1
|
Singh YP, Moses JC, Bandyopadhyay A, Mandal BB. 3D Bioprinted Silk-Based In Vitro Osteochondral Model for Osteoarthritis Therapeutics. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2200209. [PMID: 35670084 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202200209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
3D bioprinting of osteochondral tissue offers unique opportunities for enabling precise pharmacological interventions in osteoarthritis (OA). The current study investigates the screening potential of anti-inflammatory drugs using bioprinted inflamed human osteochondral units. The biomimetic hierarchical geometry is bioprinted using silk-based bioinks encapsulating pre-differentiated stem cells, creating an in vitro model. Inflammation is stimulated in the model, using tumor necrosis factor-alpha and Interleukin-1 beta pro-inflammatory cytokines. The resultant degeneration, akin to OA, is flagged by key markers like sulfated glycosaminoglycan, collagen, alkaline phosphatase, and downregulation of osteochondral transcript levels. In the next step, the screening of anti-inflammatory drugs is validated using celecoxib and rhein. Consequently, in the inflamed constructs, the initial upregulation of the key inflammatory mediators (nitric oxide, Prostaglandin E2), is subsequently downregulated, post-drug treatment. In addition, catabolic markers (matrix metalloproteinases and aggrecanase-1), indicative of hypertrophic and apoptosing chondrocytes, are significantly downregulated in the treatment groups; while the transcript and protein levels required for osteochondral health are attenuated. Therefore, the in vitro model mimicks the inflammation in the early stages of OA, and corroborates a potential high-throughput platform for screening novel anti-inflammatory drugs in OA therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yogendra Pratap Singh
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Joseph Christakiran Moses
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Ashutosh Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Biman B Mandal
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India.,Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India.,School of Health Sciences and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mukundan LM, Nirmal RS, Nair PD. Growth and Regeneration of Osteochondral Cells in Bioactive Niche: A Promising Approach for Osteochondral Tissue Repair. ACS Appl Bio Mater 2022; 5:2676-2688. [PMID: 35658402 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Functional repair of osteochondral defects caused due to osteoarthritis still remains the greatest challenge in orthopedic therapy. A prospective clinical strategy would be exploring osteochondral tissue engineering possibilities that promote simultaneous regeneration of the articular cartilage layer as well as the underlying subchondral bone. Incorporating the appropriate cues onto the scaffolds for the regeneration of the two contrasting tissues is therefore a demanding function. In the present study, a polymer-ceramic composite scaffolding material consisting of ternary bioactive glass (67.12 SiO2/28.5 CaO/4.38 P2O5 mol %) incorporated into a semi interpenetrating polymer network of hydrophilic-hydrophobic polymer (poly(vinyl alcohol)-polycaprolactone) matrix is prepared and physicochemically characterized. In vitro bioactivity, bone-bonding ability, and biocompatibility evaluation were performed in comparison with the pristine scaffold. The degree of chondrogenic and osteogenic potential of mesenchymal stem cells in both the scaffolds was evaluated by gene expression studies. Although both the scaffolds favored the differentiation to both cell lineages in their respective medium, a higher expression of bone specific genes found with the composite scaffold suggested that this composite scaffold would serve better for osteal layer and henceforth to promote the integration of the osteochondral construct at the defect site.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmi M Mukundan
- Division of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration Technologies, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences & Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695012, India
| | - Remya S Nirmal
- Division of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration Technologies, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences & Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695012, India
| | - Prabha D Nair
- Division of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration Technologies, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences & Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695012, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Xia P, Yan S, Li G, Yin J. Preparation of Assemblable Chondral and Subchondral Bone Microtissues for Osteochondral Tissue Engineering. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:12089-12105. [PMID: 35244384 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c00997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Microtissues exhibit great advantages in injecting with minimum invasiveness, mimicking natural tissues, and promoting tissue regeneration. However, very few studies have focused on the construction of osteochondral microtissues that could simultaneously support hyaline-like cartilage and bone tissue regeneration. In this study, chondral microtissues that could favor the formation of hyaline-like cartilages and subchondral bone microtissues that could repair subchondral defects to support the neo-generated cartilages were successfully constructed for osteochondral tissue engineering. For chondral repair, the developed chondral microgels with high porosity and hydrophilicity could make cells spherical, favor the formation of cell aggregates, and show an excellent differentiation effect toward hyaline-like cartilage, thus contributing to the production of chondral microtissues. For subchondral bone repair, the fabricated subchondral microgels realize cell adhesion and proliferation and support the osteogenic differentiation of stem cells, thus favoring the formation of subchondral bone microtissues. The injectable chondral and subchondral bone microtissues could be stably assembled by Michael addition reaction between sulfhydryl groups of microtissues and double bonds of hydrophilic macromolecular cross-linker. At 12 weeks postimplantation, osteochondral microtissues could support the reconstruction of osteochondral-like tissues. The present study provides new insight into the microtissues for repair of osteochondral tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Xia
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, People's Republic of China
| | - Shifeng Yan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, People's Republic of China
- Department of Polymer Materials, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, People's Republic of China
| | - Guifei Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, People's Republic of China
- Department of Polymer Materials, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingbo Yin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, People's Republic of China
- Department of Polymer Materials, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang HC, Lin TH, Hsu CC, Yeh ML. Restoring Osteochondral Defects through the Differentiation Potential of Cartilage Stem/Progenitor Cells Cultivated on Porous Scaffolds. Cells 2021; 10:3536. [PMID: 34944042 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cartilage stem/progenitor cells (CSPCs) are cartilage-specific, multipotent progenitor cells residing in articular cartilage. In this study, we investigated the characteristics and potential of human CSPCs combined with poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) scaffolds to induce osteochondral regeneration in rabbit knees. We isolated CSPCs from human adult articular cartilage undergoing total knee replacement (TKR) surgery. We characterized CSPCs and compared them with infrapatellar fat pad-derived stem cells (IFPs) in a colony formation assay and by multilineage differentiation analysis in vitro. We further evaluated the osteochondral regeneration of the CSPC-loaded PLGA scaffold during osteochondral defect repair in rabbits. The characteristics of CSPCs were similar to those of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and exhibited chondrogenic and osteogenic phenotypes without chemical induction. For in vivo analysis, CSPC-loaded PLGA scaffolds produced a hyaline-like cartilaginous tissue, which showed good integration with the host tissue and subchondral bone. Furthermore, CSPCs migrated in response to injury to promote subchondral bone regeneration. Overall, we demonstrated that CSPCs can promote osteochondral regeneration. A monophasic approach of using diseased CSPCs combined with a PLGA scaffold may be beneficial for repairing complex tissues, such as osteochondral tissue.
Collapse
|
5
|
Hejazi F, Bagheri-Khoulenjani S, Olov N, Zeini D, Solouk A, Mirzadeh H. Fabrication of nanocomposite/nanofibrous functionally graded biomimetic scaffolds for osteochondral tissue regeneration. J Biomed Mater Res A 2021; 109:1657-1669. [PMID: 33687800 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
One of the main challenges in treating osteochondral lesions via tissue engineering approach is providing scaffolds with unique characteristics to mimic the complexity. It has led to application of heterogeneous scaffolds as a potential candidate for engineering of osteochondral tissues, in which graded multilayered-structure should promote bone and cartilage growth. By designing three-dimensional (3D)-nanofibrous scaffolds mimicking the native extracellular matrix's nanoscale structure, cells can grow in controlled conditions and regenerate the damaged tissue. In this study, novel 3D-functionality graded nanofibrous scaffolds composed of five layers based on different compositions containing polycaprolactone(PCL)/gelatin(Gel)/nanohydroxyapatite (nHA) for osteoregeneration and chitosan(Cs)/polyvinylalcohol(PVA) for chondral regeneration are introduced. This scaffold is fabricated by electrospinning technique using spring as collector to create 3D-nanofibrous scaffolds. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, mechanical compression test, porosimetry, and water uptake studies were applied to study each layer's physicochemical properties and whole functionally graded scaffold. Besides, biodegradation and biological studies were done to investigate biological performance of scaffold. Results showed that each layer has a fibrous structure with continuous nanofibers with improved pore size and porosity of novel 3D scaffold (6-13 μm and 90%) compared with two-dimensional (2D) mat (2.2 μm and 19.3%) with higher water uptake capacity (about 100 times of 2D mat). Compression modulus of electrospun scaffold was increased to 78 MPa by adding nHA. The biological studies revealed that the layer designed for osteoregeneration could improve cell proliferation rate in comparison to the layer designed for chondral regeneration. These results showed such structure possesses a promising potential for the treatment of osteochondral defects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Hejazi
- Faculty of Advanced Technologies, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Nafiseh Olov
- Polymer and Color Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Darya Zeini
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of basic medical sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Atefeh Solouk
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Mirzadeh
- Polymer and Color Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wongin S, Narkbunnam R, Waikakul S, Chotiyarnwong P, Aresanasuwan T, Roytrakul S, Viravaidya-Pasuwat K. Construction and Evaluation of Osteochondral-Like Tissue Using Chondrocyte Sheet and Cancellous Bone. Tissue Eng Part A 2020; 27:282-295. [PMID: 32718279 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2020.0107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The manipulation of human chondrocyte sheets in target areas frequently results in their tearing because they are thin and fragile. In this study, human cancellous bones were used as a supporting material to create chondrocyte sheet-cancellous bone tissues, and their properties were evaluated. Using cell sheet technology, human chondrocytes were constructed into triple-layered chondrocyte sheets that displayed chondrogenic properties. After transferring the chondrocyte sheets onto cancellous bones, the top area of the chondrocyte sheet-cancellous bone tissues exhibited a smooth surface topography without cell sheet floating within 7 days of culture. The immunofluorescence staining of collagen type II (COL2A1) and fibronectin (FN1) was also performed and examined. Using the shotgun proteomic analysis, the proteins associated with cell adhesion, extracellular matrix (ECM) organization, cell-substrate junction assembly, and cell adhesion mediated by integrin were observed in the chondrocyte sheets, cancellous bones, and chondrocyte sheet-cancellous bone tissues. Three integrin members, including integrin β4 (ITGB4), ITGB6, and ITGB8, were found in the chondrocyte sheets. Only ITGB8 was found in the chondrocyte sheets and chondrocyte sheet-cancellous bone tissues. During 48 h, the mean velocity of the individual cell migration was low, which did not affect the structure and chondrogenic properties of the chondrocyte sheets. Staining of the filamentous actin (F-actin) cytoskeleton in the migratory cells also provided a better understanding of the dynamic communication between the cell cytoskeleton and adhesion molecules through ITGB8, which may play a key role in the attachment of the chondrocyte sheets and the synthesis of the cartilage ECM. Therefore, we suggest that cancellous bone could be used as a supporting material to construct chondrocyte sheet-cancellous bone tissues for potential treatment of osteochondral lesions. Impact Statement We proposed a method to construct an osteochondral-like tissue by placing human chondrocyte sheets onto cancellous bone. The stationary chondrocyte sheets and the low mean velocity of the individual cell migration on the cancellous bone with the expression of COL2A1 indicated that the cancellous bone served as an appropriate supporting material. Moreover, the cellular mechanism for the adhesion of the chondrocyte sheets on the cancellous bone based on ITGB8-mediated adhesion through the rearrangement of filamentous actin provided a better understanding to improve the construction of osteochondral-like tissues, and to predict the repair mechanism in osteoarthritis therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sopita Wongin
- Biological Engineering Program, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Rapeepat Narkbunnam
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Saranatra Waikakul
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pojchong Chotiyarnwong
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thanyawan Aresanasuwan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sittiruk Roytrakul
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Thailand Science Park, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Kwanchanok Viravaidya-Pasuwat
- Biological Engineering Program, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
Damage to osteochondral (OC) tissues can lead to pain, loss of motility, and progress to osteoarthritis. Tissue engineering approaches offer the possibility of replacing damaged tissues and restoring joint function; however, replicating the spatial and functional heterogeneity of native OC tissue remains a pressing challenge. Chondrocytes in healthy cartilage exist in relatively low-oxygen conditions, while osteoblasts in the underlying bone experience higher oxygen pressures. Such oxygen gradients also exist in the limb bud, where they influence OC tissue development. The cellular response to these spatial variations in oxygen pressure, which is mediated by the hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) pathway, plays a central role in regulating osteo- and chondrogenesis by directing progenitor cell differentiation and promoting and maintaining appropriate extracellular matrix production. Understanding the role of the HIF pathway in OC tissue development may enable new approaches to engineer OC tissue. In this review, we discuss strategies to spatially and temporarily regulate the HIF pathway in progenitor cells to create functional OC tissue for regenerative therapies. Impact statement Strategies to engineer osteochondral (OC) tissue are limited by the complex and varying microenvironmental conditions in native bone and cartilage. Indeed, native cartilage experiences low-oxygen conditions, while the underlying bone is relatively normoxic. The cellular response to these low-oxygen conditions, which is mediated through the hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) pathway, is known to promote and maintain the chondrocyte phenotype. By using tissue engineering scaffolds to spatially and temporally harness the HIF pathway, it may be possible to improve OC tissue engineering strategies for the regeneration of damaged cartilage and its underlying subchondral bone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dheraj K. Taheem
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gavin Jell
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eileen Gentleman
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Xu B, Ye J, Yuan FZ, Zhang JY, Chen YR, Fan BS, Jiang D, Jiang WB, Wang X, Yu JK. Advances of Stem Cell-Laden Hydrogels With Biomimetic Microenvironment for Osteochondral Repair. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:247. [PMID: 32296692 PMCID: PMC7136426 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteochondral damage from trauma or osteoarthritis is a general joint disease that can lead to an increased social and economic burden in the modern society. The inefficiency of osteochondral defects is mainly due to the absence of suitable tissue-engineered substrates promoting tissue regeneration and replacing damaged areas. The hydrogels are becoming a promising kind of biomaterials for tissue regeneration. The biomimetic hydrogel microenvironment can be tightly controlled by modulating a number of biophysical and biochemical properties, including matrix mechanics, degradation, microstructure, cell adhesion, and intercellular interactions. In particular, advances in stem cell-laden hydrogels have offered new ideas for the cell therapy and osteochondral repair. Herein, the aim of this review is to underpin the importance of stem cell-laden hydrogels on promoting the development of osteochondral regeneration, especially in the field of manipulation of biomimetic microenvironment and utilization growth factors with various delivery methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bingbing Xu
- Knee Surgery Department of the Institute of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Ye
- Knee Surgery Department of the Institute of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fu-Zhen Yuan
- Knee Surgery Department of the Institute of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ji-Ying Zhang
- Knee Surgery Department of the Institute of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - You-Rong Chen
- Knee Surgery Department of the Institute of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bao-Shi Fan
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Dong Jiang
- Knee Surgery Department of the Institute of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Bo Jiang
- Clinical Translational R&D Center of 3D Printing Technology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics & Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Kuo Yu
- Knee Surgery Department of the Institute of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhao Y, Ding X, Dong Y, Sun X, Wang L, Ma X, Zhu M, Xu B, Yang Q. Role of the Calcified Cartilage Layer of an Integrated Trilayered Silk Fibroin Scaffold Used to Regenerate Osteochondral Defects in Rabbit Knees. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:1208-1216. [PMID: 33464868 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b01661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The repair of osteochondral defects remains challenging, given the complexity of native osteochondral tissue and the limited self-repair capacity of cartilage. Osteochondral tissue engineering is a promising strategy. Here, we fabricated a biomimetic osteochondral scaffold using silk fibroin and hydroxyapatite, including a calcified cartilage layer (CCL). We studied the role played by the CCL in terms of cell viability in vivo. We established osteochondral defects in rabbit knees to investigate the effects of CCL-containing scaffolds with or without adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs). We evaluated osteochondral tissue regeneration by calculating gross observational scores, via histological and immunohistochemical assessments, by performing quantitative biochemical and biomechanical analyses of new osteochondral tissue, and via microcomputed tomography of new bone at 4, 8, and 12 weeks after surgery. In terms of surface roughness and integrity, the CCL + ADSCs group was better than the CCL and the non-CCL + ADSCs groups at all time points tested; the glycosaminoglycan and collagen type II levels of the CCL + ADSCs group were highest, reflecting the important role played by the CCL in cartilage tissue repair. Subchondral bone smoothness was better in the CCL + ADSCs group than in the non-CCL + ADSCs and CCL groups. The CCL promoted smooth subchondral bone regeneration but did not obviously affect bone strength or quality. In conclusion, a biomimetic osteochondral scaffold with a CCL, combined with autologous ADSCs, satisfactorily regenerated a rabbit osteochondral defect. The CCL enhances cartilage and subchondral bone regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Zhao
- Stomatological Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, 12 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300070, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoming Ding
- Department of Spine Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin University, 406 Jiefang Nan Road, Hexi District, Tianjin 300211, People's Republic of China.,Department of Orthopedics, Rizhao Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, 35 Haiwang Road, Donggang District, Rizhao, Shandong 276800, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunsheng Dong
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials for Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Xun Sun
- Department of Spine Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin University, 406 Jiefang Nan Road, Hexi District, Tianjin 300211, People's Republic of China
| | - Lianyong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials for Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinlong Ma
- Department of Spine Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin University, 406 Jiefang Nan Road, Hexi District, Tianjin 300211, People's Republic of China
| | - Meifeng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials for Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Baoshan Xu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin University, 406 Jiefang Nan Road, Hexi District, Tianjin 300211, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Yang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin University, 406 Jiefang Nan Road, Hexi District, Tianjin 300211, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Pérez-Silos V, Moncada-Saucedo NK, Peña-Martínez V, Lara-Arias J, Marino-Martínez IA, Camacho A, Romero-Díaz VJ, Lara Banda M, García-Ruiz A, Soto-Dominguez A, Rodriguez-Rocha H, López-Serna N, Tuan RS, Lin H, Fuentes-Mera L. A Cellularized Biphasic Implant Based on a Bioactive Silk Fibroin Promotes Integration and Tissue Organization during Osteochondral Defect Repair in a Porcine Model. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E5145. [PMID: 31627374 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20205145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In cartilage tissue engineering, biphasic scaffolds (BSs) have been designed not only to influence the recapitulation of the osteochondral architecture but also to take advantage of the healing ability of bone, promoting the implant’s integration with the surrounding tissue and then bone restoration and cartilage regeneration. This study reports the development and characterization of a BS based on the assembly of a cartilage phase constituted by fibroin biofunctionalyzed with a bovine cartilage matrix, cellularized with differentiated autologous pre-chondrocytes and well attached to a bone phase (decellularized bovine bone) to promote cartilage regeneration in a model of joint damage in pigs. BSs were assembled by fibroin crystallization with methanol, and the mechanical features and histological architectures were evaluated. The scaffolds were cellularized and matured for 12 days, then implanted into an osteochondral defect in a porcine model (n = 4). Three treatments were applied per knee: Group I, monophasic cellular scaffold (single chondral phase); group II (BS), cellularized only in the chondral phase; and in order to study the influence of the cellularization of the bone phase, Group III was cellularized in chondral phases and a bone phase, with autologous osteoblasts being included. After 8 weeks of surgery, the integration and regeneration tissues were analyzed via a histology and immunohistochemistry evaluation. The mechanical assessment showed that the acellular BSs reached a Young’s modulus of 805.01 kPa, similar to native cartilage. In vitro biological studies revealed the chondroinductive ability of the BSs, evidenced by an increase in sulfated glycosaminoglycans and type II collagen, both secreted by the chondrocytes cultured on the scaffold during 28 days. No evidence of adverse or inflammatory reactions was observed in the in vivo trial; however, in Group I, the defects were not reconstructed. In Groups II and III, a good integration of the implant with the surrounding tissue was observed. Defects in group II were fulfilled via hyaline cartilage and normal bone. Group III defects showed fibrous repair tissue. In conclusion, our findings demonstrated the efficacy of a biphasic and bioactive scaffold based on silk fibroin and cellularized only in the chondral phase, which entwined chondroinductive features and a biomechanical capability with an appropriate integration with the surrounding tissue, representing a promising alternative for osteochondral tissue-engineering applications.
Collapse
|
11
|
Xue R, Chung B, Tamaddon M, Carr J, Liu C, Cartmell SH. Osteochondral tissue coculture: An in vitro and in silico approach. Biotechnol Bioeng 2019; 116:3112-3123. [PMID: 31334830 PMCID: PMC6790609 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Osteochondral tissue engineering aims to regenerate functional tissue‐mimicking physiological properties of injured cartilage and its subchondral bone. Given the distinct structural and biochemical difference between bone and cartilage, bilayered scaffolds, and bioreactors are commonly employed. We present an osteochondral culture system which cocultured ATDC5 and MC3T3‐E1 cells on an additive manufactured bilayered scaffold in a dual‐chamber perfusion bioreactor. Also, finite element models (FEM) based on the microcomputed tomography image of the manufactured scaffold as well as on the computer‐aided design (CAD) were constructed; the microenvironment inside the two FEM was studied and compared. In vitro results showed that the coculture system supported osteochondral tissue growth in terms of cell viability, proliferation, distribution, and attachment. In silico results showed that the CAD and the actual manufactured scaffold had significant differences in the flow velocity, differentiation media mixing in the bioreactor and fluid‐induced shear stress experienced by the cells. This system was shown to have the desired microenvironment for osteochondral tissue engineering and it can potentially be used as an inexpensive tool for testing newly developed pharmaceutical products for osteochondral defects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruikang Xue
- School of Materials, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Benedict Chung
- School of Materials, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Maryam Tamaddon
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculo-Skeletal Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - James Carr
- Manchester Imaging Facility, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Chaozong Liu
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculo-Skeletal Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sarah Harriet Cartmell
- School of Materials, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ribeiro VP, Pina S, Costa JB, Cengiz IF, García-Fernández L, Fernández-Gutiérrez MDM, Paiva OC, Oliveira AL, San-Román J, Oliveira JM, Reis RL. Enzymatically Cross-Linked Silk Fibroin-Based Hierarchical Scaffolds for Osteochondral Regeneration. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:3781-3799. [PMID: 30609898 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b21259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Osteochondral (OC) regeneration faces several limitations in orthopedic surgery, owing to the complexity of the OC tissue that simultaneously entails the restoration of articular cartilage and subchondral bone diseases. In this study, novel biofunctional hierarchical scaffolds composed of a horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-cross-linked silk fibroin (SF) cartilage-like layer (HRP-SF layer) fully integrated into a HRP-SF/ZnSr-doped β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) subchondral bone-like layer (HRP-SF/dTCP layer) were proposed as a promising strategy for OC tissue regeneration. For comparative purposes, a similar bilayered structure produced with no ion incorporation (HRP-SF/TCP layer) was used. A homogeneous porosity distribution was achieved throughout the scaffolds, as shown by micro-computed tomography analysis. The ion-doped bilayered scaffolds presented a wet compressive modulus (226.56 ± 60.34 kPa) and dynamic mechanical properties (ranging from 403.56 ± 111.62 to 593.56 ± 206.90 kPa) superior to that of the control bilayered scaffolds (189.18 ± 90.80 kPa and ranging from 262.72 ± 59.92 to 347.68 ± 93.37 kPa, respectively). Apatite crystal formation, after immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF), was observed in the subchondral bone-like layers for the scaffolds incorporating TCP powders. Human osteoblasts (hOBs) and human articular chondrocytes (hACs) were co-cultured onto the bilayered structures and monocultured in the respective cartilage and subchondral bone half of the partitioned scaffolds. Both cell types showed good adhesion and proliferation in the scaffold compartments, as well as adequate integration of the interface regions. Osteoblasts produced a mineralized extracellular matrix (ECM) in the subchondral bone-like layers, and chondrocytes showed GAG deposition. The gene expression profile was different in the distinct zones of the bilayered constructs, and the intermediate regions showed pre-hypertrophic chondrocyte gene expression, especially on the BdTCP constructs. Immunofluorescence analysis supported these observations. This study showed that the proposed bilayered scaffolds allowed a specific stimulation of the chondrogenic and osteogenic cells in the co-culture system together with the formation of an osteochondral-like tissue interface. Hence, the structural adaptability, suitable mechanical properties, and biological performance of the hierarchical scaffolds make these constructs a desired strategy for OC defect regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Viviana P Ribeiro
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics of University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine , Avepark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães , Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory , 4805-017 Braga/Guimarães , Portugal
| | - Sandra Pina
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics of University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine , Avepark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães , Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory , 4805-017 Braga/Guimarães , Portugal
| | - João B Costa
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics of University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine , Avepark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães , Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory , 4805-017 Braga/Guimarães , Portugal
| | - Ibrahim Fatih Cengiz
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics of University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine , Avepark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães , Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory , 4805-017 Braga/Guimarães , Portugal
| | - Luis García-Fernández
- Institute of Polymer Science and Technology, Polymeric Nanomaterials and Biomaterials Department , Spanish Council for Scientific Research (ICTP-CSIC) , 28006 Madrid , Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red. Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN) , 28029 Madrid , Spain
| | - Maria Del Mar Fernández-Gutiérrez
- Institute of Polymer Science and Technology, Polymeric Nanomaterials and Biomaterials Department , Spanish Council for Scientific Research (ICTP-CSIC) , 28006 Madrid , Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red. Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN) , 28029 Madrid , Spain
| | - Olga C Paiva
- ISEP-School of Engineering , Polytechnic Institute of Porto , 4200-072 Porto , Portugal
| | - Ana L Oliveira
- CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina, Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia , Universidade Católica Portuguesa , 4200-072 Porto , Portugal
| | - Julio San-Román
- Institute of Polymer Science and Technology, Polymeric Nanomaterials and Biomaterials Department , Spanish Council for Scientific Research (ICTP-CSIC) , 28006 Madrid , Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red. Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN) , 28029 Madrid , Spain
| | - Joaquim M Oliveira
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics of University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine , Avepark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães , Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory , 4805-017 Braga/Guimarães , Portugal
- The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine , Headquarters at University of Minho , Avepark, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães , Portugal
| | - Rui L Reis
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics of University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine , Avepark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães , Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory , 4805-017 Braga/Guimarães , Portugal
- The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine , Headquarters at University of Minho , Avepark, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães , Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wang HC, Lin TH, Chang NJ, Hsu HC, Yeh ML. Continuous Passive Motion Promotes and Maintains Chondrogenesis in Autologous Endothelial Progenitor Cell-Loaded Porous PLGA Scaffolds during Osteochondral Defect Repair in a Rabbit Model. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E259. [PMID: 30634691 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20020259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Continuous passive motion (CPM) is widely used after total knee replacement. In this study, we investigated the effect of CPM combined with cell-based construct-transplantation in osteochondral tissue engineering. We created osteochondral defects (3 mm in diameter and 3 mm in depth) in the medial femoral condyle of 36 knees and randomized them into three groups: ED (empty defect), EPC/PLGA (endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) seeded in the poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) scaffold), or EPC/PLGA/CPM (EPC/PLGA scaffold complemented with CPM starting one day after transplantation). We investigated the effects of CPM and the EPC/PLGA constructs on tissue restoration in weight-bearing sites by histological observation and micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) evaluation 4 and 12 weeks after implantation. After CPM, the EPC/PLGA construct exhibited early osteochondral regeneration and prevention of subchondral bone overgrowth and cartilage degeneration. CPM did not alter the microenvironment created by the construct; it up-regulated the expression of the extracellular matrix components (glycosaminoglycan and collagen), down-regulated bone formation, and induced the biosynthesis of lubricin, which appeared in the EPC/PLGA/CPM group after 12 weeks. CPM can provide promoting signals during osteochondral tissue engineering and achieve a synergistic effect when combined with EPC/PLGA transplantation, so it should be considered a non-invasive treatment to be adopted in clinical practices.
Collapse
|
14
|
Lis-Bartos A, Smieszek A, Frańczyk K, Marycz K. Fabrication, Characterization, and Cytotoxicity of Thermoplastic Polyurethane/Poly(lactic acid) Material Using Human Adipose Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Stem Cells (hASCs). Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E1073. [PMID: 30960998 PMCID: PMC6403585 DOI: 10.3390/polym10101073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) and poly(lactic acid) are types of biocompatible and degradable synthetic polymers required for biomedical applications. Physically blended (TPU+PLA) tissue engineering matrices were produced via solvent casting technique. The following types of polymer blend were prepared: (TPU+PLA) 7:3, (TPU+PLA) 6:4, (TPU+PLA) 4:6, and (TPU+PLA) 3:7. Various methods were employed to characterize the properties of these polymers: surface properties such as morphology (scanning electron microscopy), wettability (goniometry), and roughness (profilometric analysis). Analyses of hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) of the obtained polymer blends were conducted. Tensile tests demonstrated that the blends exhibited a wide range of mechanical properties. Cytotoxicity of polymers was tested using human multipotent stromal cells derived from adipose tissue (hASC). In vitro assays revealed that (TPU+PLA) 3:7 matrices were the most cytocompatible biomaterials. Cells cultured on (TPU+PLA) 3:7 had proper morphology, growth pattern, and were distinguished by increased proliferative and metabolic activity. Additionally, it appeared that (TPU+PLA) 3:7 biomaterials showed antiapoptotic properties. hASC cultured on these matrices had reduced expression of Bax-α and increased expression of Bcl-2. This study demonstrated the feasibility of producing a biocompatible scaffold form based on (TPU+PLA) blends that have potential to be applied in tissue engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lis-Bartos
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Department of Biomaterials and Composites, Faculty of Materials Science and Science and Ceramics, Krakow 30-059, Poland.
- Department of Experimental Biology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw 50-375, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Smieszek
- Department of Experimental Biology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw 50-375, Poland.
| | - Kinga Frańczyk
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Automatics, Computer Science and Biomedical Engineering, Krakow 30-059, Poland.
| | - Krzysztof Marycz
- Department of Experimental Biology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw 50-375, Poland.
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Equine Clinic-Equine Surgery, Justus-Liebig-University, Gießen 35392, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
Background: Collagens of marine origin are applied increasingly as alternatives to mammalian collagens in tissue engineering. The aim of the present study was to develop a biphasic scaffold from exclusively marine collagens supporting both osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation and to find a suitable setup for in vitro chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stroma cells (hMSC). Methods: Biphasic scaffolds from biomimetically mineralized salmon collagen and fibrillized jellyfish collagen were fabricated by joint freeze-drying and crosslinking. Different experiments were performed to analyze the influence of cell density and TGF-β on osteogenic differentiation of the cells in the scaffolds. Gene expression analysis and analysis of cartilage extracellular matrix components were performed and activity of alkaline phosphatase was determined. Furthermore, histological sections of differentiated cells in the biphasic scaffolds were analyzed. Results: Stable biphasic scaffolds from two different marine collagens were prepared. An in vitro setup for osteochondral differentiation was developed involving (1) different seeding densities in the phases; (2) additional application of alginate hydrogel in the chondral part; (3) pre-differentiation and sequential seeding of the scaffolds and (4) osteochondral medium. Spatially separated osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation of hMSC was achieved in this setup, while osteochondral medium in combination with the biphasic scaffolds alone was not sufficient to reach this ambition. Conclusions: Biphasic, but monolithic scaffolds from exclusively marine collagens are suitable for the development of osteochondral constructs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Bernhardt
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Faculty of Medicine of Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Birgit Paul
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Faculty of Medicine of Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Michael Gelinsky
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Faculty of Medicine of Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Daly AC, Freeman FE, Gonzalez-Fernandez T, Critchley SE, Nulty J, Kelly DJ. 3D Bioprinting for Cartilage and Osteochondral Tissue Engineering. Adv Healthc Mater 2017; 6. [PMID: 28804984 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201700298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Significant progress has been made in the field of cartilage and bone tissue engineering over the last two decades. As a result, there is real promise that strategies to regenerate rather than replace damaged or diseased bones and joints will one day reach the clinic however, a number of major challenges must still be addressed before this becomes a reality. These include vascularization in the context of large bone defect repair, engineering complex gradients for bone-soft tissue interface regeneration and recapitulating the stratified zonal architecture present in many adult tissues such as articular cartilage. Tissue engineered constructs typically lack such spatial complexity in cell types and tissue organization, which may explain their relatively limited success to date. This has led to increased interest in bioprinting technologies in the field of musculoskeletal tissue engineering. The additive, layer by layer nature of such biofabrication strategies makes it possible to generate zonal distributions of cells, matrix and bioactive cues in 3D. The adoption of biofabrication technology in musculoskeletal tissue engineering may therefore make it possible to produce the next generation of biological implants capable of treating a range of conditions. Here, advances in bioprinting for cartilage and osteochondral tissue engineering are reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C. Daly
- Trinity Center for Bioengineering; Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute; Trinity College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering; School of Engineering; Trinity College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
- Department of Anatomy; Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland; Dublin Ireland
| | - Fiona E. Freeman
- Trinity Center for Bioengineering; Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute; Trinity College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering; School of Engineering; Trinity College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
- Department of Anatomy; Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland; Dublin Ireland
| | - Tomas Gonzalez-Fernandez
- Trinity Center for Bioengineering; Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute; Trinity College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering; School of Engineering; Trinity College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
- Department of Anatomy; Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland; Dublin Ireland
| | - Susan E. Critchley
- Trinity Center for Bioengineering; Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute; Trinity College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering; School of Engineering; Trinity College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
- Department of Anatomy; Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland; Dublin Ireland
| | - Jessica Nulty
- Trinity Center for Bioengineering; Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute; Trinity College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering; School of Engineering; Trinity College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
- Department of Anatomy; Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland; Dublin Ireland
| | - Daniel J. Kelly
- Trinity Center for Bioengineering; Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute; Trinity College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering; School of Engineering; Trinity College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
- Department of Anatomy; Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland; Dublin Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Center (AMBER); Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Trinity College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
M JC, Reardon PJT, Konwarh R, Knowles JC, Mandal BB. Mimicking Hierarchical Complexity of the Osteochondral Interface Using Electrospun Silk-Bioactive Glass Composites. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2017; 9:8000-8013. [PMID: 28181432 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b16590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The anatomical complexity and slow regeneration capacity of hyaline cartilage at the osteochondral interface pose a great challenge in the repair of osteochondral defects (OCD). In this study, we utilized the processing feasibility offered by the sol derived 70S bioactive glass and silk fibroin (mulberry Bombyx mori and endemic Indian non-mulberry Antheraea assama), in fabricating a well-integrated, biomimetic scaffolding matrix with a coherent interface. Differences in surface properties such as wettability and amorphousness between the two silk groups resulted in profound variations in cell attachment and extracellular matrix protein deposition. Mechanical assessment showed that the biphasic composites exhibited both an elastic region pertinent for cartilage tissue and a stiff compression resistant region simulating the bone phase. In vitro biological studies revealed that the biphasic mats presented spatial confinement for the growth and maturation of both osteoblasts and chondrocytes, marked by increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, osteopontin (OPN), sulfated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) and collagen secretion in the cocultured mats. The non-mulberry silk based biphasic composite mats performed better than their mulberry counterpart, as evidenced by enhanced expression levels of key cartilage and bone specific marker genes. Therefore, the developed biphasic scaffold show great promise for improving the current clinical strategies for osteochondral tissue repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Christakiran M
- Biomaterial and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati , Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Philip J T Reardon
- Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London , 256 Gray's Inn Road, London WC1X 8LD, U.K
| | - Rocktotpal Konwarh
- Biomaterial and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati , Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Jonathan C Knowles
- Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London , 256 Gray's Inn Road, London WC1X 8LD, U.K
| | - Biman B Mandal
- Biomaterial and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati , Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Mohan N, Gupta V, Sridharan BP, Mellott AJ, Easley JT, Palmer RH, Galbraith RA, Key VH, Berkland CJ, Detamore MS. Microsphere-based gradient implants for osteochondral regeneration: a long-term study in sheep. Regen Med 2015; 10:709-28. [PMID: 26418471 DOI: 10.2217/rme.15.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The microfracture technique for cartilage repair has limited ability to regenerate hyaline cartilage. AIM The current study made a direct comparison between microfracture and an osteochondral approach with microsphere-based gradient plugs. MATERIALS & METHODS The PLGA-based scaffolds had opposing gradients of chondroitin sulfate and β-tricalcium phosphate. A 1-year repair study in sheep was conducted. RESULTS The repair tissues in the microfracture were mostly fibrous and had scattered fissures with degenerative changes. Cartilage regenerated with the gradient plugs had equal or superior mechanical properties; had lacunated cells and stable matrix as in hyaline cartilage. CONCLUSION This first report of gradient scaffolds in a long-term, large animal, osteochondral defect demonstrated potential for equal or better cartilage repair than microfracture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neethu Mohan
- Department of Chemical & Petroleum Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA.,Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences & Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala 695011, India
| | - Vineet Gupta
- Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | | | - Adam J Mellott
- Department of Chemical & Petroleum Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Jeremiah T Easley
- Preclinical Surgical Research Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Ross H Palmer
- Preclinical Surgical Research Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | | | - Vincent H Key
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Cory J Berkland
- Department of Chemical & Petroleum Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA.,Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Michael S Detamore
- Department of Chemical & Petroleum Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA.,Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Yousefi AM, Hoque ME, Prasad RGSV, Uth N. Current strategies in multiphasic scaffold design for osteochondral tissue engineering: A review. J Biomed Mater Res A 2014; 103:2460-81. [PMID: 25345589 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Revised: 10/04/2014] [Accepted: 10/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The repair of osteochondral defects requires a tissue engineering approach that aims at mimicking the physiological properties and structure of two different tissues (cartilage and bone) using specifically designed scaffold-cell constructs. Biphasic and triphasic approaches utilize two or three different architectures, materials, or composites to produce a multilayered construct. This article gives an overview of some of the current strategies in multiphasic/gradient-based scaffold architectures and compositions for tissue engineering of osteochondral defects. In addition, the application of finite element analysis (FEA) in scaffold design and simulation of in vitro and in vivo cell growth outcomes has been briefly covered. FEA-based approaches can potentially be coupled with computer-assisted fabrication systems for controlled deposition and additive manufacturing of the simulated patterns. Finally, a summary of the existing challenges associated with the repair of osteochondral defects as well as some recommendations for future directions have been brought up in the concluding section of this article.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Azizeh-Mitra Yousefi
- Department of Chemical, Paper and Biomedical Engineering, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, 45056
| | - Md Enamul Hoque
- Department of Mechanical, Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Malaysia
| | - Rangabhatala G S V Prasad
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technology Research Group, Nano Research for Advanced Materials, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Nicholas Uth
- Department of Chemical, Paper and Biomedical Engineering, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, 45056
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ding X, Zhu M, Xu B, Zhang J, Zhao Y, Ji S, Wang L, Wang L, Li X, Kong D, Ma X, Yang Q. Integrated trilayered silk fibroin scaffold for osteochondral differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2014; 6:16696-16705. [PMID: 25210952 DOI: 10.1021/am5036708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Repairing osteochondral defects (OCD) remains a formidable challenge due to the high complexity of native osteochondral tissue and the limited self-repair capability of cartilage. Osteochondral tissue engineering is a promising strategy for the treatment of OCD. In this study, we fabricated a novel integrated trilayered scaffold using silk fibroin and hydroxyapatite by combining paraffin-sphere leaching with a modified temperature gradient-guided thermal-induced phase separation (TIPS) technique. This biomimetic scaffold is characterized by three layers: a chondral layer with a longitudinally oriented microtubular structure, a bony layer with a 3D porous structure and an intermediate layer with a dense structure. Live/dead and CCK-8 tests indicated that this scaffold possesses good biocompatibility for supporting the growth, proliferation, and infiltration of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs). Histological and immunohistochemical stainings and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) confirmed that the ADSCs could be induced to differentiate toward chondrocytes or osteoblasts in vitro at chondral and bony layers in the presence of chondrogenic- or osteogenic-induced culture medium, respectively. Moreover, the intermediate layer could play an isolating role for preventing the cells within the chondral and bony layers from mixing with each other. In conclusion, the trilayered and integrated osteochondral scaffolds can effectively support cartilage and bone tissue generation in vitro and are potentially applicable for OC tissue engineering in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Ding
- Department of Spine Surgery, Tianjin Hospital , Tianjin 300211, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Yao Q, Nooeaid P, Detsch R, Roether JA, Dong Y, Goudouri OM, Schubert DW, Boccaccini AR. Bioglass®/chitosan-polycaprolactone bilayered composite scaffolds intended for osteochondral tissue engineering. J Biomed Mater Res A 2014; 102:4510-8. [PMID: 24677705 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Revised: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Polymer-coated 45S5 Bioglass(®) (BG)/chitosan-polycaprolactone (BG/CS-PCL) bilayered composite scaffolds were prepared via foam replication and freeze-drying techniques for application in osteochondral tissue engineering. The CS-PCL coated and uncoated BG scaffolds were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The mechanical properties of the coated scaffolds were significantly improved in comparison to uncoated scaffolds. The bioactivity and biodegradation behavior of scaffolds were studied in simulated body fluid (SBF) for up to 28 days. The interface between the BG scaffold and the polymer coating layer was observed by SEM and a suitable interpenetration of the polymer into the scaffold struts was found. The effects of coated and uncoated BG scaffolds on MG-63 osteoblast-like cells were evaluated by cell viability, adhesion and proliferation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Yao
- Institute of Advanced Materials for Nano-Bio Applications, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Biomaterials, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Cauerstrasse 6, Erlangen, 91058, Germany; Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Mohan N, Gupta V, Sridharan B, Sutherland A, Detamore MS. The potential of encapsulating "raw materials" in 3D osteochondral gradient scaffolds. Biotechnol Bioeng 2013; 111:829-41. [PMID: 24293388 DOI: 10.1002/bit.25145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Revised: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Scaffolds with continuous gradients in material composition and bioactive signals enable a smooth transition of properties at the interface. Components like chondroitin sulfate (CS) and bioactive glass (BG) in 3D scaffolds may serve as "raw materials" for synthesis of new extracellular matrix (ECM), and may have the potential to completely or partially replace expensive growth factors. We hypothesized that scaffolds with gradients of ECM components would enable superior performance of engineered constructs. Raw material encapsulation altered the appearance, structure, porosity, and degradation of the scaffolds. They allowed the scaffolds to better retain their 3D structure during culture and provided a buffering effect to the cells in culture. Following seeding of rat mesenchymal stem cells, there were several instances where glycosaminoglycan (GAG), collagen, or calcium contents were higher with the scaffolds containing raw materials (CS or BG) than with those containing transforming growth factor (TGF)-β3 or bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2. It was also noteworthy that a combination of both CS and TGF-β3 increased the secretion of collagen type II. Moreover, cells seeded in scaffolds containing opposing gradients of CS/TGF-β3 and BG/BMP-2 produced clear regional variations in the secretion of tissue-specific ECM. The study demonstrated raw materials have the potential to create a favorable microenvironment for cells; they can significantly enhance the synthesis of certain extracellular matrix (ECM) components when compared to expensive growth factors; either alone or in combination with growth factors they can enhance the secretion of tissue specific matrix proteins. Raw materials are promising candidates that can be used to either replace or be used in combination with growth factors. Success with raw materials in lieu of growth factors could have profound implications in terms of lower cost and faster regulatory approval for more rapid translation of regenerative medicine products to the clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neethu Mohan
- Division of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration Technologies, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
Osteochondral tissue engineering has shown an increasing development to provide suitable strategies for the regeneration of damaged cartilage and underlying subchondral bone tissue. For reasons of the limitation in the capacity of articular cartilage to self-repair, it is essential to develop approaches based on suitable scaffolds made of appropriate engineered biomaterials. The combination of biodegradable polymers and bioactive ceramics in a variety of composite structures is promising in this area, whereby the fabrication methods, associated cells and signalling factors determine the success of the strategies. The objective of this review is to present and discuss approaches being proposed in osteochondral tissue engineering, which are focused on the application of various materials forming bilayered composite scaffolds, including polymers and ceramics, discussing the variety of scaffold designs and fabrication methods being developed. Additionally, cell sources and biological protein incorporation methods are discussed, addressing their interaction with scaffolds and highlighting the potential for creating a new generation of bilayered composite scaffolds that can mimic the native interfacial tissue properties, and are able to adapt to the biological environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patcharakamon Nooeaid
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Institute of Biomaterials, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-NürnbergErlangen, Germany
| | - Vehid Salih
- Eastman Dental Institute, UCLLondon, United Kingdom
| | - Justus P Beier
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital of Erlangen Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-NürnbergErlangen, Germany
| | - Aldo R Boccaccini
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Institute of Biomaterials, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-NürnbergErlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|