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Bandyopadhyay A, Ghibhela B, Mandal BB. Current advances in engineering meniscal tissues: insights into 3D printing, injectable hydrogels and physical stimulation based strategies. Biofabrication 2024; 16:022006. [PMID: 38277686 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ad22f0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
The knee meniscus is the cushioning fibro-cartilage tissue present in between the femoral condyles and tibial plateau of the knee joint. It is largely avascular in nature and suffers from a wide range of tears and injuries caused by accidents, trauma, active lifestyle of the populace and old age of individuals. Healing of the meniscus is especially difficult due to its avascularity and hence requires invasive arthroscopic approaches such as surgical resection, suturing or implantation. Though various tissue engineering approaches are proposed for the treatment of meniscus tears, three-dimensional (3D) printing/bioprinting, injectable hydrogels and physical stimulation involving modalities are gaining forefront in the past decade. A plethora of new printing approaches such as direct light photopolymerization and volumetric printing, injectable biomaterials loaded with growth factors and physical stimulation such as low-intensity ultrasound approaches are being added to the treatment portfolio along with the contemporary tear mitigation measures. This review discusses on the necessary design considerations, approaches for 3D modeling and design practices for meniscal tear treatments within the scope of tissue engineering and regeneration. Also, the suitable materials, cell sources, growth factors, fixation and lubrication strategies, mechanical stimulation approaches, 3D printing strategies and injectable hydrogels for meniscal tear management have been elaborated. We have also summarized potential technologies and the potential framework that could be the herald of the future of meniscus tissue engineering and repair approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Bandyopadhyay
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Baishali Ghibhela
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Biman B Mandal
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
- Jyoti and Bhupat Mehta School of Health Sciences and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
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Guilak F, Estes BT, Moutos FT. Functional tissue engineering of articular cartilage for biological joint resurfacing-The 2021 Elizabeth Winston Lanier Kappa Delta Award. J Orthop Res 2022; 40:1721-1734. [PMID: 34812518 PMCID: PMC9124734 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Biological resurfacing of entire articular surfaces represents a challenging strategy for the treatment of cartilage degeneration that occurs in osteoarthritis. Not only does this approach require anatomically sized and functional engineered cartilage, but the inflammatory environment within an arthritic joint may also inhibit chondrogenesis and induce degradation of native and engineered cartilage. Here, we present the culmination of multiple avenues of interdisciplinary research leading to the development and testing of bioartificial cartilage for tissue-engineered resurfacing of the hip joint. The work is based on a novel three-dimensional weaving technology that is infiltrated with specific bioinductive materials and/or genetically-engineered stem cells. A variety of design approaches have been tested in vitro, showing biomimetic cartilage-like properties as well as the capability for long-term tunable and inducible drug delivery. Importantly, these cartilage constructs have the potential to provide mechanical functionality immediately upon implantation, as they will need to replace a majority, if not the entire joint surface to restore function. To date, these approaches have shown excellent preclinical success in a variety of animal studies, including the resurfacing of a large osteochondral defect in the canine hip, and are now well-poised for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farshid Guilak
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA,Shriners Hospitals for Children – St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA,Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA,Cytex Therapeutics, Inc., Durham, NC, USA
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Alcala-Orozco CR, Cui X, Hooper GJ, Lim KS, Woodfield TB. Converging functionality: Strategies for 3D hybrid-construct biofabrication and the role of composite biomaterials for skeletal regeneration. Acta Biomater 2021; 132:188-216. [PMID: 33713862 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The evolution of additive manufacturing (AM) technologies, biomaterial development and our increasing understanding of cell biology has created enormous potential for the development of personalized regenerative therapies. In the context of skeletal tissue engineering, physical and biological demands play key roles towards successful construct implantation and the achievement of bone, cartilage and blood vessel tissue formation. Nevertheless, meeting such physical and biological demands to mimic the complexity of human tissues and their functionality is still a significant ongoing challenge. Recent studies have demonstrated that combination of AM technologies and advanced biomaterials has great potential towards skeletal tissue engineering. This review aims to analyze how the most prominent technologies and discoveries in the field converge towards the development of advanced constructs for skeletal regeneration. Particular attention is placed on hybrid biofabrication strategies, combining bioinks for cell delivery with biomaterial inks providing physical support. Hybrid biofabrication has been the focus of recent emerging strategies, however there has been limited review and analysis of these techniques and the challenges involved. Furthermore, we have identified that there are multiple hybrid fabrication strategies, here we present a category system where each strategy is reviewed highlighting their distinct advantages, challenges and potential applications. In addition, bioinks and biomaterial inks are the main components of the hybrid biofabrication strategies, where it is recognized that such platforms still lack optimal physical and biological functionality. Thus, this review also explores the development of composite materials specifically targeting the enhancement of physical and biological functionality towards improved skeletal tissue engineering. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Biofabrication strategies capable of recreating the complexity of native tissues could open new clinical possibilities towards patient-specific regenerative therapies and disease models. Several reviews target the existing additive manufacturing (AM) technologies that may be utilised for biomedical purposes. However, this work presents a unique perspective, describing how such AM technologies have been recently translated towards hybrid fabrication strategies, targeting the fabrication of constructs with converging physical and biological properties. Furthermore, we address composite bioinks and biomaterial inks that have been engineered to overcome traditional limitations, and might be applied to the hybrid fabrication strategies outlined. This work offers ample perspectives and insights into the current and future challenges for the fabrication of skeletal tissues aiming towards clinical and biomedical applications.
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Engineering large, anatomically shaped osteochondral constructs with robust interfacial shear properties. NPJ Regen Med 2021; 6:42. [PMID: 34362933 PMCID: PMC8346478 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-021-00152-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the prevalence of large (>5 cm2) articular cartilage defects involving underlying bone, current tissue-engineered therapies only address small defects. Tissue-engineered, anatomically shaped, native-like implants may address the need for off-the-shelf, tissue-repairing therapies for large cartilage lesions. This study fabricated an osteochondral construct of translationally relevant geometry with robust functional properties. Scaffold-free, self-assembled neocartilage served as the chondral phase, and porous hydroxyapatite served as the osseous phase of the osteochondral constructs. Constructs in the shape and size of an ovine femoral condyle (31 × 14 mm) were assembled at day 4 (early) or day 10 (late) of neocartilage maturation. Early osteochondral assembly increased the interfacial interdigitation depth by 244%, interdigitation frequency by 438%, interfacial shear modulus by 243-fold, and ultimate interfacial shear strength by 4.9-fold, compared to late assembly. Toward the development of a bioprosthesis for the repair of cartilage lesions encompassing up to an entire condylar surface, this study generated a large, anatomically shaped osteochondral construct with robust interfacial mechanical properties and native-like neocartilage interdigitation.
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5
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Strategies for inclusion of growth factors into 3D printed bone grafts. Essays Biochem 2021; 65:569-585. [PMID: 34156062 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20200130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
There remains a critical need to develop new technologies and materials that can meet the demands of treating large bone defects. The advancement of 3-dimensional (3D) printing technologies has allowed the creation of personalized and customized bone grafts, with specific control in both macro- and micro-architecture, and desired mechanical properties. Nevertheless, the biomaterials used for the production of these bone grafts often possess poor biological properties. The incorporation of growth factors (GFs), which are the natural orchestrators of the physiological healing process, into 3D printed bone grafts, represents a promising strategy to achieve the bioactivity required to enhance bone regeneration. In this review, the possible strategies used to incorporate GFs to 3D printed constructs are presented with a specific focus on bone regeneration. In particular, the strengths and limitations of different methods, such as physical and chemical cross-linking, which are currently used to incorporate GFs to the engineered constructs are critically reviewed. Different strategies used to present one or more GFs to achieve simultaneous angiogenesis and vasculogenesis for enhanced bone regeneration are also covered in this review. In addition, the possibility of combining several manufacturing approaches to fabricate hybrid constructs, which better mimic the complexity of biological niches, is presented. Finally, the clinical relevance of these approaches and the future steps that should be taken are discussed.
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Mota C, Camarero-Espinosa S, Baker MB, Wieringa P, Moroni L. Bioprinting: From Tissue and Organ Development to in Vitro Models. Chem Rev 2020; 120:10547-10607. [PMID: 32407108 PMCID: PMC7564098 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Bioprinting techniques have been flourishing in the field of biofabrication with pronounced and exponential developments in the past years. Novel biomaterial inks used for the formation of bioinks have been developed, allowing the manufacturing of in vitro models and implants tested preclinically with a certain degree of success. Furthermore, incredible advances in cell biology, namely, in pluripotent stem cells, have also contributed to the latest milestones where more relevant tissues or organ-like constructs with a certain degree of functionality can already be obtained. These incredible strides have been possible with a multitude of multidisciplinary teams around the world, working to make bioprinted tissues and organs more relevant and functional. Yet, there is still a long way to go until these biofabricated constructs will be able to reach the clinics. In this review, we summarize the main bioprinting activities linking them to tissue and organ development and physiology. Most bioprinting approaches focus on mimicking fully matured tissues. Future bioprinting strategies might pursue earlier developmental stages of tissues and organs. The continuous convergence of the experts in the fields of material sciences, cell biology, engineering, and many other disciplines will gradually allow us to overcome the barriers identified on the demanding path toward manufacturing and adoption of tissue and organ replacements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Mota
- Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration,
MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra Camarero-Espinosa
- Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration,
MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Matthew B. Baker
- Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration,
MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Wieringa
- Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration,
MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Lorenzo Moroni
- Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration,
MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Lim KS, Galarraga JH, Cui X, Lindberg GCJ, Burdick JA, Woodfield TBF. Fundamentals and Applications of Photo-Cross-Linking in Bioprinting. Chem Rev 2020; 120:10662-10694. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Khoon S. Lim
- Christchurch Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering (CReaTE) Group, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Musculoskeletal Medicine, Centre for Bioengineering & Nanomedicine, University of Otago, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand
- Medical Technologies Centre of Research Excellence (MedTech CoRE), Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Jonathan H. Galarraga
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Xiaolin Cui
- Christchurch Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering (CReaTE) Group, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Musculoskeletal Medicine, Centre for Bioengineering & Nanomedicine, University of Otago, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand
- Medical Technologies Centre of Research Excellence (MedTech CoRE), Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Gabriella C. J. Lindberg
- Christchurch Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering (CReaTE) Group, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Musculoskeletal Medicine, Centre for Bioengineering & Nanomedicine, University of Otago, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand
- Medical Technologies Centre of Research Excellence (MedTech CoRE), Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Jason A. Burdick
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Tim B. F. Woodfield
- Christchurch Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering (CReaTE) Group, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Musculoskeletal Medicine, Centre for Bioengineering & Nanomedicine, University of Otago, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand
- Medical Technologies Centre of Research Excellence (MedTech CoRE), Auckland 1010, New Zealand
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8
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Jain S, Fuoco T, Yassin MA, Mustafa K, Finne-Wistrand A. Printability and Critical Insight into Polymer Properties during Direct-Extrusion Based 3D Printing of Medical Grade Polylactide and Copolyesters. Biomacromolecules 2019; 21:388-396. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b01112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shubham Jain
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen, 56-58, SE 10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tiziana Fuoco
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen, 56-58, SE 10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mohammed A. Yassin
- Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Norway, Årstadveien 19, 5009 Bergen, Norway
| | - Kamal Mustafa
- Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Norway, Årstadveien 19, 5009 Bergen, Norway
| | - Anna Finne-Wistrand
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen, 56-58, SE 10044 Stockholm, Sweden
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Bittner SM, Guo JL, Melchiorri A, Mikos AG. Three-dimensional Printing of Multilayered Tissue Engineering Scaffolds. MATERIALS TODAY (KIDLINGTON, ENGLAND) 2018; 21:861-874. [PMID: 30450010 PMCID: PMC6233733 DOI: 10.1016/j.mattod.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The field of tissue engineering has produced new therapies for the repair of damaged tissues and organs, utilizing biomimetic scaffolds that mirror the mechanical and biological properties of host tissue. The emergence of three-dimensional printing (3DP) technologies has enabled the fabrication of highly complex scaffolds which offer a more accurate replication of native tissue properties and architecture than previously possible. Of strong interest to tissue engineers is the construction of multilayered scaffolds that target distinct regions of complex tissues. Musculoskeletal and dental tissues in particular, such as the osteochondral unit and periodontal complex, are composed of multiple interfacing tissue types, and thus benefit from the usage of multilayered scaffold fabrication. Traditional 3DP technologies such as extrusion printing and selective laser sintering have been used for the construction of scaffolds with gradient architectures and mixed material compositions. Additionally, emerging bioprinting strategies have been used for the direct printing and spatial patterning of cells and chemical factors, capturing the complex organization found in the body. To better replicate the varied and gradated properties of larger tissues, researchers have created scaffolds composed of multiple materials spanning natural polymers, synthetic polymers, and ceramics. By utilizing high precision 3DP techniques and judicious material selection, scaffolds can thus be designed to address the regeneration of previously challenging musculoskeletal, dental, and other heterogeneous target tissues. These multilayered 3DP strategies show great promise in the future of tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean M Bittner
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX
- Center for Engineering Complex Tissues
| | - Jason L Guo
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX
| | - Anthony Melchiorri
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX
- Center for Engineering Complex Tissues
| | - Antonios G Mikos
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX
- Center for Engineering Complex Tissues
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Urbanek O, Kołbuk D, Wróbel M. Articular cartilage: New directions and barriers of scaffolds development – review. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2018.1452224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Urbanek
- Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dorota Kołbuk
- Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mikołaj Wróbel
- Ortopedika – Centre for Specialized Surgery, Warsaw, Poland
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11
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Mekhileri NV, Lim KS, Brown GCJ, Mutreja I, Schon BS, Hooper GJ, Woodfield TBF. Automated 3D bioassembly of micro-tissues for biofabrication of hybrid tissue engineered constructs. Biofabrication 2018; 10:024103. [PMID: 29199637 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/aa9ef1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Bottom-up biofabrication approaches combining micro-tissue fabrication techniques with extrusion-based 3D printing of thermoplastic polymer scaffolds are emerging strategies in tissue engineering. These biofabrication strategies support native self-assembly mechanisms observed in developmental stages of tissue or organoid growth as well as promoting cell-cell interactions and cell differentiation capacity. Few technologies have been developed to automate the precise assembly of micro-tissues or tissue modules into structural scaffolds. We describe an automated 3D bioassembly platform capable of fabricating simple hybrid constructs via a two-step bottom-up bioassembly strategy, as well as complex hybrid hierarchical constructs via a multistep bottom-up bioassembly strategy. The bioassembly system consisted of a fluidic-based singularisation and injection module incorporated into a commercial 3D bioprinter. The singularisation module delivers individual micro-tissues to an injection module, for insertion into precise locations within a 3D plotted scaffold. To demonstrate applicability for cartilage tissue engineering, human chondrocytes were isolated and micro-tissues of 1 mm diameter were generated utilising a high throughput 96-well plate format. Micro-tissues were singularised with an efficiency of 96.0 ± 5.1%. There was no significant difference in size, shape or viability of micro-tissues before and after automated singularisation and injection. A layer-by-layer approach or aforementioned bottom-up bioassembly strategy was employed to fabricate a bilayered construct by alternatively 3D plotting a thermoplastic (PEGT/PBT) polymer scaffold and inserting pre-differentiated chondrogenic micro-tissues or cell-laden gelatin-based (GelMA) hydrogel micro-spheres, both formed via high-throughput fabrication techniques. No significant difference in viability between the construct assembled utilising the automated bioassembly system and manually assembled construct was observed. Bioassembly of pre-differentiated micro-tissues as well as chondrocyte-laden hydrogel micro-spheres demonstrated the flexibility of the platform while supporting tissue fusion, long-term cell viability, and deposition of cartilage-specific extracellular matrix proteins. This technology provides an automated and scalable pathway for bioassembly of both simple and complex 3D tissue constructs of clinically relevant shape and size, with demonstrated capability to facilitate direct spatial organisation and hierarchical 3D assembly of micro-tissue modules, ranging from biomaterial free cell pellets to cell-laden hydrogel formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- N V Mekhileri
- Christchurch Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering (CReaTE) Group, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand
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Hodgdon T, Danrad R, Patel MJ, Smith SE, Richardson ML, Ballard DH, Ali S, Trace AP, DeBenedectis CM, Zygmont ME, Lenchik L, Decker SJ. Logistics of Three-dimensional Printing: Primer for Radiologists. Acad Radiol 2018; 25:40-51. [PMID: 29030283 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The Association of University Radiologists Radiology Research Alliance Task Force on three-dimensional (3D) printing presents a review of the logistic considerations for establishing a clinical service using this new technology, specifically focused on implications for radiology. Specific topics include printer selection for 3D printing, software selection, creating a 3D model for printing, providing a 3D printing service, research directions, and opportunities for radiologists to be involved in 3D printing. A thorough understanding of the technology and its capabilities is necessary as the field of 3D printing continues to grow. Radiologists are in the unique position to guide this emerging technology and its use in the clinical arena.
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Daly AC, Freeman FE, Gonzalez-Fernandez T, Critchley SE, Nulty J, Kelly DJ. 3D Bioprinting for Cartilage and Osteochondral Tissue Engineering. Adv Healthc Mater 2017; 6. [PMID: 28804984 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201700298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Significant progress has been made in the field of cartilage and bone tissue engineering over the last two decades. As a result, there is real promise that strategies to regenerate rather than replace damaged or diseased bones and joints will one day reach the clinic however, a number of major challenges must still be addressed before this becomes a reality. These include vascularization in the context of large bone defect repair, engineering complex gradients for bone-soft tissue interface regeneration and recapitulating the stratified zonal architecture present in many adult tissues such as articular cartilage. Tissue engineered constructs typically lack such spatial complexity in cell types and tissue organization, which may explain their relatively limited success to date. This has led to increased interest in bioprinting technologies in the field of musculoskeletal tissue engineering. The additive, layer by layer nature of such biofabrication strategies makes it possible to generate zonal distributions of cells, matrix and bioactive cues in 3D. The adoption of biofabrication technology in musculoskeletal tissue engineering may therefore make it possible to produce the next generation of biological implants capable of treating a range of conditions. Here, advances in bioprinting for cartilage and osteochondral tissue engineering are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C. Daly
- Trinity Center for Bioengineering; Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute; Trinity College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering; School of Engineering; Trinity College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
- Department of Anatomy; Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland; Dublin Ireland
| | - Fiona E. Freeman
- Trinity Center for Bioengineering; Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute; Trinity College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering; School of Engineering; Trinity College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
- Department of Anatomy; Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland; Dublin Ireland
| | - Tomas Gonzalez-Fernandez
- Trinity Center for Bioengineering; Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute; Trinity College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering; School of Engineering; Trinity College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
- Department of Anatomy; Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland; Dublin Ireland
| | - Susan E. Critchley
- Trinity Center for Bioengineering; Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute; Trinity College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering; School of Engineering; Trinity College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
- Department of Anatomy; Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland; Dublin Ireland
| | - Jessica Nulty
- Trinity Center for Bioengineering; Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute; Trinity College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering; School of Engineering; Trinity College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
- Department of Anatomy; Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland; Dublin Ireland
| | - Daniel J. Kelly
- Trinity Center for Bioengineering; Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute; Trinity College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering; School of Engineering; Trinity College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
- Department of Anatomy; Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland; Dublin Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Center (AMBER); Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Trinity College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
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Groen WM, Diloksumpan P, van Weeren PR, Levato R, Malda J. From intricate to integrated: Biofabrication of articulating joints. J Orthop Res 2017; 35:2089-2097. [PMID: 28621834 PMCID: PMC5655743 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Articulating joints owe their function to the specialized architecture and the complex interplay between multiple tissues including cartilage, bone and synovium. Especially the cartilage component has limited self-healing capacity and damage often leads to the onset of osteoarthritis, eventually resulting in failure of the joint as an organ. Although in its infancy, biofabrication has emerged as a promising technology to reproduce the intricate organization of the joint, thus enabling the introduction of novel surgical treatments, regenerative therapies, and new sets of tools to enhance our understanding of joint physiology and pathology. Herein, we address the current challenges to recapitulate the complexity of articulating joints and how biofabrication could overcome them. The combination of multiple materials, biological cues and cells in a layer-by-layer fashion, can assist in reproducing both the zonal organization of cartilage and the gradual transition from resilient cartilage toward the subchondral bone in biofabricated osteochondral grafts. In this way, optimal integration of engineered constructs with the natural surrounding tissues can be obtained. Mechanical characteristics, including the smoothness and low friction that are hallmarks of the articular surface, can be tuned with multi-head or hybrid printers by controlling the spatial patterning of printed structures. Moreover, biofabrication can use digital medical images as blueprints for printing patient-specific implants. Finally, the current rapid advances in biofabrication hold significant potential for developing joint-on-a-chip models for personalized medicine and drug testing or even for the creation of implants that may be used to treat larger parts of the articulating joint. © 2017 The Authors. Journal of Orthopaedic Research Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the Orthopaedic Research Society. J Orthop Res 35:2089-2097, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paweena Diloksumpan
- Faculty of Veterinary MedicineDepartment of Equine SciencesUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Paul René van Weeren
- Faculty of Veterinary MedicineDepartment of Equine SciencesUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Riccardo Levato
- Department of OrthopaedicsUniversity Medical Centre UtrechtPO Box 85500, 3508 GAUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Jos Malda
- Department of OrthopaedicsUniversity Medical Centre UtrechtPO Box 85500, 3508 GAUtrechtThe Netherlands
- Faculty of Veterinary MedicineDepartment of Equine SciencesUtrechtThe Netherlands
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Raeisdasteh Hokmabad V, Davaran S, Ramazani A, Salehi R. Design and fabrication of porous biodegradable scaffolds: a strategy for tissue engineering. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2017; 28:1797-1825. [PMID: 28707508 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2017.1354674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Current strategies of tissue engineering are focused on the reconstruction and regeneration of damaged or deformed tissues by grafting of cells with scaffolds and biomolecules. Recently, much interest is given to scaffolds which are based on mimic the extracellular matrix that have induced the formation of new tissues. To return functionality of the organ, the presence of a scaffold is essential as a matrix for cell colonization, migration, growth, differentiation and extracellular matrix deposition, until the tissues are totally restored or regenerated. A wide variety of approaches has been developed either in scaffold materials and production procedures or cell sources and cultivation techniques to regenerate the tissues/organs in tissue engineering applications. This study has been conducted to present an overview of the different scaffold fabrication techniques such as solvent casting and particulate leaching, electrospinning, emulsion freeze-drying, thermally induced phase separation, melt molding and rapid prototyping with their properties, limitations, theoretical principles and their prospective in tailoring appropriate micro-nanostructures for tissue regeneration applications. This review also includes discussion on recent works done in the field of tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahideh Raeisdasteh Hokmabad
- a Department of Chemistry , University of Zanjan , Zanjan , Iran.,b Drug Applied Research Center , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
| | - Soodabeh Davaran
- b Drug Applied Research Center , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran.,c Stem Cell Research Center , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
| | - Ali Ramazani
- a Department of Chemistry , University of Zanjan , Zanjan , Iran
| | - Roya Salehi
- c Stem Cell Research Center , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran.,d Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Department of Medical Nanotechnology , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
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Hsieh YH, Hsieh MF, Fang CH, Jiang CP, Lin B, Lee HM. Osteochondral Regeneration Induced by TGF-β Loaded Photo Cross-Linked Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogel Infiltrated in Fused Deposition-Manufactured Composite Scaffold of Hydroxyapatite and Poly (Ethylene Glycol)-Block-Poly(ε-Caprolactone). Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:E182. [PMID: 30970861 PMCID: PMC6432077 DOI: 10.3390/polym9050182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to report the fabrication of porous scaffolds with pre-designed internal pores using a fused deposition modeling (FDM) method. Polycaprolactone (PCL) is a suitable material for the FDM method due to the fact it can be melted and has adequate flexural modulus and strength to be formed into a filament. In our study, the filaments of methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(ε-caprolactone) having terminal groups of carboxylic acid were deposited layer by layer. Raw materials having a weight ratio of hydroxyapatite (HAp) to polymer of 1:2 was used for FDM. To promote cell adhesion, amino groups of the Arg-Gly-Asp(RGD) peptide were condensed with the carboxylic groups on the surface of the fabricated scaffold. Then the scaffold was infiltrated with hydrogel of glycidyl methacrylate hyaluronic acid loading with 10 ng/mL of TGF-β1 and photo cross-linked on the top of the scaffolds. Serious tests of mechanical and biological properties were performed in vitro. HAp was found to significantly increase the compressive strength of the porous scaffolds. Among three orientations of the filaments, the lay down pattern 0°/90° scaffolds exhibited the highest compressive strength. Fluorescent staining of the cytoskeleton found that the osteoblast-like cells and stem cells well spread on RGD-modified PEG-PCL film indicating a favorable surface for the proliferation of cells. An in vivo test was performed on rabbit knee. The histological sections indicated that the bone and cartilage defects produced in the knees were fully healed 12 weeks after the implantation of the TGF-β1 loaded hydrogel and scaffolds, and regenerated cartilage was hyaline cartilage as indicated by alcian blue and periodic acid-schiff double staining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ho Hsieh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, 200 Chung Pei Road, Chung-Li District, Taoyuan City 320, Taiwan.
- Department of Orthopedics, Min-Sheng General Hospital, 168, ChingKuo Rd, Taoyuan 330, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Fa Hsieh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, 200 Chung Pei Road, Chung-Li District, Taoyuan City 320, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Hsiang Fang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, 200 Chung Pei Road, Chung-Li District, Taoyuan City 320, Taiwan.
| | - Cho-Pei Jiang
- Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Formosa University, Yunlin County 632, Taiwan.
| | - Bojain Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, 200 Chung Pei Road, Chung-Li District, Taoyuan City 320, Taiwan.
- Department of Orthopedics, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, No. 168, Zhongxing Road, Longtan District, Taoyuan City 325, Taiwan.
| | - Hung-Maan Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, 200 Chung Pei Road, Chung-Li District, Taoyuan City 320, Taiwan.
- Department of Orthopedics, Hualien Tzu Chi General Hospital, No. 707, Sec. 3, Chung Yang Rd, Hualien 970, Taiwan.
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Warren PB, Huebner P, Spang JT, Shirwaiker RA, Fisher MB. Engineering 3D-Bioplotted scaffolds to induce aligned extracellular matrix deposition for musculoskeletal soft tissue replacement. Connect Tissue Res 2016; 58:342-354. [PMID: 28026970 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2016.1276177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine approaches have the potential to overcome the challenges associated with current treatment strategies for meniscus injuries. 3D-Bioplotted scaffolds are promising, but have not demonstrated the ability to guide the formation of aligned collagenous matrix in vivo, which is critical for generating functional meniscus tissue. In this study, we evaluate the ability of 3D-Bioplotted scaffold designs with varying interstrand spacing to induce the deposition of aligned matrix in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS 3D-Bioplotted polycaprolactone scaffolds with 100, 200, or 400 μm interstrand spacing were implanted subcutaneously in a rat model for 4, 8, or 12 weeks. Scaffolds were harvested, paraffin-embedded, sectioned, and stained to visualize cell nuclei and collagen. Quantitative image analysis was used to evaluate cell density, matrix fill, and collagen fiber alignment within the scaffolds. RESULTS By 4 weeks, cells had infiltrated the innermost scaffold regions. Similarly, collagenous matrix filled interstrand regions nearly completely by 4 weeks. By 12 weeks, aligned collagen was present in all scaffolds. Generally, alignment along the scaffold strands increased over time for all three interstrand spacing groups. Distribution of collagen fiber alignment angles narrowed as interstrand spacing decreased. CONCLUSIONS 3D-Bioplotted scaffolds allow for complete cell infiltration and collagenous matrix production throughout the scaffold. The ability to use interstrand spacing as a means of controlling the formation of aligned collagen in vivo was demonstrated, which helps establish a design space for scaffold-based meniscus tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul B Warren
- a Department of Biomedical Engineering , North Carolina State University , Raleigh , NC , USA and University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,b Comparative Medicine Institute , North Carolina State University , Raleigh , NC , USA
| | - Pedro Huebner
- b Comparative Medicine Institute , North Carolina State University , Raleigh , NC , USA.,c Fitts Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering , North Carolina State University , Raleigh , NC , USA.,d Center for Additive Manufacturing and Logistics , North Carolina State University , Raleigh , NC , USA
| | - Jeffrey T Spang
- e Department of Orthopedics , University of North Carolina School of Medicine , Chapel Hill , NC , USA
| | - Rohan A Shirwaiker
- a Department of Biomedical Engineering , North Carolina State University , Raleigh , NC , USA and University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,b Comparative Medicine Institute , North Carolina State University , Raleigh , NC , USA.,c Fitts Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering , North Carolina State University , Raleigh , NC , USA.,d Center for Additive Manufacturing and Logistics , North Carolina State University , Raleigh , NC , USA
| | - Matthew B Fisher
- a Department of Biomedical Engineering , North Carolina State University , Raleigh , NC , USA and University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,b Comparative Medicine Institute , North Carolina State University , Raleigh , NC , USA.,e Department of Orthopedics , University of North Carolina School of Medicine , Chapel Hill , NC , USA
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18
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Mitsouras D, Liacouras P, Imanzadeh A, Giannopoulos AA, Cai T, Kumamaru KK, George E, Wake N, Caterson EJ, Pomahac B, Ho VB, Grant GT, Rybicki FJ. Medical 3D Printing for the Radiologist. Radiographics 2016; 35:1965-88. [PMID: 26562233 DOI: 10.1148/rg.2015140320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 360] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
While use of advanced visualization in radiology is instrumental in diagnosis and communication with referring clinicians, there is an unmet need to render Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) images as three-dimensional (3D) printed models capable of providing both tactile feedback and tangible depth information about anatomic and pathologic states. Three-dimensional printed models, already entrenched in the nonmedical sciences, are rapidly being embraced in medicine as well as in the lay community. Incorporating 3D printing from images generated and interpreted by radiologists presents particular challenges, including training, materials and equipment, and guidelines. The overall costs of a 3D printing laboratory must be balanced by the clinical benefits. It is expected that the number of 3D-printed models generated from DICOM images for planning interventions and fabricating implants will grow exponentially. Radiologists should at a minimum be familiar with 3D printing as it relates to their field, including types of 3D printing technologies and materials used to create 3D-printed anatomic models, published applications of models to date, and clinical benefits in radiology. Online supplemental material is available for this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitris Mitsouras
- From the Applied Imaging Science Laboratory, Department of Radiology (D.M., A.I., A.A.G., T.C., K.K.K., E.G., F.J.R.), and Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery (E.J.C., B.P.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass; 3D Medical Applications Center, Department of Radiology, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Md (P.L., V.B.H., G.T.G.); Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research, Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY (N.W.); and Sackler Institute of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY (N.W.)
| | - Peter Liacouras
- From the Applied Imaging Science Laboratory, Department of Radiology (D.M., A.I., A.A.G., T.C., K.K.K., E.G., F.J.R.), and Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery (E.J.C., B.P.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass; 3D Medical Applications Center, Department of Radiology, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Md (P.L., V.B.H., G.T.G.); Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research, Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY (N.W.); and Sackler Institute of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY (N.W.)
| | - Amir Imanzadeh
- From the Applied Imaging Science Laboratory, Department of Radiology (D.M., A.I., A.A.G., T.C., K.K.K., E.G., F.J.R.), and Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery (E.J.C., B.P.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass; 3D Medical Applications Center, Department of Radiology, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Md (P.L., V.B.H., G.T.G.); Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research, Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY (N.W.); and Sackler Institute of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY (N.W.)
| | - Andreas A Giannopoulos
- From the Applied Imaging Science Laboratory, Department of Radiology (D.M., A.I., A.A.G., T.C., K.K.K., E.G., F.J.R.), and Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery (E.J.C., B.P.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass; 3D Medical Applications Center, Department of Radiology, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Md (P.L., V.B.H., G.T.G.); Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research, Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY (N.W.); and Sackler Institute of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY (N.W.)
| | - Tianrun Cai
- From the Applied Imaging Science Laboratory, Department of Radiology (D.M., A.I., A.A.G., T.C., K.K.K., E.G., F.J.R.), and Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery (E.J.C., B.P.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass; 3D Medical Applications Center, Department of Radiology, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Md (P.L., V.B.H., G.T.G.); Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research, Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY (N.W.); and Sackler Institute of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY (N.W.)
| | - Kanako K Kumamaru
- From the Applied Imaging Science Laboratory, Department of Radiology (D.M., A.I., A.A.G., T.C., K.K.K., E.G., F.J.R.), and Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery (E.J.C., B.P.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass; 3D Medical Applications Center, Department of Radiology, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Md (P.L., V.B.H., G.T.G.); Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research, Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY (N.W.); and Sackler Institute of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY (N.W.)
| | - Elizabeth George
- From the Applied Imaging Science Laboratory, Department of Radiology (D.M., A.I., A.A.G., T.C., K.K.K., E.G., F.J.R.), and Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery (E.J.C., B.P.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass; 3D Medical Applications Center, Department of Radiology, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Md (P.L., V.B.H., G.T.G.); Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research, Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY (N.W.); and Sackler Institute of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY (N.W.)
| | - Nicole Wake
- From the Applied Imaging Science Laboratory, Department of Radiology (D.M., A.I., A.A.G., T.C., K.K.K., E.G., F.J.R.), and Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery (E.J.C., B.P.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass; 3D Medical Applications Center, Department of Radiology, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Md (P.L., V.B.H., G.T.G.); Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research, Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY (N.W.); and Sackler Institute of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY (N.W.)
| | - Edward J Caterson
- From the Applied Imaging Science Laboratory, Department of Radiology (D.M., A.I., A.A.G., T.C., K.K.K., E.G., F.J.R.), and Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery (E.J.C., B.P.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass; 3D Medical Applications Center, Department of Radiology, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Md (P.L., V.B.H., G.T.G.); Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research, Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY (N.W.); and Sackler Institute of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY (N.W.)
| | - Bohdan Pomahac
- From the Applied Imaging Science Laboratory, Department of Radiology (D.M., A.I., A.A.G., T.C., K.K.K., E.G., F.J.R.), and Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery (E.J.C., B.P.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass; 3D Medical Applications Center, Department of Radiology, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Md (P.L., V.B.H., G.T.G.); Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research, Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY (N.W.); and Sackler Institute of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY (N.W.)
| | - Vincent B Ho
- From the Applied Imaging Science Laboratory, Department of Radiology (D.M., A.I., A.A.G., T.C., K.K.K., E.G., F.J.R.), and Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery (E.J.C., B.P.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass; 3D Medical Applications Center, Department of Radiology, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Md (P.L., V.B.H., G.T.G.); Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research, Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY (N.W.); and Sackler Institute of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY (N.W.)
| | - Gerald T Grant
- From the Applied Imaging Science Laboratory, Department of Radiology (D.M., A.I., A.A.G., T.C., K.K.K., E.G., F.J.R.), and Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery (E.J.C., B.P.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass; 3D Medical Applications Center, Department of Radiology, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Md (P.L., V.B.H., G.T.G.); Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research, Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY (N.W.); and Sackler Institute of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY (N.W.)
| | - Frank J Rybicki
- From the Applied Imaging Science Laboratory, Department of Radiology (D.M., A.I., A.A.G., T.C., K.K.K., E.G., F.J.R.), and Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery (E.J.C., B.P.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass; 3D Medical Applications Center, Department of Radiology, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Md (P.L., V.B.H., G.T.G.); Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research, Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY (N.W.); and Sackler Institute of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY (N.W.)
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Anatomically shaped tissue-engineered cartilage with tunable and inducible anticytokine delivery for biological joint resurfacing. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:E4513-22. [PMID: 27432980 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1601639113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological resurfacing of entire articular surfaces represents an important but challenging strategy for treatment of cartilage degeneration that occurs in osteoarthritis. Not only does this approach require anatomically sized and functional engineered cartilage, but the inflammatory environment within an arthritic joint may also inhibit chondrogenesis and induce degradation of native and engineered cartilage. The goal of this study was to use adult stem cells to engineer anatomically shaped, functional cartilage constructs capable of tunable and inducible expression of antiinflammatory molecules, specifically IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra). Large (22-mm-diameter) hemispherical scaffolds were fabricated from 3D woven poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) fibers into two different configurations and seeded with human adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs). Doxycycline (dox)-inducible lentiviral vectors containing eGFP or IL-1Ra transgenes were immobilized to the PCL to transduce ASCs upon seeding, and constructs were cultured in chondrogenic conditions for 28 d. Constructs showed biomimetic cartilage properties and uniform tissue growth while maintaining their anatomic shape throughout culture. IL-1Ra-expressing constructs produced nearly 1 µg/mL of IL-1Ra upon controlled induction with dox. Treatment with IL-1 significantly increased matrix metalloprotease activity in the conditioned media of eGFP-expressing constructs but not in IL-1Ra-expressing constructs. Our findings show that advanced textile manufacturing combined with scaffold-mediated gene delivery can be used to tissue engineer large anatomically shaped cartilage constructs that possess controlled delivery of anticytokine therapy. Importantly, these cartilage constructs have the potential to provide mechanical functionality immediately upon implantation, as they will need to replace a majority, if not the entire joint surface to restore function.
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20
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Modular Tissue Assembly Strategies for Biofabrication of Engineered Cartilage. Ann Biomed Eng 2016; 45:100-114. [DOI: 10.1007/s10439-016-1609-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Chen F, Hochleitner G, Woodfield T, Groll J, Dalton PD, Amsden BG. Additive Manufacturing of a Photo-Cross-Linkable Polymer via Direct Melt Electrospinning Writing for Producing High Strength Structures. Biomacromolecules 2015; 17:208-14. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.5b01316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gernot Hochleitner
- Department
of Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry, University of Würzburg, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tim Woodfield
- Christchurch Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Centre for Bioengineering & Nanomedicine, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
| | - Juergen Groll
- Department
of Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry, University of Würzburg, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Paul D. Dalton
- Department
of Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry, University of Würzburg, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
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Mutreja I, Woodfield TBF, Sperling S, Nock V, Evans JJ, Alkaisi MM. Positive and negative bioimprinted polymeric substrates: new platforms for cell culture. Biofabrication 2015; 7:025002. [PMID: 25850524 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/7/2/025002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Bioimprinting, which involves capturing cell morphological details into a polymer matrix, provides a new class of patterned surfaces which opens an opportunity to investigate how cells respond to their own signatures and may introduce possibilities for regulating their behaviour. In this study, phenotypic details of human nasal chondrocytes (HNCs) were replicated in soft polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) mould resulting in inverse replicas of cells, which have been termed here as 'negative bioimprint'. For the first time, the information from this negative bioimprint was then transferred into another PDMS layer resulting in surfaces which resemble cell morphology and were called 'positive bioimprints'. Soft lithography was used to transfer these details from PDMS into different polymers like polystyrene, tissue culture polystyrene and clinically used block co-polymer poly (ethylene glycol) terephthalate-poly (butylene terephthalate) (PEGT-PBT). Results obtained from surface characterization confirmed that fine details of cells were successfully replicated from cells to different polymer matrices without any significant loss of information during the different steps of pattern transfer. HNCs seeded on different polymer surfaces with positive and negative bioimprints exhibited distinct behaviour. Cells cultured on positive bioimprints were more spread out and displayed high levels of proliferation compared to those on negative bioimprints, where cells were more compact with lower proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Mutreja
- The MacDiarmid Institute of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand. The MacDiarmid Institute of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology and Centre for Neuroendocrinology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
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Hung KC, Tseng CS, Hsu SH. Synthesis and 3D printing of biodegradable polyurethane elastomer by a water-based process for cartilage tissue engineering applications. Adv Healthc Mater 2014; 3:1578-87. [PMID: 24729580 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201400018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Revised: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradable materials that can undergo degradation in vivo are commonly employed to manufacture tissue engineering scaffolds, by techniques including the customized 3D printing. Traditional 3D printing methods involve the use of heat, toxic organic solvents, or toxic photoinitiators for fabrication of synthetic scaffolds. So far, there is no investigation on water-based 3D printing for synthetic materials. In this study, the water dispersion of elastic and biodegradable polyurethane (PU) nanoparticles is synthesized, which is further employed to fabricate scaffolds by 3D printing using polyethylene oxide (PEO) as a viscosity enhancer. The surface morphology, degradation rate, and mechanical properties of the water-based 3D-printed PU scaffolds are evaluated and compared with those of polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) scaffolds made from the solution in organic solvent. These scaffolds are seeded with chondrocytes for evaluation of their potential as cartilage scaffolds. Chondrocytes in 3D-printed PU scaffolds have excellent seeding efficiency, proliferation, and matrix production. Since PU is a category of versatile materials, the aqueous 3D printing process developed in this study is a platform technology that can be used to fabricate devices for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Che Hung
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering; National Taiwan University; No. 1, Sec. 4 Roosevelt Road Taipei 10617 Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Ching-Shiow Tseng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; National Central University; Taoyuan 32001 Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Shan-hui Hsu
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering; National Taiwan University; No. 1, Sec. 4 Roosevelt Road Taipei 10617 Taiwan R.O.C
- Research Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine; National Taiwan University; Taipei 10617 Taiwan R.O.C
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Seo SJ, Mahapatra C, Singh RK, Knowles JC, Kim HW. Strategies for osteochondral repair: Focus on scaffolds. J Tissue Eng 2014; 5:2041731414541850. [PMID: 25343021 PMCID: PMC4206689 DOI: 10.1177/2041731414541850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Interest in osteochondral repair has been increasing with the growing number of sports-related injuries, accident traumas, and congenital diseases and disorders. Although therapeutic interventions are entering an advanced stage, current surgical procedures are still in their infancy. Unlike other tissues, the osteochondral zone shows a high level of gradient and interfacial tissue organization between bone and cartilage, and thus has unique characteristics related to the ability to resist mechanical compression and restoration. Among the possible therapies, tissue engineering of osteochondral tissues has shown considerable promise where multiple approaches of utilizing cells, scaffolds, and signaling molecules have been pursued. This review focuses particularly on the importance of scaffold design and its role in the success of osteochondral tissue engineering. Biphasic and gradient composition with proper pore configurations are the basic design consideration for scaffolds. Surface modification is an essential technique to improve the scaffold function associated with cell regulation or delivery of signaling molecules. The use of functional scaffolds with a controllable delivery strategy of multiple signaling molecules is also considered a promising therapeutic approach. In this review, we updated the recent advances in scaffolding approaches for osteochondral tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seog-Jin Seo
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea ; Department of Nanobiomedical Science, BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Chinmaya Mahapatra
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea ; Department of Nanobiomedical Science, BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Rajendra K Singh
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea ; Department of Nanobiomedical Science, BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonathan C Knowles
- Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Hae-Won Kim
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea ; Department of Nanobiomedical Science, BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea ; Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
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MacBarb RF, Chen AL, Hu JC, Athanasiou KA. Engineering functional anisotropy in fibrocartilage neotissues. Biomaterials 2013; 34:9980-9. [PMID: 24075479 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The knee meniscus, intervertebral disc, and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disc all possess complex geometric shapes and anisotropic matrix organization. While these characteristics are imperative for proper tissue function, they are seldom recapitulated following injury or disease. Thus, this study's objective was to engineer fibrocartilages that capture both gross and molecular structural features of native tissues. Self-assembled TMJ discs were selected as the model system, as the disc exhibits a unique biconcave shape and functional anisotropy. To drive anisotropy, 50:50 co-cultures of meniscus cells and articular chondrocytes were grown in biconcave, TMJ-shaped molds and treated with two exogenous stimuli: biomechanical (BM) stimulation via passive axial compression and bioactive agent (BA) stimulation via chondroitinase-ABC and transforming growth factor-β1. BM + BA synergistically increased Col/WW, Young's modulus, and ultimate tensile strength 5.8-fold, 14.7-fold, and 13.8-fold that of controls, respectively; it also promoted collagen fibril alignment akin to native tissue. Finite element analysis found BM stimulation to create direction-dependent strains within the neotissue, suggesting shape plays an essential role toward driving in vitro anisotropic neotissue development. Methods used in this study offer insight on the ability to achieve physiologic anisotropy in biomaterials through the strategic application of spatial, biomechanical, and biochemical cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina F MacBarb
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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PROGRESS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF BIOMEDICAL POLYMER MATERIALS FABRICATED BY 3-DIMENSIONAL PRINTING TECHNOLOGY. ACTA POLYM SIN 2013. [DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1105.2013.12430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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27
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Schuurman W, Harimulyo EB, Gawlitta D, Woodfield TBF, Dhert WJA, van Weeren PR, Malda J. Three-dimensional assembly of tissue-engineered cartilage constructs results in cartilaginous tissue formation without retainment of zonal characteristics. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2013; 10:315-24. [DOI: 10.1002/term.1726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2012] [Revised: 08/08/2012] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- W. Schuurman
- Department of Orthopaedics; University Medical Centre Utrecht; The Netherlands
- Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences; Utrecht University; The Netherlands
| | - E. B. Harimulyo
- Department of Orthopaedics; University Medical Centre Utrecht; The Netherlands
| | - D. Gawlitta
- Department of Orthopaedics; University Medical Centre Utrecht; The Netherlands
| | - T. B. F. Woodfield
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery; University of Otago; Christchurch New Zealand
| | - W. J. A. Dhert
- Department of Orthopaedics; University Medical Centre Utrecht; The Netherlands
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences; University of Utrecht; The Netherlands
| | - P. R. van Weeren
- Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences; Utrecht University; The Netherlands
| | - J. Malda
- Department of Orthopaedics; University Medical Centre Utrecht; The Netherlands
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28
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Brenner JM, Kunz M, Tse MY, Winterborn A, Bardana DD, Pang SC, Waldman SD. Development of large engineered cartilage constructs from a small population of cells. Biotechnol Prog 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.1670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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29
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Abdelaal OAM, Darwish SMH. Review of Rapid Prototyping Techniques for Tissue Engineering Scaffolds Fabrication. ADVANCED STRUCTURED MATERIALS 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-31470-4_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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30
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Nandakumar A, Tahmasebi Birgani Z, Santos D, Mentink A, Auffermann N, van der Werf K, Bennink M, Moroni L, van Blitterswijk C, Habibovic P. Surface modification of electrospun fibre meshes by oxygen plasma for bone regeneration. Biofabrication 2012; 5:015006. [PMID: 23229020 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5082/5/1/015006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Plasma treatment is a method to modify the physicochemical properties of biomaterials, which consequently may affect interactions with cells. Based on the rationale that physical cues on the surface of culture substrates and implants, such as surface roughness, have proven to alter cell behaviour, we used electrospinning to fabricate fibrous three-dimensional scaffolds made of a poly (ethylene oxide terephthalate)/poly (butylene terephthalate) copolymer to mimic the physical microenvironment of extracellular matrix and applied radio-frequency oxygen plasma treatment to create nanoscale roughness. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis revealed a fibre diameter of 5.49 ± 0.96 µm for as-spun meshes. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements determined an exponential increase of surface roughness with plasma treatment time. An increase in hydrophilicity after plasma treatment was observed, which was associated with higher oxygen content in plasma treated scaffolds compared to untreated ones. A more pronounced adsorption of bovine serum albumin occurred on scaffolds treated with plasma for 15 and 30 min compared to untreated fibres. Clinically relevant human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) were cultured on untreated, 15 and 30 min treated scaffolds. SEM analysis confirmed cell attachment and a pronounced spindle-like morphology on all scaffolds. No significant differences were observed between different scaffolds regarding the amount of DNA, metabolic activity and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity after 7 days of culture. The amount of ALP positive cells increased between 7 and 21 days of culture on both untreated and 30 min treated meshes. In addition, ALP staining of cells on plasma treated meshes appeared more pronounced than on untreated meshes after 21 days of culture. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction showed significant upregulation of bone sialoprotein and osteonectin expression on oxygen plasma treated fibres compared to untreated fibres in basic culture medium after 7 days of culture, while no differences were observed in the expression of other osteogenic markers. At 21 days, no osteocalcin protein could be detected by ELISA at any of the substrates. In conclusion, this study shows that oxygen plasma treatment can successfully be applied to modify the nanoscale surface properties of polymeric electrospun fibre meshes, which in turn may positively affect osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nandakumar
- Department of Tissue Regeneration, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
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31
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Melchels FP, Domingos MA, Klein TJ, Malda J, Bartolo PJ, Hutmacher DW. Additive manufacturing of tissues and organs. Prog Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2011.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 833] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Emans PJ, Jansen EJP, van Iersel D, Welting TJM, Woodfield TBF, Bulstra SK, Riesle J, van Rhijn LW, Kuijer R. Tissue-engineered constructs: the effect of scaffold architecture in osteochondral repair. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2012; 7:751-6. [PMID: 22438217 DOI: 10.1002/term.1477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2011] [Revised: 07/17/2011] [Accepted: 01/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Cartilage has a poor regenerative capacity. Tissue-engineering approaches using porous scaffolds seeded with chondrocytes may improve cartilage repair. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of pore size and pore interconnectivity on cartilage repair in osteochondral defects treated with different scaffolds seeded with allogenic chondrocytes. Scaffolds consisting of 55 wt% poly(ethylene oxide terephthalate) and 45 wt% poly(butylene terephthalate) (PEOT/PBT) with different pore sizes and interconnectivities were made, using a compression moulding (CM) and a three-dimensional fibre (3DF) deposition technique. In these scaffolds, allogenic chondrocytes were seeded, cultured for 3 weeks and implanted in osteochondral defects of skeletally mature rabbits. At 3 weeks no difference in cartilage repair between an empty osteochondral defect, CM or 3DF scaffolds was found. Three months post-implantation, cartilage repair was significantly improved after implantation of a 3DF scaffold compared to a CM scaffold. Although not significant, Mankin scores for osteoarthritis (OA) indicated less OA in the 3DF scaffold group compared to empty defects and CM-treated defects. It is concluded that scaffold pore size and pore interconnectivity influences osteochondral repair and a decreased pore interconnectivity seems to impair osteochondral repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Emans
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, The Netherlands.
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Schon BS, Schrobback K, van der Ven M, Stroebel S, Hooper GJ, Woodfield TBF. Validation of a high-throughput microtissue fabrication process for 3D assembly of tissue engineered cartilage constructs. Cell Tissue Res 2012; 347:629-642. [PMID: 22293974 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-011-1311-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2011] [Accepted: 12/19/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Described here is a simple, high-throughput process to fabricate pellets with regular size and shape and the assembly of pre-cultured pellets in a controlled manner into specifically designed 3D plotted porous scaffolds. Culture of cartilage pellets is a well-established process for inducing re-differentiation in expanded chondrocytes. Commonly adopted pellet culture methods using conical tubes are inconvenient, time-consuming and space-intensive. We compared the conventional 15-mL tube pellet culture method with 96-well plate-based methods, examining two different well geometries (round- and v-bottom plates). The high-throughput production method was then used to demonstrate guided placement of pellets within a scaffold of defined pore size and geometry for the 3D assembly of tissue engineered cartilage constructs. While minor differences were observed in tissue quality and size, the chondrogenic re-differentiation capacity of human chondrocytes, as assessed by GAG/DNA, collagen type I and II immunohistochemistry and collagen type I, II and aggrecan mRNA expression, was maintained in the 96-well plate format and pellets of regular size and spheroidal shape were produced. This allowed for simple production of large numbers of reproducible tissue spheroids. Furthermore, the pellet-assembly method successfully allowed fluorescently labelled pellets to be individually visualised in 3D. During subsequent culture of 3D assembled tissue engineered constructs in vitro, pellets fused to form a coherent tissue, promoting chondrogenic differentiation and GAG accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Schon
- Christchurch Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering (CReATE) Group, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Otago Christchurch, PO Box 4345, Christchurch, New Zealand
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Adam C. Endogenous musculoskeletal tissue engineering - a focused perspective. Cell Tissue Res 2011; 347:489-99. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-011-1234-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2011] [Accepted: 08/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Allaf RM, Rivero IV. Fabrication and characterization of interconnected porous biodegradable poly(ε-caprolactone) load bearing scaffolds. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2011; 22:1843-1853. [PMID: 21670998 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-011-4367-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2010] [Accepted: 05/30/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In this study, poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL)/poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) (50:50 wt%) immiscible blend was used as a model system to investigate the feasibility of a novel solventless fabrication approach that combines cryomilling, compression molding and porogen leaching techniques to prepare interconnected porous scaffolds for tissue engineering. PCL was cryomilled with PEO to form blend powders. Compression molding was used to consolidate and anneal the cryomilled powders. Selective dissolution of the PEO with water resulted in interconnected porous scaffolds. Sodium chloride salt (NaCl) was subsequently added to cryomilled powder to increase the porosity of scaffolds. The prepared scaffolds had homogeneous pore structures, a porosity of ~50% which was increased by mixing salt with the blend (~70% for 60% wt% NaCl), and a compressive modulus and strength (ε = 10%) of 60 and 2.8 MPa, respectively. The results of the study confirm that this novel approach offers a viable alternative to fabricate scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rula M Allaf
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409-3061, USA
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Pescosolido L, Schuurman W, Malda J, Matricardi P, Alhaique F, Coviello T, van Weeren PR, Dhert WJA, Hennink WE, Vermonden T. Hyaluronic Acid and Dextran-Based Semi-IPN Hydrogels as Biomaterials for Bioprinting. Biomacromolecules 2011; 12:1831-8. [DOI: 10.1021/bm200178w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Pescosolido
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, “Sapienza” University of Rome, p.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, P.O. Box 80082, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter Schuurman
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - Jos Malda
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Pietro Matricardi
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, “Sapienza” University of Rome, p.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Franco Alhaique
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, “Sapienza” University of Rome, p.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Tommasina Coviello
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, “Sapienza” University of Rome, p.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - P. René van Weeren
- Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter J. A. Dhert
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wim E. Hennink
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, P.O. Box 80082, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tina Vermonden
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, P.O. Box 80082, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Abstract
The use of tissue engineering therapies for treating damaged articular cartilage has traditionally focused on cell-based therapies for the repair of focal chondral or osteochondral defects. A recent study by Lee and colleagues in the Lancet shows exciting proof-of-concept that an acellular scaffold containing transforming growth factor beta 3 can induce homing of cells that regenerate a hyaline-like cartilage surface. These findings provide a glimpse into the possibility that tissue engineering may in fact provide the means for regeneration of an entire joint surface, beyond a simple focal defect in the articular cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farshid Guilak
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, Duke, University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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Lee CH, Cook JL, Mendelson A, Moioli EK, Yao H, Mao JJ. Regeneration of the articular surface of the rabbit synovial joint by cell homing: a proof of concept study. Lancet 2010; 376:440-8. [PMID: 20692530 PMCID: PMC4035014 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(10)60668-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 439] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A common approach for tissue regeneration is cell delivery, for example by direct transplantation of stem or progenitor cells. An alternative, by recruitment of endogenous cells, needs experimental evidence. We tested the hypothesis that the articular surface of the synovial joint can regenerate with a biological cue spatially embedded in an anatomically correct bioscaffold. METHODS In this proof of concept study, the surface morphology of a rabbit proximal humeral joint was captured with laser scanning and reconstructed by computer-aided design. We fabricated an anatomically correct bioscaffold using a composite of poly-epsilon-caprolactone and hydroxyapatite. The entire articular surface of unilateral proximal humeral condyles of skeletally mature rabbits was surgically excised and replaced with bioscaffolds spatially infused with transforming growth factor beta3 (TGFbeta3)-adsorbed or TGFbeta3-free collagen hydrogel. Locomotion and weightbearing were assessed 1-2, 3-4, and 5-8 weeks after surgery. At 4 months, regenerated cartilage samples were retrieved from in vivo and assessed for surface fissure, thickness, density, chondrocyte numbers, collagen type II and aggrecan, and mechanical properties. FINDINGS Ten rabbits received TGFbeta3-infused bioscaffolds, ten received TGFbeta3-free bioscaffolds, and three rabbits underwent humeral-head excision without bioscaffold replacement. All animals in the TGFbeta3-delivery group fully resumed weightbearing and locomotion 3-4 weeks after surgery, more consistently than those in the TGFbeta3-free group. Defect-only rabbits limped at all times. 4 months after surgery, TGFbeta3-infused bioscaffolds were fully covered with hyaline cartilage in the articular surface. TGFbeta3-free bioscaffolds had only isolated cartilage formation, and no cartilage formation occurred in defect-only rabbits. TGFbeta3 delivery yielded uniformly distributed chondrocytes in a matrix with collagen type II and aggrecan and had significantly greater thickness (p=0.044) and density (p<0.0001) than did cartilage formed without TGFbeta3. Compressive and shear properties of TGFbeta3-mediated articular cartilage did not differ from those of native articular cartilage, and were significantly greater than those of cartilage formed without TGFbeta3. Regenerated cartilage was avascular and integrated with regenerated subchondral bone that had well defined blood vessels. TGFbeta3 delivery recruited roughly 130% more cells in the regenerated articular cartilage than did spontaneous cell migration without TGFbeta3. INTERPRETATION Our findings suggest that the entire articular surface of the synovial joint can regenerate without cell transplantation. Regeneration of complex tissues is probable by homing of endogenous cells, as exemplified by stratified avascular cartilage and vascularised bone. Whether cell homing acts as an adjunctive or alternative approach of cell delivery for regeneration of tissues with different organisational complexity warrants further investigation. FUNDING New York State Stem Cell Science; US National Institutes of Health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang H Lee
- Columbia University Medical Center, Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, New York, NY 10032, USA
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Duan B, Wang M. Customized Ca-P/PHBV nanocomposite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering: design, fabrication, surface modification and sustained release of growth factor. J R Soc Interface 2010; 7 Suppl 5:S615-29. [PMID: 20504805 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2010.0127.focus] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrating an advanced manufacturing technique, nanocomposite material and controlled delivery of growth factor to form multifunctional tissue engineering scaffolds was investigated in this study. Based on calcium phosphate (Ca-P)/poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) nanocomposite microspheres, three-dimensional Ca-P/PHBV nanocomposite scaffolds with customized architecture, controlled porosity and totally interconnected porous structure were successfully fabricated using selective laser sintering (SLS), one of the rapid prototyping technologies. The cytocompatibility of sintered Ca-P/PHBV nanocomposite scaffolds, as well as PHBV polymer scaffolds, was studied. For surface modification of nanocomposite scaffolds, gelatin was firstly physically entrapped onto the scaffold surface and heparin was subsequently immobilized on entrapped gelatin. The surface-modification improved the wettability of scaffolds and provided specific binding site between conjugated heparin and the growth factor recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2). The surface-modified Ca-P/PHBV nanocomposite scaffolds loaded with rhBMP-2 significantly enhanced the alkaline phosphatase activity and osteogenic differentiation markers in gene expression of C3H10T1/2 mesenchymal stem cells. Together with osteoconductive nanocomposite material and controlled growth factor delivery strategies, the use of SLS technique to form complex scaffolds will provide a promising route towards individualized bone tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Duan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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