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Zhao L, Lv Y, Zhou X, Guo Z, Li H, Guo Y, Liu T, Tu L, Zhu L, Tao J, Shen G, He Y, Lei P. Secreted glucose regulated protein78 ameliorates DSS-induced mouse colitis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:986175. [PMID: 36776831 PMCID: PMC9909966 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.986175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The secreted form of 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein (sGRP78) has been widely reported for its property in aiding resolution of inflammatory. However, little is known on its potential in the treatment of colitis. To investigate the expression pattern and functional outcome of GRP78 in ulcerative colitis, its expression was measured in human and murine colitis samples. It was found that GRP78 was spontaneously secreted to a high level in gut, which is a physiological site of immune tolerance. During the active phase of DSS-induced colitis, the sGRP78 level was significantly reduced but rebounded quickly during resolving phase, making it a potential candidate for the treatment of colitis. In the following experiments, the administration of sGRP78 was proved to decrease susceptibility to experimental colitis, as indicated by an overall improvement of intestinal symptoms, restoration of TJ integrity, decreased infiltration of immune cells and impaired production of inflammatory cytokines. And specific cleavage of endogenous sGRP78 could aggravate DSS colitis. Adoptive transfer of sGRP78-conditioned BMDMs reduced inflammation in the gut. We linked sGRP78 treatment with altered macrophage biology and skewed macrophage polarization by inhibiting the TLR4-dependent MAP-kinases and NF-κB pathways. Based on these studies, as a naturally occurring immunomodulatory molecule, sGRP78 might be an attractive novel therapeutic agent for acute intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhao
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China,Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yibing Lv
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoqi Zhou
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zilong Guo
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Heli Li
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanyan Guo
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lei Tu
- Department of Cancer Center, Affiliated Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Liangru Zhu
- Department of Cancer Center, Affiliated Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Juan Tao
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guanxin Shen
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong He
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,*Correspondence: Ping Lei, ; Yong He,
| | - Ping Lei
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China,*Correspondence: Ping Lei, ; Yong He,
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Zhou X, Yang M, Lv Y, Li H, Wu S, Min J, Shen G, He Y, Lei P. Adoptive transfer of GRP78-treated dendritic cells alleviates insulitis in NOD mice. J Leukoc Biol 2021; 110:1023-1031. [PMID: 34643294 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3ma0921-219rrrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78) has extracellular, anti-inflammatory properties that can aid resolving inflammation. It has been established previously that GRP78 induced myeloid CD11c+ cell differentiation into distinct tolerogenic cells. This tolerance induction makes GRP78 a potential therapeutic agent for transplanted allogeneic grafts and autoimmune diseases, such as type 1 diabetes. In this research, it is revealed that rmGRP78-treated NOD mice bone marrow-derived CD11c+ cells (GRP78-DCs) highly expressed B7-H4 but down-regulated CD86 and CD40, and retained a tolerogenic signature even after stimulation by LPS. In the assessment of in vivo therapeutic efficacy after the adoptive transfer of GRP78-DCs into NOD mice, fluorescent imaging analyses revealed that the transfer specifically homed in inflamed pancreases, promoting β-cell survival and alleviating insulitis in NOD mice. The adoptive transfer of GRP78-DCs also helped reduce Th1, Th17, and CTL, suppressing inflammatory cytokine production in vivo. The findings suggest that adoptive GRP78-DC transfer is critical to resolving inflammation in NOD mice and may have relevance in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqi Zhou
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Muyang Yang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,College of Biomedicine and Health and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yibing Lv
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Heli Li
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Sha Wu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Min
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guanxin Shen
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong He
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ping Lei
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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GRP78 and next generation cancer hallmarks: An underexplored molecular target in cancer chemoprevention research. Biochimie 2020; 175:69-76. [PMID: 32422159 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Glucose regulated protein 78 (GRP 78), a master regulator of endoplasmic reticulum stress has been reported to be up regulated in various cancers and remains a crucial link between tumor glycolysis and tumor microenvironment. Overexpressed GRP78 has also shown to induce immune suppressive molecules and thereby tumor immune evasion. On the other hand emerging reports indicates that the next generation hallmarks viz., metabolic reprogramming and immune evasion, the two distinct processes are suggested to be fundamentally linked which is yet to be explored. Our concern is, if GRP78 is considered as a connecting link between these two different processes then targeting this triangle would be a promising approach in anticancer drug discovery. Lack of sufficient literature on this aspect represents GRP78 as an under explored target in anti-cancer research. The objective of this review is to provide a concise and integrated information on GRP78 and its association with tumor glycolysis and immune evasion which will revive and draw attention of the researchers to consider GRP78 as a potential drug target for cancer intervention and it also highlights few potential natural products investigated so far as GRP78 inhibitors.
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Abstract
Macrophages are the main immune-competent cells that infiltrate in tumors. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), termed M2 macrophages, facilitate tumor progress and promote metastasis. However, M2 macrophages always display an immunosuppressive phenotype, which is not in accordance with the tumor inflammatory microenvironment and inflammation-related metastasis. In this study, we established a macrophage polarization model with human monocytes and found that the conditioned medium from M2 macrophages increased GRP78 expression in tumor cells and facilitated tumor cell migration. Mechanistically, excessive GRP78 formed a protein complex with STAT3 and JAK2 to promote STAT3 phosphorylation. Furthermore, p-STAT3 facilitated the high expression of inflammatory factors IL-1β and TNF-α in tumor cells, which was important in M2 macrophage-induced metastasis. The present data demonstrate that M2 macrophages elevate tumor cell GRP78 expression to trigger an inflammatory response, which further facilitates tumor metastasis. Therefore, our study not only uncovered a new cause of GRP78 overexpression in tumor cell, but also, explained the antinomy of TAMs immunosuppressive properties and inflammation-related tumor metastasis.
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Qin K, Ma S, Li H, Wu M, Sun Y, Fu M, Guo Z, Zhu H, Gong F, Lei P, Shen G. GRP78 Impairs Production of Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Cytokines by Interaction with CD14. Front Immunol 2017; 8:579. [PMID: 28588578 PMCID: PMC5440525 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78) is a stress-inducible chaperone that resides primarily in the endoplasmic reticulum. GRP78 has been described to be released at times of cellular stress and as having extracellular properties that are anti-inflammatory or favor the resolution of inflammation. In the current study, we confirmed that GRP78 impaired the production of lipopolysaccharide-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines in GRP78-treated bone-marrow-derived dendritic cells (DCs). To explore the underlying mechanism, first of all, GRP78 was checked to be bound to the plasma membrane. Interestingly, such binding promoted endocytosis of toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 and reduction in TLR4 on the plasma surface had a key role in desensitization of GRP78-treated DCs to lipopolysaccharide. Given that cluster of differentiation (CD)14 is a crucial regulator of TLR4 endocytosis, interaction of GRP78 with CD14 was investigated next. Data showed that GRP78 co-localized with CD14 on the plasma membrane and glutathione-S-transferase-GRP78 precipitated CD14. In CD14 knockout mice, down-regulation of tumor necrosis factor-α and reduction in TLR4 on the plasma surface were abrogated in GRP78-treated DCs. Overall, these data suggested that GRP78 mediates endocytosis of TLR4 by targeting CD14 to favor the resolution of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Qin
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Simin Ma
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Heli Li
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuanli Sun
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mingpeng Fu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zilong Guo
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huifen Zhu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Feili Gong
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ping Lei
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guanxin Shen
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Yang M, Zhang F, Qin K, Wu M, Li H, Zhu H, Ning Q, Lei P, Shen G. Glucose-Regulated Protein 78-Induced Myeloid Antigen-Presenting Cells Maintained Tolerogenic Signature upon LPS Stimulation. Front Immunol 2016; 7:552. [PMID: 27990144 PMCID: PMC5131008 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein (Grp78) is stress-inducible chaperone that mostly reside in the endoplasmic reticulum. Grp78 has been described to be released at times of cellular stress and as having extracellular properties that are anti-inflammatory or favor the resolution of inflammation. As antigen-presenting cells (APCs) play a critical role in both the priming of adaptive immune responses and the induction of self-tolerance, herein, we investigated the effect of Grp78 on the maturation of murine myeloid APCs (CD11c+ cells). Results showed that CD11c+ cells could be bound by AF488-labeled Grp78 and that Grp78 treatment induced a tolerogenic phenotype comparable to immature cells. Furthermore, when exposed to lipopolysaccharide, Grp78-treated CD11c+ cells (DCGrp78) did not adopt a mature dendritic cell phenotype. DCGrp78-primed T cells exhibited reduced proliferation along with a concomitant expansion of CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ cells in pancreaticoduodenal lymph nodes and induction of T cell apoptosis in vitro and ex vivo. The above work suggests that Grp78 is an immunomodulatory molecule that could aid resolution of inflammation. It may thus contribute to induce durable tolerance to be of potential therapeutic benefit in transplanted allogeneic grafts and autoimmune diseases such as type I diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muyang Yang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Infectious Disease, Institute of Infectious Disease, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China
| | - Kai Qin
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China
| | - Heli Li
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China
| | - Huifen Zhu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China
| | - Qin Ning
- Department of Infectious Disease, Institute of Infectious Disease, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China
| | - Ping Lei
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China
| | - Guanxin Shen
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China
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Borges TJ, Lang BJ, Lopes RL, Bonorino C. Modulation of Alloimmunity by Heat Shock Proteins. Front Immunol 2016; 7:303. [PMID: 27555846 PMCID: PMC4977877 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The immunological mechanisms that evolved for host defense against pathogens and injury are also responsible for transplant rejection. Host rejection of foreign tissue was originally thought to be mediated mainly by T cell recognition of foreign MHC alleles. Management of solid organ transplant rejection has thus focused mainly on inhibition of T cell function and matching MHC alleles between donor and host. Recently, however, it has been demonstrated that the magnitude of the initial innate immune responses upon transplantation has a decisive impact on rejection. The exact mechanisms underlying this phenomenon have yet to be characterized. Ischemic cell death and inflammation that occur upon transplantation are synonymous with extracellular release of various heat shock proteins (Hsps), many of which have been shown to have immune-modulatory properties. Here, we review the impact of Hsps upon alloimmunity and discuss the potential use of Hsps as accessory agents to improve solid organ transplant outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago J Borges
- Faculdade de Biociências e Instituto de Pesquisas Biomédicas, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul , Brazil
| | - Benjamin J Lang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Center for Life Sciences, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA , USA
| | - Rafael L Lopes
- Faculdade de Biociências e Instituto de Pesquisas Biomédicas, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul , Brazil
| | - Cristina Bonorino
- Faculdade de Biociências e Instituto de Pesquisas Biomédicas, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul , Brazil
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Jiang Q, Sun Y, Guo Z, Fu M, Wang Q, Zhu H, Lei P, Shen G. Overexpression of GRP78 enhances survival of CHO cells in response to serum deprivation and oxidative stress. Eng Life Sci 2016; 17:107-116. [PMID: 32624757 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201500152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are regarded as one of the most commonly used mammalian hosts, which decreases the productivity due to loss in culture viability. Overexpressing antiapoptosis genes in CHO cells was developed as a means of limiting cell death upon exposure to environmental insults. Glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) is traditionally regarded as a major ER chaperone that participates in protein folding and other cell processes. It is also a potent antiapoptotic protein and plays a critical role in cell survival, proliferation, and metastasis. In this study, the impact of GRP78 on CHO cells in response to environmental insults such as serum deprivation and oxidative stress was investigated. First, it was confirmed that CHO cells were very sensitive to environmental insults. Then, GRP78 overexpressing CHO cell line was established and exposed to serum deprivation and H2O2. Results showed that GRP78 engineering increased the viability and decreased the apoptosis of CHO cells. The survival advantage due to GRP78 engineering could be mediated by suppression of caspase-3 involved in cell death pathways in stressed cells. Besides, GRP78 engineering also enhanced yields of antibody against transferrin receptor in CHO cells. GRP78 should be a potential application in the biopharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Jiang
- Department of Immunology School of Basic Medicine Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Hubei China
| | - Yuanli Sun
- Department of Immunology School of Basic Medicine Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Hubei China
| | - Zilong Guo
- Department of Immunology School of Basic Medicine Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Hubei China
| | - Mingpeng Fu
- Department of Immunology School of Basic Medicine Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Hubei China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Immunology Medical College of Wuhan University of Science and Technology Hubei China
| | - Huifen Zhu
- Department of Immunology School of Basic Medicine Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Hubei China
| | - Ping Lei
- Department of Immunology School of Basic Medicine Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Hubei China
| | - Guanxin Shen
- Department of Immunology School of Basic Medicine Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Hubei China
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Zhang X, Zhang R, Yang H, Xiang Q, Jiang Q, He Q, Zhang T, Chen C, Zhu H, Wang Q, Ning Q, Li Y, Lei P, Shen G. Hepatitis B virus enhances cisplatin-induced hepatotoxicity via a mechanism involving suppression of glucose-regulated protein of 78 Kda. Chem Biol Interact 2016; 254:45-53. [PMID: 27234046 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 04/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Cisplatin is a classical platinum-based chemotherapeutic drug used in the treatment of many cancer types, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The application of cisplatin is significantly limited by its toxicity, which may be affected by various biological factors. Persistence of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection leads to HCC development and may be associated with higher incidence of severe hepatitis during chemotherapy. However, whether HBV alters the susceptibility of hepatocytes to cisplatin remains poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that HBV transfection enhanced cisplatin-induced hepatotoxicity via a mechanism involving suppression of glucose-regulated protein of 78 KDa (Grp78), a major stress-induced chaperone that localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum. Silencing Grp78 gene increased the susceptibility of HepG2 to cisplatin by activating caspase-3. Grp78 expression was down-regulated by HBV infection both in vitro and in liver tissues of patients. We compared the cisplatin sensitivity of hepatoma cells either expressing (HepG2.2.15 cells) or not expressing the entire Hepatitis B Virus genome (HepG2). HepG2.2.15 cells showed increased sensitivity to cisplatin and a higher apoptosis rate. Overexpression of Grp78 counteracted the increase of sensitivity of HepG2.215 cells to cisplatin. Furthermore, we found that HBV disrupted Grp78 synthesis in response to cisplatin stimulation, which may trigger severe and prolonged endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress that can induce cellular apoptosis. Our findings provide new information into the effect of HBV in the modulation of Grp78 expression, and, consequently on cisplatin-induced hepatotoxicity during viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, PR China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Pu'ai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, PR China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, PR China
| | - HuiOu Yang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, PR China
| | - Qian Xiang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, PR China
| | - Qing Jiang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, PR China
| | - Qi He
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, PR China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, PR China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, PR China
| | - Huifen Zhu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, PR China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Immunology, Medical College of Wuhan University of Science and Technology, PR China
| | - Qin Ning
- Department of Infectious Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, PR China
| | - Yiwu Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, PR China
| | - Ping Lei
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, PR China.
| | - Guanxin Shen
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, PR China.
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Aghamollaei H, Mousavi Gargari SL, Ghanei M, Rasaee MJ, Amani J, Bakherad H, Farnoosh G. Structure prediction, expression, and antigenicity of c-terminal of GRP78. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2016; 64:117-125. [PMID: 26549515 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Aghamollaei
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center; Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | | | - Mostafa Ghanei
- Chemical Injuries Research Center; Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Mohamad Javad Rasaee
- Medical Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Medical sciences; Tarbiat Modares University; Tehran Iran
| | - Jafar Amani
- Applied Microbiology Research Center; Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Hamid Bakherad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of pharmacy; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Gholamreza Farnoosh
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center; Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
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Tang Y, Jiang Q, Ou Y, Zhang F, Qing K, Sun Y, Lu W, Zhu H, Gong F, Lei P, Shen G. BIP induces mice CD19 hi regulatory B cells producing IL-10 and highly expressing PD-L1, FasL. Mol Immunol 2016; 69:44-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2015.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2015] [Revised: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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12
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Rodvold JJ, Mahadevan NR, Zanetti M. Immune modulation by ER stress and inflammation in the tumor microenvironment. Cancer Lett 2015; 380:227-36. [PMID: 26525580 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
It is now increasingly evident that the immune system represents a barrier to tumor emergence, growth, and recurrence. Although this idea was originally proposed almost 50 years ago as the "immune surveillance hypothesis", it is commonly recognized that, with few rare exceptions, tumor cells always prevail. Thus, one of the central unsolved paradoxes of tumor immunology is how a tumor escapes immune control, which is reflected in the lack of effective autochthonous or vaccine-induced anti-tumor T cell responses. In this review, we discuss the role of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response/unfolded protein response (UPR) in the immunomodulation of myeloid cells and T cells. Specifically, we will discuss how the tumor cell UPR polarizes myeloid cells in a cell-extrinsic manner, and how in turn, thus polarized myeloid cells negatively affect T cell activation and clonal expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey J Rodvold
- The Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Medicine and Moores Cancer Center, University of California, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093-0815
| | - Navin R Mahadevan
- The Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Medicine and Moores Cancer Center, University of California, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093-0815
| | - Maurizio Zanetti
- The Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Medicine and Moores Cancer Center, University of California, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093-0815.
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Zhang L, Li Z, Fan Y, Li H, Li Z, Li Y. Overexpressed GRP78 affects EMT and cell-matrix adhesion via autocrine TGF-β/Smad2/3 signaling. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2015; 64:202-11. [PMID: 25934251 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2015.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Revised: 04/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Glucose-regulated protein of 78kD (GRP78) is a multifunctional protein belonging to the heat shock protein 70 family. Overexpression of GRP78 triggered by environmental and physiological stresses is positively correlated with the occurrence and progression of various tumors, but the molecular mechanisms have not been well established. The present study indicated that overexpression of GRP78 in colon cancer cells could promote cell-matrix adhesion through the upregulation of fibronectin, integrin-β1 and phosphorylated FAK. Meanwhile, it resulted in a visible epithelial-mesenchymal transition in DLD1 cells, and the Snail-2 played the key role during the process. More importantly, the data indicated that GRP78 overexpression facilitated the expression and secretion of TGF-β1, which further activated the downstream Smad2/3 signaling module to effectuate the cell-matrix adhesion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Taken together, this study provides a novel molecular mechanism involving in the effects of GRP78 on colon cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lichao Zhang
- Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Zongwei Li
- Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Yongsheng Fan
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Hanqing Li
- Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Zhouyu Li
- Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| | - Yaoping Li
- Shanxi Tumor Hospital, Taiyuan 030006, China
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14
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Shields AM, Klavinskis LS, Antoniou M, Wooley PH, Collins HL, Panayi GS, Thompson SJ, Corrigall VM. Systemic gene transfer of binding immunoglobulin protein (BiP) prevents disease progression in murine collagen-induced arthritis. Clin Exp Immunol 2015; 179:210-9. [PMID: 25228326 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Summary Recombinant human binding immunoglobulin protein (BiP) has previously demonstrated anti-inflammatory properties in multiple models of inflammatory arthritis. We investigated whether these immunoregulatory properties could be exploited using gene therapy techniques. A single intraperitoneal injection of lentiviral vector containing the murine BiP (Lenti-mBiP) or green fluorescent protein (Lenti-GFP) transgene was administered in low- or high-dose studies during early arthritis. Disease activity was assessed by visual scoring, histology, serum cytokine and antibody production measured by cell enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and ELISA, respectively. Lentiviral vector treatment caused significant induction of interferon (IFN)-γ responses regardless of the transgene; however, further specific effects were directly attributable to the BiP transgene. In both studies Lenti-mBiP suppressed clinical arthritis significantly. Histological examination showed that low-dose Lenti-mBiP suppressed inflammatory cell infiltration, cartilage destruction and significantly reduced pathogenic anti-type II collagen (CII) antibodies. Lenti-mBiP treatment caused significant up-regulation of soluble cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (sCTLA-4) serum levels and down-regulation of interleukin (IL)-17A production in response to CII cell restimulation. In-vitro studies confirmed that Lenti-mBiP spleen cells could significantly suppress the release of IL-17A from CII primed responder cells following CII restimulation in vitro, and this suppression was associated with increased IL-10 production. Neutralization of CTLA-4 in further co-culture experiments demonstrated inverse regulation of IL-17A production. In conclusion, these data demonstrate proof of principle for the therapeutic potential of systemic lentiviral vector delivery of the BiP transgene leading to immunoregulation of arthritis by induction of soluble CTLA-4 and suppression of IL-17A production.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Shields
- Academic Department of Rheumatology, King's College London, London, UK
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15
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Gutiérrez T, Simmen T. Endoplasmic reticulum chaperones and oxidoreductases: critical regulators of tumor cell survival and immunorecognition. Front Oncol 2014; 4:291. [PMID: 25386408 PMCID: PMC4209815 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2014.00291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperones and oxidoreductases are abundant enzymes that mediate the production of fully folded secretory and transmembrane proteins. Resisting the Golgi and plasma membrane-directed “bulk flow,” ER chaperones and oxidoreductases enter retrograde trafficking whenever they are pulled outside of the ER by their substrates. Solid tumors are characterized by the increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), combined with reduced blood flow that leads to low oxygen supply and ER stress. Under these conditions, hypoxia and the unfolded protein response upregulate their target genes. When this occurs, ER oxidoreductases and chaperones become important regulators of tumor growth. However, under these conditions, these proteins not only promote the folding of proteins, but also alter the properties of the plasma membrane and hence modulate tumor immune recognition. For instance, high levels of calreticulin serve as an “eat-me” signal on the surface of tumor cells. Conversely, both intracellular and surface BiP/GRP78 promotes tumor growth. Other ER folding assistants able to modulate the properties of tumor tissue include protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), Ero1α and GRP94. Understanding the roles and mechanisms of ER chaperones in regulating tumor cell functions and immunorecognition will lead to important insight for the development of novel cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomás Gutiérrez
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta , Edmonton, AB , Canada
| | - Thomas Simmen
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta , Edmonton, AB , Canada
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16
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Li Z, Li Z. Glucose regulated protein 78: a critical link between tumor microenvironment and cancer hallmarks. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2012; 1826:13-22. [PMID: 22426159 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2012.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2012] [Revised: 02/26/2012] [Accepted: 02/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Glucose regulated protein 78 (GRP78) has long been recognized as a molecular chaperone in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and can be induced by the ER stress response. Besides its location in the ER, GRP78 has been found to be present in cell plasma membrane, cytoplasm, mitochondria, nucleus as well as cellular secretions. GRP78 is implicated in tumor cell proliferation, apoptosis resistance, immune escape, metastasis and angiogenesis, and its elevated expression usually correlates with a variety of tumor microenvironmental stresses, including hypoxia, glucose deprivation, lactic acidosis and inflammatory response. GRP78 protein acts as a centrally located sensor of stress, which feels and adapts to the alteration in the tumor microenvironment. This article reviews the potential contributions of GRP78 to the acquisition of cancer hallmarks based on intervening in stress responses caused by tumor niche alterations. The paper also introduces several potential GRP78 relevant targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongwei Li
- Institute of Biotechnology, The Key Laboratory of Clinical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Education Ministry, Shanxi University, 030006 Taiyuan, PR China
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17
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Shields AM, Thompson SJ, Panayi GS, Corrigall VM. Pro-resolution immunological networks: binding immunoglobulin protein and other resolution-associated molecular patterns. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2011; 51:780-8. [PMID: 22190690 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/ker412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Appropriate regulation and subsequent resolution of acute inflammatory events is critical to the prevention of autoinflammatory diseases. Indeed, the chronic inflammation observed in diseases such as RA is at least partially consequent on the failure of endogenous immunoregulation. Current RA therapies (e.g. anti-TNF-α inhibitors and MTX) inhibit components of the inflammatory disease process without directly promoting the resolution of inflammation. We propose that the next generation of RA therapeutics will complement and augment endogenous immunoregulatory and pro-resolution immunological networks, thus promoting the definitive resolution of inflammation rather than temporary immunological control. Of particular interest with respect to this therapeutic approach is binding immunoglobulin protein [BiP; also known as glucose-regulated protein-78 (GRP78)], a member of the recently defined resolution-associated molecular pattern (RAMP) family of molecules. In this review, we consider the preclinical evidence from experiments in mouse and man that suggests BiP and other members of the RAMP family have the potential to herald a new generation of immunotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian M Shields
- Department of Academic Rheumatology, Centre for Molecular and Cellular Biology of Inflammation, 1st Floor New Hunts House, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London SE 1UL, UK
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18
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Shields AM, Panayi GS, Corrigall VM. Resolution-associated molecular patterns (RAMP): RAMParts defending immunological homeostasis? Clin Exp Immunol 2011; 165:292-300. [PMID: 21671907 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2011.04433.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The resolution of inflammation is central to the maintenance of good health and immune homeostasis. Recently, several intracellular stress proteins have been described as having extracellular properties that are anti-inflammatory or favour the resolution of inflammation. We propose that these molecules should be defined as resolution-associated molecular patterns (RAMPs). RAMPs are released at times of cellular stress and help to counterbalance the inflammatory effects of pathogen-associated (PAMPs) and damage-associated (DAMPs) molecular patterns. We propose that heat shock protein 10 (HSP10), αB-crystallin (αBC), HSP27 and binding immunoglobulin protein (BiP) should be considered founding members of the RAMP family. A greater understanding of RAMP biology may herald the development of novel immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Shields
- Academic Department of Rheumatology, King's College London School of Medicine at Guy's, King's and St Thomas' Hospitals, London, UK
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Bian ZM, Elner SG, Elner VM. Dual involvement of caspase-4 in inflammatory and ER stress-induced apoptotic responses in human retinal pigment epithelial cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2009; 50:6006-14. [PMID: 19643964 PMCID: PMC3208232 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.09-3628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the functional involvement of caspase-4 in human retinal pigment epithelial (hRPE) cells. METHODS Expression and activation of caspase-4 in hRPE cells were measured after stimulation with proinflammatory agents IL-1beta (2 ng/mL), TNF-alpha (20 ng/mL), lipopolysaccharide (1000 ng/mL), interferon-gamma (500 U/mL), or monocyte coculture in the absence or presence of immunomodulating agent cyclosporine (3 or 30 ng/mL), dexamethasone (10 microM), or IL-10 (100 U/mL) and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress inducer thapsigargin (25 nM) or tunicamycin (3 or 10 microM). The onset of ER stress was determined by expression of GRP78. The involvement of caspase-4 in inflammation and apoptosis was further examined by treating the cells with caspase-4 inhibitor Z-LEVD-fmk, caspase-1 and -4 inhibitor Z-YVAD-fmk, and pan-caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-fmk. RESULTS Caspase-4 mRNA expression and protein activation were induced by all the proinflammatory agents and ER stress inducers tested in this study. Caspase-4 activation was blocked or reduced by dexamethasone and IL-10. Elevated ER stress by proinflammatory agents and ER stress inducers was shown by increased expression of the ER stress marker GRP78. The induced caspase-4 and caspase-3 activities by tunicamycin and the stimulated IL-8 protein expression by IL-1beta were markedly reduced by caspase-4 inhibitor Z-LEVD-fmk. Although caspase-4 inhibitor Z-LEVD-fmk and caspase-1 and -4 inhibitor Z-YVAD-fmk reduced tunicamycin-induced hRPE apoptotic cell death by 59% and 86%, respectively, pan-caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-fmk completely abolished the induced apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS Caspase-4 is dually involved in hRPE proinflammatory and proapoptotic responses. Various proinflammatory stimuli and ER stress induce hRPE caspase-4 mRNA synthesis and protein activation. ER stress-induced hRPE cell death is caspase and, in part, caspase-4 dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zong-Mei Bian
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105, USA
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Yuan CL, Xu JF, Tong J, Yang H, He FR, Gong Q, Xiong P, Duan L, Fang M, Tan Z, Xu Y, Chen YF, Zheng F, Gong FL. B7-H4 transfection prolongs beta-cell graft survival. Transpl Immunol 2009; 21:143-9. [PMID: 19361556 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2009.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2008] [Revised: 03/26/2009] [Accepted: 03/27/2009] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
B7-H4, a recently discovered member of B7 family, can negatively regulate T cell responses. However, it is not clear whether B7-H4 negatively function in cell transplantation. In this study we investigated the immunosuppressive effect of B7-H4 on beta-cell transplantation. An insulinoma cell line, NIT-1, transfected with B7-H4 (B7-H4-NIT) was established, and transplanted to diabetic C57BL/6 mice by intraperitoneal injection. Proliferation assay of splenocytes in vitro showed that B7-H4-NIT suppressed alloreactive T cell activation. The proportion of IFN-gamma-producing cells in recipient spleen was significantly reduced and the number of Treg cells was upregulated in B7-H4-NIT group compared to the control, EGFP-NIT. The expression of mRNA coding IFN-gamma was lower but that of IL-4 was higher in B7-H4-NIT transplanted recipients than in the control animals. The results of ELISA also revealed the same trends. Diabetic mice reached normalglycemic quickly and gained weight after transplantation of B7-H4-NIT. More importantly, the survival time for recipients transplanted with B7-H4-NIT cells was significantly longer than that with EGFP-NIT cells. These results indicate that B7-H4 transfection prolongs beta-cell graft survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Lei Yuan
- Department of Immunology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Transplantation of NIT-1 cells expressing pD-L1 for treatment of streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Transplantation 2009; 86:1596-602. [PMID: 19077895 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0b013e31818c6e64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Programmed death-1 ligand-1 (PD-L1, CD274, B7-H1) has been identified as the ligand for the immunoinhibitory receptor programmed death-1 and has been demonstrated to play a role in the regulation of immune responses and peripheral tolerance. In this study, we tested the effect of PD-L1-transfected pancreatic beta-cell line established from a transgenic NDD/Lt mouse (NIT) on the alloresponse and streptozotocin-induced diabetes. METHODS The diabetes model was established by a low dose of streptozotocin in Balb/C mice. PD-L1 transfected NIT cell line was established, namely NIT-PD-L1. NIT-1, empty vector-transfected NIT-1, or NIT-PD-L1 cells were transplanted into diabetic mice by intraperitoneal injection, respectively. Proliferation and apoptosis of splenic lymphocytes were detected by labeling with carboxy fluorescein succinimidyl ester or AnnexinV-Cy5 and proliferation index (PI). Cytokines were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and flow cytometry analysis. RESULTS When compared with the controls, overexpression of PD-L1 on NIT-1 cells markedly prolonged allograft survival in diabetic mice. In mixed cells reaction, splenic lymphocytes from NIT-PD-L1-transplanted diabetic mice co-culture with mitomycin C-treated NIT-PD-L1 showed the lowest proliferative response but severe apoptosis. In addition, NIT-PD-L1 suppressed interferon-gamma but up-regulated interleukin-4 and -10 productions by those lymphocytes in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrated that overexpression of PD-L1 on pancreatic beta cells significantly can prolong allograft survival, and it is associated with inhibition of lymphocytes activation and proliferation, induction of lymphocytes apoptosis.
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Wang M, Wang P, Peng JL, Wu S, Zhao XP, Li L, Shen GX. The altered expression of glucose-regulated proteins 78 in different phase of streptozotocin-affected pancreatic beta-cells. Cell Stress Chaperones 2009; 14:43-8. [PMID: 18597185 PMCID: PMC2673903 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-008-0053-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2008] [Revised: 04/06/2008] [Accepted: 05/12/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-mediated apoptosis plays an important role in the destruction of pancreatic beta-cells and contributes to the development of type 1 diabetes. The chaperone molecule, glucose-regulated proteins 78 (Grp78), is required to maintain ER function during toxic insults. In this study, we investigated the changes of Grp78 expression in different phases of streptozotocin (STZ)-affected beta-cells to explore the relationship between Grp78 and the response of beta-cells to ER stress. An insulinoma cell line (NIT-1) treated with STZ for different time periods and STZ-induced diabetic Balb/C mice at different time points were used as the model system. The level of Grp78 and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) mRNA were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction and their protein by immunoblot. Apoptosis and necrosis was measured by flow cytometry. In addition, the changes of Grp78 protein in STZ-treated nondiabetic mice were also detected by immunoblot. Grp78 expression significantly increased in the early phase but decreased in the later phase of affected beta-cells, while CHOP was induced and apoptosis occurred along with the decrease of Grp78. Interestingly, the Grp78 protein of STZ-treated nondiabetic mice increased stably compared with that of the control. From the results, we can conclude that Grp78 may contribute to the response of beta-cells to ER stress, and more attention should be paid to Grp78 in the improvement of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- Department of Immunology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 China
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Hubei College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065 China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Adult Internal Medicine, Hubei Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Ji-Lin Peng
- Department of Immunology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 China
| | - Sha Wu
- Department of Immunology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510182 China
| | - Xiao-Ping Zhao
- Department of Immunology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Immunology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 China
| | - Guan-Xin Shen
- Department of Immunology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 China
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