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FERMT1 contributes to the migration and invasion of nasopharyngeal carcinoma through epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cell cycle arrest. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:70. [PMID: 35144617 PMCID: PMC8832859 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02494-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fermitin family member 1 (FERMT1) is significantly overexpressed in human cancers and associated with poor prognosis, but its contributions to tumorigenesis and nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) progression remain unclear. METHODS The public GEO database was examined to investigate the role of FERMT1. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining of FERMT1 was performed in NPC tissues to corroborate the results. Western blotting and qRT-PCR were performed to test the expression of related proteins and mRNAs. Cell counting kit-8 assay (CCK8 assay) and colony formation assays were carried out to investigate the association of FERMT1 expression with NPC cell proliferation. The wound healing assay and Transwell assay were used to detect the migration and invasion of NPC cells. Flow cytometric analysis was conducted to detect the cell cycle transition of NPC cells. Co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) was employed to identify the correlation of FEMRT1 and Nod-like receptor family protein 3 (NLRP3). Xenograft tumors were generated to investigate the effect of FERMT1 on the growth of NPC cells in vivo. RESULTS Here, we found that FERMT1 was upregulated in NPC tissues and correlated with the clinicopathological characteristics of NPC patients. Moreover, knockdown of FERMT1 significantly decreased cell proliferation, migration and invasion by mediating epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cell cycle arrest of NPC cells both in vitro and in vivo. Knockdown FERMT1 inhibited EMT through directly binding to the NLRP3 and inhibited NF-kB signaling pathway. CONCLUSION These data indicated that FERMT1 could be a good potential therapeutic target for NPC treatment.
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2
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Kindlin-1 Regulates Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Signaling. J Invest Dermatol 2018; 139:369-379. [PMID: 30248333 PMCID: PMC6345584 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Kindler syndrome is an autosomal recessive genodermatosis that results from mutations in the FERMT1 gene encoding t kindlin-1. Kindlin-1 localizes to focal adhesion and is known to contribute to the activation of integrin receptors. Most cases of Kindler syndrome show a reduction or complete absence of kindlin-1 in keratinocytes, resulting in defective integrin activation, cell adhesion, and migration. However, roles for kindlin-1 beyond integrin activation remain poorly defined. In this study we show that skin and keratinocytes from Kindler syndrome patients have significantly reduced expression levels of the EGFR, resulting in defective EGF-dependent signaling and cell migration. Mechanistically, we show that kindlin-1 can associate directly with EGFR in vitro and in keratinocytes in an EGF-dependent, integrin-independent manner and that formation of this complex is required for EGF-dependent migration. We further show that kindlin-1 acts to protect EGFR from lysosomal-mediated degradation. This shows a new role for kindlin-1 that has implications for understanding Kindler syndrome disease pathology.
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3
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Liu CC, Cai DL, Sun F, Wu ZH, Yue B, Zhao SL, Wu XS, Zhang M, Zhu XW, Peng ZH, Yan DW. FERMT1 mediates epithelial-mesenchymal transition to promote colon cancer metastasis via modulation of β-catenin transcriptional activity. Oncogene 2016; 36:1779-1792. [PMID: 27641329 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that fermitin family member 1 (FERMT1) was significantly overexpressed in colon cancer (CC) and associated with poor metastasis-free survival. This study aimed to investigate the precise role of FERMT1 in CC metastasis and the mechanism by which FERMT1 is involved in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Correlations between FERMT1 and EMT markers (E-cadherin, Slug, N-cadherin and β-catenin) were examined via immunohistochemistry in a cohort of CC tissues and adjacent normal colon mucosae. A series of in vitro and in vivo assays were performed to elucidate the function of FERMT1 in CC metastasis and underlying mechanisms. The upregulated expression of FERMT1 in CC tissues correlated positively with that of Slug, N-cadherin and β-catenin, but correlated inversely with E-cadherin expression. Altered FERMT1 expression led to marked changes in the proliferation, migration, invasion and EMT markers of CC cells both in vitro and in vivo. Investigations of underlying mechanisms found that FERMT1 interacted directly with β-catenin and activated the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway by decreasing the phosphorylation level of β-catenin, enhancing β-catenin nuclear translocation and increasing the transcriptional activity of β-catenin/TCF/LEF. Activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway by CHIR99021 reversed the effect of FERMT1 knockdown, whereas inhibition of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway by XAV939 impaired the effect of FERMT1 overexpression on EMT and cell motility. In conclusion, findings of this study suggest that FERMT1 activates the β-catenin transcriptional activity to promote EMT in CC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C-C Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - D-L Cai
- Department of Drug allocation center, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - F Sun
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Z-H Wu
- Department of Hapatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - B Yue
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - S-L Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - X-S Wu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - M Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - X-W Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Z-H Peng
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - D-W Yan
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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4
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Kartal D, Borlu M, Has C, Fölster‐Holst R. A novel mutation in the
FERMT
1 gene in Turkish siblings with Kindler syndrome. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2015; 30:1233-5. [DOI: 10.1111/jdv.13163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Kartal
- Faculty of Medicine Department of Dermatology and Venereology Erciyes University Kayseri Turkey
| | - M. Borlu
- Faculty of Medicine Department of Dermatology and Venereology Erciyes University Kayseri Turkey
| | - C. Has
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology Universitatsklinikum Freiburg FreiburgGermany
| | - R. Fölster‐Holst
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology Universitatsklinikum Schleswig‐Holstein Kiel Germany
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5
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Zapatero-Solana E, García-Giménez JL, Guerrero-Aspizua S, García M, Toll A, Baselga E, Durán-Moreno M, Markovic J, García-Verdugo JM, Conti CJ, Has C, Larcher F, Pallardó FV, Del Rio M. Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in Kindler syndrome. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2014; 9:211. [PMID: 25528446 PMCID: PMC4302591 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-014-0211-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Kindler Syndrome (KS) is an autosomal recessive skin disorder characterized by skin blistering, photosensitivity, premature aging, and propensity to skin cancer. In spite of the knowledge underlying cause of this disease involving mutations of FERMT1 (fermitin family member 1), and efforts to characterize genotype-phenotype correlations, the clinical variability of this genodermatosis is still poorly understood. In addition, several pathognomonic features of KS, not related to skin fragility such as aging, inflammation and cancer predisposition have been strongly associated with oxidative stress. Alterations of the cellular redox status have not been previously studied in KS. Here we explored the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of this rare cutaneous disease. Methods Patient-derived keratinocytes and their respective controls were cultured and classified according to their different mutations by PCR and western blot, the oxidative stress biomarkers were analyzed by spectrophotometry and qPCR and additionally redox biosensors experiments were also performed. The mitochondrial structure and functionality were analyzed by confocal microscopy and electron microscopy. Results Patient-derived keratinocytes showed altered levels of several oxidative stress biomarkers including MDA (malondialdehyde), GSSG/GSH ratio (oxidized and reduced glutathione) and GCL (gamma-glutamyl cysteine ligase) subunits. Electron microscopy analysis of both, KS skin biopsies and keratinocytes showed marked morphological mitochondrial abnormalities. Consistently, confocal microscopy studies of mitochondrial fluorescent probes confirmed the mitochondrial derangement. Imbalance of oxidative stress biomarkers together with abnormalities in the mitochondrial network and function are consistent with a pro-oxidant state. Conclusions This is the first study to describe mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress involvement in KS. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13023-014-0211-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Zapatero-Solana
- Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, Valencia, Spain. .,Regenerative Medicine Unit. Departament of Basic Research, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain. .,Department of Bioengineering, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid (UC3M), Madrid, Spain. .,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de la Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Jose Luis García-Giménez
- Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, Valencia, Spain. .,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain. .,Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Instituto de Investigación INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Sara Guerrero-Aspizua
- Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, Valencia, Spain. .,Regenerative Medicine Unit. Departament of Basic Research, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain. .,Department of Bioengineering, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid (UC3M), Madrid, Spain. .,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de la Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Marta García
- Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, Valencia, Spain. .,Regenerative Medicine Unit. Departament of Basic Research, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain. .,Department of Bioengineering, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid (UC3M), Madrid, Spain. .,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de la Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Agustí Toll
- Servei de Dermatologia, Hospital del Mar, Parc de Salut Mar, Cancer Research Program, IMIM (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Eulalia Baselga
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Maria Durán-Moreno
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología Comparada, Instituto Cavanilles, Universidad de Valencia, CIBERNED, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Jelena Markovic
- Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, Valencia, Spain. .,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain. .,Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Instituto de Investigación INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Jose Manuel García-Verdugo
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología Comparada, Instituto Cavanilles, Universidad de Valencia, CIBERNED, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Claudio J Conti
- Department of Bioengineering, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid (UC3M), Madrid, Spain. .,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de la Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Cristina Has
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Centre-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Fernando Larcher
- Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, Valencia, Spain. .,Regenerative Medicine Unit. Departament of Basic Research, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain. .,Department of Bioengineering, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid (UC3M), Madrid, Spain. .,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de la Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Federico V Pallardó
- Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, Valencia, Spain. .,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain. .,Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Instituto de Investigación INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Marcela Del Rio
- Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, Valencia, Spain. .,Regenerative Medicine Unit. Departament of Basic Research, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain. .,Department of Bioengineering, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid (UC3M), Madrid, Spain. .,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de la Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Madrid, Spain.
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Margadant C, Kreft M, Zambruno G, Sonnenberg A. Kindlin-1 regulates integrin dynamics and adhesion turnover. PLoS One 2013; 8:e65341. [PMID: 23776470 PMCID: PMC3679067 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss-of-function mutations in the gene encoding the integrin co-activator kindlin-1 cause Kindler syndrome. We report a novel kindlin-1-deficient keratinocyte cell line derived from a Kindler syndrome patient. Despite the expression of kindlin-2, the patient’s cells display several hallmarks related to reduced function of β1 integrins, including abnormal cell morphology, cell adhesion, cell spreading, focal adhesion assembly, and cell migration. Defective cell adhesion was aggravated by kindlin-2 depletion, indicating that kindlin-2 can compensate to a certain extent for the loss of kindlin-1. Intriguingly, β1 at the cell-surface was aberrantly glycosylated in the patient’s cells, and its expression was considerably reduced, both in cells in vitro and in the patient’s epidermis. Reconstitution with wild-type kindlin-1 but not with a β1-binding defective mutant restored the aberrant β1 expression and glycosylation, and normalized cell morphology, adhesion, spreading, and migration. Furthermore, the expression of wild-type kindlin-1, but not of the integrin-binding-defective mutant, increased the stability of integrin-mediated cell-matrix adhesions and enhanced the redistribution of internalized integrins to the cell surface. Thus, these data uncover a role for kindlin-1 in the regulation of integrin trafficking and adhesion turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coert Margadant
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maaike Kreft
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Arnoud Sonnenberg
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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7
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Heinemann A, He Y, Zimina E, Boerries M, Busch H, Chmel N, Kurz T, Bruckner‐Tuderman L, Has C. Induction of phenotype modifying cytokines by
FERMT1
mutations. Hum Mutat 2011; 32:397-406. [DOI: 10.1002/humu.21449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2010] [Accepted: 12/22/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anja Heinemann
- Department of Dermatology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Yinghong He
- Department of Dermatology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Elena Zimina
- Department of Dermatology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Melanie Boerries
- Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies, School of Life Sciences—LIFENET, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Biosystems Analysis, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hauke Busch
- Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies, School of Life Sciences—LIFENET, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Biosystems Analysis, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nadja Chmel
- Department of Dermatology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Kurz
- Core Facility Genomics, Centre for Systems Biology, University Freiburg, Germany
| | - Leena Bruckner‐Tuderman
- Department of Dermatology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies, School of Life Sciences—LIFENET, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Cristina Has
- Department of Dermatology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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8
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Has C, Herz C, Zimina E, Qu HY, He Y, Zhang ZG, Wen TT, Gache Y, Aumailley M, Bruckner-Tuderman L. Kindlin-1 Is required for RhoGTPase-mediated lamellipodia formation in keratinocytes. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2009; 175:1442-52. [PMID: 19762715 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2009.090203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Kindlin-1 is an epithelial-specific member of the novel kindlin protein family, which are regulators of integrin functions. Mutations in the gene that encodes Kindlin-1, FERMT1 (KIND1), cause the Kindler syndrome (KS), a human disorder characterized by mucocutaneous fragility, progressive skin atrophy, ulcerative colitis, photosensitivity, and propensity to skin cancer. Our previous studies indicated that loss of kindlin-1 resulted in abnormalities associated with integrin functions, such as adhesion, proliferation, polarization, and motility of epidermal cells. Here, we disclosed novel FERMT1 mutations in KS and used them, in combination with small-interfering RNA, protein, and imaging studies, to uncover new functions for kindlin-1 in keratinocytes and to discern the molecular pathology of KS. We show that kindlin-1 forms molecular complexes with beta1 integrin, alpha-actinin, migfilin, and focal adhesion kinase and regulates cell shape and migration by controlling lamellipodia formation. Kindlin-1 governs these processes by signaling via Rho family GTPases, and it is required to maintain the pool of GTP-bound, active Rac1, RhoA and Cdc42, and the phosphorylation of their downstream effectors p21-activated kinase 1, LIM kinase, and cofilin. Loss of these kindlin-1 functions forms the biological basis for the epithelial cell fragility and atrophy in the pathology of KS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Has
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg 79104, Germany
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9
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Lai-Cheong JE, Parsons M, Tanaka A, Ussar S, South AP, Gomathy S, Mee JB, Barbaroux JB, Techanukul T, Almaani N, Clements SE, Hart IR, McGrath JA. Loss-of-function FERMT1 mutations in kindler syndrome implicate a role for fermitin family homolog-1 in integrin activation. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2009; 175:1431-41. [PMID: 19762710 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2009.081154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Kindler syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by skin atrophy and blistering. It results from loss-of-function mutations in the FERMT1 gene encoding the focal adhesion protein, fermitin family homolog-1. How and why deficiency of fermitin family homolog-1 results in skin atrophy and blistering are unclear. In this study, we investigated the epidermal basement membrane and keratinocyte biology abnormalities in Kindler syndrome. We identified altered distribution of several basement membrane proteins, including types IV, VII, and XVII collagens and laminin-332 in Kindler syndrome skin. In addition, reduced immunolabeling intensity of epidermal cell markers such as beta1 and alpha6 integrins and cytokeratin 15 was noted. At the cellular level, there was loss of beta4 integrin immunolocalization and random distribution of laminin-332 in Kindler syndrome keratinocytes. Of note, active beta1 integrin was reduced but overexpression of fermitin family homolog-1 restored integrin activation and partially rescued the Kindler syndrome cellular phenotype. This study provides evidence that fermitin family homolog-1 is implicated in integrin activation and demonstrates that lack of this protein leads to pathological changes beyond focal adhesions, with disruption of several hemidesmosomal components and reduced expression of keratinocyte stem cell markers. These findings collectively provide novel data on the role of fermitin family homolog-1 in skin and further insight into the pathophysiology of Kindler syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joey E Lai-Cheong
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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Abstract
The Kindler syndrome is a new form of inherited epidermolysis bullosa and the first genodermatosis caused by a defect of the focal adhesions. Kindlin-1, the deficient protein, plays an essential role in integrin activation and in the adhesion of keratinocytes to the extracellular matrix. The adhesion defect leads to skin blistering which begins at birth and ameliorates with age, and to mucosal fragility which leads to scarring and stricture formation. Skin atrophy and poikiloderma develop progressively. Photosensitivity is rather mild, but squamous cell carcinomas develop on sun-exposed areas mainly after the age of 40 years. The most important differential diagnoses are epidermolysis bullosa with mottled pigmentation and dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa. Management aims to treat the symptoms and prevent complications.
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11
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Has C, Yordanova I, Balabanova M, Kazandjieva J, Herz C, Kohlhase J, Bruckner-Tuderman L. A novel large FERMT1 (KIND1) gene deletion in Kindler syndrome. J Dermatol Sci 2008; 52:209-12. [PMID: 18835760 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2008.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2008] [Revised: 07/01/2008] [Accepted: 07/09/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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