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Guo C, Lv X, Zhang Q, Yi L, Ren Y, Li Z, Yan J, Zheng S, Sun M, Liu S. CRKL but not CRKII contributes to hemin-induced erythroid differentiation of CML. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18308. [PMID: 38683131 PMCID: PMC11057422 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Destruction of erythropoiesis process leads to various diseases, including thrombocytopenia, anaemia, and leukaemia. miR-429-CT10 regulation of kinase-like (CRKL) axis involved in development, progression and metastasis of cancers. However, the exact role of miR-429-CRKL axis in leukaemic cell differentiation are still unknown. The current work aimed to uncover the effect of miR-429-CRKL axis on erythropoiesis. In the present study, CRKL upregulation was negatively correlated with miR-429 downregulation in both chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) patient and CR patient samples. Moreover, CRKL expression level was significantly decreased while miR-429 expression level was increased during the erythroid differentiation of K562 cells following hemin treatment. Functional investigations revealed that overexpression and knockdown of CRKL was remarkably effective in suppressing and promoting hemin-induced erythroid differentiation of K562 cells, whereas, miR-429 exhibited opposite effects to CRKL. Mechanistically, miR-429 regulates erythroid differentiation of K562 cells by downregulating CRKL via selectively targeting CRKL-3'-untranslated region (UTR) through Raf/MEK/ERK pathway. Conversely, CRKII had no effect on erythroid differentiation of K562 cells. Taken together, our data demonstrated that CRKL (but not CRKII) and miR-429 contribute to development, progression and erythropoiesis of CML, miR-429-CRKL axis regulates erythropoiesis of K562 cells via Raf/MEK/ERK pathway, providing novel insights into effective diagnosis and therapy for CML patients.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Hemin/pharmacology
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- MicroRNAs/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/metabolism
- K562 Cells
- Cell Differentiation/drug effects
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics
- Erythroid Cells/metabolism
- Erythroid Cells/drug effects
- Erythroid Cells/pathology
- Erythroid Cells/cytology
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-crk/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-crk/genetics
- Erythropoiesis/genetics
- Erythropoiesis/drug effects
- MAP Kinase Signaling System/drug effects
- 3' Untranslated Regions
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Guo
- Department of Biotechnology & Liaoning Key Laboratory of Cancer Stem Cell Research, College of Basic Medical SciencesDalian Medical UniversityDalianLiaoningChina
| | - Xinxin Lv
- Department of Biotechnology & Liaoning Key Laboratory of Cancer Stem Cell Research, College of Basic Medical SciencesDalian Medical UniversityDalianLiaoningChina
| | - Qiuling Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Medical SciencesDalian Medical UniversityDalianLiaoningChina
| | - Lina Yi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Medical SciencesDalian Medical UniversityDalianLiaoningChina
| | - Yingying Ren
- Department of Biotechnology & Liaoning Key Laboratory of Cancer Stem Cell Research, College of Basic Medical SciencesDalian Medical UniversityDalianLiaoningChina
| | - Zhaopeng Li
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Medical SciencesDalian Medical UniversityDalianLiaoningChina
| | - Jinsong Yan
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityInstitute of Stem Cell Transplantation of Dalian Medical UniversityDalianLiaoningChina
| | - Shanliang Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Medical SciencesDalian Medical UniversityDalianLiaoningChina
| | - Ming‐Zhong Sun
- Department of Biotechnology & Liaoning Key Laboratory of Cancer Stem Cell Research, College of Basic Medical SciencesDalian Medical UniversityDalianLiaoningChina
| | - Shuqing Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Medical SciencesDalian Medical UniversityDalianLiaoningChina
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Karagiannis TC, Wall M, Ververis K, Pitsillou E, Tortorella SM, Wood PA, Rafehi H, Khurana I, Maxwell SS, Hung A, Vongsvivut J, El-Osta A. Characterization of K562 cells: uncovering novel chromosomes, assessing transferrin receptor expression, and probing pharmacological therapies. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:248. [PMID: 37578596 PMCID: PMC11072675 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04905-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Human erythroleukemic K562 cells represent the prototypical cell culture model of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). The cells are pseudo-triploid and positive for the Philadelphia chromosome. Therefore, K562 cells have been widely used for investigating the BCR/ABL1 oncogene and the tyrosine kinase inhibitor, imatinib-mesylate. Further, K562 cells overexpress transferrin receptors (TfR) and have been used as a model for targeting cytotoxic therapies, via receptor-mediated endocytosis. Here, we have characterized K562 cells focusing on the karyotype of cells in prolonged culture, regulation of expression of TfR in wildtype (WT) and doxorubicin-resistant cells, and responses to histone deacetylase inhibition (HDACi). Karyotype analysis indicates novel chromosomes and gene expression analysis suggests a shift of cultured K562 cells away from patient-derived leukemic cells. We confirm the high expression of TfR on K562 cells using immunofluorescence and cell-surface receptor binding radioassays. Importantly, high TfR expression is observed in patient-derived cells, and we highlight the persistent expression of TfR following doxorubicin acquired resistance. Epigenetic analysis indicates that permissive histone acetylation and methylation at the promoter region regulates the transcription of TfR in K562 cells. Finally, we show relatively high expression of HDAC enzymes in K562 cells and demonstrate the chemotoxic effects of HDACi, using the FDA-approved hydroxamic acid, vorinostat. Together with a description of morphology, infrared spectral analysis, and examination of metabolic properties, we provide a comprehensive characterization of K562 cells. Overall, K562 cell culture systems remain widely used for the investigation of novel therapeutics for CML, which is particularly important in cases of imatinib-mesylate resistance.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Imatinib Mesylate/pharmacology
- Imatinib Mesylate/therapeutic use
- K562 Cells
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics
- Transferrin
- Pyrimidines/pharmacology
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/metabolism
- Histone Deacetylases/metabolism
- Doxorubicin/pharmacology
- Doxorubicin/therapeutic use
- Receptors, Transferrin/genetics
- Chromosomes/metabolism
- Mesylates/pharmacology
- Apoptosis
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom C Karagiannis
- Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease Program, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Prahran, VIC, 3004, Australia.
- Epigenomic Medicine Laboratory at prospED Training, Carlton, VIC, 3053, Australia.
- Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.
- Epigenomic in Human Health and Disease Program, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Prahran, VIC, 3004, Australia.
| | - Meaghan Wall
- Victorian Cancer Cytogenetics Service, St Vincent's Hospital, Fitzroy, VIC, 3065, Australia
- Department of Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, 3065, Australia
| | - Katherine Ververis
- Epigenomic Medicine Laboratory at prospED Training, Carlton, VIC, 3053, Australia
- Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Eleni Pitsillou
- Epigenomic Medicine Laboratory at prospED Training, Carlton, VIC, 3053, Australia
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, VIC, 3001, Australia
| | - Stephanie M Tortorella
- Epigenomic Medicine Laboratory at prospED Training, Carlton, VIC, 3053, Australia
- Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Peter A Wood
- Epigenomic Medicine Laboratory at prospED Training, Carlton, VIC, 3053, Australia
| | - Haloom Rafehi
- Population Health and Immunity, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Ishant Khurana
- Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease Program, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Prahran, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Scott S Maxwell
- Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease Program, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Prahran, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Andrew Hung
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, VIC, 3001, Australia
| | | | - Assam El-Osta
- Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease Program, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Prahran, VIC, 3004, Australia
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 3/F Lui Che Woo Clinical Sciences Building, 30‑32 Ngan Shing Street, Sha Tin, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Biomedical Laboratory Science, Department of Technology, Faculty of Health, University College Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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3
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Amos C, Xu P, De Camilli P. Erythroid Differentiation Dependent Interaction of VPS13A with XK at the Plasma Membrane of K562 Cells. CONTACT (THOUSAND OAKS (VENTURA COUNTY, CALIF.)) 2023; 6:25152564231215133. [PMID: 38144430 PMCID: PMC10748539 DOI: 10.1177/25152564231215133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Mutations of the bridge-like lipid transport protein VPS13A and the lipid scramblase XK result in Chorea Acanthocytosis (ChAc) and McLeod syndrome (MLS), respectively, two similar conditions involving neurodegeneration and deformed erythrocytes (acanthocytes). VPS13A binds XK, suggesting a model in which VPS13A forms a lipid transport bridge between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the plasma membrane (PM), where XK resides. However, studies of VPS13A in HeLa and COS7 cells showed that this protein localizes primarily at contacts of the ER with mitochondria. Overexpression of XK in these cells redistributed VPS13A to the biosynthetic XK pool in the ER but not to PM-localized XK. Colocalization of VPS13A with XK at the PM was only observed if overexpressed XK harbored mutations that disengaged its VPS13A-binding site from an intramolecular interaction. As the acanthocytosis phenotype of ChAc and MLS suggests a role of the two proteins in cells of the erythroid lineage, we explored their localization in K562 cells, which differentiate into erythroblasts upon hemin addition. When tagged VPS13A was overexpressed in hemin-treated K562 cells, robust formation of ER-PM contacts positive for VPS13A was observed and their formation was abolished in XK KO cells. ER-PM contacts positive for VPS13A were seldom observed in undifferentiated K562 cells, despite the presence of XK in these cells at concentrations similar to those observed after differentiation. These findings reveal that the interaction of VPS13A with XK at ER-PM contacts requires a permissive state which depends upon cell type and/or functional state of the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chase Amos
- Departments of Neuroscience and of Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Peng Xu
- Departments of Neuroscience and of Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Pietro De Camilli
- Departments of Neuroscience and of Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
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4
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LRF Promotes Indirectly Advantageous Chromatin Conformation via BGLT3-lncRNA Expression and Switch from Fetal to Adult Hemoglobin. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137025. [PMID: 35806029 PMCID: PMC9266405 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The hemoglobin switch from fetal (HbF) to adult (HbA) has been studied intensively as an essential model for gene expression regulation, but also as a beneficial therapeutic approach for β-hemoglobinopathies, towards the objective of reactivating HbF. The transcription factor LRF (Leukemia/lymphoma-related), encoded from the ZBTB7A gene has been implicated in fetal hemoglobin silencing, though has a wide range of functions that have not been fully clarified. We thus established the LRF/ZBTB7A-overexpressing and ZBTB7A-knockdown K562 (human erythroleukemia cell line) clones to assess fetal vs. adult hemoglobin production pre- and post-induction. Transgenic K562 clones were further developed and studied under the influence of epigenetic chromatin regulators, such as DNA methyl transferase 3 (DNMT3) and Histone Deacetylase 1 (HDAC1), to evaluate LRF’s potential disturbance upon the aberrant epigenetic background and provide valuable information of the preferable epigenetic frame, in which LRF unfolds its action on the β-type globin’s expression. The ChIP-seq analysis demonstrated that LRF binds to γ-globin genes (HBG2/1) and apparently associates BCL11A for their silencing, but also during erythropoiesis induction, LRF binds the BGLT3 gene, promoting BGLT3-lncRNA production through the γ-δ intergenic region of β-type globin’s locus, triggering the transcriptional events from γ- to β-globin switch. Our findings are supported by an up-to-date looping model, which highlights chromatin alterations during erythropoiesis at late stages of gestation, to establish an “open” chromatin conformation across the γ-δ intergenic region and accomplish β-globin expression and hemoglobin switch.
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5
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Li Z, Sun MZ, Lv X, Guo C, Liu S. ETV6 Regulates Hemin-Induced Erythroid Differentiation of K562 Cells through Mediating the Raf/MEK/ERK Pathway. Biol Pharm Bull 2022; 45:250-259. [PMID: 35228392 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b21-00632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
As a member of transcription factor E-Twenty Six (ETS) family, ETS variant 6 (ETV6) plays significant role in hematopoiesis and embryonic development. ETV6 dysexpression also involved in the occurrence, development and progression of cancers and leukemia. In current work, we hypothesized that ETV6 plays a role in erythroid differentiation of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). We found the protein expression level of ETV6 was significantly upregulated during hemin-induced erythroid differentiation of K562 cells. Moreover, overexpression of ETV6 inhibited erythroid differentiation in hemin-induced K562 cells with decreased numbers of benzidine-positive cells and decreased expression levels of erythroid differentiation specific markers glycophorin (GPA), CD71, hemoglobin A (HBA), α-globin, γ-globin and ε-globin. Conversely, ETV6 knockdown promoted erythroid differentiation in hemin-induced K562 cells. Furthermore, ETV6 expression level slightly positively with the proliferation capacity of K562 cells treated with hemin. Mechanistically, ETV6 overexpression inhibited fibrosarcoma/mitogen activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase/extracellular regulated protein kinase (Raf/MEK/ERK) pathway, ETV6 knockdown activated the Raf/MEK/ERK pathway. Collectively, the current work demonstrates that ETV6 plays an inhibitory role in the regulation of K562 cell erythroid differentiation via Raf/MEK/ERK pathway, it would be a potentially therapeutic target for dyserythropoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaopeng Li
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University
| | - Ming-Zhong Sun
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University
| | - Xinxin Lv
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University
| | - Chunmei Guo
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University
| | - Shuqing Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University
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6
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A rapid spectrophotometric method to identify inhibitors of human erythropoiesis. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2021; 113:107134. [PMID: 34798285 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2021.107134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Erythropoiesis is a complex physiological process by which erythroid progenitors proliferate and differentiate into nonnucleated red blood cells. Several methods can be used to monitor in vitro the differentiation of erythroid precursors, and hence the toxic effects of drugs, chemicals, or pollutants. One of the most commonly available assay of erythropoiesis is the microscopic observation of differentiated cells after benzidine staining, which forms a blue complex with hemoglobin. However, this method is laborious and does not provide accurate results since it heavily relies on the reader's interpretation. Moreover, benzidine is a carcinogen and a highly reactive molecule which forces the reader to microscopically count differentiated and non-differentiated cells within a short time frame (5 min). Here we have developed a simple, inexpensive, in-vitro spectrophotometric assay to measure erythroid differentiation using K562 cell line as a model. Materials needed included 96-well round-bottomed microplates and a microplate reader. Remarkably, carcinogenic benzidine was replaced by its isomeric tetramethyl derivative, the 3,3', 5,5'- tetramethylbenzidine (TMB), which presents several advantages: it is cheap, not mutagenic and a ready-to-use chromogenic substrate. A small volume (50 μl) of TMB added to the samples forms a blue complex in 15 min, and the reaction can be easily stopped and stabilized by the addition of H2SO4. The yellow precipitate is then solubilized, and the absorbance is measured at 450 nm. In addition, the suitability of the assay to determine the effects of compounds on erythroid differentiation was further tested with known inhibitors (artemisinin derivatives) of K562 differentiation. Overall, the reported methodology permits to measure in an accurate and reproducible manner the K562 differentiation and can be used for medium throughput screenings (MTS) of compounds or environmental toxics with potential erythro-toxicity and ability to inhibit erythroid differentiation.
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7
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Tsolaki VDC, Georgiou-Siafis SK, Tsamadou AI, Tsiftsoglou SA, Samiotaki M, Panayotou G, Tsiftsoglou AS. Hemin accumulation and identification of a heme-binding protein clan in K562 cells by proteomic and computational analysis. J Cell Physiol 2021; 237:1315-1340. [PMID: 34617268 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Heme (iron protoporphyrin IX) is an essential regulator conserved in all known organisms. We investigated the kinetics of intracellular accumulation of hemin (oxidized form) in human transformed proerythroid K562 cells using [14 C]-hemin and observed that it is time and temperature-dependent, affected by the presence of serum proteins, as well as the amphipathic/hydrophobic properties of hemin. Hemin-uptake exhibited saturation kinetics as a function of the concentration added, suggesting the involvement of a carrier-cell surface receptor-mediated process. The majority of intracellular hemin accumulated in the cytoplasm, while a substantial portion entered the nucleus. Cytosolic proteins isolated by hemin-agarose affinity column chromatography (HACC) were found to form stable complexes with [59 Fe]-hemin. The HACC fractionation and Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of cytosolic, mitochondrial, and nuclear protein isolates from K562 cell extracts revealed the presence of a large number of hemin-binding proteins (HeBPs) of diverse ontologies, including heat shock proteins, cytoskeletal proteins, enzymes, and signaling proteins such as actinin a4, mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 as well as several others. The subsequent computational analysis of the identified HeBPs using HemoQuest confirmed the presence of various hemin/heme-binding motifs [C(X)nC, H, Y] in their primary structures and conformations. The possibility that these HeBPs contribute to a heme intracellular trafficking protein network involved in the homeostatic regulation of the pool and overall functions of heme is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki-Dimitra C Tsolaki
- Department of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (A.U.TH.), Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Sofia K Georgiou-Siafis
- Department of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (A.U.TH.), Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Athina I Tsamadou
- Department of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (A.U.TH.), Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stefanos A Tsiftsoglou
- Department of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (A.U.TH.), Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Martina Samiotaki
- Institute of Bioinnovation, B.S.R.C. "Alexander Fleming", Vari, Attiki, Greece
| | - George Panayotou
- Institute of Bioinnovation, B.S.R.C. "Alexander Fleming", Vari, Attiki, Greece
| | - Asterios S Tsiftsoglou
- Department of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (A.U.TH.), Thessaloniki, Greece
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8
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Lin HH, Lo YL, Wang WC, Huang KY, I KY, Chang GW. Overexpression of FAM46A, a Non-canonical Poly(A) Polymerase, Promotes Hemin-Induced Hemoglobinization in K562 Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:414. [PMID: 32528962 PMCID: PMC7264091 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
FAM46A belongs to the FAM46 subfamily of the nucleotidyltransferase-fold superfamily and is predicted to be a non-canonical poly(A) polymerase. FAM46A has been linked to several human disorders including retinitis pigmentosa, bone abnormality, cancer, and obesity. However, its molecular and functional characteristics are largely unknown. We herein report that FAM46A is expressed in cells of the hematopoietic system and plays a role in hemin-induced hemoglobinization. FAM46A is a nucleocytoplasmic shuttle protein modified by Tyr-phosphorylation only in the cytosol, where it is closely associated with ER. On the other hand, it is located proximal to the chromatin regions of active transcription in the nucleus. FAM46A is a cell cycle-dependent poly-ubiquitinated short-lived protein degraded mostly by proteasome and its overexpression inhibits cell growth and promotes hemin-induced hemoglobinization in K562 cell. Site-directed mutagenesis experiments confirm the non-canonical poly(A) polymerase activity of FAM46A is essential for enhanced hemin-induced hemoglobinization. In summary, FAM46A is a novel poly(A) polymerase that functions as a critical intracellular modulator of hemoglobinization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsi-Hsien Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Anatomic Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ling Lo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chih Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Yeh Huang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Yu I
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Gin-Wen Chang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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9
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Nachmani D, Bothmer AH, Grisendi S, Mele A, Bothmer D, Lee JD, Monteleone E, Cheng K, Zhang Y, Bester AC, Guzzetti A, Mitchell CA, Mendez LM, Pozdnyakova O, Sportoletti P, Martelli MP, Vulliamy TJ, Safra M, Schwartz S, Luzzatto L, Bluteau O, Soulier J, Darnell RB, Falini B, Dokal I, Ito K, Clohessy JG, Pandolfi PP. Germline NPM1 mutations lead to altered rRNA 2'-O-methylation and cause dyskeratosis congenita. Nat Genet 2019; 51:1518-1529. [PMID: 31570891 PMCID: PMC6858547 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-019-0502-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
RNA modifications are emerging as key determinants of gene expression. However, compelling genetic demonstrations of their relevance to human disease are lacking. Here, we link ribosomal RNA 2'-O-methylation (2'-O-Me) to the etiology of dyskeratosis congenita. We identify nucleophosmin (NPM1) as an essential regulator of 2'-O-Me on rRNA by directly binding C/D box small nucleolar RNAs, thereby modulating translation. We demonstrate the importance of 2'-O-Me-regulated translation for cellular growth, differentiation and hematopoietic stem cell maintenance, and show that Npm1 inactivation in adult hematopoietic stem cells results in bone marrow failure. We identify NPM1 germline mutations in patients with dyskeratosis congenita presenting with bone marrow failure and demonstrate that they are deficient in small nucleolar RNA binding. Mice harboring a dyskeratosis congenita germline Npm1 mutation recapitulate both hematological and nonhematological features of dyskeratosis congenita. Thus, our findings indicate that impaired 2'-O-Me can be etiological to human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphna Nachmani
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anne H Bothmer
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Silvia Grisendi
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aldo Mele
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dietmar Bothmer
- Hochschule Zittau/Görlitz, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Protection, Zittau, Germany
| | - Jonathan D Lee
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emanuele Monteleone
- Molecular Biotechnology Center and Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Ke Cheng
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yang Zhang
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Assaf C Bester
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alison Guzzetti
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Caitlin A Mitchell
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lourdes M Mendez
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Olga Pozdnyakova
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paolo Sportoletti
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maria-Paola Martelli
- Institute of Hematology-Centro di Ricerche Emato-Oncologiche, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Tom J Vulliamy
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Modi Safra
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Schraga Schwartz
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Lucio Luzzatto
- Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Olivier Bluteau
- INSERM UMR944 and CNRS UMR7212, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Jean Soulier
- INSERM UMR944 and CNRS UMR7212, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Robert B Darnell
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brunangelo Falini
- Institute of Hematology-Centro di Ricerche Emato-Oncologiche, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Inderjeet Dokal
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Keisuke Ito
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - John G Clohessy
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pier Paolo Pandolfi
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Mchaourab ZF, Perreault AA, Venters BJ. ChIP-seq and ChIP-exo profiling of Pol II, H2A.Z, and H3K4me3 in human K562 cells. Sci Data 2018; 5:180030. [PMID: 29509191 PMCID: PMC5839155 DOI: 10.1038/sdata.2018.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The human K562 chronic myeloid leukemia cell line has long served as an experimental paradigm for functional genomic studies. To systematically and functionally annotate the human genome, the ENCODE consortium generated hundreds of functional genomic data sets, such as chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled to sequencing (ChIP-seq). While ChIP-seq analyses have provided tremendous insights into gene regulation, spatiotemporal insights were limited by a resolution of several hundred base pairs. ChIP-exonuclease (ChIP-exo) is a refined version of ChIP-seq that overcomes this limitation by providing higher precision mapping of protein-DNA interactions. To study the interplay of transcription initiation and chromatin, we profiled the genome-wide locations for RNA polymerase II (Pol II), the histone variant H2A.Z, and the histone modification H3K4me3 using ChIP-seq and ChIP-exo. In this Data Descriptor, we present detailed information on parallel experimental design, data generation, quality control analysis, and data validation. We discuss how these data lay the foundation for future analysis to understand the relationship between the occupancy of Pol II and nucleosome positions at near base pair resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zenab F. Mchaourab
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Andrea A. Perreault
- Chemical and Physical Biology Program at Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Bryan J. Venters
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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11
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Shiraishi M, Yamamoto Y, Hirooka N, Obuchi Y, Tachibana S, Makishima M, Tanaka Y. A high concentration of triiodothyronine attenuates the stimulatory effect on hemin-induced erythroid differentiation of human erythroleukemia K562 cells. Endocr J 2015; 62:431-40. [PMID: 25787723 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej14-0427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Although thyroid hormone is a known stimulator of erythropoietic differentiation, severe anemia is sometimes observed in patients with hyperthyroidism and this mechanism is not fully understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of triiodothyronine (T3) on hemin-induced erythropoiesis. Human erythroleukemia K562 cells were used as an erythroid differentiation model. Cell differentiation was induced by hemin and the effect of pre-incubation with T3 (0.1 to 100 nM) was analyzed by measuring the benzidine-positive rate, hemoglobin content, CD71 expression (transferrin receptor), and mRNA expression for transcription factors related to erythropoiesis and thyroid hormone receptors (TRs). Hemin, a promoter of erythroid differentiation, increased the levels of mRNAs for TRα, TRβ, and retinoid X receptor α (RXRα), as well as those for nuclear factor-erythroid 2 (NFE2), GATA-binding protein 1 (GATA1) and GATA-binding protein 2 (GATA2). Lower concentrations of T3 had a stimulatory effect on hemin-induced hemoglobin production (1 and 10 nM), CD71 expression (0.1 nM), and α-globin mRNA expression (1 nM), while a higher concentration of T3 (100 nM) abrogated the stimulatory effect on these parameters. T3 at 100 nM did not affect cell viability and proliferation, suggesting that the abrogation of erythropoiesis enhancement was not due to toxicity. T3 at 100 nM also significantly inhibited expression of GATA2 and RXRα mRNA, compared to 1 nM T3. We conclude that a high concentration of T3 attenuates the classical stimulatory effect on erythropoiesis exerted by a low concentration of T3 in hemin-induced K562 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mieno Shiraishi
- Department of General Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa 359-8513, Japan
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12
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BMS-777607 promotes megakaryocytic differentiation and induces polyploidization in the CHRF-288-11 cells. Hum Cell 2014; 28:65-72. [PMID: 25304900 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-014-0102-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Introduction of a polyploidy inducer is a promising strategy to achieve a high level of polyploidization during megakaryocytic (MK) differentiation. Here, we report that a multi-kinase inhibitor, BMS-777607, is a potent polyploidy inducer for elevating high ploidy cell formation in the MK-differentiated CHRF-288-11 (CHRF) cells. Our result showed that BMS-777607 strongly inhibited cell division without affecting cell viability when detected at day 1 after treatment. As a consequence, the high ploidy (≥8N) cells were accumulated in culture for 8 days, with an increase from 16.2 to 75.2 % of the total cell population. The elevated polyploidization was accompanied by the increased expression level of MK marker, CD41 (platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa, GPIIb/IIIa), suggesting that BMS-777607 promoted both polyploidization and commitment of MK-differentiated CHRF cells. Platelet-like fragments (PFs) were released by mature CHRF cells. Based on a flow cytometry assay, it was found that the PFs produced from BMS-777607-treated cells tended to have larger size and higher expression of GPIIb/IIIa, a receptor for platelet adhesion. Taken together, these results suggested that BMS-777607 promoted MK differentiation of CHRF cells and increased the functional property of platelet-like fragments.
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13
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Li H, Xie W, Gore ER, Montoute MN, Bee WT, Zappacosta F, Zeng X, Wu Z, Kallal L, Ames RS, Pope AJ, Benowitz A, Erickson-Miller CL. Development of phenotypic screening assays for γ-globin induction using primary human bone marrow day 7 erythroid progenitor cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 18:1212-22. [PMID: 24163393 DOI: 10.1177/1087057113499776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is a genetic disorder of the β-globin gene. SCA results in chronic ischemia with pain and tissue injury. The extent of SCA symptoms can be ameliorated by treatment with drugs, which result in increasing the levels of γ-globin in patient red blood cells. Hydroxyurea (HU) is a Food and Drug Administration-approved drug for SCA, but it has dose-limiting toxicity, and patients exhibit highly variable treatment responses. To identify compounds that may lead to the development of better and safer medicines, we have established a method using primary human bone marrow day 7 erythroid progenitor cells (EPCs) to screen for compounds that induce γ-globin production. First, human marrow CD34(+) cells were cultured and expanded for 7 days and characterized for the expression of erythroid differentiation markers (CD71, CD36, and CD235a). Second, fresh or cryopreserved EPCs were treated with compounds for 3 days in 384-well plates followed by γ-globin quantification by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), which was validated using HU and decitabine. From the 7408 compounds screened, we identified at least one new compound with confirmed γ-globin-inducing activity. Hits are undergoing analysis in secondary assays. In this article, we describe the method of generating fit-for-purpose EPCs; the development, optimization, and validation of the ELISA and secondary assays for γ-globin detection; and screening results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Li
- 1Molecular Discovery Research, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
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14
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YBX1 expression and function in early hematopoiesis and leukemic cells. Immunogenetics 2011; 63:337-50. [DOI: 10.1007/s00251-011-0517-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2010] [Accepted: 02/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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15
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Ogino T, Ozaki M, Matsukawa A. Oxidative stress enhances granulocytic differentiation in HL 60 cells, an acute promyelocytic leukemia cell line. Free Radic Res 2010; 44:1328-37. [DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2010.503757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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16
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Desuzinges-Mandon E, Arnaud O, Martinez L, Huché F, Di Pietro A, Falson P. ABCG2 transports and transfers heme to albumin through its large extracellular loop. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:33123-33133. [PMID: 20705604 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.139170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
ABCG2 is an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter preferentially expressed by immature human hematopoietic progenitors. Due to its role in drug resistance, its expression has been correlated with a protection role against protoporhyrin IX (PPIX) accumulation in stem cells under hypoxic conditions. We show here that zinc mesoporphyrin, a validated fluorescent heme analog, is transported by ABCG2. We also show that the ABCG2 large extracellular loop ECL3 constitutes a porphyrin-binding domain, which strongly interacts with heme, hemin, PPIX, ZnPPIX, CoPPIX, and much less efficiently with pheophorbide a, but not with vitamin B12. K(d) values are in the range 0.5-3.5 μm, with heme displaying the highest affinity. Nonporphyrin substrates of ABCG2, such as mitoxantrone, doxo/daunorubicin, and riboflavin, do not bind to ECL3. Single-point mutations H583A and C603A inside ECL3 prevent the binding of hemin but hardly affect that of iron-free PPIX. The extracellular location of ECL3 downstream from the transport sites suggests that, after membrane translocation, hemin is transferred to ECL3, which is strategically positioned to release the bound porphyrin to extracellular partners. We show here that human serum albumin could be one of these possible partners as it removes hemin bound to ECL3 and interacts with ABCG2, with a K(d) of about 3 μm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Desuzinges-Mandon
- From the ABC Transporters and Multidrug Resistance Laboratory, "Equipe Labellisée Ligue 2009," Institute of Protein Biology and Chemistry, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5086 CNRS-Université Lyon 1, IFR 128 Lyon, France
| | - Ophélie Arnaud
- From the ABC Transporters and Multidrug Resistance Laboratory, "Equipe Labellisée Ligue 2009," Institute of Protein Biology and Chemistry, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5086 CNRS-Université Lyon 1, IFR 128 Lyon, France
| | - Lorena Martinez
- From the ABC Transporters and Multidrug Resistance Laboratory, "Equipe Labellisée Ligue 2009," Institute of Protein Biology and Chemistry, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5086 CNRS-Université Lyon 1, IFR 128 Lyon, France
| | - Frédéric Huché
- From the ABC Transporters and Multidrug Resistance Laboratory, "Equipe Labellisée Ligue 2009," Institute of Protein Biology and Chemistry, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5086 CNRS-Université Lyon 1, IFR 128 Lyon, France
| | - Attilio Di Pietro
- From the ABC Transporters and Multidrug Resistance Laboratory, "Equipe Labellisée Ligue 2009," Institute of Protein Biology and Chemistry, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5086 CNRS-Université Lyon 1, IFR 128 Lyon, France
| | - Pierre Falson
- From the ABC Transporters and Multidrug Resistance Laboratory, "Equipe Labellisée Ligue 2009," Institute of Protein Biology and Chemistry, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5086 CNRS-Université Lyon 1, IFR 128 Lyon, France.
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17
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Wong S, Keyvanfar K, Wan Z, Kajigaya S, Young NS, Zhi N. Establishment of an erythroid cell line from primary CD36+ erythroid progenitor cells. Exp Hematol 2010; 38:994-1005.e1-2. [PMID: 20696208 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2010.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2009] [Revised: 07/05/2010] [Accepted: 07/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Most continuous cell lines with erythroid characteristics are derived from patients with myelogenous leukemia or erythroleukemia. Among them, a few cell lines have been reported to be positive for CD36. We tried to establish a continuous erythroid cell line from the primary CD36(+) erythroid progenitor cells (EPCs) by the lentivirus-mediated gene transduction system. MATERIALS AND METHODS A lentiviral vector carrying SV40T, hTERT, or the human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) E6 and E7 (E6/E7) viral oncogenes, was introduced into CD36(+) EPCs, singularly or combined. Transformed cells were characterized in terms of histology, phenotype, karyotype, and gene expression profile. RESULTS The lentiviral vector carrying HPV16 E6/E7 genes successfully transformed CD36(+) EPCs, creating a continuous cell line, CD36E. Immunophenotype analysis revealed that the CD36E cells had characteristics of erythroid progenitors, among which about 27% of the cell population produced hemoglobin. Colony-forming cell assay demonstrated that the CD36E cells were capable of forming erythroid colonies. Using cytokines or chemical agents, attempts were made to induce differentiation of the CD36E cells but were ineffective, indicating the irreversible erythroid lineage commitment of the cells. The gene expression profile of the CD36E cells displayed a marked difference from that of the CD36(+) EPCs. CONCLUSIONS The continuous CD36E cell line is an erythroid progenitor cell line possessing the ability to produce hemoglobin. The CD36E cell line would be an excellent tool for applied research involving erythroid lineage cells and comparative studies with primary CD36(+) EPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Wong
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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18
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Sztiller-Sikorska M, Jakubowska J, Wozniak M, Stasiak M, Czyz M. A non-apoptotic function of caspase-3 in pharmacologically-induced differentiation of K562 cells. Br J Pharmacol 2009; 157:1451-62. [PMID: 19627286 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2009.00333.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Several anticancer drugs with diverse chemical structures can induce differentiation of cancer cells. This study was undertaken to explore the potential contribution of caspase-3 to pharmacologically-induced differentiation of K562 cells. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We assessed differentiation by measuring the expression of glycophorin A and haemoglobin synthesis in K562 cells treated with low concentrations of doxorubicin, hydroxyurea, cytosine arabinoside, cisplatin and haemin. Caspase-3 activation, mitochondrial membrane potential dissipation and viability were assessed by FACS. GATA-1-binding activity was evaluated by EMSA. KEY RESULTS Treatment of K562 cells with low concentrations of the tested drugs activated caspase-3 but did not trigger detectable apoptosis. Instead, elevated levels of haemoglobin-positive and glycophorin A/caspase-3-double-positive cells were observed, suggesting involvement of caspase-3 in drug-induced differentiation. Inhibition of caspase-3 activity significantly reduced the ability of K562 cells to execute the differentiation programme. Mitochondrial membrane potential dissipation was observed, indicating involvement of the mitochondrial pathway. Binding activity of GATA-1, transcription factor responsible for differentiation and cell survival, was not diminished by increased caspase-3 activity during drug-stimulated differentiation. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our results could explain how anticancer drugs, with diverse structures and modes of action, can stimulate erythroid differentiation in leukaemic cells with appropriate genetic backgrounds. Our findings imply that some similarities exist between pharmacologically-induced differentiation of erythroleukaemic cells and normal erythropoiesis, both involving caspase-3 activation at high levels of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-X(L) and chaperone protein Hsp70 (heat shock protein 70). Therefore, the functions of caspase-3, unrelated to cell death, can be extended to pharmacologically-induced differentiation of some cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sztiller-Sikorska
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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Huo XF, Yu J, Peng H, Du ZW, Liu XL, Ma YN, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Zhao HL, Zhang JW. Differential expression changes in K562 cells during the hemin-induced erythroid differentiation and the phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)-induced megakaryocytic differentiation. Mol Cell Biochem 2006; 292:155-67. [PMID: 16786195 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-006-9229-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2006] [Accepted: 05/11/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
K562 cell line has been used as a model of common progenitor of erythroblasts and magakaryocytes and can be differentiated into erythroid and megakaryocytic lineages by hemin and phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) respectively. We analyzed mRNA expression in un-induced, hemin-induced and PMA-induced K562 cells by differential display reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (DDRT-PCR) method. 314 differential expression sequence tags (ESTs) were obtained. Among them, 201 ESTs displayed up-regulation and 85 ESTs down-regulation after hemin induction, 186 ESTs showed up-regulation and 72 ESTs down-regulation after PMA induction. The differentially expressed genes included those encoding transcription factors, signaling factors, apoptosis-associated factors and others. 45 of these ESTs stand for genes whose open reading frames were found but whose functions remain unknown. 4 ESTs represent possibly new genes. Furthermore we compared differences of gene expression during hemin-induced erythroid differentiation and PMA-induced megakaryocytic differentiation and found that the expressional changes of some transcription factors and metabolism proteins are the common but the expressional changes of some signal pathways in these two differentiation processes are different. These results suggested that erythroid differentiation and megakaryocytic differentiation are associated in activation and repression of different signal pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Fang Huo
- National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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20
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Kucukkaya B, Arslan DO, Kan B. Role of G proteins and ERK activation in hemin-induced erythroid differentiation of K562 cells. Life Sci 2006; 78:1217-24. [PMID: 16216279 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2005.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2005] [Accepted: 06/22/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Heterotrimeric G proteins which couple extracellular signals to intracellular effectors play a central role in cell growth and differentiation. The pluripotent erythroleukemic cell line K562 that acquires the capability to synthesize hemoglobin in response to a variety of agents can be used as a model system for erythroid differentiation. Using Western blot analysis and RT-PCR, we studied alterations in G protein expression accompanying hemin-induced differentiation of K562 cells. We demonstrated the presence of G(alpha s), G(alpha i2) and G(alpha q) and the absence of G(alpha i1), G(alpha o) and G(alpha 16) in K562 cells. We observed the short form of G(alpha s) to be expressed predominantly in these cells. Treatment of K562 cells with hemin resulted in an increase in the levels of G(alpha s) and G(alpha q). On the other hand, the level of G(alpha i2) was found to increase on the third day after induction with hemin, followed by a decrease to levels lower of those of uninduced cells. The mitogen-activated protein kinase ERK1/2 pathway is crucial in the control of cell proliferation and differentiation. Both Gi- and Gq-coupled receptors stimulate MAPK activation. We therefore examined the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 during hemin-induced differentiation of K562 cells. Using anti-ERK1/2 antibodies, we observed that ERK2 was primarily phosphorylated in K562 cells. ERK2 phosphorylation increased gradually until 48 h and returned to basal values by 96 h following hemin treatment. Our results suggest that changes in G protein expression and ERK2 activity are involved in hemin-induced differentiation of K562 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahire Kucukkaya
- Marmara University School of Medicine, Department of Biophysics, Tibbiye Caddesi No 49, Haydarpasa, 34668, Istanbul, Turkey
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21
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Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate prevents apoptosis in erythroleukemia K562 cells induced by some nucleosides. Russ J Dev Biol 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s11174-005-0003-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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22
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Li CY, Zhan YQ, Xu CW, Xu WX, Wang SY, Lv J, Zhou Y, Yue PB, Chen B, Yang XM. EDAG regulates the proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic cells and resists cell apoptosis through the activation of nuclear factor-κB. Cell Death Differ 2004; 11:1299-308. [PMID: 15332117 DOI: 10.1038/sj.cdd.4401490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Erythroid differentiation-associated gene (EDAG) is considered to be a human hematopoiesis-specific gene. Here, we reported that downregulation of EDAG protein in K562 cells resulted in inhibition of growth and colony formation, and enhancement of sensitivity to erythroid differentiation induced by hemin. Overexpression of EDAG in HL-60 cells significantly blocked the expression of the monocyte/macrophage differentiation marker CD11b after pentahydroxytiglia myristate acetate induction. Moreover, overexpression of EDAG in pro-B Ba/F3 cells prolonged survival and increased the expression of c-Myc, Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL in the absence of interleukin-3 (IL-3). Furthermore, we showed that EDAG enhanced the transcriptional activity of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B), and high DNA-binding activity of NF-kappa B was sustained in Ba/F3 EDAG cells after IL-3 was withdrawn. Inhibition of NF-kappa B activity resulted in promoting Ba/F3 EDAG cells death. These results suggest that EDAG regulates the proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic cells and resists cell apoptosis through the activation of NF-kappa B.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Y Li
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, PR China
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23
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Huang CC, Hall AC, Lim PH. Induction of calcium-activated potassium channel activity by hemin in human erythroleukemia cells. Life Sci 2004; 75:329-38. [PMID: 15135653 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2003.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2003] [Accepted: 12/16/2003] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The agent hemin has been demonstrated to be able to initiate a coordinated differentiation program in several cell types. In the present study, we examined the ability of hemin on inducing cell differentiation and Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channel activity in erythroleukemic K562 cells. Treating undifferentiated K562 cells with hemin (0.1 mM) for five days caused these cells to display differentiation-like characteristics including chromatin aggregation, nuclear degradation, pseudopod extension of the membrane and increased hemoglobin production. However, overall cell viability was not significantly changed by the presence of hemin. After hemin treatment for different periods, the Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channel was activated by the addition of ionomycin (1 microM), and was inhibited by either clotrimazole, charybdotoxin, or EGTA. Before hemin treatment there was no significant Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channel activity present in undifferentiated K562 cells. After hemin treatment for 5 days, a significant Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channel activity was detected. This increasing Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channel activity may be contributed from a subtype of Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channel, KCNN4. These results suggest that the ability of hemin to induce increasing Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channel activity may contribute to the mechanism of hemin-induced K562 cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiun-Chien Huang
- Department of Physiology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40203, Taiwan, ROC.
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Larsen RD, Schønau A, Thisted M, Petersen KH, Lohse J, Christensen B, Philip J, Pluzek KJ. Detection of gamma-globin mRNA in fetal nucleated red blood cells by PNA fluorescence in situ hybridization. Prenat Diagn 2003; 23:52-9. [PMID: 12533814 DOI: 10.1002/pd.520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Fetal nucleated red blood cells (NRBC) that enter the peripheral blood of the mother are suitable for non-invasive prenatal diagnosis. The application of peptide nucleic acid (PNA) probes for tyramide amplified flow fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) detection of gamma-globin mRNA in fixed fetal NRBC is investigated. METHODS Hemin-induced K562 cells or nucleated blood cells (NBC) from male cord blood were mixed with NBC from non-pregnant women and analysed using both slide and flow FISH protocols. Post-chorionic villus sampling (CVS) blood samples from pregnant females carrying male fetuses were flow-sorted (2 x 10(6) NBC/sample). Y chromosome-specific PNA FISH was used to confirm that the identified gamma-globin mRNA stained cells were of fetal origin. RESULTS Flow FISH isolated gamma-globin mRNA positive NBCs showing characteristic cytoplasmic staining were all Y positive. The amplification system generated a population of false positive cells that were, however, easy to distinguish from the NRBCs in the microscope. CONCLUSION The gamma-globin mRNA specific PNA probes can be used for detection and isolation of fetal NRBCs from maternal blood. The method has additional potential for the study of gamma-globin mRNA levels or the frequency of adult NRBC (F cells) in patients with hemoglobinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasmus Dines Larsen
- DakoCytomation A/S, Produktionsvej 42, DK-2600 Glostrup, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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25
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Baliga BS, Pace BS, Chen HH, Shah AK, Yang YM. Mechanism for fetal hemoglobin induction by hydroxyurea in sickle cell erythroid progenitors. Am J Hematol 2000; 65:227-33. [PMID: 11074540 DOI: 10.1002/1096-8652(200011)65:3<227::aid-ajh9>3.0.co;2-v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxyurea (HU) is a widely used cytotoxic agent that is known to induce fetal hemoglobin (HbF) production and is presently used to ameliorate the severity of pain episodes in patients with sickle cell anemia (HbSS). Previously we have shown that HU inhibits growth of burst forming unit-erythroid (BFU-E) colonies in a dose-dependent manner, while fetal hemoglobin levels were increased. In the present report, we extended our analysis demonstrating the number of S phase cells is significantly higher for HbSS patients that respond to HU therapy. Studies were completed in vitro using erythroid progenitors derived from umbilical cord samples or peripheral blood from patients with HbS-hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin (HbS-HPFH) or HbSS disease. The effect of HU on (a) S phase erythroid progenitors, (b) BFU-E colony growth, (c) HbF levels in BFU-E colonies, and (d) total cellular RNA synthesis was analyzed in vitro for the three groups. The level of S phase erythroid progenitors was similar for all three groups and BFU-E colony growth was inhibited 92-94% for all samples in a dose-dependent manner. The HbF levels were increased in BFU-E colonies from HbSS patients (control, 4.0% +/- 1.15% vs. +HU, 22.67% +/- 2.03%) whereas HbF levels were decreased in BFU-E colonies derived from umbilical cord samples (control, 80% +/- 9.07% vs. +HU, 35.7% +/- 4.81%) or HbS-HPFH patients (control, 49.67% +/- 3.84% vs. +HU, 23.3% +/- 0.88%). Total RNA synthesis measured by 3H-uridine incorporation increased with increasing concentrations of HU; however, actinomycin D inhibited HU-induced RNA synthesis. These results suggest that HU can inhibit an active globin gene without preference and that newly synthesized RNA is under transcriptional control mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Baliga
- Department of Pediatrics and Comprehensive Sickle Cell Center, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile 36617, USA
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26
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Loflin P, Chen CY, Shyu AB. Unraveling a cytoplasmic role for hnRNP D in the in vivo mRNA destabilization directed by the AU-rich element. Genes Dev 1999; 13:1884-97. [PMID: 10421639 PMCID: PMC316883 DOI: 10.1101/gad.13.14.1884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
AU-rich RNA-destabilizing elements (AREs) have become a paradigm for studying cytoplasmic mRNA turnover in mammalian cells. Though many RNA-binding proteins have been shown to bind to AREs in vitro, trans-acting factors that participate in the in vivo destabilization of cytoplasmic RNA by AREs remains unknown. Experiments were performed to investigate the cellular mechanisms and to identify potential trans-acting factors for ARE-directed mRNA decay. These experiments identified hnRNP D, a heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) capable of shuttling between the nucleus and cytoplasm, as an RNA destabilizing protein in vivo in ARE-mediated rapid mRNA decay. Our results show that the ARE destabilizing function is dramatically impeded during hemin-induced erythroid differentiation and not in TPA-induced megakaryocytic differentiation of human erythroleukemic K562 cells. A sequestration of hnRNP D into a hemin-induced protein complex, termed hemin-regulated factor or HRF, correlates well with the loss of ARE-destabilizing function in the cytoplasm. Further experiments show that in hemin-treated cells, ectopic expression of hnRNP D restores the rapid decay directed by the ARE. The extent of destabilizing effect varies among the four isoforms of hnRNP D, with p37 and p42 displaying the most profound effect. These results demonstrate a specific cytoplasmic function for hnRNP D as an RNA-destabilizing protein in ARE-mediated decay pathway. These in vivo findings support an emerging idea that shuttling hnRNP proteins have not only a nuclear but also a cytoplasmic function in mRNA metabolism. The data further imply that shuttling hnRNP proteins define, at least in part, the nuclear history of individual mRNAs and thereby influence their cytoplasmic fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Loflin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Houston Health Science Center, Medical School, Houston, Texas 77030 USA
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27
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Neri LM, Raymond Y, Giordano A, Capitani S, Martelli AM. Lamin A is part of the internal nucleoskeleton of human erythroleukemia cells. J Cell Physiol 1999; 178:284-95. [PMID: 9989774 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-4652(199903)178:3<284::aid-jcp2>3.0.co;2-p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear lamins are the most abundant components of the nuclear lamina, a 10-50-nm-thick fibrous layer underlying the inner nuclear envelope membrane. Nevertheless, a number of recent investigations performed on epithelial and fibroblast cells have suggested that nuclear lamins are also present within the nucleoplasm and could be important constituents of the nucleoskeleton. We have studied the subnuclear distribution of lamins A and B1 in human erythroleukemia cells by using immunoblotting analysis and immunofluorescent staining of fractionated nuclei. In intact cells and isolated nuclei, antibodies to lamins A and B1 mainly stained the nuclear periphery, although some immunoreactivity was detected in the nuclear interior. However, when chromatin was removed by nuclease digestion and extraction with nonionic detergent or solutions of high ionic strength, a previously masked immunoreactivity for lamin A, but not for lamin B1, became evident in the internal part of the residual structures representing the nuclear matrix or scaffold. Preferential localization of lamin A to the inner part of the nucleus was also demonstrated by the presence of the majority of lamin A in the solubilized inner nuclear network subfraction. In contrast, lamin B1 was mainly recovered in the fraction corresponding to the nuclear periphery. Double labeling experiments showed that lamin A, but not lamin B1, colocalized with coiled and GATA-1 bodies. Thus, our results support the hypothesis that lamin A, but not lamin B1, may be a component of an internal nucleoskeleton in human erythroleukemia cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Neri
- Dipartimento di Morfologia ed Embriologia, Università di Ferrara, Italy
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28
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Schwenke K, Peterson HP, Wangenheim KH, Feinendegen LE. Induction of differentiation in erythroleukemic K562 cells by gamma-irradiation. Leuk Res 1995; 19:955-61. [PMID: 8632665 DOI: 10.1016/0145-2126(95)00096-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Various agents have been shown to induce differentiation in neoplastic cells. The present study aimed at investigating comparable phenomena induced by high doses of gamma-irradiation in the presence of physiological factors. The erythroleukemic K562 cells were gamma-irradiated or treated with cytosine-arabinoside (Ara-C), and examined for cell size, protein content, acetylcholinesterase (AChE)-activity and hemoglobin synthesis in relation to mitotic activity. At doses above 10 Gy, differentiation was induced, as recognized by elevated AChE-activity, accompanied by an increase in cell size and protein content and cessation of cell proliferation. Moreover, irradiation, as well as Ara-C, induced hemoglobin synthesis when cultures were supplemented with hemin prior to treatment. It is suggested that the basic mechanisms of differentiation induction are similar for ionizing radiation and certain chemical agents and are related to continued growth of essential cytoplasmic constituents during inhibition of mitotic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Schwenke
- Institute of Medicine, Research Center Jülich GmbH, Germany
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29
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Baliga BS, Shah AK, Yang YM. The role of a 70 kDa nuclear protein in fetal haemoglobin synthesis in K562 cells. Cell Prolif 1994. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2184.1994.tb01382.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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