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Jiang X, Wang M, Yang S, He D, Fang F, Yang L. The response of structure and nitrogen removal function of the biofilm on submerged macrophytes to high ammonium in constructed wetlands. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 142:129-141. [PMID: 38527879 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
The ammonium exceedance discharge from sewage treatment plants has a great risk to the stable operation of subsequent constructed wetlands (CWs). The effects of high ammonium shocks on submerged macrophytes and epiphytic biofilms on the leaves of submerged macrophytes in CWs were rarely mentioned in previous studies. In this paper, the 16S rRNA sequencing method was used to investigate the variation of the microbial communities in biofilms on the leaves of Vallisneria natans plants while the growth characteristics of V. natans plants were measured at different initial ammonium concentrations. The results demonstrated that the total chlorophyll and soluble sugar synthesis of V. natans plants decreased by 51.45% and 57.16%, respectively, and malondialdehyde content increased threefold after 8 days if the initial NH4+-N concentration was more than 5 mg/L. Algal density, bacterial quantity, dissolved oxygen, and pH increased with high ammonium shocks. The average removal efficiencies of total nitrogen and NH4+-N reached 73.26% and 83.94%, respectively. The heat map and relative abundance analysis represented that the relative abundances of phyla Proteobacteria, Cyanobacteria, and Bacteroidetes increased. The numbers of autotrophic nitrifiers and heterotrophic nitrification aerobic denitrification (HNAD) bacteria expanded in biofilms. In particular, HNAD bacteria of Flavobacterium, Hydrogenophaga, Acidovorax, Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, Aeromonas, and Azospira had higher abundances than autotrophic nitrifiers because there were organic matters secreted from declining leaves of V. natans plants. The analysis of the nitrogen metabolic pathway showed aerobic denitrification was the main nitrogen removal pathway. Thus, the nitrification and denitrification bacterial communities increased in epiphytic biofilms on submerged macrophytes in constructed wetlands while submerged macrophytes declined under ammonium shock loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Mengmeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shunqing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Di He
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Fei Fang
- School of Resources and Environment, Anqing Normal University, Anqing 246133, China
| | - Liuyan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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2
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Chen L, Huang F, Lu A, Liu F, Guan X, Wang J. Critical role of multiple antibiotics on the denitrification rate in groundwater: Field investigative proof. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 914:169785. [PMID: 38181946 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
The impact of antibiotics on denitrification has emerged as a significant topic; however, there is a dearth of mechanistic understanding regarding the effects of multiple antibiotics at the ng/L level on denitrification in groundwater. This study conducted five field samplings between March 2019 and July 2021 at two representative monitoring wells. The investigation utilized metagenomic sequencing to unveil the antibiotic mechanisms influencing denitrification. Results revealed the detection of 16 out of 64 antibiotics, with a maximum detection frequency and total concentration of 100 % and 187 ng/L, respectively. Additionally, both nitrate and total antibiotic concentrations exhibited a gradual decrease along the groundwater flow direction. Metagenomic evidence indicated that denitrification served as the dominant biogeochemical process controlling nitrate attenuation in groundwater. However, the denitrification capacity experienced significant inhibition in the presence of multiple antibiotics at the ng/L level. This inhibition was attributed to decreases in the relative abundance of dominant denitrifying bacteria (Candidatus_Scalindua, Herminiimonas and unclassified_p_Planctomycetes) and denitrifying functional genes (narGH, nirKS and norB), signifying the pressure exerted by antibiotics on denitrifying bacteria. The variation in antibiotic concentration (∆Cantibiotics) indicated a change in antibiotic pressure on denitrifying bacteria. A larger ∆Cantibiotics corresponded to a greater rebound in the relative abundance of denitrifying functional genes, resulting in a faster denitrification rate (Kdenitrification). Field observations further demonstrated a positive correlation between Kdenitrification and ∆Cantibiotics. Comparatively, a higher Kdenitrification observed at higher ∆Cantibiotics was primarily due to the enrichment of more nondominant denitrifying bacteria carrying key denitrifying functional genes. In conclusion, this study underscores that multiple antibiotics at the ng/L level in groundwater inhibited denitrification, and the degree of inhibition was closely related to ∆Cantibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linpeng Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Fuyang Huang
- School of Environment and Resources, Southwest University of Sciences and Technology, Mianyang 621010, PR China
| | - Anhuai Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mineral Environmental Function, School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijng 100871, PR China
| | - Fei Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China.
| | - Xiangyu Guan
- School of Ocean Sciences, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Jialin Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China
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3
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Wang Q, Zhao Y, Chen Z, Zhang C, Jia X, Zhao M, Tong Y, Liu Y. Nitrate Bioreduction under Cr(VI) Stress: Crossroads of Denitrification and Dissimilatory Nitrate Reduction to Ammonium. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023. [PMID: 37449976 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c09624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
This study explored the response of NO3--N bioreduction to Cr(VI) stress, including reduction efficiency and the pathways involved (denitrification and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA)). Different response patterns of NO3--N conversion were proposed under Cr(VI) suppress (0, 0.5, 5, 15, 30, 50, and 80 mg/L) by evaluating Cr(VI) dose dependence, toxicity accumulation, bioelectron behavior, and microbial community structure. Cr(VI) concentrations of >30 mg/L rapidly inhibited NO3--N removal and immediately induced DNRA. However, denitrification completely dominated the NO3--N reduction pathway at Cr(VI) concentrations of <15 mg/L. Therefore, 30 and 80 mg/L Cr(VI) (R4 and R6) were selected to explore the selection of the different NO3--N removal pathways. The pathway of NO3--N reduction at 30 mg/L Cr(VI) exhibited continuous adaptation, wherein the coexistence of denitrification (51.7%) and DNRA (13.6%) was achieved by regulating the distribution of denitrifiers (37.6%) and DNRA bacteria (32.8%). Comparatively, DNRA gradually replaced denitrification at 80 mg/L Cr(VI). The intracellular Cr(III) accumulation in R6 was 6.60-fold greater than in R4, causing more severe oxidant injury and cell death. The activated NO3--N reduction pathway depended on the value of nitrite reductase activity/nitrate reductase activity, with 0.84-1.08 associated with DNRA activation and 1.48-1.57 with DNRA predominance. Although Cr(VI) increased microbial community richness and improved community structure stability, the inhibition or death of nitrogen-reducing microorganisms caused by Cr(VI) decreased NO3--N reduction efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yingxin Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Zhihui Chen
- China Water Resources Bei Fang Investigation, Design & Research CO.LTD, Tianjin 300222, China
| | - Chenggong Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xulong Jia
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Minghao Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yindong Tong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yiwen Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
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4
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Schmautz Z, Walser JC, Espinal CA, Gartmann F, Scott B, Pothier JF, Frossard E, Junge R, Smits THM. Microbial diversity across compartments in an aquaponic system and its connection to the nitrogen cycle. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 852:158426. [PMID: 36055492 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Aquaponics combines hydroponic crop production with recirculating aquaculture. These systems comprise various compartments (fish tank, biofilter, sump, hydroponic table, radial flow settler and anaerobic digester), each with their own specific environmental pressures, which trigger the formation of unique microbial communities. Triplicated aquaponic systems were used to investigate the microbial community composition during three lettuce growing cycles. The sampling of individual compartments allowed community patterns to be generated using amplicon sequencing of bacterial and archaeal 16S rRNA genes. Nitrifying bacteria were identified in the hydroponic compartments, indicating that these compartments may play a larger role than previously thought in the system's nitrogen cycle. In addition to the observed temporal changes in community compositions within the anaerobic compartment, more archaeal reads were obtained from sludge samples than from the aerobic part of the system. Lower bacterial diversity was observed in fresh fish feces, where a highly discrete gut flora composition was seen. Finally, the most pronounced differences in microbial community compositions were observed between the aerobic and anaerobic loops of the system, with unique bacterial compositions in each individual compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zala Schmautz
- Ecological Engineering Centre, Institute of Natural Resource Sciences, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Wädenswil, Switzerland; Group of Plant Nutrition, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Lindau, Switzerland..
| | | | | | - Florentina Gartmann
- Ecological Engineering Centre, Institute of Natural Resource Sciences, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Wädenswil, Switzerland
| | - Ben Scott
- Ecological Engineering Centre, Institute of Natural Resource Sciences, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Wädenswil, Switzerland
| | - Joël F Pothier
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Research Group, Institute of Natural Resource Sciences, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Wädenswil, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuel Frossard
- Group of Plant Nutrition, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Lindau, Switzerland
| | - Ranka Junge
- Ecological Engineering Centre, Institute of Natural Resource Sciences, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Wädenswil, Switzerland
| | - Theo H M Smits
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Research Group, Institute of Natural Resource Sciences, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Wädenswil, Switzerland
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5
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Matar GK, Ali M, Bagchi S, Nunes S, Liu WT, Saikaly PE. Relative Importance of Stochastic Assembly Process of Membrane Biofilm Increased as Biofilm Aged. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:708531. [PMID: 34566913 PMCID: PMC8461090 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.708531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The relative importance of different ecological processes controlling biofilm community assembly over time on membranes with different surface characteristics has never been investigated in membrane bioreactors (MBRs). In this study, five ultrafiltration hollow-fiber membranes - having identical nominal pore size (0.1μm) but different hydrophobic or hydrophilic surface characteristics - were operated simultaneously in the same MBR tank with a constant flux of 10 liters per square meter per hour (LMH). In parallel, membrane modules operated without permeate flux (0 LMH) were submerged in the same MBR tank, to investigate the passive microbial adsorption onto different hydrophobic or hydrophilic membranes. Samples from the membrane biofilm were collected after 1, 10, 20, and 30days of continuous filtration. The membrane biofilm microbiome were investigated using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing from DNA and cDNA samples. Similar beta diversity trends were observed for both DNA- and cDNA-based analyses. Beta diversity analyses revealed that the nature of the membrane surface (i.e., hydrophobic vs. hydrophilic) did not seem to have an effect in shaping the bacterial community, and a similar biofilm microbiome evolved for all types of membranes. Similarly, membrane modules operated with and without permeate flux did not significantly influence alpha and beta diversity of the membrane biofilm. Nevertheless, different-aged membrane biofilm samples exhibited significant differences. Proteobacteria was the most dominant phylum in early-stage membrane biofilm after 1 and 10days of filtration. Subsequently, the relative reads abundance of the phyla Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes increased within the membrane biofilm communities after 20 and 30days of filtration, possibly due to successional steps that lead to the formation of a relatively aged biofilm. Our findings indicate distinct membrane biofilm assembly patterns with different-aged biofilm. Ecological null model analyses revealed that the assembly of early-stage biofilm community developed after 1 and 10days of filtration was mainly governed by homogenous selection. As the biofilm aged (days 20 and 30), stochastic processes (e.g., ecological drift) started to become important in shaping the assembly of biofilm community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald K Matar
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, Water Desalination and Reuse Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Ali
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, Water Desalination and Reuse Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samik Bagchi
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, Water Desalination and Reuse Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suzana Nunes
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wen-Tso Liu
- 3207 Newmark Civil Engineering Laboratory, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Pascal E Saikaly
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, Water Desalination and Reuse Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
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6
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Tan C, Zeng Q, Zhu G, Ning Y, Zhu X, Zhang P, Yan N, Zhang Y, Rittmann BE. Characteristics of denitrification in a vertical baffled bioreactor. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 197:111046. [PMID: 33745931 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A vertical baffled bioreactor (VBBR) was employed for tertiary denitrification. Its features were designed to minimize the demand for externally supplied electron donor by minimizing net biomass synthesis and oxygen respiration. Over a two-year period, complete denitrification was realized routinely in the VBBR. The nitrate-removal rate was proportion to the influent COD/N ratio, with complete denitrification possible for COD/N ratios >3 gCOD/gN. Batch kinetic tests carried out at the end of years 1 and 2 documented that supplied electron donor was oxidized in the first 1-2 h, but nitrate and nitrite reductions occurred predominantly after 2 h and were driven by internally stored electron donor. Measurements confirmed that the VBBR minimized the demand of added electron donor: The observed yield was only 0.05 mgVSS/mgCOD, and the COD demand for O2 respiration was only 1-6.7% of the COD demand for N reductions. Biofilm samples taken from the upper and lower ports in cylinder of VBBR had similarly high alpha diversity and dominant genera, but the upper biofilm had a denitrification rate about 70% greater than the lower biofilm. The higher denitrification rate in the upper biofilm correlated its higher content of active biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Tan
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental and Geographical Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, PR China; Yangtze Delta Wetland Ecosystem National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station, PR China
| | - Qiuyu Zeng
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental and Geographical Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, PR China; Yangtze Delta Wetland Ecosystem National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station, PR China
| | - Ge Zhu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental and Geographical Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, PR China; Yangtze Delta Wetland Ecosystem National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station, PR China
| | - Yanning Ning
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental and Geographical Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, PR China; Yangtze Delta Wetland Ecosystem National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station, PR China
| | - Xiaohui Zhu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental and Geographical Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, PR China; Yangtze Delta Wetland Ecosystem National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station, PR China
| | - Peipei Zhang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental and Geographical Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, PR China; Yangtze Delta Wetland Ecosystem National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station, PR China
| | - Ning Yan
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental and Geographical Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, PR China; Yangtze Delta Wetland Ecosystem National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station, PR China.
| | - Yongming Zhang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental and Geographical Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, PR China; Yangtze Delta Wetland Ecosystem National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station, PR China.
| | - Bruce E Rittmann
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-5701, USA
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7
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Chen L, Zhang J, Dai H, Hu BX, Tong J, Gui D, Zhang X, Xia C. Comparison of the groundwater microbial community in a salt-freshwater mixing zone during the dry and wet seasons. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 271:110969. [PMID: 32583802 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
To gain a better understanding of the microbial community in salt-freshwater mixing zones, in this study, the influence of seasonal variation on the groundwater microbial community was evaluated by high throughput 16S rDNA gene sequencing. The results showed that notable changes in microbial community occurred in a salt-freshwater mixing zone and the groundwater samples in the dry season were more saline than those in the wet season. The increase in precipitation during the wet season relieved local seawater intrusion. Microbial diversity varied greatly with seasons, while no obvious change pattern was found. Proteobacteria was identified as the dominant phylum in all samples. The genus Hydrogenophaga dominated in the dry season, while the genus Acidovorax dominated in the wet season. Dissolved oxygen affected the diversity of the microbial communities during the dry and wet season, while groundwater level had a strong influence on the structure of microbial communities. Phylogenetic molecular network analysis of the microbial communities indicated that increased seawater intrusion led to a more compact microbial network and strengthening the groundwater microbial interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Chen
- School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), 100083, Beijing, China; Shenyang Geological Survey, China Geological Survey, 110034, Shenyang, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Institute of Groundwater and Earth Science, Jinan University, 510632, Guangzhou, China; Green Development Institute of Zhaoqing, 526000, Zhaoqing, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, 510632, Guangzhou, China
| | - Heng Dai
- Institute of Groundwater and Earth Science, Jinan University, 510632, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Bill X Hu
- School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), 100083, Beijing, China; Institute of Groundwater and Earth Science, Jinan University, 510632, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Juxiu Tong
- School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), 100083, Beijing, China
| | - Dongwei Gui
- Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystem, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China
| | - Xiaoying Zhang
- College of Construct Engineering, Jilin University, 130012, Changchun, China
| | - Chuanan Xia
- Institute of Groundwater and Earth Science, Jinan University, 510632, Guangzhou, China
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8
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Liang J, Wang Q, Li QX, Jiang L, Kong J, Ke M, Arslan M, Gamal El-Din M, Chen C. Aerobic sludge granulation in shale gas flowback water treatment: Assessment of the bacterial community dynamics and modeling of bioreactor performance using artificial neural network. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 313:123687. [PMID: 32574748 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Flowback water from shale gas extraction is highly saline and comprises complex organic substances, thereby posing a significant challenge for the environmental management of the unconventional natural gas industry. In this work, an aerobic granular sludge (AGS) method was successfully used for the treatment of flowback water from shale gas extraction. The formed AGS had a diameter of 0.25-2.0 mm and the total sludge volume index was 23.40 mL g-1. The AGS efficiently removed COD, NH4+-N and TN by 70.1%, 92.1%, and 59.2%, respectively. The bacterial communities responsible for the removal of nitrogen and degradation of organics were enriched in AGS. The dynamics of contaminant removal was further explained with a three-layered artificial neural network model. The results showed that the initial concentration of COD, TDS, NH4+-N and TN governed the contaminants' removal. As for operating parameters, aerating time showed a strong effect on NH4+-N and TN removal, whereas settling time impacted the COD removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Qinghong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Qing X Li
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, United States
| | - Liangyan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Jiawen Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Ming Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Muhammad Arslan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Mohamed Gamal El-Din
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Chunmao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, China.
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9
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Draft Genome Sequence of Acidovorax sp. Strain NB1, Isolated from a Nitrite-Oxidizing Enrichment Culture. Microbiol Resour Announc 2019; 8:8/33/e00547-19. [PMID: 31416864 PMCID: PMC6696639 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00547-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we report the draft genome sequence of Acidovorax sp. strain NB1, isolated from an enrichment culture of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB). Genes involved in denitrification were found in the draft genome of NB1. The closest strain to NB1 based on genomic relatedness is Acidovorax sp. strain GW101-3H11, with 91.5% average nucleotide identity. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of Acidovorax sp. strain NB1, isolated from an enrichment culture of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB). Genes involved in denitrification were found in the draft genome of NB1. The closest strain to NB1 based on genomic relatedness is Acidovorax sp. strain GW101-3H11, with 91.5% average nucleotide identity.
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10
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Temporal changes of geochemistry and microbial community in low and intermediate level waste (LILW) repository, South Korea. ANN NUCL ENERGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anucene.2019.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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11
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Lépesová K, Kraková L, Pangallo D, Medveďová A, Olejníková P, Mackuľak T, Tichý J, Grabic R, Birošová L. Prevalence of antibiotic-resistant coliform bacteria, Enterococcus spp. and Staphylococcus spp. in wastewater sewerage biofilm. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2018; 14:145-151. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2018.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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12
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The Effects of Different Oxytetracycline and Copper Treatments on the Performance of Anaerobic Digesters and the Dynamics of Bacterial Communities. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:1897280. [PMID: 30069464 PMCID: PMC6057349 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1897280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Oxytetracycline and copper are the common residues in animal manures. Meanwhile, anaerobic digestion is considered as a clean biotechnology for the disposal of animal manures. In this paper, the performance of anaerobic digesters and the dynamics of bacterial communities under the different treatments of oxytetracycline and copper were discussed. The parameters of methane production and pH values were studied to reflect the performance of anaerobic digester. Results showed that the changes of methane production and pH values were not obvious compared with the control. This means that the treatments of oxytetracycline and copper almost have no effects on the performance of anaerobic digesters. This phenomenon might be due to the chelation reaction between oxytetracycline and copper. This chelation reaction might reduce the toxicity of oxytetracycline. The study on the dynamics of bacterial communities was based on the polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) method. Results indicated that the bacterial communities had significant differences under the different treatments of oxytetracycline and copper. Uncultured Bacteroidetes bacterium (CU922272.1) and uncultured Bacteroidetes bacterium (AB780945.1) showed adaptability to the different treatments of oxytetracycline and copper and were the dominant bacterial communities.
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13
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Zhou X, Zhang Z, Zhang X, Liu Y. A novel single-stage process integrating simultaneous COD oxidation, partial nitritation-denitritation and anammox (SCONDA) for treating ammonia-rich organic wastewater. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 254:50-55. [PMID: 29413938 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.01.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, simultaneous carbon oxidation, partial nitritation, denitritation and anammox (SCONDA) was successfully integrated into a one-stage sequencing biofilm batch reactor for treating ammonia-rich organic wastewater with carbon to nitrogen (C/N) ratio of 3. The results showed that 94.3% of COD removal together with 92.6% NH4+-N and 88% TN removal were achieved via SCONDA. High-throughout sequencing analysis further revealed that the microbial community developed in the proposed system was primarily dominated by heterotrophic bacteria (e.g. Thauera, Azovibrio, Ohtaekwangia, Azospira), autotrophic bacteria (e.g. Nitrosomona) and unclassified genus of anammox bacterium, which were all essential for COD and N removal via SCONDA. The observed spatial distributions of the functional species in stratified biofilms were found to be crucial for successful SCONDA at the low dissolved oxygen of 1.3 mg/L. The integrated SCONDA system is expected to offer a promising alternative for advanced nitrogen and organic removal from high-ammonia organic wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhou
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China; Innovation Center for Postgraduate Education in Municipal Engineering of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan 030024, China; Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, NEWRI, Nanyang Technological University, 637141, Singapore.
| | - Zeqian Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China; Innovation Center for Postgraduate Education in Municipal Engineering of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Xinai Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China; Innovation Center for Postgraduate Education in Municipal Engineering of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Yu Liu
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Nanyang Technological University, 637819, Singapore; Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, NEWRI, Nanyang Technological University, 637141, Singapore
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14
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An X, Baker P, Li H, Su J, Yu C, Cai C. The patterns of bacterial community and relationships between sulfate-reducing bacteria and hydrochemistry in sulfate-polluted groundwater of Baogang rare earth tailings. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:21766-21779. [PMID: 27522211 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7381-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Microorganisms are the primary agents responsible for the modification, degradation, and/or detoxification of pollutants, and thus, they play a major role in their natural attenuation; yet, little is known about the structure and diversity of the subsurface community and relationships between microbial community and groundwater hydrochemistry. In this study, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) allowed a comparative microbial community analysis of sulfate-contaminated groundwater samples from nine different wells in the region of Baogang rare earth tailings. Using real-time PCR, the abundance of total bacteria and the sulfate-reducing genes of aprA and dsrB were quantified. Statistical analyses showed a clear distinction of the microbial community diversity between the contaminated and uncontaminated samples, with Proteobacteria being the most dominant members of the microbial community. SO42- concentrations exerted a significant effect on the variation of the bacterial community (P < 0.05), with higher concentrations of sulfate reducing the microbial diversity (H' index), indicating that human activity (e.g., mining industries) was a possible factor disturbing the structure of the bacterial community. Quantitative analysis of the functional genes showed that the proportions of dsrB to total bacteria were 0.002-2.85 %, and the sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) were predominant within the prokaryotic community in the groundwater. The uncontaminated groundwater with low sulfate concentration harbored higher abundance of SRB than that in the polluted samples, while no significant correlation was observed between sulfate concentrations and SRB abundances in this study, suggesting other environmental factors possibly contributed to different distributions and abundances of SRB in the different sites. The results should facilitate expanded studies to identify robust microbe-environment interactions and provide a strong foundation for qualitative exploration of the bacterial diversity in rare earth tailings groundwater that might ultimately be incorporated into the remediation of environmental contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinli An
- Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Paul Baker
- Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL572DG, UK
| | - Hu Li
- Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jianqiang Su
- Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Changping Yu
- Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Chao Cai
- Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China.
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15
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Comparison of bacterial communities of conventional and A-stage activated sludge systems. Sci Rep 2016; 6:18786. [PMID: 26728449 PMCID: PMC4700461 DOI: 10.1038/srep18786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The bacterial community structure of 10 different wastewater treatment systems and their influents has been investigated through pyrosequencing, yielding a total of 283486 reads. These bioreactors had different technological configurations: conventional activated sludge (CAS) systems and very highly loaded A-stage systems. A-stage processes are proposed as the first step in an energy producing municipal wastewater treatment process. Pyrosequencing analysis indicated that bacterial community structure of all influents was similar. Also the bacterial community of all CAS bioreactors was similar. Bacterial community structure of A-stage bioreactors showed a more case-specific pattern. A core of genera was consistently found for all influents, all CAS bioreactors and all A-stage bioreactors, respectively, showing that different geographical locations in The Netherlands and Spain did not affect the functional bacterial communities in these technologies. The ecological roles of these bacteria were discussed. Influents and A-stage bioreactors shared several core genera, while none of these were shared with CAS bioreactors communities. This difference is thought to reside in the different operational conditions of the two technologies. This study shows that bacterial community structure of CAS and A-stage bioreactors are mostly driven by solids retention time (SRT) and hydraulic retention time (HRT), as suggested by multivariate redundancy analysis.
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Grijalbo L, Garbisu C, Martín I, Etxebarria J, Gutierrez-Mañero FJ, Lucas Garcia JA. Functional diversity and dynamics of bacterial communities in a membrane bioreactor for the treatment of metal-working fluid wastewater. JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH 2015; 13:1006-1019. [PMID: 26608762 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2015.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
An extensive microbiological study has been carried out in a membrane bioreactor fed with activated sludge and metal-working fluids. Functional diversity and dynamics of bacterial communities were studied with different approaches. Functional diversity of culturable bacterial communities was studied with different Biolog™ plates. Structure and dynamics of bacterial communities were studied in culturable and in non-culturable fractions using a 16S rRNA analysis. Among the culturable bacteria, Alphaproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria were the predominant classes. However, changes in microbial community structure were detected over time. Culture-independent analysis showed that Betaproteobacteria was the most frequently detected class in the membrane bioreactor (MBR) community with Zoogloea and Acidovorax as dominant genera. Also, among non-culturable bacteria, a process of succession was observed. Longitudinal structural shifts observed were more marked for non-culturable than for culturable bacteria, pointing towards an important role in the MBR performance. Microbial community metabolic abilities assessed with Biolog™ Gram negative, Gram positive and anaerobic plates also showed differences over time for Shannon's diversity index, kinetics of average well colour development, and the intensely used substrates by bacterial community in each plate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Grijalbo
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Facultad Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo CEU., Urb. Monteprincipe, Boadilla del Monte, 28668 Madrid, Spain E-mail:
| | - Carlos Garbisu
- Department of Ecology and Natural Resources, Soil Microbial Ecology Group, NEIKER-Tecnalia, c/Berreaga 1, E-48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Iker Martín
- Department of Ecology and Natural Resources, Soil Microbial Ecology Group, NEIKER-Tecnalia, c/Berreaga 1, E-48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Javier Etxebarria
- GAIKER Tecnological Centre, IK4 Research Alliance, E-48170 Zamudio, Spain
| | - F Javier Gutierrez-Mañero
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Facultad Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo CEU., Urb. Monteprincipe, Boadilla del Monte, 28668 Madrid, Spain E-mail:
| | - Jose Antonio Lucas Garcia
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Facultad Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo CEU., Urb. Monteprincipe, Boadilla del Monte, 28668 Madrid, Spain
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First Draft Genome Sequence of the Acidovorax caeni sp. nov. Type Strain R-24608 (DSM 19327). GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2015; 3:3/6/e01378-15. [PMID: 26586902 PMCID: PMC4653804 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.01378-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We report the draft genome sequence of the Acidovorax caeni type strain R-24608 that was isolated from activated sludge of an aerobic-anaerobic wastewater treatment plant. The closest strain to Acidovorax caeni strain R-24608 is Acidovorax sp. strain MR-S7 with a 55.4% (amino-acid sequence) open reading frames (ORFs) average similarity.
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18
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Narrowe AB, Albuthi-Lantz M, Smith EP, Bower KJ, Roane TM, Vajda AM, Miller CS. Perturbation and restoration of the fathead minnow gut microbiome after low-level triclosan exposure. MICROBIOME 2015; 3:6. [PMID: 25815185 PMCID: PMC4374533 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-015-0069-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triclosan is a widely used antimicrobial compound and emerging environmental contaminant. Although the role of the gut microbiome in health and disease is increasingly well established, the interaction between environmental contaminants and host microbiome is largely unexplored, with unknown consequences for host health. This study examined the effects of low, environmentally relevant levels of triclosan exposure on the fish gut microbiome. Developing fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) were exposed to two low levels of triclosan over a 7-day exposure. Fish gastrointestinal tracts from exposed and control fish were harvested at four time points: immediately preceding and following the 7-day exposure and after 1 and 2 weeks of depuration. RESULTS A total of 103 fish gut bacterial communities were characterized by high-throughput sequencing and analysis of the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. By measures of both alpha and beta diversity, gut microbial communities were significantly differentiated by exposure history immediately following triclosan exposure. After 2 weeks of depuration, these differences disappear. Independent of exposure history, communities were also significantly structured by time. This first detailed census of the fathead minnow gut microbiome shows a bacterial community that is similar in composition to those of zebrafish and other freshwater fish. Among the triclosan-resilient members of this host-associated community are taxa associated with denitrification in wastewater treatment, taxa potentially able to degrade triclosan, and taxa from an unstudied host-associated candidate division. CONCLUSIONS The fathead minnow gut microbiome is rapidly and significantly altered by exposure to low, environmentally relevant levels of triclosan, yet largely recovers from this short-term perturbation over an equivalently brief time span. These results suggest that even low-level environmental exposure to a common antimicrobial compound can induce significant short-term changes to the gut microbiome, followed by restoration, demonstrating both the sensitivity and resilience of the gut flora to challenges by environmental toxicants. This short-term disruption in a developing organism may have important long-term consequences for host health. The identification of multiple taxa not often reported in the fish gut suggests that microbial nitrogen metabolism in the fish gut may be more complex than previously appreciated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne B Narrowe
- />Department of Integrative Biology, University of Colorado Denver, Campus Box 171, PO Box 173364, Denver, CO 80217 USA
| | - Munira Albuthi-Lantz
- />Department of Integrative Biology, University of Colorado Denver, Campus Box 171, PO Box 173364, Denver, CO 80217 USA
| | - Erin P Smith
- />Department of Integrative Biology, University of Colorado Denver, Campus Box 171, PO Box 173364, Denver, CO 80217 USA
- />Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164 USA
- />School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164 USA
| | - Kimberly J Bower
- />Department of Integrative Biology, University of Colorado Denver, Campus Box 171, PO Box 173364, Denver, CO 80217 USA
| | - Timberley M Roane
- />Department of Integrative Biology, University of Colorado Denver, Campus Box 171, PO Box 173364, Denver, CO 80217 USA
| | - Alan M Vajda
- />Department of Integrative Biology, University of Colorado Denver, Campus Box 171, PO Box 173364, Denver, CO 80217 USA
| | - Christopher S Miller
- />Department of Integrative Biology, University of Colorado Denver, Campus Box 171, PO Box 173364, Denver, CO 80217 USA
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19
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Wang Y, Li P, Jiang D, Li B, Dai X, Jiang Z, Wang Y. Vertical distribution of bacterial communities in high arsenic sediments of Hetao Plain, Inner Mongolia. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2014; 23:1890-1899. [PMID: 25154458 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-014-1322-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/09/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Vertical distribution of bacterial communities was detected in high arsenic (As) sediments in a representative high As area in Inner Mongolia. Nineteen sediment samples were collected from a 30 m borehole and detected by geochemistry and molecular ecological approaches including polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE), 16S rRNA gene clone library and 454 pyrosequencing. As contents ranged from 42.1 to 111.3 mg kg(-1) which fluctuated with different depth and significantly high in clay and mild clay sediment samples at depth of 8, 20, 25 and 28 m respectively. The ratios of As(III) to total As generally increased with depth but As(V) dominated in all sediment samples. High concentrations of total As, sulfur, iron and total organic carbon were generally found in clay and low in sand samples. Both DGGE patterns and 454 pyrosequencing results indicated that bacterial communities dynamically diversified with increasing depth and were dominated by Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria and Chloroflexi. Most of the sediment samples were dominated by populations including Sporosarcina, Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, Halomonas, Polaromonas, Paenibacillus and Flavobacterium. These populations were found with high similarities with those microbes capable of denitrification, sulfur oxidation, organic matter degradation and As resistance and reduction. These results implied that microbes might play an important role in As mobilization in the shallow aquifers of Hetao Plain, Inner Mongolia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
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20
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Tian HL, Zhao JY, Zhang HY, Chi CQ, Li BA, Wu XL. Bacterial community shift along with the changes in operational conditions in a membrane-aerated biofilm reactor. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 99:3279-90. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-6204-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2014] [Revised: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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21
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Lu H, Chandran K, Stensel D. Microbial ecology of denitrification in biological wastewater treatment. WATER RESEARCH 2014; 64:237-254. [PMID: 25078442 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2014.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 345] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2013] [Revised: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/29/2014] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Globally, denitrification is commonly employed in biological nitrogen removal processes to enhance water quality. However, substantial knowledge gaps remain concerning the overall community structure, population dynamics and metabolism of different organic carbon sources. This systematic review provides a summary of current findings pertaining to the microbial ecology of denitrification in biological wastewater treatment processes. DNA fingerprinting-based analysis has revealed a high level of microbial diversity in denitrification reactors and highlighted the impacts of carbon sources in determining overall denitrifying community composition. Stable isotope probing, fluorescence in situ hybridization, microarrays and meta-omics further link community structure with function by identifying the functional populations and their gene regulatory patterns at the transcriptional and translational levels. This review stresses the need to integrate microbial ecology information into conventional denitrification design and operation at full-scale. Some emerging questions, from physiological mechanisms to practical solutions, for example, eliminating nitrous oxide emissions and supplementing more sustainable carbon sources than methanol, are also discussed. A combination of high-throughput approaches is next in line for thorough assessment of wastewater denitrifying community structure and function. Though denitrification is used as an example here, this synergy between microbial ecology and process engineering is applicable to other biological wastewater treatment processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijie Lu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, 205 N Mathews, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
| | - Kartik Chandran
- Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering, Columbia University, 500 West 120th Street, New York, NY 10027, USA.
| | - David Stensel
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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Phyllosphere bacterial community of floating macrophytes in paddy soil environments as revealed by illumina high-throughput sequencing. Appl Environ Microbiol 2014; 81:522-32. [PMID: 25362067 DOI: 10.1128/aem.03191-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The phyllosphere of floating macrophytes in paddy soil ecosystems, a unique habitat, may support large microbial communities but remains largely unknown. We took Wolffia australiana as a representative floating plant and investigated its phyllosphere bacterial community and the underlying driving forces of community modulation in paddy soil ecosystems using Illumina HiSeq 2000 platform-based 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. The results showed that the phyllosphere of W. australiana harbored considerably rich communities of bacteria, with Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes as the predominant phyla. The core microbiome in the phyllosphere contained genera such as Acidovorax, Asticcacaulis, Methylibium, and Methylophilus. Complexity of the phyllosphere bacterial communities in terms of class number and α-diversity was reduced compared to those in corresponding water and soil. Furthermore, the bacterial communities exhibited structures significantly different from those in water and soil. These findings and the following redundancy analysis (RDA) suggest that species sorting played an important role in the recruitment of bacterial species in the phyllosphere. The compositional structures of the phyllosphere bacterial communities were modulated predominantly by water physicochemical properties, while the initial soil bacterial communities had limited impact. Taken together, the findings from this study reveal the diversity and uniqueness of the phyllosphere bacterial communities associated with the floating macrophytes in paddy soil environments.
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Abstract
To investigate nutrient removal and biological community structure in wastewater treatment system under different ratio of C/N/P, hybrid biofilm reactor (HBR) and sequencing batch reactor (SBR) in lab scale were set up. Results showed that both HBR and SBR achieved the best removal efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus when C/N/P=100/6.25/1. With the rise of C/N/P from 50/6.25/1 to 100/6.25/1, the removal efficiencies of NH3-N were greater than 93% in three phases of both reactors; the efficiencies of TN were increased from 65% to 79% in SBR while these values at HBR were from 73% to 86%; the efficiencies of TP were increased from 42% to 93% in SBR while these values at HBR were from 32% to 93%. Microbial community structure response to different C/N/P was determined by PCR-DGGE technology. Similarity coefficient was lowest and denitrifying phosphate accumulating bacteria became dominant bacteria in SBR when C/N/P was 100/6.25/1. There were many functional bacteria in HBR, such as bacteria for removing nutrients (Uncultured BacteroidetesFJ828150), bacteria for removing organic (Uncultured Saprospiraceae) bacteria for removing nitrogen (Ferribacterium sp.), and nitrifying bacteria (Uncultured Nitrospira sp.) which became dominant bacteria. Because of microbial diversity index of biofilm was up to 3.3, similarity coefficient was as low as 43.4%.
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Inaba S, Ikenishi F, Itakura M, Kikuchi M, Eda S, Chiba N, Katsuyama C, Suwa Y, Mitsui H, Minamisawa K. N(2)O emission from degraded soybean nodules depends on denitrification by Bradyrhizobium japonicum and other microbes in the rhizosphere. Microbes Environ 2012; 27:470-6. [PMID: 23047151 PMCID: PMC4103556 DOI: 10.1264/jsme2.me12100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2012] [Accepted: 05/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A model system developed to produce N(2)O emissions from degrading soybean nodules in the laboratory was used to clarify the mechanism of N(2)O emission from soybean fields. Soybean plants inoculated with nosZ-defective strains of Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA110 (ΔnosZ, lacking N(2)O reductase) were grown in aseptic jars. After 30 days, shoot decapitation (D, to promote nodule degradation), soil addition (S, to supply soil microbes), or both (DS) were applied. N(2)O was emitted only with DS treatment. Thus, both soil microbes and nodule degradation are required for the emission of N(2)O from the soybean rhizosphere. The N(2)O flux peaked 15 days after DS treatment. Nitrate addition markedly enhanced N(2)O emission. A (15)N tracer experiment indicated that N(2)O was derived from N fixed in the nodules. To evaluate the contribution of bradyrhizobia, N(2)O emission was compared between a nirK mutant (ΔnirKΔnosZ, lacking nitrite reductase) and ΔnosZ. The N(2)O flux from the ΔnirKΔnosZ rhizosphere was significantly lower than that from ΔnosZ, but was still 40% to 60% of that of ΔnosZ, suggesting that N(2)O emission is due to both B. japonicum and other soil microorganisms. Only nosZ-competent B. japonicum (nosZ+ strain) could take up N(2)O. Therefore, during nodule degradation, both B. japonicum and other soil microorganisms release N(2)O from nodule N via their denitrification processes (N(2)O source), whereas nosZ-competent B. japonicum exclusively takes up N(2)O (N(2)O sink). Net N(2)O flux from soybean rhizosphere is likely determined by the balance of N(2)O source and sink.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoko Inaba
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 2–1–1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980–8577,
Japan
| | - Fumio Ikenishi
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 2–1–1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980–8577,
Japan
| | - Manabu Itakura
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 2–1–1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980–8577,
Japan
| | - Masakazu Kikuchi
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 2–1–1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980–8577,
Japan
| | - Shima Eda
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 2–1–1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980–8577,
Japan
| | - Naohiko Chiba
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, 1–13–27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112–8551,
Japan
| | - Chie Katsuyama
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, 1–13–27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112–8551,
Japan
| | - Yuichi Suwa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, 1–13–27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112–8551,
Japan
| | - Hisayuki Mitsui
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 2–1–1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980–8577,
Japan
| | - Kiwamu Minamisawa
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 2–1–1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980–8577,
Japan
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Inaba S, Tanabe K, Eda S, Ikeda S, Higashitani A, Mitsui H, Minamisawa K. Nitrous oxide emission and microbial community in the rhizosphere of nodulated soybeans during the late growth period. Microbes Environ 2011; 24:64-7. [PMID: 21566356 DOI: 10.1264/jsme2.me08544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined N(2)O emissions from the rhizosphere of field-grown soybeans during the late growth stage (99-117 days after sowing). Marked emissions were detected from the nodulated root systems of field-grown soybeans, whereas a non-nodulating soybean mutant showed no emission. Degraded nodules exclusively generated the N(2)O. A culture-independent analysis of microbial communities showed Bradyrhizobium sp., Acidvorax facilis, Salmonella enterica, Xanthomonas sp., Enterobacter cloacae, Pseudomonas putida, Fusarium sp., nematodes, and other protozoans to be more abundant in the degraded nodules, suggesting that some of these organisms participate in the N(2)O emission process in the soybean rhizosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoko Inaba
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoboku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
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Kalyuzhnyi SV, Shestakova NM, Tourova TP, Poltaraus AB, Gladchenko MA, Trukhina AI, Nazina TN. Phylogenetic analysis of a microbial community involved in anaerobic oxidation of ammonium nitrogen. Microbiology (Reading) 2010. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026261710020165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Cabezas A, Draper P, Etchebehere C. Fluctuation of microbial activities after influent load variations in a full-scale SBR: recovery of the biomass after starvation. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2009; 84:1191-202. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-009-2138-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2009] [Revised: 07/07/2009] [Accepted: 07/09/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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28
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Analysis of the microbial community in sequencing batch reactors treating saline wastewater using molecular fingerprinting techniques. J Biotechnol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2008.07.1471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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29
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Verminephrobacter eiseniae gen. nov., sp. nov., a nephridial symbiont of the earthworm Eisenia foetida (Savigny). Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2008; 58:2147-57. [DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.65174-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Pandey J, Ganesan K, Jain RK. Variations in T-RFLP profiles with differing chemistries of fluorescent dyes used for labeling the PCR primers. J Microbiol Methods 2006; 68:633-8. [PMID: 17196691 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2006.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2006] [Revised: 11/07/2006] [Accepted: 11/20/2006] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Culture independent molecular methods have emerged as indispensable tools for studying microbial community structure and dynamics in natural habitats, since they allow a closer look at microbial diversity that is not reflected by culturing techniques. Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis is one of the informative and widely used techniques for such studies. However, the method has a few limitations to predict microbial community structure with significant accuracy. One of the major limitations is variation in real Terminal Restriction Fragment (TRF) length and observed TRF length. In the present study we report the generation of TRF length variations using different fluorescent dyes to label the PCR primers. T-RFLP profiles generated from primers labeled with different dyes varied significantly and led to inconsistent microbial species identification. Occurrence of such variations can have serious consequences on interpretation of the T-RFLP profiles from environmental samples representing complex microbial community. Therefore, in a T-RFLP study, the primers and labeling dye system should be carefully evaluated and optimized for an individual community under investigation. Further, it would be recommended to establish a target gene library in parallel with T-RFLP analysis to facilitate the accurate prediction of microbial community structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janmejay Pandey
- Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39-A, Chandigarh 160036, India
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Hallin S, Throbäck IN, Dicksved J, Pell M. Metabolic profiles and genetic diversity of denitrifying communities in activated sludge after addition of methanol or ethanol. Appl Environ Microbiol 2006; 72:5445-52. [PMID: 16885297 PMCID: PMC1538702 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00809-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
External carbon sources can enhance denitrification rates and thus improve nitrogen removal in wastewater treatment plants. The effects of adding methanol and ethanol on the genetic and metabolic diversity of denitrifying communities in activated sludge were compared using a pilot-scale plant with two parallel lines. A full-scale plant receiving the same municipal wastewater, but without external carbon source addition, was the reference. Metabolic profiles obtained from potential denitrification rates with 10 electron donors showed that the denitrifying communities altered their preferences for certain compounds after supplementation with methanol or ethanol and that methanol had the greater impact. Clone libraries of nirK and nirS genes, encoding the two different nitrite reductases in denitrifiers, revealed that methanol also increased the diversity of denitrifiers of the nirS type, which indicates that denitrifiers favored by methanol were on the rise in the community. This suggests that there might be a niche differentiation between nirS and nirK genotypes during activated sludge processes. The composition of nirS genotypes also varied greatly among all samples, whereas the nirK communities were more stable. The latter was confirmed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of nirK communities on all sampling occasions. Our results support earlier hypotheses that the compositions of denitrifier communities change during predenitrification processes when external carbon sources are added, although no severe effect could be observed from an operational point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Hallin
- Department of Microbiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden.
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Hoshino T, Terahara T, Yamada K, Okuda H, Suzuki I, Tsuneda S, Hirata A, Inamori Y. Long-term monitoring of the succession of a microbial community in activated sludge from a circulation flush toilet as a closed system. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2006; 55:459-70. [PMID: 16466385 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2005.00047.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The microbial diversity and community succession of a circulation flush toilet were investigated by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism and cloning analyses. Clonal libraries of 16S rRNA gene on day 3 and day 127 were constructed. On day 3, 102 clones were sequenced; Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes accounted for 27% and 45%, respectively. On day 127, Proteobacteria had increased to 43% and Bacteroidetes had decreased to 26% of a total of 100 clones. Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism peaks were identified by in silico analysis of clone libraries. The relative abundances of Nitrosomonas increased from 1% to 6% with commencement of nitrification and denitrification. Similarly, the relative abundance of terminal restriction fragments generated from Xanthomonas increased from 3% to 10%. Therefore, these bacteria could play a prominent role in this process. To reveal the relationship between stability of the microbial community and performance of the system, microbial community succession was visualized by multidimensional scaling analysis. The microbial community structure changed markedly, particularly during the start-up period of the system. The plots then became stable after the start of nitrification and denitrification. This result suggests that the succession of microbial community structure had a correlation with the performance of the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuhiko Hoshino
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan.
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