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Bono V, Tincati C, Van Den Bogaart L, Cannizzo ES, Rovito R, Augello M, De Bona A, D’Arminio Monforte A, Milazzo L, Marchetti G. Gamma-Delta T-Cell Phenotype and Function in DAA-Treated HIV-HCV Co-Infected and HCV-Mono-Infected Subjects. Viruses 2022; 14:v14081594. [PMID: 35893661 PMCID: PMC9329743 DOI: 10.3390/v14081594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV-HCV co-infected subjects are at risk of liver fibrosis which may be linked to immune imbalances. Direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) represent the mainstay of HCV treatment in co-infected individuals, yet their effects on immune cell populations playing a role in fibrogenesis is unknown. We assessed γδ T-cell phenotype and function, Treg and Th17 frequencies, as well as γ-globulins and B-cell activation in 47 HIV-HCV co-infected and 35 HCV mono-infected individuals prior to and following DAA treatment (SVR12). Γδ T-cell activation decreased in both groups yet persisted at higher levels in the HIV-HCV co-infected subjects. No differences were registered in terms of γδT-cell function. Of note, the Vδ2/Th17 ratio, inversely linked to liver damage, increased significantly in the two groups upon treatment, yet a negative correlation between the Vδ2/Th17 ratio and liver function enzymes was found in the co-infected subjects alone. B-cell activation and γ-globulin levels decreased in both settings, yet B-cell activation remained higher in the HIV-HCV co-infected individuals. In HIV-HCV co-infected and HCV mono-infected participants, the effect of DAA was limited to γδ T- and B-cell activation as well as γ-globulin concentrations and the Vδ2/Th17 ratio, with no changes in γδ T-cell function and Treg frequencies. Importantly, γδ T- and B-cell activation remained at higher levels in the co-infected individuals than in those with HCV mono-infection alone. The persistence of such alterations within these cell subsets may be associated with the risk of hepatic and extrahepatic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Bono
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, San Paolo Hospital, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Via A. di Rudinì, 8, 20142 Milan, Italy; (V.B.); (E.S.C.); (R.R.); (M.A.); (A.D.B.); (A.D.M.); (G.M.)
| | - Camilla Tincati
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, San Paolo Hospital, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Via A. di Rudinì, 8, 20142 Milan, Italy; (V.B.); (E.S.C.); (R.R.); (M.A.); (A.D.B.); (A.D.M.); (G.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +39-02-8184-3064
| | - Lorena Van Den Bogaart
- III Division of Infectious Diseases, Luigi Sacco Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Milan, Via G. B. Grassi 74, 20157 Milan, Italy; (L.V.D.B.); (L.M.)
| | - Elvira Stefania Cannizzo
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, San Paolo Hospital, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Via A. di Rudinì, 8, 20142 Milan, Italy; (V.B.); (E.S.C.); (R.R.); (M.A.); (A.D.B.); (A.D.M.); (G.M.)
| | - Roberta Rovito
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, San Paolo Hospital, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Via A. di Rudinì, 8, 20142 Milan, Italy; (V.B.); (E.S.C.); (R.R.); (M.A.); (A.D.B.); (A.D.M.); (G.M.)
| | - Matteo Augello
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, San Paolo Hospital, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Via A. di Rudinì, 8, 20142 Milan, Italy; (V.B.); (E.S.C.); (R.R.); (M.A.); (A.D.B.); (A.D.M.); (G.M.)
| | - Anna De Bona
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, San Paolo Hospital, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Via A. di Rudinì, 8, 20142 Milan, Italy; (V.B.); (E.S.C.); (R.R.); (M.A.); (A.D.B.); (A.D.M.); (G.M.)
| | - Antonella D’Arminio Monforte
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, San Paolo Hospital, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Via A. di Rudinì, 8, 20142 Milan, Italy; (V.B.); (E.S.C.); (R.R.); (M.A.); (A.D.B.); (A.D.M.); (G.M.)
| | - Laura Milazzo
- III Division of Infectious Diseases, Luigi Sacco Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Milan, Via G. B. Grassi 74, 20157 Milan, Italy; (L.V.D.B.); (L.M.)
| | - Giulia Marchetti
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, San Paolo Hospital, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Via A. di Rudinì, 8, 20142 Milan, Italy; (V.B.); (E.S.C.); (R.R.); (M.A.); (A.D.B.); (A.D.M.); (G.M.)
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Hartling HJ, Birch C, Gaardbo JC, Hove M, Trøseid M, Clausen MR, Gerstoft J, Ullum H, Nielsen SD. T-cell homeostasis in chronic HCV-infected patients treated with interferon and ribavirin or an interferon-free regimen. APMIS 2015; 123:903-11. [PMID: 26279289 DOI: 10.1111/apm.12429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Direct-acting antiviral has replaced pegylated interferon-α and ribavirin-based treatment in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. While interferon-α is immune modulating and causes lymphopenia, interferon-free regimens seem to be well-tolerated. This study aimed to compare T-cell homeostasis before, during, and after HCV treatment with or without interferon-α in patients with chronic HCV infection. A total of 20 patients with chronic HCV infection were treated with pegylated interferon-α and ribavirin, and six patients were treated with an interferon-free regimen. All patients were treated for a minimum of 12 weeks. Interferon-α treatment caused an increase in the density of the receptor for IL-7 (IL-7Rα) during treatment, while interferon-free regimens caused a decrease in IL-7Rα density. After a sustained viral response, proportions of IL-7Rα+ T cells and IL-7Rα density decreased compared to prior treatment values. Finally, a proportion of CD8+ effector memory was lower while proportion of apoptotic T cells was higher after sustained virologic response compared to prior treatment. Despite lymphopenia during interferon, alterations in T-cell homeostasis during treatment were relatively similar in patients receiving interferon-based treatment and in patients receiving interferon-free treatment, and alterations during and after treatment seem to illustrate a reduced need for high levels of T cells aimed at controlling infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Jakob Hartling
- Viro-Immunology Research Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Immunology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Carsten Birch
- Viro-Immunology Research Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Immunology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Julie C Gaardbo
- Viro-Immunology Research Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Immunology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Malene Hove
- Viro-Immunology Research Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Immunology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marius Trøseid
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mette Rye Clausen
- Department of Hepatology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jan Gerstoft
- Viro-Immunology Research Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik Ullum
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Susanne Dam Nielsen
- Viro-Immunology Research Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Jiao YM, Weng WJ, Gao QS, Zhu WJ, Cai WP, Li LH, Li HJ, Gao YQ, Wu H. Hepatitis C therapy with interferon-α and ribavirin reduces the CD4 cell count and the total, 2LTR circular and integrated HIV-1 DNA in HIV/HCV co-infected patients. Antiviral Res 2015; 118:118-22. [PMID: 25823618 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2015.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Revised: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated whether treatment with IFN-α and ribavirin (RBV) reduces 2LTR circular HIV DNA in addition to the total and integrated HIV DNA. Two groups of patients were enrolled. Group 1 comprised HIV/HCV co-infected patients who were treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), IFN-α and RBV for 48 weeks. After the 48 weeks of treatment, IFN-α and RBV treatment was discontinued and HAART was continued. Group 2 comprised HIV-infected patients who were treated with HAART. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to quantify the levels of HIV-1 DNA. We found that compared with Group 2 patients, Group 1 patients exhibited an obvious decrease in the CD4 cell count and the total DNA, 2LTR circular DNA, and integrated HIV DNA after 48 weeks of treatment. After the discontinuation of IFN-α and RBV treatment in Group 1 patients, the levels of HIV DNA recovered. Therefore, we concluded that treatment with IFN-α and ribavirin (RBV) reduces 2LTR circular HIV DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-mei Jiao
- Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Xi Tou Tiao, Youanmen Wai, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Wen-jia Weng
- Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Xi Tou Tiao, Youanmen Wai, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Quan-sheng Gao
- Laboratory of the Animal Center, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, No. 27 Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Wei-jun Zhu
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and AIDS Research Center, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-ping Cai
- Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, No. 627 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Ling-hua Li
- Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, No. 627 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Hong-jun Li
- Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Xi Tou Tiao, Youanmen Wai, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Yan-qing Gao
- Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Xi Tou Tiao, Youanmen Wai, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Hao Wu
- Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Xi Tou Tiao, Youanmen Wai, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China.
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Miedema F, Hazenberg MD, Tesselaar K, van Baarle D, de Boer RJ, Borghans JAM. Immune activation and collateral damage in AIDS pathogenesis. Front Immunol 2013; 4:298. [PMID: 24133492 PMCID: PMC3783946 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past decade, evidence has accumulated that human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-induced chronic immune activation drives progression to AIDS. Studies among different monkey species have shown that the difference between pathological and non-pathological infection is determined by the response of the immune system to the virus, rather than its cytopathicity. Here we review the current understanding of the various mechanisms driving chronic immune activation in HIV infection, the cell types involved, its effects on HIV-specific immunity, and how persistent inflammation may cause AIDS and the wide spectrum of non-AIDS related pathology. We argue that therapeutic relief of inflammation may be beneficial to delay HIV-disease progression and to reduce non-AIDS related pathological side effects of HIV-induced chronic immune stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Miedema
- Department of Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Mette D. Hazenberg
- Department of Internal Medicine and Hematology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Kiki Tesselaar
- Department of Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Debbie van Baarle
- Department of Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Rob J. de Boer
- Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - José A. M. Borghans
- Department of Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
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5
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Hartling HJ, Gaardbo JC, Ronit A, Salem M, Laye M, Clausen MR, Skogstrand K, Gerstoft J, Ullum H, Nielsen SD. Impaired Thymic Output in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection. Scand J Immunol 2013; 78:378-86. [DOI: 10.1111/sji.12096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - M. Salem
- Viro-Immunology Research Unit; Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet; Copenhagen University Hospital; Copenhagen; Denmark
| | - M. Laye
- Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism, Rigshospitalet; Copenhagen University Hospital; Copenhagen; Denmark
| | - M. R. Clausen
- Department of Hepatology, Rigshospitalet; Copenhagen University Hospital; Copenhagen; Denmark
| | - K. Skogstrand
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology; Statens Serum Institute; Copenhagen; Denmark
| | - J. Gerstoft
- Viro-Immunology Research Unit; Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet; Copenhagen University Hospital; Copenhagen; Denmark
| | - H. Ullum
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Rigshospitalet; Copenhagen University Hospital; Copenhagen; Denmark
| | - S. D. Nielsen
- Viro-Immunology Research Unit; Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet; Copenhagen University Hospital; Copenhagen; Denmark
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6
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Effect of hepatitis C treatment on CD4+ T-cell counts and the risk of death in HIV-HCV-coinfected patients: the COHERE collaboration. Antivir Ther 2012; 17:1541-50. [PMID: 22869294 DOI: 10.3851/imp2263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/04/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The short- and long-term effects of anti-hepatitis C treatment on mortality in the HIV-HCV-coinfected population have not been evaluated in observational cohorts. Such evaluations must use methods that allow for time-varying prognostic factors that both predict treatment and are affected by prior treatment. We aimed to study immunological changes in HIV-HCV-coinfected individuals during HCV treatment and to estimate the effect of HCV-treatment on mortality. METHODS Patients were included if they were aged ≥16 years, were HIV-HCV-coinfected and were enrolled in the COHERE cohort. Data were pooled within COHERE in December 2009 in EuroCoord. Random-effects models were used to model immunological changes during HCV treatment. Marginal structural models were used to estimate the effect of HCV treatment on mortality, allowing for time-dependent confounders affected by prior treatment. RESULTS In total, 780/6,433 (12%) HIV-HCV-coinfected patients initiated HCV treatment (interferon [IFN] and ribavirin n=692, IFN alone n=88). CD4(+) T-cell counts decreased during the first 12 weeks of treatment (P<0.0001) and stabilized from week 24 onwards. The estimated mortality hazard ratio for comparing HCV-treated with -untreated individuals was 0.72 (95% CI 0.43, 1.21). The estimated hazard ratio for liver-related death was 0.57 (95% CI 0.21, 1.55). CONCLUSIONS Despite its effect in reducing CD4(+) T-cell counts, the effect of HCV treatment on mortality was in the direction of benefit and our results excluded a substantial increase in mortality. Such benefit may be related to a lower risk of liver-related death. New HCV treatment strategies might contribute to a further reduction in mortality.
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7
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Lambotin M, Barth H, Moog C, Habersetzer F, Baumert TF, Stoll-Keller F, Fafi-Kremer S. Challenges for HCV vaccine development in HIV-HCV coinfection. Expert Rev Vaccines 2012; 11:791-804. [PMID: 22913257 DOI: 10.1586/erv.12.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
It is estimated that 4-5 million HIV-infected patients are coinfected with HCV. The impact of HIV on the natural course of HCV infection is deleterious. This includes a higher rate of HCV persistence and a faster rate of fibrosis progression. Coinfected patients show poor treatment outcome following standard HCV therapy. Although direct antiviral agents offer new therapeutic options, their use is hindered by potential drug interactions and toxicity in HIV-infected patients under HAART. Overtime, a large reservoir of HCV genotype 1 patients will accumulate in resource poor countries where the hepatitis C treatment is not easily affordable and HIV therapy remains the primary health issue for coinfected individuals. HCV vaccines represent a promising strategy as an adjunct or alternative to current HCV therapy. Here, the authors review the pathogenesis of hepatitis C in HIV-infected patients, with a focus on the impact of HIV on HCV-specific immune responses and discuss the challenges for vaccine development in HIV-HCV coinfection.
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Treatment of SIV-infected sooty mangabeys with a type-I IFN agonist results in decreased virus replication without inducing hyperimmune activation. Blood 2012; 119:5750-7. [PMID: 22550346 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2012-02-411496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
A key feature differentiating nonpathogenic SIV infection of sooty mangabeys (SMs) from pathogenic HIV/SIV infections is the rapid resolution of type I IFN (IFN-I) responses and IFN-stimulated gene expression during the acute-to-chronic phase transition and the establishment of an immune quiescent state that persists throughout the chronic infection. We hypothesized that low levels of IFN-I signaling may help to prevent chronic immune activation and disease progression in SIV-infected SMs. To assess the effects of IFN-I signaling in this setting, in the present study, we administered recombinant rhesus macaque IFNα2-IgFc (rmIFNα2) to 8 naturally SIV-infected SMs weekly for 16 weeks. Gene-expression profiling revealed a strong up-regulation of IFN-stimulated genes in the blood of treated animals, confirming the reagent's bioactivity. Interestingly, we observed an approximately 1-log decrease in viral load that persisted through day 35 of treatment. Flow cytometric analysis of lymphocytes in the blood, lymph nodes, and rectal biopsies did not reveal a significant decline of CD4(+) T cells, a robust increase in lymphocyte activation, or change in the level of SIV-specific CD8(+) T cells. The results of the present study indicate that administration of type I IFNs in SIV-infected SMs induces a significant anti-viral effect that is not associated with a detectable increase in chronic immune activation.
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Beq S, Rozlan S, Pelletier S, Willems B, Bruneau J, Lelievre JD, Levy Y, Shoukry NH, Cheynier R. Altered thymic function during interferon therapy in HCV-infected patients. PLoS One 2012; 7:e34326. [PMID: 22529911 PMCID: PMC3328332 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2011] [Accepted: 02/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon alpha (IFNα) therapy, despite good efficacy in curing HCV infection, leads to major side effects, in particular inducement of a strong peripheral T-cell lymphocytopenia. We here analyze the early consequences of IFNα therapy on both thymic function and peripheral T-cell homeostasis in patients in the acute or chronic phase of HCV-infection as well as in HIV/HCV co-infected patients. The evolution of T-cell subsets and T-cell homeostasis were estimated by flow cytometry while thymic function was measured through quantification of T-cell receptor excision circles (TREC) and estimation of intrathymic precursor T-cell proliferation during the first four months following the initiation of IFNα therapy. Beginning with the first month of therapy, a profound lymphocytopenia was observed for all T-cell subsets, including naïve T-cells and recent thymic emigrants (RTE), associated with inhibition of intrathymic precursor T-cell proliferation. Interleukin (IL)-7 plasma concentration rapidly dropped while lymphocytopenia progressed. This was neither a consequence of higher consumption of the cytokine nor due to its neutralization by soluble CD127. Decrease in IL-7 plasma concentration under IFNα therapy correlated with the decline in HCV viral load, thymic activity and RTE concentration in blood. These data demonstrate that IFNα-based therapy rapidly impacts on thymopoiesis and, consequently, perturbs T-cell homeostasis. Such a side effect might be detrimental for the continuation of IFNα therapy and may lead to an increased level of infectious risk, in particular in HIV/HCV co-infected patients. Altogether, this study suggests the therapeutic potential of IL-7 in the maintenance of peripheral T-cell homeostasis in IFNα-treated patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Beq
- Département de Virologie, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Sandra Rozlan
- Département de Virologie, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Sandy Pelletier
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Hôpital St-Luc, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Département de microbiologie et immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Bernard Willems
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Hôpital St-Luc, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Département de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Julie Bruneau
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Hôpital St-Luc, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Département de médecine familiale, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jean-Daniel Lelievre
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Groupe Henri-Mondor Albert-Chenevier, Immunologie Clinique, INSERM, U955, Université Paris 12, Créteil, France
| | - Yves Levy
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Groupe Henri-Mondor Albert-Chenevier, Immunologie Clinique, INSERM, U955, Université Paris 12, Créteil, France
| | - Naglaa H. Shoukry
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Hôpital St-Luc, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Département de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Rémi Cheynier
- Département de Virologie, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Inserm U1016, Département Immunologie-Hématologie, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR 8104, Paris, France
- Faculté de Médecine René Descartes, Université Paris Descartes, UMR-S 8104, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
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Zhang Y, Liu Y, Zhao Y, Shi L, Ma L, Yan H, Wu H, Wei L, Dong T, Chen X. Hepatitis C virus nonstructural protein specific T cells are associated with virological responses to combination therapy in chronic HCV patients. Liver Int 2012; 32:102-9. [PMID: 22098382 DOI: 10.1111/j.1478-3231.2011.02652.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2011] [Accepted: 08/26/2011] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Virus-specific T-cell responses play a major role in antiviral immune response. However, the effect of hepatitis C virus (HCV)-specific T-cell responses on combination therapy still remains controversial. AIMS To identify the association between HCV-specific T cell responses and efficiency of combination therapy. METHODS To address this issue, a longitudinal analysis of HCV-specific T-cell responses to overlapping peptides covering HCV-nonstructural protein (NS) was performed using ELISpot assay in 48 chronically infected HCV-1b patients during combination treatment with peginterferon-alfa and ribavirin. RESULTS Fifty-two percent of chronic HCV patients showed detectable HCV-NS3, NS4 or NS5A specific T-cell responses before therapy, with NS3 appearing to be the most immunodominant protein followed by NS5A and NS4. In addition, the percentage of patients responding to peptide stimulation was higher in patients with sustained virological response (SVR) when compared with those without SVR. Dynamics of HCV-NS-specific T-cell responses were further analysed; we found that HCV-specific T-cell responses maintained higher levels at 12 weeks into treatment in patients with SVR. In contrast, HCV-specific T-cell responses in patients without SVR declined significantly at 4 weeks into treatment and maintained low levels at 12 weeks. CONCLUSION We found that the HCV-specific T-cell responses were associated with good viral control in patients with combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghong Zhang
- Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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11
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Altered Phenotype and Functionality of Circulating Immune Cells Characterize Adult Patients with Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis. J Clin Immunol 2011; 31:1120-30. [DOI: 10.1007/s10875-011-9571-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2011] [Accepted: 07/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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12
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Massanella M, Tural C, Papagno L, Garcia E, Jou A, Bofill M, Autran B, Clotet B, Blanco J. Changes in T-cell subsets in HIV-HCV-coinfected patients during pegylated interferon-alpha2a plus ribavirin treatment. Antivir Ther 2010; 15:333-42. [PMID: 20516553 DOI: 10.3851/imp1531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We evaluated the effect of different doses of pegylated interferon (PEG-IFN)-alpha2a/ribavirin (RBV) on several T-cell activation markers in HIV-HCV-coinfected patients and their relationship with changes in plasma HCV RNA. METHODS Frozen peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 22 patients receiving two different PEG-IFN-alpha2a schedules were analysed by six-colour flow cytometry. Cell-surface expression of CD38 was quantified. HIV and HCV viral loads, as well as absolute CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell counts, were recorded during the follow up (72 weeks). RESULTS PEG-IFN-alpha2a/RBV treatment decreased the absolute numbers of CD8+ and CD4+ T-cells. The decrease in CD8+ T-cells was more pronounced, resulting in increased percentages of CD4+ T-cells. Percentages of naive/memory CD4+ T-cell subsets remained unchanged, although the percentage of CD38+CD45RO+ cells significantly increased. By contrast, the CD8+ T-cell compartment significantly reduced the percentage of CD45RO+ cells and HLA-DR+ cells, whereas the percentage of CD38 expressing cells was increased because of a significant increase in cell-surface CD38 expression. Changes in CD8+ T-cells were similar for both PEG-IFN-alpha2a/RBV doses, but high doses induced more severe perturbations in CD4+ T-cells. All changes returned to baseline levels after treatment cessation and, except for the loss of naive CD4+ T-cells, were not associated with virological response. CONCLUSIONS Transient lymphopaenia induced by PEG-IFN-alpha2a/RBV differentially affects T-cell subsets. Activated HLA-DR+ and CD45RO+ cells were selectively reduced in peripheral blood, whereas CD38 expression was up-regulated mainly in memory cells. Increasing PEG-IFN-alpha2a/RBV doses mainly affect CD4+ T-cells but failed to modify clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Massanella
- Fundació irsiCaixa-HIVACAT, Institut de Recerca en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Hospital Germans Trias, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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Interleukin-7 treatment counteracts IFN-α therapy-induced lymphopenia and stimulates SIV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses in SIV-infected rhesus macaques. Blood 2010; 116:5589-99. [PMID: 20841508 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2010-03-276261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon-α (IFN-α)-based therapy is presently the standard treatment for hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected patients. Despite good effectiveness, this cytokine is associated with major side effects, including significant lymphopenia, that limits its use for HIV/HCV-coinfected patients. Interleukin-7 (IL-7) has recently shown therapeutic potential and safety in several clinical trials designed to demonstrate T-cell restoration in immunodeficient patients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate, in simian immunodeficiency virus-infected rhesus macaques, the relevance of IL-7 therapy as a means to overcoming IFN-α-induced lymphopenia. We showed that low-dose IFN-α treatment induced strong lymphopenia in chronically infected monkeys. In contrast, high-dose IFN-α treatment stimulated IL-7 production, leading to increased circulating T-cell counts. Moreover, IL-7 therapy more than abrogated the lymphopenic effect of low-dose IFN-α. Indeed, the association of both cytokines resulted in increased circulating T-cell counts, in particular in the naive compartments, as a consequence of central and peripheral homeostatic functions of the IL-7. Finally, reduced PD-1 expression by memory CD8(+) T cells and transient T-cell repertoire diversification were observed under IL-7 therapy. Our data strongly suggest that IL-7 immunotherapy will be of substantial benefit in the treatment of HIV/HCV coinfection and should enhance the likelihood of HCV eradication in poorly responding patients.
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Lee S, Hammond T, Watson MW, Flexman JP, Cheng W, Fernandez S, Price P. Could a loss of memory T cells limit responses to hepatitis C virus (HCV) antigens in blood leucocytes from patients chronically infected with HCV before and during pegylated interferon-alpha and ribavirin therapy? Clin Exp Immunol 2010; 161:118-26. [PMID: 20408862 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2010.04141.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The proportions and activation status of T cells may influence responses to hepatitis C virus (HCV) and treatment outcome in patients receiving pegylated interferon (IFN)-alpha/ribavirin therapy. We confirmed that IFN-gamma enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) responses to HCV are poor in HCV patients and showed that responses to HCV and cytomegalovirus (CMV) antigens decrease during therapy. This was most apparent in patients with sustained virological response (SVR). Baseline frequencies of CD4+ effector memory (TEM) T cells were lower in SVR than non-SVR. Proportions of CD4+ and CD8+ TEM and terminally differentiated effector memory (TEMRA) T cells declined on therapy in SVR, as did proportions of Fas+ CD8+ TEMRA T cells. Baseline frequencies of programmed death (PD)-1-expressing CD4+ TEM and TEMRA T-cells were higher in SVR. Therapy increased percentages of PD-1+ CD4+ central memory (TCM) T cells and PD-1+ CD8+ TEM and TEMRA T cells in SVR. We conclude that successful therapy depletes circulating antigen-specific CD4+ T cell responses. This paralleled decreases in proportions of effector memory T cells and higher percentages of CD4+ TCM T cells expressing PD-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease, Centre for Clinical Immunology and Biomedical Statistics, Royal Perth Hospital, School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, WA, Australia.
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Baron ML, Gauchat D, La Motte-Mohs R, Kettaf N, Abdallah A, Michiels T, Zúñiga-Pflücker JC, Sékaly RP. TLR Ligand-Induced Type I IFNs Affect Thymopoiesis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2008; 180:7134-46. [PMID: 18490712 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.180.11.7134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The interactions between TLRs and their ligands have profound immune modulation properties. Attention has focused mostly on the impact of TLR ligands on peripheral innate and adaptive immunity during viral infections, whereas little impact of TLR activation has been shown on thymic development. Here we show that treatment of murine fetal thymic organ cultures (FTOCs) with TLR3 or TLR7 ligands induced rapid expression of IFN-alpha and -beta mRNA, hallmarks of acute and chronic viral infections. This resulted in an early developmental blockade, increased frequencies of apoptotic cells, and decreased proliferation of thymocytes, which led to an immediate decrease in cellularity. FTOCs infected with vesicular stomatitis virus, known to act through TLR7, were similarly affected. Down-regulation of IL-7R alpha-chain expression, together with an increased expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling-1 and a concomitant decreased expression of the transcriptional regulator growth factor independence 1 were observed in TLR ligands or IFN-treated FTOCs. This indicates a role for these pathways in the observed changes in thymocyte development. Taken together, our data demonstrate that TLR activation and ensuing type I IFN production exert a deleterious effect on T cell development. Because TLR ligands are widely used as vaccine adjuvants, their immunomodulatory actions mediated mainly by IFN-alpha suggested by our results should be taken in consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Laurence Baron
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie, Immunologie Humaine, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Hôpital Saint-Luc, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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