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Hsouna AB, Sadaka C, Beyrouthy ME, Hfaiedh M, Dhifi W, Brini F, Saad RB, Mnif W. Immunomodulatory effect of Linalool (Lin) against CCl 4 -induced hepatotoxicity and oxidative damage in rats. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2023; 70:469-477. [PMID: 35748559 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The current study explored the hepatoprotective and immunomodulatory effects of Linalool (Lin) against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4 )-induced toxicity in mice. Four study groups (n = 8 each) were used: (1) a negative control group and (2) a toxicity control group (single dose of CCl4 administered on day 14 as 1 mL/kg of CCL4 in 1% olive oil). Intraperitoneally (i.p.)), and two experimental groups where mice were treated with either (3) Lin (25 mg/kg b.w., orally, daily for 15 days) or (4) pretreated with Lin (25 mg/kg b.w., orally, daily for 14 days) and intoxicated with CCl4 (1 mL/kg of CCL4 in 1% olive oil. i.p.) on day 14. The levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin 10 (IL-10), the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, and TGF-1β, and the histopathology of the liver were assessed. According to our findings, IL-10 concentrations were significantly increased in Lin-treated groups, while other cytokine levels were marked by a considerable decrease in the toxicity model group (CCl4 -treated group). Histopathological examinations of liver tissues showed that the Lin-treated groups had an almost normal structure. The current findings showed that Lin could inhibit CCl4 -induced liver injury in mice, which warrants further investigation of Lin as a potential protective and therapeutic agent against hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anis Ben Hsouna
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences of Gafsa, Gafsa, Tunisia.,Laboratory of Biotechnology and Plant Improvement, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Carmen Sadaka
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control, and Employee Health, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Mbarka Hfaiedh
- Research Unit of Active Biomolecules Valorisation, Higher Institute of Applied Biology of Medicine, University of Gabes, Medenine, Tunisia
| | - Wissal Dhifi
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Valorisation of Bio-GeoRessources, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Sidi Thabet, University of Manouba, BiotechPole of Sidi Thabet, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Faical Brini
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Plant Improvement, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Rania Ben Saad
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Plant Improvement, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Wissem Mnif
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Arts in Balgarn, University of Bisha, Bisha, Saudi Arabia.,ISBST, BVBGR-LR11ES31, University of Manouba, Biotechpole Sidi Thabet, Ariana, Tunisia
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Munakarmi S, Gurau Y, Shrestha J, Risal P, Park HS, Shin HB, Jeong YJ. Hepatoprotective Effects of a Natural Flavanol 3,3'-Diindolylmethane against CCl 4-Induced Chronic Liver Injury in Mice and TGFβ1-Induced EMT in Mouse Hepatocytes via Activation of Nrf2 Cascade. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911407. [PMID: 36232707 PMCID: PMC9569868 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic fibrosis is a form of irregular wound-healing response with acute and chronic injury triggered by the deposition of excessive extracellular matrix. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a dynamic process that plays a crucial role in the fibrogenic response and pathogenesis of liver fibrosis. In the present study, we postulated a protective role of 3,3'-diindolylmethane (DIM) against TGF-β1 mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in vitro and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver fibrosis in mice. TGF-β1-induced AML-12 hepatocyte injury was evaluated by monitoring cell morphology, measuring reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial membrane potential, and quantifying apoptosis, inflammatory, and EMT-related proteins. Furthermore, CCl4-induced liver fibrosis in mice was evaluated by performing liver function tests, including serum ALT and AST, total bilirubin, and albumin to assess liver injury and by performing H&E and Sirius red staining to determine the degree of liver fibrosis. Immunoblotting was performed to determine the expression levels of inflammation, apoptosis, and Nrf2/HO-1 signaling-related proteins. DIM treatment significantly restored TGF-β1-induced morphological changes, inhibited the expression of mesenchymal markers by activating E-cadherin, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, reduced ROS intensity, and upregulated levels of Nrf2-responsive antioxidant genes. In the mouse model of CCl4-induced liver fibrosis, DIM remarkably attenuated liver injury and liver fibrosis, as reflected by the reduced ALT and AST parameters with increased serum Alb activity and fewer lesions in H&E staining. It also mitigated the fibrosis area in Sirius red and Masson staining. Taken together, our results suggest a possible molecular mechanism of DIM by suppressing TGF-β1-induced EMT in mouse hepatocytes and CCl4-induced liver fibrosis in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvesh Munakarmi
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University, Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Korea
| | - Yamuna Gurau
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University, Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Korea
| | - Juna Shrestha
- Alka Hospital Private Limited, Jwalakhel, Kathmandu 446010, Nepal
| | - Prabodh Risal
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medical Sciences, Kathmandu University, Dhulikhel 45200, Nepal
| | - Ho Sung Park
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University, Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Korea
- Department of Pathology, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Korea
| | - Hyun Beak Shin
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University, Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Korea
- Department of Surgery, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Korea
| | - Yeon Jun Jeong
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University, Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Korea
- Department of Surgery, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Korea
- Correspondence:
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Stephen Robert J, Peddha MS, Srivastava AK. Effect of Silymarin and Quercetin in a Miniaturized Scaffold in Wistar Rats against Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:20735-20745. [PMID: 34423182 PMCID: PMC8374897 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c00555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Silymarin and quercetin (SQ) are known antioxidants with substantial free radical scavenging activities. The efficacy of SQ activity is restricted due to poor absorption and availability. This study aims to increase the hepatoprotective activity of SQ by a newer delivery technique. We have optimized a technique, miniaturized scaffold (MS), for the delivery of active compounds of SQ. SQ molecules were embedded in MS and characterized by morphology, particle size, miniaturization efficiency, and functional group. Further, the hepatoprotective effects of MSQ were investigated through in vitro and in vivo methods. Hepatotoxicity was induced in rats by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), and subsequently, hepatotoxic rats were treated with the miniaturized scaffold of SQ (MSQ) for 8 weeks. The body weight were significantly high in groups fed with MSQ. A substantial decrease in triglyceride, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase activities were observed in rats treated with MSQ. Similarly, rats treated with MSQ exhibited lower lipid accumulation in the hepatocytes. The experiments clearly demonstrated the efficacy of MSQ as a superior hepatoprotective agent against non-alcoholic fatty liver disease simulated through toxicity induced by CCl4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaisheela
Marry Stephen Robert
- Department
of Food Safety and Analytical Quality Control Laboratory, CSIR- Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, Karnataka 570 020, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Muthukumar Serva Peddha
- Department
of Biochemistry, CSIR- Central Food Technological
Research Institute, Mysuru, 570 020 Karnataka, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Alok Kumar Srivastava
- Department
of Food Safety and Analytical Quality Control Laboratory, CSIR- Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, Karnataka 570 020, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
- .
Phone: 91-821-2514972. Fax: 91-821-2517233
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Yu Gan Long Ameliorates Hepatic Fibrosis by Inhibiting PI3K/AKT, Ras/ERK and JAK1/STAT3 Signaling Pathways in CCl 4-induced Liver Fibrosis Rats. Curr Med Sci 2020; 40:539-547. [PMID: 32681257 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-020-2211-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Yu Gan Long (YGL) is a Chinese traditional herbal formula which has been reported to attenuate liver fibrosis for many years and we have explored its anti-fibrotic mechanism through blocking transforming growth factor (TGF-β) in the previous study. But the mechanisms associated with platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB remain obscure. In this study, we further investigated the mechanism of YGL reducing carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver fibrosis in rats. Our results showed that YGL suppressed CCl4-induced upregulation of collagen IV (Col IV), type HI precollagen (PCHI), hyaluronuc acid (HA) and laminin (LN), which are implicated in liver fibrosis. Also, YGL reduced the α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression, which acts as the indicator of liver fibrosis. Furthermore, YGL decreased the serum levels of hepatic stellate cell (HSC) mitogen PDGF-BB and inflammation cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6. Markers involved in liver fibrosis, such as Ras, p-Raf-1, p-ERK1/2, p-JNK, p-P38, p-PI3K, p-AKT, p-JAKl, p-STAT3 were downregulated significantly after treatment with YGL. Our results indicated that YGL ameliorated CCl4-induced liver fibrosis by reducing inflammation cytokines production, and suppressing Ras/ERK, PI3K/AKT, and JAK1/STAT3 signaling pathways, which provided further evidence towards elucidation of the anti-fibrotic mechanism of YGL.
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Yu Gan Long reduces rat liver fibrosis by blocking TGF-β1/Smad pathway and modulating the immunity. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 106:1332-1338. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.07.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Bellassoued K, Ben Hsouna A, Athmouni K, van Pelt J, Makni Ayadi F, Rebai T, Elfeki A. Protective effects of Mentha piperita L. leaf essential oil against CCl 4 induced hepatic oxidative damage and renal failure in rats. Lipids Health Dis 2018; 17:9. [PMID: 29316974 PMCID: PMC5761127 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-017-0645-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mentha piperita L. is a flowering plant belonging to the Lamiaceae family. Mentha plants constitute one of the main valuable sources of essential oil used in foods and for medicinal purposes. Methods The present study aimed to investigate the composition and in vitro antioxidant activity of Mentha piperita leaf essential oil (MpEO). A single dose of CCl4 was used to induce oxidative stress in rats, which was demonstrated by a significant rise of serum enzyme markers. MpEO was administrated for 7 consecutive days (5, 15, 40 mg/kg body weight) to Wistar rats prior to CCl4 treatment and the effects on serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and γ -glutamyl transpeptidase (γ-GT) levels, as well as the liver and kidney superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels were evaluated. In addition, histopathological examinations of livers and kidneys was performed. Results The in vitro antioxidant activity of MpEO was lower than that of silymarin. Pretreatment of animals with MpEO at a dose of 5 mg/kg did not have a significant effect on ALT, AST, ALP, LDH, γGT, urea or creatinine levels in CCl4-induced stress. Whereas pretreatment with MpEO at doses of 15 and 40 mg/kg prior to CCl4, significantly reduced stress parameters (ALT, AST, ALP, LDH, γGT, urea and creatinine) compared to the CCl4-only group. Moreover, a significant reduction in hepatic and kidney lipid peroxidation (TBARS) and an increase in antioxidant enzymes SOD, CAT and GPx was also observed after treatment with MpEO (40 mg/kg) compared to CCl4-treated rats. Furthermore, pretreatment with MpEO at 40 mg/kg can also markedly ameliorate the histopathological hepatic and kidney lesions induced by administration of CCl4. Conclusions We could demonstrate with this study that MpEO protects liver and kidney from CCl4-induced oxidative stress and thus substantiate the beneficial effects attributed traditionally to this plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Bellassoued
- Department of Life Sciences, Animal Ecophysiology Laboratory, Faculty of sciences, University of Sfax Tunisia, Road of Soukra Km 3.5, BP 1171, PC 3000, Sfax, Tunisia.
| | - Anis Ben Hsouna
- Biotechnology and Plant Improvement Laboratory, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, PO Box 1177, Road Sidi Mansour km 6, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Khaled Athmouni
- Department of life sciences, Laboratory of Biodiversity and Aquatic Ecosystems, Faculty of sciences, University of Sfax Tunisia, Road of Soukra Km 3.5, BP 1171, PC 3000, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Jos van Pelt
- Laboratory of Clinical Digestive Oncology, Department of Oncology, KU, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Fatma Makni Ayadi
- Biochemistry Laboratory, CHU Habib Bourguiba of Sfax, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax Tunisia, Road Menzel Chaker km 0.5, CP 3029 Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Tarek Rebai
- Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine of Sfax, University of Sfax Tunisia, Road Menzel Chaker km 0.5, CP 3029, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Abdelfattah Elfeki
- Department of Life Sciences, Animal Ecophysiology Laboratory, Faculty of sciences, University of Sfax Tunisia, Road of Soukra Km 3.5, BP 1171, PC 3000, Sfax, Tunisia
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7
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Li Y, Shi Y, Sun Y, Liu L, Bai X, Wang D, Li H. Restorative effects of hydroxysafflor yellow A on hepatic function in an experimental regression model of hepatic fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride. Mol Med Rep 2016; 15:47-56. [PMID: 27909717 PMCID: PMC5355700 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic fibrosis is a reversible pathological process, in which fibrotic tissue is excessively deposited in the liver during the repair process that follows hepatic injury. Early prevention or treatment of hepatic fibrosis has great significance on the treatment of chronic hepatic diseases. Hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA) is a water-soluble monomer extracted from safflower, which serves numerous pharmacological roles. However, it remains to be elucidated how HSYA regulates hepatic fibrogenesis. The aim of the present study was to reveal the possible mechanisms underlying the effects of HSYA on the prevention and treatment of hepatic fibrosis. A rat model of hepatic fibrosis was established in the present study, and the rats were administered various doses of HSYA. The effects of HSYA on pathological alterations of the liver tissue in rats with hepatic fibrosis were observed using hematoxylin-eosin staining and Masson staining. In order to explore the anti-hepatic fibrosis effects and underlying mechanisms of HSYA, serum levels, and hepatic function and hepatic fibrosis indices were evaluated. The results demonstrated that HSYA can improve the general condition of rats with hepatic fibrosis and relieve cellular swelling of the liver, fatty degeneration, necrosis, inflammatory cell infiltration and fibroplastic proliferation. Subsequent to administration of HSYA, globulin was increased during hepatic fibrosis caused by tetrachloromethane. However, total cholesterol, triglyceride, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and levels of hyaluronic acid, laminin, procollagen III N-terminal peptide, collagen type IV and hydroxyproline were significantly reduced. The results additionally demonstrated that HSYA could enhance superoxide dismutase activity and reduce malondialdehyde levels, inhibiting lipid peroxidation caused by free radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanuo Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, P.R. China
| | - Yan Shi
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, P.R. China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Osteology, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Luying Liu
- Department of Pathology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, P.R. China
| | - Xianyong Bai
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, P.R. China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, P.R. China
| | - Hongxing Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, P.R. China
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Shrestha N, Chand L, Han MK, Lee SO, Kim CY, Jeong YJ. Glutamine inhibits CCl4 induced liver fibrosis in mice and TGF-β1 mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition in mouse hepatocytes. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 93:129-37. [PMID: 27137983 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Glutamine, traditionally a non-essential amino acid, now has been considered as essential in serious illness and injury. It is a major precursor for glutathione synthesis. However, the anti-fibrotic effect of glutamine and its molecular mechanism in experimental liver fibrosis have not been explored. In the present study we aimed to examine the potential role of glutamine in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced liver fibrosis and TGF-β1 mediated epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) and apoptosis in mouse hepatocytes. Liver fibrosis was induced by intraperitoneal injection of CCl4 three times a week for 10 weeks. Glutamine treatment effectively attenuated liver injury and oxidative stress. Collagen content was significantly decreased in liver sections of glutamine treated mice compared to CCl4 model mice. Furthermore, glutamine decreased expression level of α-SMA and TGF-β in liver tissue. Our in vitro study showed that TGF-β1 treatment in hepatocytes resulted in loss of E-cadherin and increased expression of mesenchymal markers and EMT related transcription factor. In addition, TGF-β1 increased the expression of apoptotic markers. However, glutamine interestingly suppressed TGF-β1 mediated EMT and apoptosis. In conclusion, our results suggest that glutamine ameliorates CCl4 induced liver fibrosis and suppresses TGF-β1 induced EMT progression and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirajan Shrestha
- Laboratory of Liver Regeneration, Biomedical Research Institute, Chonbuk National University Hospital, 561-712, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Lokendra Chand
- Laboratory of Liver Regeneration, Biomedical Research Institute, Chonbuk National University Hospital, 561-712, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Myung Kwan Han
- Department of Microbiology, Chonbuk National University Medical School, 561-712, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Seung Ok Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonbuk National University Medical School, 561-712, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Chan Young Kim
- Department of Surgery, Chonbuk National University Medical School, 561-712, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Yeon Jun Jeong
- Laboratory of Liver Regeneration, Biomedical Research Institute, Chonbuk National University Hospital, 561-712, Jeonju, South Korea; Department of Surgery, Chonbuk National University Medical School, 561-712, Jeonju, South Korea.
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Li L, Wang M, Chen S, Zhao W, Zhao Y, Wang X, Zhang Y. A urinary metabonomics analysis of long-term effect of acetochlor exposure on rats by ultra-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 128:82-88. [PMID: 26969444 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2015.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The study was to assess the long-term toxic effects of acetochlor on rats. Two different doses (42.96 and 107.4 mg/kg body weight/day) of acetochlor were administered to Wistar rats through their food for over 24 weeks. Rat urine samples were collected at two time-points for the measurements of the metabonomics profiles with ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MSMS). The results of clinical chemistry and histopathology suggested that long-term use of acetochlor in rats caused liver and kidney damage, and dysfunction of antioxidant system. The urinary metabonomics analysis indicated that the high and low-dose exposure of acetochlor could cause alterations of these metabonomics in urine in the rat. Significant changes of the levels of hippuric acid (0.403-fold decrease), citric acid (0.430-fold decrease), pantothenic acid (0.486-fold decrease), uracil (0.419-fold decrease), β-Alanine (0.325-fold decrease), nonanedioic acid (0.445-fold decrease), L-tyrosine (0.410-fold decrease), D-glucuronic acid (8.389-fold increase) and 2-ethyl-6-methyl-N-methyl-2-chloro-acetanilide in urine were observed. In addition, it may interfere with the fatty acid synthesis, the pyrimidine degradation and pantothenate biosynthesis. The level of 2-ethyl-6-methyl-N-methyl-2-chloro-acetanilide is detected in all treated groups which is not found in the control groups, indicating which can be used as an early, sensitive marker of acetochlor exposure in rat. This study illustrates the important utility of metabonomics approaches to understand the toxicity of long-term exposure of acetochlor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longxue Li
- Department of Toxicology, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, NanGang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Maoqing Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, NanGang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Shuhong Chen
- Heilongjiang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 40 Youfang Street, XiangFang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Toxicology, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, NanGang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Department of Toxicology, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, NanGang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Toxicology, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, NanGang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, NanGang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China.
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10
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Lin X, Chen Y, Lv S, Tan S, Zhang S, Huang R, Zhuo L, Liang S, Lu Z, Huang Q. Gypsophila elegans isoorientin attenuates CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis in rats via modulation of NF-κB and TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathways. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 28:305-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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11
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El-Ashmawy NE, El-Bahrawy HA, Shamloula MM, Ibrahim AO. Antifibrotic effect of AT-1 blocker and statin in rats with hepatic fibrosis. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2015; 42:979-987. [PMID: 26175230 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Revised: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic fibrosis is an outcome of chronic liver injury. Angiotensin II (ANG II) may play a role in the pathogenesis of hepatic fibrosis. Certain drugs such as ACE inhibitors, ANG II antagonists, and even statins could interfere with the renin angiotensin system and modulate its deleterious effects. This study was carried out to investigate the possible role of losartan and atorvastatin in liver fibrosis. Liver fibrosis was induced in rats by i.p. injection of 50% CCl4 twice per week for 8 weeks. The rats intoxicated with CCl4 were divided into four groups: fibrosis control; losartan group; atorvastatin group; and co-treated group. A fifth group of normal healthy rats served as a control group. The results showed that losartan and atorvastatin, either alone or in combination, significantly decreased ALT, AST, hyaluronic acid and hydroxyproline levels in their groups compared to those of the fibrosis control group. A significant decrease in TGF-β was found in the losartan and co-treated groups but not in the atorvastatin group. These biochemical data were supported by liver histopathology and α-SMA. The results indicate that the combined treatment with both losartan and atorvastatin produced a greater effect than either drug alone and proved a beneficial role in inhibiting or reversing liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahla E El-Ashmawy
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Hoda A El-Bahrawy
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Maha M Shamloula
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Amera O Ibrahim
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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12
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Zhao Y, Ma X, Wang J, Zhu Y, Li R, Wang J, He X, Shan L, Wang R, Wang L, Li Y, Xiao X. Paeoniflorin alleviates liver fibrosis by inhibiting HIF-1α through mTOR-dependent pathway. Fitoterapia 2014; 99:318-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2014.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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13
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Curcumin protects against CCl4-induced liver fibrosis in rats by inhibiting HIF-1α through an ERK-dependent pathway. Molecules 2014; 19:18767-80. [PMID: 25407718 PMCID: PMC6270950 DOI: 10.3390/molecules191118767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Revised: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The ERK/HIF-1α signaling pathway is believed to play an important role in the genesis of progressive fibrosis. An increasing expression of HIF-1α and ERK accompanies CCl4-induced liver fibrosis in rats. Curcumin is verified to have antifibrotic effects in several kinds of liver fibrosis models. There is no specific evidence illustrating a connection between curcumin and the HIF-1α/ERK pathway in rat liver fibrosis induced by CCl4. In this study, liver fibrosis was induced by CCl4 in treated rats. The data demonstrated that curcumin was able to attenuate liver fibrosis and inhibit the proliferation of HSC. Moreover, curcumin could remarkably elevate the hepatic function by decreasing serum levels of ALT, AST and ALP, and increasing levels of ALB, TP and α-SMA, Col III mRNA expression. Meanwhile, ECM status could also be reflected by curcumin treatment. The alleviation with curcumin treatment was associated with inhibition of HIF-1α and phosphor-ERK. This study indicates that curcumin alleviates fibrosis by reducing the expression of HIF-1α partly through the ERK pathway.
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Ding K, Liu MR, Li J, Huang K, Liang Y, Shang X, Chen J, Mu J, Liu H. Establishment of a liver fibrosis model in cynomolgus monkeys. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 66:257-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2014.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Revised: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Ghasemi M, Azarnia M, Jamali M, Mirabolghasemi G, Nazarian S, Naghizadeh MM, Rajabi M, Tahamtani Y. Protective effects of Ephedra pachyclada extract on mouse models of carbon tetrachloride- induced chronic and acute liver failure. Tissue Cell 2014; 46:78-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2013.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Revised: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 11/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Acetonic and Methanolic Extracts of Heterotheca inuloides, and Quercetin, Decrease CCl(4)-Oxidative Stress in Several Rat Tissues. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:659165. [PMID: 23365610 PMCID: PMC3556438 DOI: 10.1155/2013/659165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2012] [Revised: 12/07/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that the acetonic and methanolic extracts of H. inuloides prevent carbon tetrachloride-(CCl4) induced oxidative stress in vital tissues. Pretreatment with both H. inuloides extracts or quercetin attenuated the increase in serum activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin (BB), creatinine (CRE), and creatine kinase (CK), and impeded the decrease of γ-globulin (γ-GLOB) and albumin (ALB) observed in CCl4-induced tissue injury. The protective effect was confirmed by histological analysis with hematoxylin-eosin and periodic acid/Schiff's reagent. Level of lipid peroxidation was higher in the organs of rats exposed to CCl4 than in those of the animals treated with Heterohteca extracts or quercetin, and these showed levels similar to the untreated group. Pretreatment of animals with either of the extracts or quercetin also prevented the increase of 4-hydroxynonenal and 3-nitrotyrosine. Pretreatment with the plant extracts or quercetin attenuated CCl4 toxic effects on the activity of several antioxidant enzymes. The present results strongly suggest that the chemopreventive effect of the extracts used and quercetin, against CCl4 toxicity, is associated with their antioxidant properties and corroborated previous results obtained in liver tissue.
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Swain A, Turton J, Scudamore CL, Pereira I, Viswanathan N, Smyth R, Munday M, McClure F, Gandhi M, Sondh S, York M. Urinary biomarkers in hexachloro-1:3-butadiene-induced acute kidney injury in the female Hanover Wistar rat; correlation ofα-glutathioneS-transferase, albumin and kidney injury molecule-1 with histopathology and gene expression. J Appl Toxicol 2010; 31:366-77. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.1624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aubrey Swain
- Clinical Pathology; GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development; Park Road Ware Hertfordshire SG12 0DP UK
| | - John Turton
- Prostate Cancer Research Centre; Division of Surgery and Interventional Science; University College London; 3rd Floor Research Laboratories, 67 Riding House Street London W1W 7EJ UK
| | - Cheryl L. Scudamore
- Clinical Pathology; GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development; Park Road Ware Hertfordshire SG12 0DP UK
| | - Ines Pereira
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry; The School of Pharmacy; University of London; 29/39 Brunswick Square London WC1N 1AX UK
| | - Neeti Viswanathan
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry; The School of Pharmacy; University of London; 29/39 Brunswick Square London WC1N 1AX UK
| | - Rosemary Smyth
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry; The School of Pharmacy; University of London; 29/39 Brunswick Square London WC1N 1AX UK
| | - Michael Munday
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry; The School of Pharmacy; University of London; 29/39 Brunswick Square London WC1N 1AX UK
| | - Fiona McClure
- Clinical Pathology; GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development; Park Road Ware Hertfordshire SG12 0DP UK
| | - Mitul Gandhi
- Clinical Pathology; GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development; Park Road Ware Hertfordshire SG12 0DP UK
| | - Surjit Sondh
- Clinical Pathology; GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development; Park Road Ware Hertfordshire SG12 0DP UK
| | - Malcolm York
- Clinical Pathology; GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development; Park Road Ware Hertfordshire SG12 0DP UK
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Smyth R, Munday MR, York MJ, Clarke CJ, Dare T, Turton JA. Dose response and time course studies on superoxide dismutase as a urinary biomarker of carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic injury in the Hanover Wistar rat. Int J Exp Pathol 2009; 90:500-11. [PMID: 19765104 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2613.2009.00666.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that the enzyme copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD-1) is increased in the urine of rats with carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4))-induced hepatotoxicity. The present experiments aimed to investigate further the usefulness of urinary SOD-1 as a non-invasive biomarker of liver injury. Two investigations were carried out, a dose response study and a time course study. In the dose response study, rats were given a single dose of CCl(4) at 0 (control), 0.10, 0.15, 0.20, 0.25, 0.30, 0.35, 0.40 and 0.80 ml/kg and urine samples collected from 12 to 36 h postdosing. In the time course study, rats were dosed at 0.80 ml/kg CCl(4) and urine sampled at 4, 12, 24 and 36 h postdosing. In both studies, the presence of SOD-1 in the urine was confirmed by Western blotting with an SOD-1 antibody. In the dose response study, serum SOD activity was elevated in all CCl(4)-treated animals and urinary SOD-1 activity was increased 2.2 times at the lowest dose (0.10 ml/kg) and 60.4 times at the highest CCl(4) dose level (0.80 ml/kg). In the time course study, urinary SOD-1 was first detected in samples collected from 4 to 12 h postdosing. We conclude that urinary SOD-1 has potential as a sensitive non-invasive biomarker of CCl(4)-induced hepatocellular injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosemary Smyth
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, University of London, UK.
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Dong MX, Jia Y, Zhang YB, Li CC, Geng YT, Zhou L, Li XY, Liu JC, Niu YC. Emodin protects rat liver from CCl 4-induced fibrogenesis via inhibition of hepatic stellate cells activation. World J Gastroenterol 2009; 15:4753-62. [PMID: 19824107 PMCID: PMC2761551 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.15.4753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the role of emodin in protecting the liver against fibrogenesis caused by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in rats and to further explore the underlying mechanisms.
METHODS: Rat models of experimental hepatic fibrosis were established by injection with CCl4; the treated rats received emodin via oral administration at a dosage of 20 mg/kg twice a week at the same time. Rats injected with olive oil served as a normal group. Histopathological changes were observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. The activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in serum and hepatic hydroxyproline content were assayed by biochemical analyses. The mRNA and protein relevant to hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation in the liver were assessed using real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), immunohistochemistry, western blotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
RESULTS: The degree of hepatic fibrosis increased markedly in the CCl4 group compared to the normal group (P < 0.01), and decreased markedly in the emodin group compared to the CCl4 group according to METAVIR scale (P < 0.01) compared with those in the normal control group (51.02 ± 10.64 IU/L and 132.28 ± 18.14 IU/L). The activities of serum ALT and AST were significantly higher in rats injected with CCl4 (289.25 ± 68.84 IU/L and 423.89 ± 35.67 IU/L, both P < 0.05). The activities of serum ALT and AST were significantly reduced by administration of emodin (176.34 ± 47.29 IU/L and 226.1 ± 44.52 IU/L, both P < 0.05). Compared with the normal controls (54.53 ± 13.46 mg/g), hepatic hydroxyproline content was significantly higher in rats injected with CCl4 (120.27 ± 28.47 mg/g, P < 0.05). Hepatic hydroxyproline content was significantly reduced in the rats treated with emodin at 20 mg/kg (71.25 ± 17.02 mg/g, P < 0.05). Emodin significantly protected the liver from injury by reducing serum AST and ALT activities and reducing hepatic hydroxyproline content. The mRNA levels of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), Smad4 and α-SMA in liver tissues were significantly down-regulated in SD rats that received emodin treatment. Furthermore, significant down-regulation of serum TGF-β1 protein levels and protein expression of Smad4 and α-SMA in liver tissues was also observed in the rats. Emodin inhibited HSC activation by reducing the abundance of TGF-β1 and Smad4.
CONCLUSION: Emodin protects the rat liver from CCl4-induced fibrogenesis by inhibiting HSC activation. Emodin might be a therapeutic antifibrotic agent for the treatment of hepatic fibrosis.
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Proteomic investigation of urinary markers of carbon-tetrachloride-induced hepatic fibrosis in the Hanover Wistar rat. Cell Biol Toxicol 2008; 25:499-512. [DOI: 10.1007/s10565-008-9104-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2008] [Accepted: 08/20/2008] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Smyth R, Turton JA, Clarke CJ, York MJ, Dare TO, Lane CS, Munday MR. Identification of superoxide dismutase as a potential urinary marker of carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic toxicity. Food Chem Toxicol 2008; 46:2972-83. [PMID: 18586068 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2008.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2007] [Revised: 01/18/2008] [Accepted: 05/22/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was the identification of a novel protein marker of hepatotoxicity in rat urine. Rats were dosed by gavage with carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4)) to induce acute liver injury. Surface enhanced laser desorption/ionisation (SELDI) ProteinChip technology revealed the appearance of a 15.7 kDa protein in the CCl(4)-treated rat urine. One-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) identified an 18.4 kDa protein in the CCl(4)-treated rat urine. The appearance of either protein was coincident over a time course during which they first appeared at 12h post-dosing, peaked at 36h and had disappeared again within 3 days post-dosing. The protein was identified by in-gel digestion and nano-electrospray (nano-ES)-tandem mass spectrometry as Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD-1). SOD activity was found to be increased by 61.4-fold in CCl(4)-treated rat urine. Western blots of tissue homogenates from the rats revealed a time-dependent loss of SOD-1 from the livers of CCl(4)-treated rats matching the time course of SOD-1 appearance in urine. SOD-1 is not specifically located in liver; however, its appearance in urine in response to acute CCl(4)-induced hepatotoxicity is a novel finding; this coupled with loss from the liver following injury suggests urinary SOD-1 may be a potential marker of hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Smyth
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, The School of Pharmacy, University of London, London WC1N 1AX, UK.
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