1
|
Donnenberg AD, Luketich JD, Donnenberg VS. Secretome of pleural effusions associated with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and malignant mesothelioma: therapeutic implications. Oncotarget 2019; 10:6456-6465. [PMID: 31741710 PMCID: PMC6849644 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We compared the secretome of metastatic (non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)) and primary (mesothelioma) malignant pleural effusions, benign effusions and the published plasma profile of patients receiving chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-T), to determine factors unique to neoplasia in pleural effusion (PE) and those accompanying an efficacious peripheral anti-tumor immune response. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cryopreserved cell-free PE fluid from 101 NSCLC patients, 8 mesothelioma and 13 with benign PE was assayed for a panel of 40 cytokines/chemokines using the Luminex system. RESULTS Profiles of benign and malignant PE were dominated by high concentrations of sIL-6Rα, CCL2/MCP1, CXCL10/IP10, IL-6, TGFβ1, CCL22/MDC, CXCL8/IL-8 and IL-10. Malignant PE contained significantly higher (p < 0.01, Bonferroni-corrected) concentrations of MIP1β, CCL22/MDC, CX3CL1/fractalkine, IFNα2, IFNγ, VEGF, IL-1α and FGF2. When grouped by function, mesothelioma PE had lower effector cytokines than NSCLC PE. Comparing NSCLC PE and published plasma levels of CAR-T recipients, both were dominated by sIL-6Rα and IL-6 but NSCLC PE had more VEGF, FGF2 and TNFα, and less IL-2, IL-4, IL-13, IL-15, MIP1α and IFNγ. CONCLUSIONS An immunosuppressive, wound-healing environment characterizes both benign and malignant PE. A dampened effector response (IFNα2, IFNγ, MIP1α, TNFα and TNFβ) was detected in NSCLC PE, but not mesothelioma or benign PE. The data indicate that immune effectors are present in NSCLC PE and suggest that the IL-6/sIL-6Rα axis is a central driver of the immunosuppressive, tumor-supportive pleural environment. A combination localized antibody-based immunotherapy with or without cellular therapy may be justified in this uniformly fatal condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Albert D. Donnenberg
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Centers, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - James D. Luketich
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Centers, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Vera S. Donnenberg
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Centers, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tan X, Carretero J, Chen Z, Zhang J, Wang Y, Chen J, Li X, Ye H, Tang C, Cheng X, Hou N, Yang X, Wong KK. Loss of p53 attenuates the contribution of IL-6 deletion on suppressed tumor progression and extended survival in Kras-driven murine lung cancer. PLoS One 2013; 8:e80885. [PMID: 24260500 PMCID: PMC3829911 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is involved in lung cancer tumorigenesis, tumor progression, metastasis, and drug resistance. Previous studies show that blockade of IL-6 signaling can inhibit tumor growth and increase drug sensitivity in mouse models. Clinical trials in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) reveal that IL-6 targeted therapy relieves NSCLC-related anemia and cachexia, although other clinical effects require further study. We crossed IL-6-/- mice with KrasG12D mutant mice, which develop lung tumors after activation of mutant KrasG12D, to investigate whether IL-6 inhibition contributes to tumor progression and survival time in vivo. KrasG12D; IL-6-/- mice exhibited increased tumorigenesis, but slower tumor growth and longer survival, than KrasG12D mice. Further, in order to investigate whether IL-6 deletion contributes to suppression of lung cancer metastasis, we generated KrasG12D; p53flox/flox; IL-6-/- mice, which developed lung cancer with a trend for reduced metastases and longer survival than KrasG12D; p53flox/flox mice. Tumors from KrasG12D; IL-6-/- mice showed increased expression of TNFα and decreased expression of CCL-19, CCL-20 and phosphorylated STAT3 (pSTAT3) than KrasG12D mice; however, these changes were not present between tumors from KrasG12D; p53flox/flox; IL-6-/- and KrasG12D; p53flox/flox mice. Upregulation of pSTAT3 and phosphorylated AKT (pAKT) were observed in KrasG12D tumors with p53 deletion. Taken together, these results indicate that IL-6 deletion accelerates tumorigenesis but delays tumor progression and prolongs survival time in a Kras-driven mouse model of lung cancer. However, these effects can be attenuated by p53 deletion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Genetic Laboratory of Development and Diseases, Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Julian Carretero
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Zhao Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jishuai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Genetic Laboratory of Development and Diseases, Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Yanxiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Genetic Laboratory of Development and Diseases, Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Jicheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Genetic Laboratory of Development and Diseases, Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiubin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Genetic Laboratory of Development and Diseases, Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Genetic Laboratory of Development and Diseases, Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Chuanhao Tang
- Department of Lung Cancer, Affiliated Hospital of Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuan Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Genetic Laboratory of Development and Diseases, Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Genetic Laboratory of Development and Diseases, Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Genetic Laboratory of Development and Diseases, Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
- Model Organism Division, E-institutes of Shanghai Universities, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (KKW); (XY)
| | - Kwok-Kin Wong
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Ludwig Center at Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Belfer Institute for Applied Cancer Science, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (KKW); (XY)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Koh E, Iizasa T, Yamaji H, Sekine Y, Hiroshima K, Yoshino I, Fujisawa T. Significance of the correlation between the expression of interleukin 6 and clinical features in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Int J Surg Pathol 2012; 20:233-9. [PMID: 22334615 DOI: 10.1177/1066896911436274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aims of the study were to identify the significance of interleukin (IL)-6 production and to determine whether IL-6 production influences long-term survival in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHOD A series of 90 patients with NSCLC who underwent surgery between 2005 and 2007 was analyzed. Preoperative serum IL-6 was measured, and tumor samples were immunohistochemically stained for IL-6. RESULTS Serum IL-6 levels were elevated in 43 of 90 cases (47.7%), and 23 (25.5%) of 90 cases stained positively for IL-6 (P = .00265). The prognosis of patients with NSCLC who had positive immunohistochemical staining was significantly worse than that for those who had negative staining, by univariate analysis (P = .0027). Multivariate analysis indicated that tumor size, postoperative stage, and overexpression of IL-6 were independent prognostic factors. CONCLUSIONS The expression of IL-6 in tumor correlated with the concentration of serum IL-6, tumor progression, and overall survival in patients with NSCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eitetsu Koh
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University Yachiyo Medical Center, Owada-Shinden Yachiyo City, Chiba, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ahmad SF, Pandey A, Kour K, Bani S. Downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines by lupeol measured using cytometric bead array immunoassay. Phytother Res 2009; 24:9-13. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
5
|
Inoue M, Minami M, Fujii Y, Matsuda H, Shirakura R, Kido T. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-6-producing lung cancer cell line, LCAM. J Surg Oncol 1997; 64:347-50. [PMID: 9142195 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-9098(199704)64:4<347::aid-jso18>3.0.co;2-#] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES We describe a case of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (GCSF) and interleukin-6 (IL-6)-producing lung cancer. METHODS A 53-year-old man underwent left upper lobectomy under diagnosis of lung cancer. The tumor obtained by a preoperative biopsy was analyzed. RESULTS Preoperative data showed leukocytosis with left-shift of leukocytic morphology and thrombocytosis and an elevated serum GCSF level. Histological examination revealed poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. A cell line, named LCAM, was established from the tumor and the cytokines in the culture medium were measured by enzyme immunoassay. GCSF and IL-6 were produced in large amounts by LCAM, but granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GMCSF) and interleukin-3 (IL-3) were not. A proportion of LCAM expressed GCSF receptor on the cell surface, but IL-6 receptor could not be detected. LCAM proliferation was inhibited in the culture with antihuman GCSF antibody in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS We suggest that LCAM proliferation is positively regulated by GCSF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Inoue
- Division of Organ Transplantation, Osaka University Medical School, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yanagawa H, Kawano T, Haku T, Yano S, Maniwa K, Sone S. Palliative steroid therapy and serum interleukin-6 levels in a patient with lung cancer. J Pain Symptom Manage 1996; 12:195-8. [PMID: 8803383 DOI: 10.1016/0885-3924(96)00130-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
We report a patient with metastatic adenocarcinoma of the lung who had a detectable serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) level. Despite systemic chemotherapy, the tumor progressed, with elevation of serum IL-6 level. Palliative steroid therapy with 20 mg/day of prednisolone resulted in the decline of serum IL-6 level and, simultaneously, improved anorexia and oral intake. Although there was no weight gain or improvement in hypoalbuminemia, these results suggest that steroids may suppress the abnormal production of IL-6 in cancer patients and that this action affects symptoms. Further study is warranted to clarify the role of IL-6 in tumor-related symptoms and the effect of steroid therapy in relation to IL-6 production in cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Yanagawa
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, University of Tokushima School of Medicine, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mantovani G, Macciò A, Versace R, Pisano M, Lai P, Esu S, Ghiani M, Dessì D, Turnu E, Santona MC. Tumor-associated lymphocytes (TAL) are competent to produce higher levels of cytokines in neoplastic pleural and peritoneal effusions than those found in sera and are able to release into culture higher levels of IL-2 and IL-6 than those released by PBMC. J Mol Med (Berl) 1995; 73:409-16. [PMID: 8528743 DOI: 10.1007/bf00240140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
This work was designed to study the proliferative response of tumor-associated lymphocytes (TAL) from neoplastic effusions against autologous tumor cells and the immunophenotype pattern of TAL from neoplastic effusions and that of PBMC of the same patients. We also compared the serum levels of the cytokines interleukin (IL) 1 beta, 2 and 6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha) and soluble IL-2 receptor (sIL-2R) with those present in neoplastic effusions of the same patients. Moreover, we examined the ability of TAL and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) to produce and release the cytokines and sIL-2R and to express membrane CD25 following their stimulation with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) in vitro. Finally, we compared the cytokines/sIL-2R production and membrane CD25 expression by PHA-stimulated PBMC of the patients with neoplastic effusions with a series of 90 cancer patients without neoplastic effusions and 20 normal healthy subjects. Thirteen neoplastic pleural and eight peritoneal effusions were collected from 11 patients with primary lung cancer, 7 with primary epithelial ovarian cancer, 1 with breast cancer, 1 with pleural mesothelioma, and 1 with pancreatic cancer. The proliferative response of TAL from neoplastic effusions against autologous tumor cells was lower than the response to PHA, IL-2, and anti-CD3, but significant. The percentage distribution of CD3+ and CD8+ lymphocyte subpopulations was higher in peritoneal than in pleural effusions, while the CD16+ subset was higher in pleural than in peritoneal effusions. The percentage distribution of CD16+ was significantly lower in pleural effusions than in PBMC of patients with pleural effusions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Mantovani
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Yanagawa H, Sone S, Takahashi Y, Haku T, Yano S, Shinohara T, Ogura T. Serum levels of interleukin 6 in patients with lung cancer. Br J Cancer 1995; 71:1095-8. [PMID: 7734307 PMCID: PMC2033769 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.1995.212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Serum interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels were measured in 75 patients with lung cancer and in 20 patients with benign lung diseases. IL-6 was detectable in 29 patients with lung cancer (39%), but was not detectable in any of the patients with benign lung diseases. Serum C-reactive protein levels and plasma fibrinogen levels were significantly higher and serum albumin concentration was significantly lower in lung cancer patients with detectable serum IL-6 levels than in those without detectable serum IL-6 levels and in patients with benign lung diseases. On the other hand, no significant difference was observed in blood platelet counts in these three groups. Moreover, serum IL-6 levels were not significantly different in lung cancer patients with or without clinically demonstrated distant metastasis. These results suggest that IL-6 may be a mediator of various reactions including an inflammatory response in lung cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Yanagawa
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, University of Tokushima, School of Medicine, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mizuno K, Sone S, Orino E, Nii A, Ogura T. Autonomous expressions of cytokine genes by human lung cancer cells and their paracrine regulation. Jpn J Cancer Res 1994; 85:179-86. [PMID: 8144399 PMCID: PMC5919428 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.1994.tb02080.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-to-cell interaction between tumors and host inflammatory cells is important for the subsequent cancer progression or regression. We examined the expressions of mRNAs for various proinflammatory cytokines by nine human lung cancer cell lines and the influences of cytokines on their gene expressions. The cytokines used were interleukin 1 beta (IL-1 beta), interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and monocyte chemotactic and activating factor. Gene expressions of cytokines were measured by Northern blot analysis. Substantial expressions of cytokine genes were detected in several lung cancer cell lines such as RERF-LC-MS, RERF-LC-OK and VMRC-LCD, although the levels of expression of each cytokine varied in different cell lines. Four lung cancer cell lines (RERF-LC-MS, RERF-LC-OK, A549 and YO-88) were used to examine the effects of exogenous cytokines (IL-1 beta, TNF-alpha and GM-CSF) on cytokine gene expressions by the cells. TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta caused significant changes in the levels of mRNA expressions of certain cytokines. Moreover, on stimulation with TNF-alpha, RERF-LC-OK cells produced IL-6 extracellularly. These extensive differences in the levels of gene expressions and productions of cytokines could have profound effects on the interactions between human lung cancer cells and the corresponding host cells.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma/genetics
- Adenocarcinoma/immunology
- Adenocarcinoma/metabolism
- Aged
- Autoradiography
- Blotting, Northern
- Carcinoma, Small Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Small Cell/immunology
- Carcinoma, Small Cell/metabolism
- Chemokine CCL2
- Chemotactic Factors/biosynthesis
- Chemotactic Factors/genetics
- Cytokines/biosynthesis
- Cytokines/genetics
- Cytokines/immunology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor/biosynthesis
- Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor/genetics
- Humans
- Interleukin-1/biosynthesis
- Interleukin-1/genetics
- Interleukin-1/pharmacology
- Interleukin-6/biosynthesis
- Interleukin-6/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/immunology
- Lung Neoplasms/metabolism
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Male
- Middle Aged
- RNA, Messenger/analysis
- Receptors, Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor
- Tumor Cells, Cultured/immunology
- Tumor Cells, Cultured/metabolism
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/biosynthesis
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/genetics
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/pharmacology
- Up-Regulation
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Mizuno
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, University of Tokushima, School of Medicine
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|