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Riva M, Bosi A, Rizzo L, Mazzon F, Ferrari S, Lussana F, Borin L, Castelli A, Cairoli R, Barcellini W, Molteni A, Fattizzo B. Danazol Treatment for Thrombocytopenia in Myelodysplastic Syndromes: Can an “Old-fashioned” Drug be Effective? Hemasphere 2023; 7:e867. [PMID: 36999006 PMCID: PMC10047600 DOI: 10.1097/hs9.0000000000000867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Riva
- Department of Haematology, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Bosi
- Haematology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Haemato-oncology, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Rizzo
- Department of Haematology, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Federico Mazzon
- Department of Haematology, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Haemato-oncology, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Ferrari
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Federico Lussana
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Lorenza Borin
- Department of Hematology, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | | | - Roberto Cairoli
- Department of Haematology, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Wilma Barcellini
- Haematology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Bruno Fattizzo
- Haematology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Haemato-oncology, University of Milan, Italy
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Choi EJ, Lee JH, Park HS, Lee JH, Seol M, Lee YS, Kang YA, Jeon M, Woo JM, Kang H, Lee KH. Androgen therapy for patients with lower-risk myelodysplastic syndrome and significant cytopenia: a retrospective study. Br J Haematol 2019; 187:e4-e7. [PMID: 31368111 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.16121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Ji Choi
- Department of Haematology, Asan Medical Centre, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Je-Hwan Lee
- Department of Haematology, Asan Medical Centre, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Han-Seung Park
- Department of Haematology, Asan Medical Centre, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung-Hee Lee
- Department of Haematology, Asan Medical Centre, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Miee Seol
- Department of Haematology, Asan Medical Centre, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Shin Lee
- Department of Haematology, Asan Medical Centre, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Ah Kang
- Department of Haematology, Asan Medical Centre, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mijin Jeon
- Department of Haematology, Asan Medical Centre, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Min Woo
- Department of Haematology, Asan Medical Centre, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyeran Kang
- Department of Haematology, Asan Medical Centre, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyoo-Hyung Lee
- Department of Haematology, Asan Medical Centre, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Danazol as First-Line Therapy for Myelodysplastic Syndrome. CLINICAL LYMPHOMA MYELOMA & LEUKEMIA 2017; 18:e109-e113. [PMID: 29268959 DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allogeneic stem cell transplantation (ASCT) represents the only option with a potential cure rate of 30% to 50% in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS); however, < 5% of patients are optimal candidates for this management. Therapeutic options are limited in patients unsuitable for ASCT. Evidence that androgens might be beneficial in MDS is controversial. We aimed to document the clinical outcomes of patients diagnosed with MDS treated with danazol as first-line therapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS We retrospectively reviewed patients diagnosed in our center with MDS according to the World Health Organization 2008 criteria and treated with danazol between 2005 and 2015. Response was defined according to international working group criteria. RESULTS We included 42 patients treated exclusively with danazol. Median dose was 400 mg/d (range, 100-600 mg/d). Median follow-up was 12 (range, 3-76) months. Twenty-four of these patients (60%) achieved clinical response. Median overall survival was 24 months (95% confidence interval, 5.1-42). Responders were older than nonresponders (P = .025) and had higher baseline hemoglobin concentration (P = .009). No patients discontinued danazol because of toxicity. Fifteen patients died (35.7%) and 5 progressed to acute myeloid leukemia. CONCLUSION Danazol as first-line therapy is an acceptable treatment option with low side effects for patients with MDS who cannot receive ASCT.
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Bourgeois E, Caulier MT, Rose C, Dupriez B, Bauters F, Fenaux P. Role of splenectomy in the treatment of myelodysplastic syndromes with peripheral thrombocytopenia: a report on six cases. Leukemia 2001; 15:950-3. [PMID: 11417482 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2402129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Thrombocytopenia is generally of central origin in MDS, but can be due to peripheral platelet destruction in some cases. We studied platelet lifespan in 61 MDS cases with platelets < 70,000/mm3 and marrow blasts < 10%. Nine of them (15%) had a major platelet lifespan reduction (< 3.5 days), and were considered for splenectomy. Three of them were not splenectomized due to rapid death, patient refusal and older age plus liver predominance of platelet sequestration, respectively. The remaining six patients (two females and four males, median age 50 years, range 32 to 65) were splenectomized 3 to 21 months after diagnosis. Before splenectomy, five of them had RA and one had CMML. Platelets counts ranged from 5000 to 30,000/mm3 and did not durably respond to other treatments. Three of the patients has a relapse of platelet counts, concomitantly required platelet transfusion due to recurrent blending, whereas three had anemia (two required erythrocyte transfusion) and four had neutropenia. Three months after surgery, platelet counts ranged from 55,000 to 160,000/mm3 (> 100,000/mm3 in four cases), no patient required platelet or erythrocyte transfusion, but there was no effect on neutrophil counts. Three patients had a relapse of platelet counts, concomitant with progression to AML in two of them, whereas the third relapsing case achieved normal platelet counts with further danazol. One patient died with normal platelet counts 12 months after splenectomy (from sepsis, probably related to neutropenia rather than splenectomy). Two patients remained with normal platelet counts 10 and 52 months after surgery. Our findings suggest that the mechanism of thrombocytopenia should be studied more often in 'low risk' MDS (i.e. with low bone marrow blast counts) with thrombocytopenia, as about 15% of them appear to have peripheral platelet destruction. Some of those patients may benefit from splenectomy.
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MESH Headings
- Acute Disease
- Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use
- Adult
- Aged
- Anemia, Refractory/blood
- Anemia, Refractory/drug therapy
- Anemia, Refractory/surgery
- Anemia, Refractory, with Excess of Blasts/blood
- Anemia, Refractory, with Excess of Blasts/drug therapy
- Anemia, Refractory, with Excess of Blasts/surgery
- Autoimmune Diseases/etiology
- Blood Platelets/pathology
- Cellular Senescence
- Cerebral Hemorrhage/etiology
- Cerebral Hemorrhage/mortality
- Combined Modality Therapy
- Danazol/therapeutic use
- Disease Progression
- Female
- Follow-Up Studies
- Humans
- Immunoglobulins, Intravenous/therapeutic use
- Interleukin-3/therapeutic use
- Leukemia, Myeloid/mortality
- Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Chronic/blood
- Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Chronic/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Chronic/surgery
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Myelodysplastic Syndromes/blood
- Myelodysplastic Syndromes/drug therapy
- Myelodysplastic Syndromes/mortality
- Myelodysplastic Syndromes/surgery
- Neutropenia/etiology
- Platelet Count
- Recurrence
- Retrospective Studies
- Sjogren's Syndrome/etiology
- Splenectomy/adverse effects
- Thrombocytopenia/etiology
- Treatment Outcome
- Treatment Refusal
- Vasculitis/etiology
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Affiliation(s)
- E Bourgeois
- Service des Maladies du Sang CHU Lille, France
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Mossuz P, Cousin F, Castinel A, Chauvet M, Sotto MF, Polack B, Sotto JJ, Kolodie L. Effects of two sex steroids (17beta estradiol and testosterone) on proliferation and clonal growth of the human monoblastic leukemia cell line, U937. Leuk Res 1998; 22:1063-72. [PMID: 9783810 DOI: 10.1016/s0145-2126(98)00101-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of two sex steroids (17beta estradiol and testosterone) on five human leukemia cell lines. We observed a statistically significant inhibition of proliferation, dose and time dependent, of the human monoblastic leukemia cell line U937. This inhibition was associated with a dose dependent decrease in the number of CFU-blasts in clonogenic cultures. Cytostatic effect was obtained with doses of 5 microM for estrogen and 10 microM for androgen and was not due to a non-specific cytotoxic effect, some cell viability remained high (> 90%) even after 6 days of incubation. More accurately, we demonstrated that growth inhibition was associated with a cell cycle arrest, U937 cells accumulating in G2/M phase. This blockade was dose related with a maximum number of cells accumulating at day 4. Sensitivity of these cells to an S-phase specific agent (hydroxyurea) was not increased, suggesting that these cells were blocked in G2/M and did not undergo mitosis. Expression in U937 cells of high affinity nuclear receptors for estrogen and androgen was negative which was in favour of a type II estrogen binding site, mediated mechanism. Moreover, a small fraction of these cells underwent apoptosis or differentiation with about 12% apoptotic cells and a significant increase (more than 30%) of two myelomonocytic markers (CD13 and CD64). These results demonstrate that the proliferation of some leukemic cells may be inhibited by micromolar concentrations of sex steroids, independently of nuclear receptor expression. The main mechanism seems to be a block in cell cycle associated with modulation of apoptosis and differentiation. It provided additional evidence for the potential value of sex steroids and their analogues in the treatment of leukemias.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Mossuz
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Grenoble, France.
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Mellibovsky L, Díez A, Pérez-Vila E, Serrano S, Nacher M, Aubía J, Supervía A, Recker RR. Vitamin D treatment in myelodysplastic syndromes. Br J Haematol 1998; 100:516-20. [PMID: 9504634 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2141.1998.00598.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a group of clonal disturbances with defective cellular differentiation. Vitamin D3 (VD) analogues can act on the differentiation and maturity of different cell lines. We studied the effects of VD on a series of patients with MDS in an open-design trial. Nineteen patients, 12 men and seven women, with MDS were included. Patients were 74.8 +/- 5.6 years (mean +/- SD), seven had refractory anaemia with ringed sideroblasts, five had refractory anaemia, one had refractory anaemia with excess of blasts and six had chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia. All the patients were in a low to intermediate risk group. Mean follow-up period was 26.21 months, range 9-75. Responders were defined as follows: granulocyte or platelet count increase by 50%, or haemoglobin increase of 1.5 g/dl or transfusion needs decrease by 50%. The first five patients received 266 microg of calcifediol three times a week and the other 14 received calcitriol (0.25-0.75 microg/d). Response was observed in 11 patients. In the calcifediol-treated group, one case responded, three were nonresponders, and one showed progression. In the calcitriol group, 10 were responders (two with major response), and four were non-responders. No correlation was observed between baseline levels of vitamin D metabolites and the presence of response. No hypercalcaemia was observed. Treatment with vitamin D3 metabolites could induce a long-standing response of the haematological disturbance in some low-intermediate risk MDS patients without inducing hypercalcaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Mellibovsky
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital del Mar, Institut Municipal d'Investigació Mèdica, Barcelona, Spain
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Lévy V, Bourgarit A, Delmer A, Legrand O, Baudard M, Rio B, Zittoun R. Treatment of agnogenic myeloid metaplasia with danazol: a report of four cases. Am J Hematol 1996; 53:239-41. [PMID: 8948661 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-8652(199612)53:4<239::aid-ajh5>3.0.co;2-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Peripheral cytopenias are common in patients with agnogenic myeloid metaplasia (AMM). They are an important cause of morbidity and mortality, and their treatment is difficult. We report on 4 patients with AMM and severe cytopenia treated with danazol (400-600 mg/ day). Three of them became independent of red blood cell (RBC) transfusion, while the other had a slight reduction in RBC requirement. In addition, correction of thrombocytopenia and disappearance of splenomegaly were observed in 1 and 2 patients, respectively. No side effects were observed. In our experience, danazol appears effective and safe in the subset of patients with AMM whose disease is mainly characterized by bone-marrow failure. These data warrant further studies to evaluate this treatment and explore its mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Lévy
- Service d'Hématologie, Hôtel-Dieu, Paris, France
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San Miguel JF, Sanz GF, Vallespí T, del Cañizo MC, Sanz MA. Myelodysplastic syndromes. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 1996; 23:57-93. [PMID: 8817082 DOI: 10.1016/1040-8428(96)00197-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J F San Miguel
- Hematology Service, Hospital Clínico Universitario of Salamanca, Spain
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9
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Trafalis DT, Sambani C, Kapsimali V, Economidou J, Politis T, Catsoulacos P. Effects of homo-aza-steroids on acute non-lymphocytic leukaemia cell proliferation in vitro. Br J Haematol 1995; 91:907-14. [PMID: 8547137 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.1995.tb05408.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Homo-aza-steroids (modified steroid molecules) in their esterified forms have been used extensively as carrier molecules of alkylating agents against several neoplastic malignancies in vivo and in vitro. We studied the effects of two homo-aza-steroid carrier molecules alone, namely 3 beta-hydroxy-13 alpha-amino-13,17-seco-5 alpha-androstan-17-oic-13, 17-lactam (compound 1) and 13 alpha-amino-13,17-seco-1,3,5-estratrien-17-oic- 13,17-lactam (compound 2), on human acute non-lymphocytic leukaemia cell proliferation in vitro. We used peripheral blood samples from 27 untreated ANLL patients (eight M1, four M2, two M3, six M4, three M5a, two M5b and two M6, according to FAB criteria). Proliferative activity was estimated by using thymidine uptake and the percentage of cells in metaphase in 24, 48 and 72 h of culture. Exposure of human leukaemic blasts with either of the two compounds resulted in enhanced cell proliferation in M1, M2, M4, M6 and M5a (only by compound 2) cases, whereas there was no significant effect in the M3 and M5b cases. Our results indicate that the two compounds tested exhibit stimulatory effect on cell proliferation, particularly in blast cells possessing a relatively smaller degree of differentiation (M1 and M6 cases exhibiting CD34 and CD7). Further research is needed to study the cell growth effect and the therapeutic potential of these steroid molecules in human blood malignancies in vitro and in vivo.
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MESH Headings
- Azasteroids/pharmacology
- Cell Differentiation/physiology
- Cells, Cultured
- Chromosome Banding
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Drug Carriers
- Humans
- Immunophenotyping
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/immunology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/drug effects
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/metabolism
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/physiology
- Mitotic Index
- Sister Chromatid Exchange
- Stimulation, Chemical
- Thymidine/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- D T Trafalis
- Institute of Nuclear Technology-Radiation Protection, N.C.S.R. Demokritos, Athens, Greece
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Chabannon C, Molina L, Pégourié-Bandelier B, Bost M, Léger J, Hollard D. A review of 76 patients with myelodysplastic syndromes treated with danazol. Cancer 1994; 73:3073-80. [PMID: 8200005 DOI: 10.1002/1097-0142(19940615)73:12<3073::aid-cncr2820731228>3.0.co;2-#] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDSs) remains unsatisfactory. A limited number of reports provide contradictory information on whether danazol, a synthetic androgen, may be useful in patients with MDS. METHODS Between 1984 and 1992, 76 patients were treated with danazol (Danatrol, Winthrop) in an open nonrandomized study. Clinical status, blood counts, differential marrow cell counts, transfusion requirements, and liver enzymes were monitored at 3-month intervals during and 6 months after discontinuation of therapy. The authors present the retrospective analysis of this cohort of patients. RESULTS This study shows a limited usefulness of danazol in patients with MDS. Blood counts were not significantly changed during danazol administration; neither were transfusion requirements. Overall survival and the rate of leukemic transformation were not affected when compared with 50 untreated patients or with data available in the literature. An increase in platelet numbers in four patients and in hemoglobin level in one patient was observed; these patients were unremarkable and were not transfused before initial danazol therapy; therefore, changes in blood counts were of limited clinical significance. The search for subgroups of patients likely to have a favorable response was unsuccessful. Side effects of danazol were limited. In addition, this study provides information on the frequency of antiplatelet antibodies and other autoantibodies in patients with MDS. CONCLUSIONS This study does not support a positive effect of danazol in patients with MDS during long term follow-up. Anecdotal positive evolution in a few patients cannot be formally ascribed to danazol. These results should be interpreted by comparison with previous publications that report on small numbers of patients with limited follow-up. Based on these data, the authors cannot recommend the systematic use of danazol in MDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Chabannon
- Service d'Hématologie Clinique, Centre Hospitalier, Grenoble, France
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Wattel E, Cambier N, Caulier MT, Sautière D, Bauters F, Fenaux P. Androgen therapy in myelodysplastic syndromes with thrombocytopenia: a report on 20 cases. Br J Haematol 1994; 87:205-8. [PMID: 7947249 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.1994.tb04895.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Twenty patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and (i) platelets < 50 x 10(9)/l and (ii) bone marrow blasts < or = 10% were treated with androgen therapy (fluoxymesterone at 1 mg/kg/d: seven patients; danazol at 600 mg/d: 13 patients) for at least 3 months. 11 of them (55%) had an increase in platelet counts by at least 30 x 10(9)/l and a disappearance of bleeding symptoms was seen in 6/6 patients with initial bleeding. A response with neutrophil counts (six cases) or haemoglobin levels (five cases) was less often seen. Treatment was continued for 3+ to 27 months in responders (the dose being reduced by 50% after 6 months). Seven patients on maintenance treatment were still responding. Another patient died while he was still responding, and the remaining three patients relapsed after discontinuation (two cases) and dose reduction to 50% (one case) of the androgen used. Side-effects of treatment were moderate. In our experience, androgen therapy can be useful in patients with 'low risks' MDS (i.e. with marrow blasts < or = 10%) and severe thrombocytopenia, especially because no growth factor regularly active on platelets is currently available.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Wattel
- Service des Maladies du Sang, CHU, Lille, France
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