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Fang CC, Lai MN, Chien CT, Hung KY, Tsai CC, Tsai TJ, Hsieh BS. Effects of Pentoxifylline on Peritoneal Fibroblasts and Silica-Induced Peritoneal Fibrosis. Perit Dial Int 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/089686080302300303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
♦ BackgroundPeritoneal fibrosis is a long-term complication following continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). Peritoneal fibroblasts may play an important role in peritoneal fibrosis. Up to now, the treatment of peritoneal fibrosis in patients with CAPD remains unsatisfactory. Pentoxifylline (PTX) is a xanthine derivative and is used in the treatment of peripheral vascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Several studies have demonstrated that PTX can ameliorate fibrosis of the skin, liver, and kidney.♦ ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of PTX on in vitro growth and collagen synthesis of human peritoneal fibroblasts (HPFBs), and to evaluate the effects of PTX on silica-induced peritoneal fibrosis in vivo.♦ Design and MeasurementsIn the in vitro study, HPFBs were cultured from human omentum. The effect of PTX on the growth of serum-stimulated HPFBs was evaluated by MTT assay. The effect of PTX on the collagen synthesis of HPFB was measured by [3H]-proline incorporation. Expression of type I and type III collagen mRNA was evaluated by Northern blotting. The effects of PTX on matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity and cAMP level in HPFBs were measured by immunoassays. In the in vivo study, Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups. All rats received intraperitoneal (IP) injection of silica suspension (250 mg/100 g body weight) on day 0. The rats of group 1 (control group) were injected with vehicle IP every day for 14 days. The rats of groups 2, 3, and 4 were injected with PTX (4 mg/100 g body weight) IP every day for 3, 7, and 14 days, respectively. The rats in group 5 received an intravenous infusion of PTX (8 mg/100 g body weight) every day for 7 days. On the 15th day after silica injection, all rats were sacrificed. Their parietal and visceral peritoneums were removed and processed for pathology, and the severity of fibrosis was measured and scored. ♦ Results: In vitro, PTX inhibited serum-stimulated HPFB growth (maximum was 93% at 1 mg PTX/mL) in a dose-dependent manner. Collagen synthesis by HPFB was reduced (47% at 1 mg PTX/mL), and collagen I and III mRNA expression in HPFBs was suppressed by PTX. The PTX did not affect the MMP (including MMP-1, MMP-8, and MMP-13) activities of HPFBs. The mechanism of PTX was through increasing cAMP by its phosphodiesterase inhibiting activity. In vivo, the severity of fibrosis was significantly reduced in groups 4 and 5 compared to group 1 ( p < 0.05).♦ ConclusionThese results suggest that PTX can inhibit growth of and collagen synthesis by HPFBs in vitro. The fibrosis derived from silica-induced peritonitis in vivo was also ameliorated by PTX. Therefore, pentoxifylline may have the potential to be used to treat peritoneal fibrosis in patients on CAPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Chung Fang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei
| | - Ming-Nan Lai
- Department of Medicine, China Medical College Hospital, Taichung
| | - Chiang-Ting Chien
- Office for Research and Development, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei
| | - Kuan-Yu Hung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chen Tsai
- Department of Pathology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tun-Jun Tsai
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei
| | - Bor-Shen Hsieh
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei
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Kawaguchi Y, Kawanishi H, Mujais S, Topley N, Oreopoulos DG. Encapsulating Peritoneal Sclerosis: Definition, Etiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment. Perit Dial Int 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/089686080002004s04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshindo Kawaguchi
- International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis Ad Hoc Committee on Ultrafiltration Management in Peritoneal Dialysis
| | - Hideki Kawanishi
- International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis Ad Hoc Committee on Ultrafiltration Management in Peritoneal Dialysis
| | - Salim Mujais
- International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis Ad Hoc Committee on Ultrafiltration Management in Peritoneal Dialysis
| | - Nicholas Topley
- International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis Ad Hoc Committee on Ultrafiltration Management in Peritoneal Dialysis
| | - Dimitrios G. Oreopoulos
- International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis Ad Hoc Committee on Ultrafiltration Management in Peritoneal Dialysis
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Lotti M. Second date appendectomy: Operating for failure of nonoperative treatment in perforated appendicitis. Am J Emerg Med 2017; 35:939.e3-939.e6. [PMID: 28063718 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2016.12.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonoperative treatment of acute appendicitis is embraced by many surgical teams, driven by low to moderate quality randomized studies that support noninferiority of antibiotics versus appendectomy for treatment of acute uncomplicated appendicitis. Several flaws of these studies have emerged, especially in the recruitment strategy and in the diagnostic criteria that were used. The growing confidence given to antibiotics, together with the lack of reliable criteria to distinguish between uncomplicated and perforated appendicitis, exposes patients with perforated appendicitis to the likelihood to be treated with antibiotics instead of surgery. Among them, those patients who experience a temporary relief of symptoms due to antibiotics, followed by early recurrence of disease when antibiotics are discontinued, are likely to undergo appendectomy at their second date. Second date appendectomy, i.e. the removal of the appendix when acute inflammation relapses within the scar of a previously unhealed perforated appendicitis, is the unwanted child of the nonoperative treatment and a new challenge for both the surgeon and the patient. METHODS Between June and July 2016, two patients were readmitted and operated for failure of nonoperative treatment with antibiotics. RESULTS A video is presented, which focuses on the different anatomic presentation and technical challenges between prompt and second date laparoscopic appendectomy. CONCLUSIONS When proposing nonoperative treatment for acute appendicitis, surgeons should be aware and inform their patients that if the appendix is perforated and an incomplete healing and early recurrence occur, a second date appendectomy could be a more challenging operation compared to a prompt appendectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Lotti
- Advanced Surgical Oncology Unit, Department of General Surgery 1, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, Italy.
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4
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Different reactivity of primary fibroblasts and endothelial cells towards crystalline silica: A surface radical matter. Toxicology 2016; 361-362:12-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Wang G, Wu K, Li W, Zhao E, Shi L, Wang J, Shuai X, Cai K, Lu X, Tao K, Wang G. Role of IL-17 and TGF-β in peritoneal adhesion formation after surgical trauma. Wound Repair Regen 2014; 22:631-9. [PMID: 24898474 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Geng Wang
- Department of Surgery; Union Hospital; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan China
| | - Ke Wu
- Department of Surgery; Union Hospital; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Surgery; Union Hospital; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan China
| | - Ende Zhao
- Department of Surgery; Union Hospital; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan China
| | - Liang Shi
- Department of Surgery; Union Hospital; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan China
| | - Jiliang Wang
- Department of Surgery; Union Hospital; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan China
| | - Xiaoming Shuai
- Department of Surgery; Union Hospital; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan China
| | - Kailin Cai
- Department of Surgery; Union Hospital; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan China
| | - Xiaoming Lu
- Department of Surgery; Union Hospital; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan China
| | - Kaixiong Tao
- Department of Surgery; Union Hospital; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan China
| | - Guobin Wang
- Department of Surgery; Union Hospital; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan China
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Bharadwaj U, Marin-Muller C, Li M, Chen C, Yao Q. Mesothelin overexpression promotes autocrine IL-6/sIL-6R trans-signaling to stimulate pancreatic cancer cell proliferation. Carcinogenesis 2011; 32:1013-24. [PMID: 21515913 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgr075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesothelin (MSLN) overexpression in pancreatic cancer (PC) leads to enhanced cell survival/proliferation and tumor progression. After screening for a number of growth factors/cytokines, we found that the MSLN expression correlated closely with interleukin (IL)-6 in human PC specimens and cell lines. Stably overexpressing MSLN in different PC cell lines (MIA-MSLN and Panc1-MSLN) led to higher IL-6 production. Silencing MSLN by small interfering RNA (siRNA) significantly reduced IL-6 levels. Blocking the observed constitutive activation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) with IKK inhibitor wedelolactone in MIA-MSLN cells also reduced IL-6. Silencing IL-6 by siRNA reduced cell proliferation, cell cycle progression and induced apoptosis with significant decrease of c-myc/bcl-2. Interestingly, recombinant IL-6-induced proliferation of MIA-MSLN cells but not MIA-V cells. Although messenger RNA/protein levels of IL-6R did not vary, soluble IL-6R (sIL-6R) was significantly elevated in MIA-MSLN and was reduced by treatment with the TACE/ADAM17 inhibitor TAPI-1, indicating intramembrane IL-6R cleavage and IL-6 trans-signaling may be operative in MIA-MSLN cells. Blocking the IL-6/sIL-6R axis using sIL-6R antibody abrogated basal proliferation/survival as well as recombinant human IL-6-induced cell proliferation. Our data suggest that MSLN-activated NF-κB induces elevated IL-6 expression, which acts as a growth factor to support PC cell survival/proliferation through a novel auto/paracrine IL-6/sIL-6R trans-signaling. In addition, using a panel of PC cells with varying MSLN/IL-6 expressions, we showed that MSLN/IL-6 axis is a major survival axis in PC supporting tumor cell growth under anchorage-dependent and independent conditions. The close correlation between MSLN and IL-6 provides a new rationale for combination therapy for effective control of MSLN-overexpressing PCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uddalak Bharadwaj
- Molecular Surgeon Research Center, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Gulumian M, Borm PJA, Vallyathan V, Castranova V, Donaldson K, Nelson G, Murray J. Mechanistically identified suitable biomarkers of exposure, effect, and susceptibility for silicosis and coal-worker's pneumoconiosis: a comprehensive review. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART B, CRITICAL REVIEWS 2006; 9:357-95. [PMID: 16990219 DOI: 10.1080/15287390500196537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Clinical detection of silicosis is currently dependent on radiological and lung function abnormalities, both late manifestations of disease. Markers of prediction and early detection of pneumoconiosis are imperative for the implementation of timely intervention strategies. Understanding the underlying mechanisms of the etiology of coal workers pneumoconiosis (CWP) and silicosis was essential in proposing numerous biomarkers that have been evaluated to assess effects following exposure to crystalline silica and/or coal mine dust. Human validation studies have substantiated some of these proposed biomarkers and argued in favor of their use as biomarkers for crystalline silica- and CWP-induced pneumoconiosis. A number of "ideal" biological markers of effect were identified, namely, Clara cell protein-16 (CC16) (serum), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) (monocyte release), interleukin-8 (IL-8) (monocyte release), reactive oxygen species (ROS) measurement by chemiluminescence (neutrophil release), 8-isoprostanes (serum), total antioxidant levels measured by total equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), glutathione, glutathione peroxidase activity, glutathione S-transferase activity, and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) (serum). TNF-alpha polymorphism (blood cellular DNA) was identified as a biomarker of susceptibility. Further studies are planned to test the validity and feasibility of these biomarkers to detect either high exposure to crystalline silica and early silicosis or susceptibility to silicosis in gold miners in South Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gulumian
- Department of Toxicology and Biochemistry Research, National Institute for Occupational Health, Johannesburg, South Africa.
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Liu RM, Liu Y, Forman HJ, Olman M, Tarpey MM. Glutathione regulates transforming growth factor-beta-stimulated collagen production in fibroblasts. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2004; 286:L121-8. [PMID: 12959930 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00231.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) is a potent fibrogenic cytokine. The molecular mechanism underlying TGF-beta fibrogenesis, however, has not been completely elucidated. In this study, we showed that TGF beta decreased the intracellular GSH content in murine embryo fibroblasts (NIH 3T3), which was followed by an increase in collagen I mRNA content and collagen protein production. Prevention of GSH depletion with N-acetylcysteine (NAC), GSH, or GSH ester abrogated TGF-beta-stimulated collagen production, whereas a decrease in intracellular GSH content with L-buthionine-S,R-sulfoximine, an inhibitor of de novo GSH synthesis, enhanced TGF-beta-stimulated collagen production. These results suggest that GSH depletion induced by TGF-beta may mediate TGF-beta-stimulated collagen production. In addition, we showed that TGF-beta stimulated superoxide production and increased release of H2O2 from the cells, whereas GSH ester decreased basal and TGF-beta + glucose oxidase-stimulated H2O2 release. H2O2, exogenously added or continuously generated by glucose oxidase, enhanced TGF-beta-stimulated collagen production, whereas suppression of superoxide production by diphenyliodonium, an NAD(P)H oxidase inhibitor, blocked TGF-beta-stimulated collagen production. These data further suggest that reactive oxygen species are involved in TGF-beta-stimulated collagen production and that the effect of GSH depletion on TGF-beta-stimulated collagen production may be mediated by facilitating reactive oxygen species signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Ming Liu
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1665 University Blvd., 35294-0022, USA.
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Abstract
The frequency, pathology, animal models, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnostic criteria, therapy and prevention of peritoneal sclerosis are reviewed. Many of these aspects have a bimodal configuration which suggests that peritoneal sclerosis, usually considered a single pathology in peritoneal dialysis, is actually two distinct nosological entities: simple sclerosis and sclerosing peritonitis. The former is very frequent, with minor anatomical alterations and low clinical impact; it is reproducible in animals by means of peritoneal dialysis, and is clearly due to the poor biocompatibility of peritoneal dialysis solutions. The latter is rare, with radical anatomical alterations and high mortality requiring valid methods of diagnosis, therapy and prevention; it can only be reproduced in animal models by means other than peritoneal dialysis and seems to be due to factors both related and unrelated to peritoneal dialysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Garosi
- Nephrology and Dialysis Department, Le Scotte Hospital, Siena, Italy.
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10
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Xu L, Sun L, Rollwagen FM, Li Y, Pacheco ND, Pikoulis E, Leppäniemi A, Soltero R, Burris D, Malcolm D, Nielsen TB. Cellular responses to surgical trauma, hemorrhage, and resuscitation with diaspirin cross-linked hemoglobin in rats. THE JOURNAL OF TRAUMA 1997; 42:32-41. [PMID: 9003255 DOI: 10.1097/00005373-199701000-00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resuscitation with acellular oxygen carrier solutions offers the potential advantage of improved oxygen delivery compared with crystalloid solutions, but the detailed consequences of improved resuscitation have not been fully evaluated. This study evaluated local and systemic cellular effects of trauma, hemorrhage, and resuscitation in a model of hemorrhage and surgical trauma. METHODS Rats with a 10 cm full-thickness incisional wound and a 15 mL/kg hemorrhage were either not resuscitated or resuscitated with blood or diaspirin cross-linked hemoglobin (DCLHb). Cellular proliferative responses were evaluated at 1.5, 6, 24, and 48 hours after wounding by labeling in vivo with 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine. Plasma levels of interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interferon-gamma were measured by bioassay or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Bacterial translocation was measured by culturing liver homogenates. RESULTS Trauma inhibited keratinocyte and hepatocyte proliferation at 1.5 and 6 hours, and stimulated subsequent proliferation of keratinocytes and liver nonparenchymal cells. DCLHb stimulated wound keratinocyte proliferation, attenuated the inhibition of hepatocyte proliferation, eliminated bacterial translocation to the liver, protected the intestine from ischemic damage, and induced a rapid increase of interleukin-6 during the early phase of injury. CONCLUSIONS Surgical trauma alone, or in combination with hemorrhage, modulated cell proliferation both in the wound and in the remote organs of intestine and liver. DCLHb enhanced wound healing and cell proliferation as well as, or better than, freshly drawn blood, which may be beneficial for trauma care.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Xu
- Resuscitative Medicine Program, Naval Medical Research Institute, Bethesda, MD 20889-5607, USA
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Schäffer MR, Tantry U, Ahrendt GM, Wasserkrug HL, Barbul A. Stimulation of fibroblast proliferation and matrix contraction by wound fluid. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 1997; 29:231-9. [PMID: 9076958 DOI: 10.1016/s1357-2725(96)00136-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblast proliferation and fibroblast-mediated matrix contraction are critical to wound healing. Different cytokines have been shown to modulate fibroblast functions but little is known about the physiological role of these soluble factors during wound repair. In these experiments we characterized a fibroblast stimulating factor in wound fluid. Wound fluid was obtained from subcutaneously implanted polyvinyl alcohol sponges harvested 10 days post-wounding (pool of 100 Lewis rats). Normal dermal fibroblasts were obtained from Lewis rats by an explant technique, while wound fibroblasts were isolated from sponges harvested 10 days post-wounding. Proliferation in response to 0.5% and 10% fetal bovine serum was assessed by [3H]-thymidine incorporation. A fibroblast-populated collagen lattice was used for assaying contractile properties. Wound fibroblasts demonstrated markedly diminished proliferative and enhanced contractile properties compared to normal dermal fibroblasts. 10% wound fluid (v/v) stimulated proliferation of normal dermal fibroblasts (119%, p < 0.001) and wound fibroblasts (103%, p < 0.001). Wound fluid also stimulated collagen gel contraction by normal dermal fibroblasts (24% at 24 hr and 16% at 72 hr, p < 0.01), but not by wound fibroblasts. Separation by Sephadex G-100 gel filtration identified the active factor in wound fluid to have a molecular weight of about 100 kDa. Characterization of the soluble factor showed it to be a protein (ammonium sulfate precipitation), sensitive to trypsin digestion, heat resistant (56 degrees C, 30 min), and neuraminidase resistant. The isoelectric point appeared to be 7.0, as determined by ion exchange chromatography. Mitogenic proliferation of thymic lymphocytes was not affected by the active factor, suggesting cell target specificity. These data demonstrate that the wound environment contains high molecular weight protein(s) that promote fibroblast functions, essential for the healing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Schäffer
- Department of Surgery, Eberhard-Karls-Universität, Tübingen, Germany
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