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Dreyer A, Lenz C, Groß U, Bohne W, Zautner AE. Comparative analysis of proteomic adaptations in Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium after long term bile acid exposure. BMC Microbiol 2024; 24:110. [PMID: 38570789 PMCID: PMC10988882 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-024-03253-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND All gastrointestinal pathogens, including Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium, undergo adaptation processes during colonization and infection. In this study, we investigated by data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry (DIA-MS) two crucial adaptations of these two Enterococcus species at the proteome level. Firstly, we examined the adjustments to cope with bile acid concentrations at 0.05% that the pathogens encounter during a potential gallbladder infection. Therefore, we chose the primary bile acids cholic acid (CA) and chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) as well as the secondary bile acid deoxycholic acid (DCA), as these are the most prominent bile acids. Secondly, we investigated the adaptations from an aerobic to a microaerophilic environment, as encountered after oral-fecal infection, in the absence and presence of deoxycholic acid (DCA). RESULTS Our findings showed similarities, but also species-specific variations in the response to the different bile acids. Both Enterococcus species showed an IC50 in the range of 0.01- 0.023% for DCA and CDCA in growth experiments and both species were resistant towards 0.05% CA. DCA and CDCA had a strong effect on down-expression of proteins involved in translation, transcription and replication in E. faecalis (424 down-expressed proteins with DCA, 376 down-expressed proteins with CDCA) and in E. faecium (362 down-expressed proteins with DCA, 391 down-expressed proteins with CDCA). Proteins commonly significantly altered in their expression in all bile acid treated samples were identified for both species and represent a "general bile acid response". Among these, various subunits of a V-type ATPase, different ABC-transporters, multi-drug transporters and proteins related to cell wall biogenesis were up-expressed in both species and thus seem to play an essential role in bile acid resistance. Most of the differentially expressed proteins were also identified when E. faecalis was incubated with low levels of DCA at microaerophilic conditions instead of aerobic conditions, indicating that adaptations to bile acids and to a microaerophilic atmosphere can occur simultaneously. CONCLUSIONS Overall, these findings provide a detailed insight into the proteomic stress response of two Enterococcus species and help to understand the resistance potential and the stress-coping mechanisms of these important gastrointestinal bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Dreyer
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Virology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christof Lenz
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Group, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Uwe Groß
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Virology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Bohne
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Virology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Erich Zautner
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Virology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.
- Center for Health and Medical Prevention (CHaMP), Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.
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Bachtarzi N, Gomri MA, Meradji M, Gil-Cardoso K, Ortega N, Chomiciute G, Del Bas JM, López Q, Martínez V, Kharroub K. In vitro assessment of biofunctional properties of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum strain Jb21-11 and the characterization of its exopolysaccharide. Int Microbiol 2024; 27:239-256. [PMID: 37286917 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-023-00387-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ABSTACT The microbiota of traditional food provides a rich reservoir of biodiversity to find new strains with interesting features for novel functional food formulation. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the biofunctional potential of the lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strain Jb21-11 isolated from Jben, a traditional Algerian fresh cheese. This isolate was selected out of a collection of 154 LAB based on its exopolysaccharide (EPS) phenotype and was preliminarily identified by polyphasic characterization as Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (previously known as Lactobacillus plantarum) and its biofunctional properties were then assessed in vitro. The tested strain demonstrated good resistance to gastric juice, acidity around pH 2, and 2% (v/v) bile salts, which are important characteristics for potential biofunctional LAB candidates. It also showed a good production of ropy EPS with 674 mg/L on MRS medium. However, this ability appears to compromise the adhesion of the strain to Caco-2 cells (less than 1%), which according to our results, seems not to be related to autoaggregation and hydrophobicity (44.88 ± 0.028% and 16.59 ± 0.012%). Furthermore, promising antimicrobial activity against three pathogenic bacteria (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella) was detected probably due to antimicrobial metabolites excreted during fermentation process into the medium. Moreover, the strain L. plantarum Jb21-11 displayed a therapeutic functionality with both anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory action using RAW 264.7 cells. The chemical features of the novel ropy Jb21-11-EPS were also investigated revealing the presence of three monosaccharides, namely, mannose, galactose, and glucose, with a molar ratio of 5.42:1.00:4.52 linked together by α- and β-glycosidic bonds, presenting a relatively high molecular weight of 1.08 × 105 Da of interest for a texturing potential. Therefore, the new producing EPS strain Jb21-11 is a promising candidate for use as an adjunct culture for improving the texture of functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Bachtarzi
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Food Quality (BIOQUAL), Institute of Nutrition, Food and Agri-Food Technologies (INATAA), University of Mentouri Brother's Constantine 1 (UFMC1), Road of Ain El Bey, 25000, Constantine, Algeria.
| | - Mohamed Amine Gomri
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Food Quality (BIOQUAL), Institute of Nutrition, Food and Agri-Food Technologies (INATAA), University of Mentouri Brother's Constantine 1 (UFMC1), Road of Ain El Bey, 25000, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Meriem Meradji
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Food Quality (BIOQUAL), Institute of Nutrition, Food and Agri-Food Technologies (INATAA), University of Mentouri Brother's Constantine 1 (UFMC1), Road of Ain El Bey, 25000, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Katherine Gil-Cardoso
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Technological Unit of Nutrition and Health, Reus, Spain
| | - Nàdia Ortega
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Technological Unit of Nutrition and Health, Reus, Spain
| | - Gertruda Chomiciute
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Technological Unit of Nutrition and Health, Reus, Spain
| | | | - Quiro López
- Creaciones Aromáticas Industriales SA, Cuatrecasas i Arimí, 2, 08192, Sant Quirze del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vanesa Martínez
- Creaciones Aromáticas Industriales SA, Cuatrecasas i Arimí, 2, 08192, Sant Quirze del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Karima Kharroub
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Food Quality (BIOQUAL), Institute of Nutrition, Food and Agri-Food Technologies (INATAA), University of Mentouri Brother's Constantine 1 (UFMC1), Road of Ain El Bey, 25000, Constantine, Algeria
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3
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Fiebig A, Schnizlein MK, Pena-Rivera S, Trigodet F, Dubey AA, Hennessy M, Basu A, Pott S, Dalal S, Rubin D, Sogin ML, Murat Eren A, Chang EB, Crosson S. Bile acid fitness determinants of a Bacteroides fragilis isolate from a human pouchitis patient. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.11.540287. [PMID: 37214927 PMCID: PMC10197588 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.11.540287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Bacteroides fragilis comprises 1-5% of the gut microbiota in healthy humans but can expand to >50% of the population in ulcerative colitis (UC) patients experiencing inflammation. The mechanisms underlying such microbial blooms are poorly understood, but the gut of UC patients has physicochemical features that differ from healthy patients and likely impact microbial physiology. For example, levels of the secondary bile acid deoxycholate (DC) are highly reduced in the ileoanal J-pouch of UC colectomy patients. We isolated a B. fragilis strain from a UC patient with pouch inflammation (i.e. pouchitis) and developed it as a genetic model system to identify genes and pathways that are regulated by DC and that impact B. fragilis fitness in DC and crude bile. Treatment of B. fragilis with a physiologically relevant concentration of DC reduced cell growth and remodeled transcription of one-quarter of the genome. DC strongly induced expression of chaperones and select transcriptional regulators and efflux systems and downregulated protein synthesis genes. Using a barcoded collection of ≈50,000 unique insertional mutants, we further defined B. fragilis genes that contribute to fitness in media containing DC or crude bile. Genes impacting cell envelope functions including cardiolipin synthesis, cell surface glycosylation, and systems implicated in sodium-dependent bioenergetics were major bile acid fitness factors. As expected, there was limited overlap between transcriptionally regulated genes and genes that impacted fitness in bile when disrupted. Our study provides a genome-scale view of a B. fragilis bile response and genetic determinants of its fitness in DC and crude bile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aretha Fiebig
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Matthew K. Schnizlein
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Selymar Pena-Rivera
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Florian Trigodet
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Abhishek Anil Dubey
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Miette Hennessy
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Anindita Basu
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sebastian Pott
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sushila Dalal
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - David Rubin
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - A. Murat Eren
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Eugene B. Chang
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sean Crosson
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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In Silico Evidence of the Multifunctional Features of Lactiplantibacillus pentosus LPG1, a Natural Fermenting Agent Isolated from Table Olive Biofilms. Foods 2023; 12:foods12050938. [PMID: 36900455 PMCID: PMC10000683 DOI: 10.3390/foods12050938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a growing interest in obtaining probiotic bacteria from plant origins. This is the case of Lactiplantibacillus pentosus LPG1, a lactic acid bacterial strain isolated from table olive biofilms with proven multifunctional features. In this work, we have sequenced and closed the complete genome of L. pentosus LPG1 using both Illumina and PacBio technologies. Our intention is to carry out a comprehensive bioinformatics analysis and whole-genome annotation for a further complete evaluation of the safety and functionality of this microorganism. The chromosomic genome had a size of 3,619,252 bp, with a GC (Guanine-Citosine) content of 46.34%. L. pentosus LPG1 also had two plasmids, designated as pl1LPG1 and pl2LPG1, with lengths of 72,578 and 8713 bp (base pair), respectively. Genome annotation revealed that the sequenced genome consisted of 3345 coding genes and 89 non-coding sequences (73 tRNA and 16 rRNA genes). Taxonomy was confirmed by Average Nucleotide Identity analysis, which grouped L. pentosus LPG1 with other sequenced L. pentosus genomes. Moreover, the pan-genome analysis showed that L. pentosus LPG1 was closely related to the L. pentosus strains IG8, IG9, IG11, and IG12, all of which were isolated from table olive biofilms. Resistome analysis reported the absence of antibiotic resistance genes, whilst PathogenFinder tool classified the strain as a non-human pathogen. Finally, in silico analysis of L. pentosus LPG1 showed that many of its previously reported technological and probiotic phenotypes corresponded with the presence of functional genes. In light of these results, we can conclude that L. pentosus LPG1 is a safe microorganism and a potential human probiotic with a plant origin and application as a starter culture for vegetable fermentations.
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5
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Qin W, Xia Y, Xiong Z, Song X, Ai L, Wang G. The intestinal colonization of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum AR113 is influenced by its mucins and intestinal environment. Food Res Int 2022; 157:111382. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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6
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Suryadi U, Hertamawati RT, Imam S. Hydrolyzation of snail (Achatina fulica) meat with rice water as novel probiotic supplements for animal feed. Vet World 2022; 15:937-942. [PMID: 35698513 PMCID: PMC9178601 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.937-942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Snail meat and digestive tract hydrolyzate fermented with a consortium of preserved rice water microorganisms could serve as new sources of probiotics. Microorganisms from the examined feed supplement were isolated, identified, and characterized for resistance at low pH and with bile salts. The study aimed to determine the potential hydrolysate of the snail meat and digestive tract as a novel probiotic supplement for animal feed at various pH values and Oxgall.
Materials and Methods: The submerged fermentation method was conducted for 21 days to examine the novel probiotic that originated from snail microorganisms in the hydrolyzed liquid fermented by finely ground snail meat and the digestive tract. The microorganisms in the hydrolyzate were isolated by a spread plate method, while the potential of the probiotic hydrolyzate was tested for resistance to pH values of 2, 2.5, 3, and 4, as well as resistance to bile salts at Oxgall concentrations of 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.5%, 1%, and 2%.
Results: The hydrolyzate profile of snail meat and digestive tract contained five isolates of lactic acid bacteria that could serve as potential probiotics.
Conclusion: The application of fermentation technology using a consortium of preserved rice water microorganisms can convert snail meat and the digestive tract into novel probiotic products that could be utilized in feed supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ujang Suryadi
- Department of Animal Science, Politeknik Negeri Jember, Mastrip Street PO. BOX 164, Jember, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Rosa Tri Hertamawati
- Department of Animal Science, Politeknik Negeri Jember, Mastrip Street PO. BOX 164, Jember, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Shokhirul Imam
- Department of Animal Science, Politeknik Negeri Jember, Mastrip Street PO. BOX 164, Jember, East Java, Indonesia
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López de Felipe F, de las Rivas B, Muñoz R. Molecular Responses of Lactobacilli to Plant Phenolic Compounds: A Comparative Review of the Mechanisms Involved. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 11:antiox11010018. [PMID: 35052520 PMCID: PMC8772861 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactobacilli are well-studied bacteria that can undergo oxidative selective pressures by plant phenolic compounds (PPCs) in plants, during some food fermentations or in the gastrointestinal tract of animals via dietary inputs. Lactobacilli are known to be more tolerant to PPCs than other bacterial groups and, therefore, must have mechanisms to cope with the effects of these metabolites. In this review, we intend to present what is currently known about the basics beyond the responses of Lactobacillus spp. to individual PPCs. We review the molecular mechanisms that are engaged in the PPC-modulated responses studied to date in these bacteria that have been mainly characterized by system-based strategies, and we discuss their differences and similarities. A wide variety of mechanisms are induced to increase the oxidative stress response highlighting the antimicrobial nature of PPCs. However other uncovered mechanisms that are involved in the response to these compounds are reviewed, including the capacity of PPCs to modulate the expression of molecular functions used by lactobacilli to adapt to host environments. This shows that these phytochemicals can act as more than just antimicrobial agents in the dual interaction with lactobacilli.
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8
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Fidanza M, Panigrahi P, Kollmann TR. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum-Nomad and Ideal Probiotic. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:712236. [PMID: 34690957 PMCID: PMC8527090 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.712236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics are increasingly recognized as capable of positively modulating several aspects of human health. There are numerous attributes that make an ideal probiotic. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (Lp) exhibits an ecological and metabolic flexibility that allows it to thrive in a variety of environments. The present review will highlight the genetic and functional characteristics of Lp that make it an ideal probiotic and summarizes the current knowledge about its potential application as a prophylactic or therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pinaki Panigrahi
- Georgetown University Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, Washington, DC, United States
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Wang W, Jiang J, Chen H, Zhang Y, Liu Q. FtsH is required for protein secretion homeostasis and full bacterial virulence in Edwardsiella piscicida. Microb Pathog 2021; 161:105194. [PMID: 34534640 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Edwardsiella piscicida, as an important pathogen of fish, has caused huge losses in aquaculture. The virulence in E. piscicida has been increasingly concerned, but few studies have focused on the relationship between virulence and protein secretion homeostasis. FtsH, as a member of the AAA protease family, has important cellular functions, such as controlling the quality of membrane proteins. In this study, FtsH was demonstrated to be essential in maintaining protein secretion homeostasis, and its deletion could result in the secretion of massive cytoplasmic proteins by non-classical secretion pathway. Furthermore it was showed that FtsH is vital for E. piscicida to proliferate within host cells, and E. piscicida mutant ΔftsH will be obviously attenuated. After zebrafish was infected with the mutant ΔftsH, the lethality rate for zebrafish and the bacterial colonization in its organs were greatly reduced. These results suggested that FtsH, as a regulatory factor, closely linked protein secretory homeostasis with bacterial virulence, which provided clues for further exploring the involvement of protein secretion homeostasis in bacterial virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Jiatiao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Hao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yuanxing Zhang
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), 519000, Zhuhai, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Maricultured Animal Vaccines, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Qin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Maricultured Animal Vaccines, Shanghai, 200237, China.
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10
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Roh H, Kim DH. Genotypic and Phenotypic Characterization of Highly Alkaline-Resistant Carnobacterium maltaromaticum V-Type ATPase from the Dairy Product Based on Comparative Genomics. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9061233. [PMID: 34204143 PMCID: PMC8229585 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9061233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although Carnobacterium maltaromaticum derived from dairy products has been used as a lactic acid bacterium industrially, several studies have reported potential pathogenicity and disease outbreaks. Because strains derived from diseased fish and dairy products are considered potentially virulent and beneficial, respectively, their genotypic and phenotypic characteristics have attracted considerable attention. A genome-wide comparison of 30 genome sequences (13, 3, and 14 strains from diseased aquatic animals, dairy products, and processed food, respectively) was carried out. Additionally, one dairy and two nondairy strains were incubated in nutrient-rich (diluted liquid media) and nutrient-deficient environments (PBS) at pH 10 to compare their alkaline resistance in accordance with different nutritional environments by measuring their optical density and viable bacterial cell counts. Interestingly, only dairy strains carried 11 shared accessory genes, and 8 genes were strongly involved in the V-type ATPase gene cluster. Given that V-type ATPase contributes to resistance to alkaline pH and salts using proton motive force generated via sodium translocation across the membrane, C. maltaromaticum with a V-type ATPase might use nutrients in food under high pH. Indeed, the dairy strain carrying the V-type ATPase exhibited the highest alkaline resistance only in the nutrient-rich environment with significant upregulation of V-type ATPase expression. These results suggest that the gene cluster of V-type ATPase and increased alkaline resistance of dairy strains facilitate adaptation in the long-term ripening of alkaline dairy products.
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Wang G, Yu H, Feng X, Tang H, Xiong Z, Xia Y, Ai L, Song X. Specific bile salt hydrolase genes in Lactobacillus plantarum AR113 and relationship with bile salt resistance. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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12
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Transcriptional analysis for cholesterol-lowering effects of marine Lactobacillus plantarum Lp10 isolated from kelp. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.110563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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13
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Wang G, Zhai Z, Ren F, Li Z, Zhang B, Hao Y. Combined transcriptomic and proteomic analysis of the response to bile stress in a centenarian-originated probiotic Lactobacillus salivarius Ren. Food Res Int 2020; 137:109331. [PMID: 33233046 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Tolerance to bile stress is a crucial property for probiotics to survive in the gastrointestinal tract and exert their beneficial effects. In this work, transcriptomic analysis combined with two-dimensional electrophoresis revealed that the transcript levels of 129 genes and the abundance of 34 proteins were significantly changed in Lactobacillus salivarius Ren when exposed to 0.75 g/L ox-bile. Notably, carbohydrate metabolism shifted to the utilization of maltose and glycerol for energy production, suggesting that L. salivarius Ren expanded carbon sources profile for gut adaptation in response to bile. Moreover, the enzymes involved in cell surface charge modification and the cell envelope-located hemolysin-like protein were overproduced, which was supposed to hinder the penetration of bile. Then, the up-regulated ABC transporters could contribute to the extrusion of bile accumulated in the cytoplasm. Additionally, proteolytic system was activated to provide more amino acids for the synthesis and repair of proteins damaged by bile. Finally, γ-glutamylcysteine with antioxidant activity and oxidoreductases for redox homeostasis were increased to cope with the bile-induced oxidative stress. These findings provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms involved in bile stress response and adaptation in L. salivarius.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohong Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhengyuan Zhai
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
| | - Fazheng Ren
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Municipality, Beijing, China
| | - Zaigui Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
| | - Bing Zhang
- Core Genomic Facility, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Yanling Hao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Municipality, Beijing, China.
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Barcelos SC, Egito AS, Santos KMO, Moraes GMD, Teixeira Sá DMA. Effect of acerola (
Malpighia emarginata
DC) pulp incorporation on potentially probiotic
Petit‐Suisse
goat cheese. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.14511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Carneiro Barcelos
- Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia do Ceará–Campus Limoeiro do Norte Limoeiro do Norte Ceará Brazil
| | - Antônio Silvio Egito
- Embrapa Caprinos e Ovinos/Núcleo Regional Nordeste Campina Grande Paraíba Brazil
| | | | | | - Daniele Maria Alves Teixeira Sá
- Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia do Ceará–Campus Limoeiro do Norte Limoeiro do Norte Ceará Brazil
- Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia do Ceará–Campus Sobral Sobral Ceará Brazil
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15
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Cai H, Wen Z, Li X, Meng K, Yang P. Lactobacillus plantarum FRT10 alleviated high-fat diet-induced obesity in mice through regulating the PPARα signal pathway and gut microbiota. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:5959-5972. [PMID: 32409945 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10620-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies showed that probiotics supplementation contributed to alleviate obesity. This work was to assess the efficacy of Lactobacillus plantarum FRT10 from sour dough in alleviating obesity in mice fed with a high-fat diet (HFD), and the underlying mechanisms focusing on modulation of the gut microbiota profile. Kunming mice were fed with a regular diet (CT), a high-fat diet (HFD), and two HFDs containing low and high doses of L. plantarum FRT10 for 8 weeks. The physiological and biochemical modulations in liver were analyzed. Cecal contents were analyzed by high-throughput 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing. FRT10 supplementation significantly reduced body weight gain, fat weight, and liver triacylglycerols (TGs) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) concentrations (P < 0.05). FRT10 significantly ameliorated the HFD-induced gut dysbiosis, as evidenced by increased abundance of microbes, including Butyricicoccus, Butyricimonas, Intestinimonas, Odoribacter, and Alistipes, and decreased abundance of Desulfovibrionaceae, Roseburia, and Lachnoclostridium. Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Akkermansia were markedly increased after FRT10 intervention. In addition, real-time quantitative PCR revealed that FRT10 upregulated the mRNA expression levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPARα) and carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1α (CPT1α), and downregulated the mRNA expression levels of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP-1) and TG-synthesizing enzyme diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) in liver. These findings suggested that FRT10 had anti-obesity effects in obese mice partly related to the activation of PPARα/CPT1α pathway. FRT10 can be considered a single probiotic agent for preventing HFD-induced obesity in humans and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongying Cai
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.,National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zhiguo Wen
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiumei Li
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Kun Meng
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Peilong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China. .,National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Beijing, 100081, China.
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16
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Berkes E, Liao YH, Neef D, Grandalski M, Monsul N. Potentiated In Vitro Probiotic Activities of Lactobacillus fermentum LfQi6 Biofilm Biomass Versus Planktonic Culture. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2019; 12:1097-1114. [PMID: 31828607 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-019-09624-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we describe enhanced in vitro probiotic activities of preformed biofilms versus planktonic cultures of Lactobacillus fermentum LfQi6 (LfQi6), a lactic acid bacterium (LAB) isolated from the human microbiome. These evaluations are used to help predict host in vivo probiotic benefits and therefore indicate that LfQi6 may provide significant probiotic benefits in the human host when administered as preformed biofilms rather than as planktonic cultures. Specifically, LfQi6 biofilms demonstrated improved in vitro performance versus LfQi6 planktonic cultures for host gastrointestinal survival and engraftment, strain-specific antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activity against clinically significant pathogens, concurrent promotion of beneficial gastrointestinal commensal biofilms, beneficial commensal enzyme activities, and host cellular-protective glutathione antioxidant activity. Evaluation of LfQi6 according to the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA 2007, 2012, 2015) Guidelines and Joint FAO/WHO Expert Consultation on Evaluation of Health and Nutritional Properties of Probiotics in Food Evaluation of Probiotics in Food (FAO/WHO, 2002) demonstrates strain safety. In summary, in vitro evaluation of Lact. fermentum LfQi6 demonstrates significant evidence for strain-specific probiotic characteristics and safety. Moreover, strain-specific as well as biofilm-phenotype-specific benefits demonstrated in vitro furthermore suggest that in vivo use of LfQi6 biofilm biomass may be of greater benefit to the human host than the use of standard planktonic cultures. This concept - potentiating probiotic benefits through the use of preformed commensal biofilms - is novel and may serve to further broaden the application of microbial biofilms to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Berkes
- Quorum Innovations, LLC, 2068 Hawthorne Street, Sarasota, FL, 34239, USA.
- Florida State University College of Medicine Clerkship Faculty Sarasota Regional Campus, Sarasota, FL, USA.
| | - Yu-Hsien Liao
- Quorum Innovations, LLC, 2068 Hawthorne Street, Sarasota, FL, 34239, USA
| | - Daniel Neef
- Quorum Innovations, LLC, 2068 Hawthorne Street, Sarasota, FL, 34239, USA
| | - Michael Grandalski
- Quorum Innovations, LLC, 2068 Hawthorne Street, Sarasota, FL, 34239, USA
| | - Nicholas Monsul
- Quorum Innovations, LLC, 2068 Hawthorne Street, Sarasota, FL, 34239, USA
- Florida State University College of Medicine Clerkship Faculty Sarasota Regional Campus, Sarasota, FL, USA
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17
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Ali SA, Singh P, Tomar SK, Mohanty AK, Behare P. Proteomics fingerprints of systemic mechanisms of adaptation to bile in Lactobacillus fermentum. J Proteomics 2019; 213:103600. [PMID: 31805390 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2019.103600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Revised: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Lactobacillus fermentum is a natural resident of the human GIT and is used as a probiotic. A unique property of L. fermentum is its ability to tolerate, colonize, and survive in the harsh conditions of bile, which facilitates transient colonization of the host colon. In the current study, we investigated the key mechanisms of action involved in bacterial survival in the presence of bile, using high-resolution mass spectrometry. A total of 1071 proteins were identified, among which 378 were up-regulated and 368 down-regulated by ≥2-fold (t-test, p < .05). Differentially regulated proteins comprised both intracellular and surface-exposed (i.e., membrane) proteins (p < .01, t-test for total proteome analysis; p < .05, t-test for membrane proteome analysis). These alterations strengthen the cell envelope and also mediate bile efflux by adjusting carbohydrate metabolic pathways and prevention of protein misfolding. These processes are mainly involved in the active removal of bile salts or amelioration of its adverse effects on cells. Further investigation of mRNA transcript expression levels of selected proteins by quantitative reverse transcriptase-PCR verified the proteomic data. Together, our proteomics findings reveal the roles of post-stress recovery proteins and highlight the interacting pathways responsible for bacterial cell tolerance to bile stress. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Our intestinal tract is a nutrient-rich milieu crowded with up to 100 trillion (1014) of microbes. The fact that we are born germ-free describes that these microbes must colonize our intestinal tract from outside. However, their survival is also complicated because of hazardous conditions in the gut due to the presence of bile acid and others, which exerts a deleterious effect on the beneficial microbial load. While there was limited information available describing the comprehensive mechanism of survival? Furthermore, the imbalance of these micro floras leads to numerous disease conditions. It explains the need for enhanced understanding of host-microbe interactions in the colon. The present study majorly focuses on identifying "how microbes respond to environmental stressors" in this context, particularly bile acid response. This work addresses a fascinating cellular mechanism involved in the complex changes of bile induction in the microbial system; in this case, L. fermentum NCDC 605 a well established probiotic organism. In this article, we decipher the characteristic adaptation mechanism adjusted by probiotics in the harsh condition of 1.2% bile. The generated new knowledge will also improve the potential therapeutic efficacy of probiotics strains in clinical trials for patients of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Azmal Ali
- Proteomics and Cell Biology Lab, Animal Biotechnology Center, National Dairy Research Institute, Haryana, India.
| | - Parul Singh
- Proteomics and Cell Biology Lab, Animal Biotechnology Center, National Dairy Research Institute, Haryana, India
| | - Sudhir K Tomar
- National Collection of Dairy Cultures (NCDC) lab, Dairy Microbiology Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Haryana, India
| | - Ashok K Mohanty
- Proteomics and Cell Biology Lab, Animal Biotechnology Center, National Dairy Research Institute, Haryana, India
| | - Pradip Behare
- National Collection of Dairy Cultures (NCDC) lab, Dairy Microbiology Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Haryana, India.
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Transcriptional Regulator AcrR Increases Ethanol Tolerance through Regulation of Fatty Acid Synthesis in Lactobacillus plantarum. Appl Environ Microbiol 2019; 85:AEM.01690-19. [PMID: 31519657 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01690-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillus plantarum is a versatile bacterium with significant adaptability to harsh habitats containing excessive ethanol concentrations. It was found that the L. plantarum NF92-TetR/AcrR family regulator, AcrR, significantly enhanced the growth rate of this lactic acid bacterium in the presence of ethanol. Through screening 172 ethanol-resistant related genes by electrophoretic mobility shift and quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (RT-qPCR) assays, six genes were identified to be regulated by AcrR under ethanol stress. Among these was a gene coding for a 3-hydroxyacyl-ACP dehydratase (fabZ1) regulated by AcrR under ethanol stress. AcrR regulated fabZ1 under ethanol stress by binding to its promoter, P fabZ1 DNase I footprinting analysis indicated that there were two specific AcrR binding sites on P fabZ1 RT-PCR results showed fabZ1 could cotranscribe with its downstream 12 genes and conform a fatty acid de novo biosynthesis (fab) gene cluster under the control of P fabZ1 Both RT-qPCR of the fab gene cluster in acrR knockout and overexpression strains and fatty acid methyl ester analysis of the acrR knockout strain showed that AcrR could promote fatty acid synthesis in L. plantarum NF92. Membrane fluorescence anisotropy analysis of acrR knockout and overexpression strains showed that AcrR could increase membrane fluidity under ethanol stress. Thus, AcrR could regulate fatty acid synthesis and membrane fluidity to promote the adaption of L. plantarum NF92 to a high ethanol concentration.IMPORTANCE Ethanol tolerance is essential for L. plantarum strains living in substances with more than 9% ethanol, such as wine and beer. The details regarding how L. plantarum adapts to ethanol are still lacking. This study demonstrates that AcrR regulates the de novo synthesis of fatty acids in L. plantarum adapting to toxic levels of ethanol. We also identified the ability of the TetR/AcrR family regulator to bind to the fatty acid biosynthesis gene promoter, P fabZ1 , in L. plantarum and defined the binding sites. This finding facilitates the induction of the adaptation of L. plantarum strains to ethanol for food fermentation applications.
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Genome, transcriptome and fermentation analyses of Lactobacillus plantarum LY-78 provide new insights into the mechanism of phenyllactate biosynthesis in lactic acid bacteria. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 519:351-357. [PMID: 31514995 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Phenyllactate (PLA) is found in a variety of fermented foods and is a promising antibacterial agent, drug and plastic synthetic precursor. Previous studies have shown that PLA is a product of Phe catabolism in lactic acid bacteria (LAB), and PLA biosynthesis is mainly related to lactate dehydrogenases (LDHs). Here, the genome, transcriptome and fermentation characteristics of PLA-producing Lactobacillus plantarum LY-78 were studied. The fermentation experiments demonstrated that L. plantarum LY-78 possesses the ability to synthesize PLA de novo. Secondly, the genome and transcriptome analyses revealed candidate pathways, operons and key genes for PLA biosynthesis in the strain. Finally, genome-wide transcriptome analysis revealed significant changes in the expression profile of strain LY-78 in the absence and presence of PPA. Overall, this work demonstrates for the first time that PLA can be a by-product of Phe anabolism in LAB, provides new insights and evidence for elucidating the mechanism of PLA biosynthesis in LAB, and may provide new candidate genes and research strategies for future PLA biosynthesis applications.
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20
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Probiotic and Triticale Silage Fermentation Potential of Pediococcus pentosaceus and Lactobacillus brevis and Their Impacts on Pathogenic Bacteria. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7090318. [PMID: 31487912 PMCID: PMC6780645 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7090318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to identify potent lactic acid bacteria that could have a great impact on triticale silage fermentation at different moisture levels and determine their anti-bacterial activity and high probiotic potential. For this purpose, Pediococcus pentosaceus (TC48) and Lactobacillus brevis (TC50) were isolated from fermented triticale silage. The fermentation ability of these isolates in triticale powder was studied by an ensiling method. TC48 had higher ability to ferment silage powder by increasing the lactic acid content of silage than TC50. Extracellular supernatant (ECS) of TC48 and TC50 exhibited strong antibacterial effects (inhibition zone diameters: 18-28 mm) against tested cattle pathogenic bacteria with minimum inhibitory/ minimum bactericidal concentrations (MIC/MBC) values of 5.0-10 mg/mL and 10-20 mg/mL, respectively. Extracellular supernatant (ECS) of TC48 and TC50 showed antibacterial activities on E. coli, P. aeruoginosa, S. aureus and E. faecalis through destruction of membrane integrity as confirmed by decreased viability, and increased 260 nm absorbing material in culture filtrate of pathogenic bacteria exposed to ECS of both strains. TC48 and TC50 strains exhibited high tolerance to artificial gastric, duodenal and intestinal fluids. TC48 showed good hydrophobicity and auto-aggregations properties. TC48 and TC50 significantly co-aggregated with E. coli, P. aeruoginosa, S. aureus and E. faecalis in a time-dependent manner. In summary, all of the bacteria had a positive impact on at least one functional property of the silage during the fermentation process. However, the addition of P. pentosaceus (TC48) and L. brevis (TC50) yielded the greatest silage quality improvement, having high antibacterial and probiotic properties.
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21
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Parlindungan E, May BK, Jones OAH. Metabolic Insights Into the Effects of Nutrient Stress on Lactobacillus plantarum B21. Front Mol Biosci 2019; 6:75. [PMID: 31544106 PMCID: PMC6730488 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2019.00075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillus plantarum B21 is a strain of lactic acid bacteria first isolated from a fermented meat product from Vietnam. It is also a promising biopreservative with potential use in the food industry as it is a source of a novel bacteriocin (Plantacyclin B21AG) which has inhibitory effects against a wide range of species, including several pathogenic and spoilage strains. Nutrient stress is known to increase the survivability, storage stability, and bacteriocin production capability of L. plantarum B21 during industrial processing. It is however, unknown what the underlying biochemical responses that control these abilities are. This study therefore investigates the metabolite profiles of L. plantarum B21 using NMR spectroscopy and GC-MS to further understand the biochemical responses of this strain to various stress events. Unstressed cells were found to use glucose as their primary energy source with high concentrations of metabolites involved in glycolysis and organic acid synthesis, such as lactic acid, acetic acid, propanoic acid, malic acid, and 2-butenedioic acid being present in these cells. In contrast, large numbers of metabolites involved in amino acid metabolism including alanine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, valine, proline, and norleucine were upregulated in glucose stressed cells, indicating that they were using amino acids as their main source of energy. Differences in levels of fatty acids, particularly octadecenoic acid, tetracosanoic acid, and 7-hexadecenoic acid were also observed between stressed and unstressed cells. The results from this study provide insight on the biochemical response of this bacterial strain to stresses commonly found during industrial processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvina Parlindungan
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Bee K. May
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Oliver A. H. Jones
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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22
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Guthrie L, Wolfson S, Kelly L. The human gut chemical landscape predicts microbe-mediated biotransformation of foods and drugs. eLife 2019; 8:42866. [PMID: 31184303 PMCID: PMC6559788 DOI: 10.7554/elife.42866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbes are nature's chemists, capable of producing and metabolizing a diverse array of compounds. In the human gut, microbial biochemistry can be beneficial, for example vitamin production and complex carbohydrate breakdown; or detrimental, such as the reactivation of an inactive drug metabolite leading to patient toxicity. Identifying clinically relevant microbiome metabolism requires linking microbial biochemistry and ecology with patient outcomes. Here we present MicrobeFDT, a resource which clusters chemically similar drug and food compounds and links these compounds to microbial enzymes and known toxicities. We demonstrate that compound structural similarity can serve as a proxy for toxicity, enzyme sharing, and coarse-grained functional similarity. MicrobeFDT allows users to flexibly interrogate microbial metabolism, compounds of interest, and toxicity profiles to generate novel hypotheses of microbe-diet-drug-phenotype interactions that influence patient outcomes. We validate one such hypothesis experimentally, using MicrobeFDT to reveal unrecognized gut microbiome metabolism of the ovarian cancer drug altretamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah Guthrie
- Department of Systems and Computational Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, United States
| | - Sarah Wolfson
- Department of Systems and Computational Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, United States
| | - Libusha Kelly
- Department of Systems and Computational Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, United States
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23
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Gaucher F, Bonnassie S, Rabah H, Marchand P, Blanc P, Jeantet R, Jan G. Review: Adaptation of Beneficial Propionibacteria, Lactobacilli, and Bifidobacteria Improves Tolerance Toward Technological and Digestive Stresses. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:841. [PMID: 31068918 PMCID: PMC6491719 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This review deals with beneficial bacteria, with a focus on lactobacilli, propionibacteria, and bifidobacteria. As being recognized as beneficial bacteria, they are consumed as probiotics in various food products. Some may also be used as starters in food fermentation. In either case, these bacteria may be exposed to various environmental stresses during industrial production steps, including drying and storage, and during the digestion process. In accordance with their adaptation to harsh environmental conditions, they possess adaptation mechanisms, which can be induced by pretreatments. Adaptive mechanisms include accumulation of compatible solutes and of energy storage compounds, which can be largely modulated by the culture conditions. They also include the regulation of energy production pathways, as well as the modulation of the cell envelop, i.e., membrane, cell wall, surface layers, and exopolysaccharides. They finally lead to the overexpression of molecular chaperones and of stress-responsive proteases. Triggering these adaptive mechanisms can improve the resistance of beneficial bacteria toward technological and digestive stresses. This opens new perspectives for the improvement of industrial processes efficiency with regard to the survival of beneficial bacteria. However, this bibliographical survey evidenced that adaptive responses are strain-dependent, so that growth and adaptation should be optimized case-by-case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floriane Gaucher
- STLO, Agrocampus Ouest, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Paris, France
- Bioprox, Levallois-Perret, France
| | - Sylvie Bonnassie
- STLO, Agrocampus Ouest, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Paris, France
- Science de la Vie et de la Terre, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France
| | - Houem Rabah
- STLO, Agrocampus Ouest, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Paris, France
- Pôle Agronomique Ouest, Bba, Rennes, France
| | | | | | - Romain Jeantet
- STLO, Agrocampus Ouest, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Paris, France
| | - Gwénaël Jan
- STLO, Agrocampus Ouest, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Paris, France
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24
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Fiocco D, Longo A, Arena MP, Russo P, Spano G, Capozzi V. How probiotics face food stress: They get by with a little help. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:1552-1580. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2019.1580673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Fiocco
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Angela Longo
- Department of Agriculture Food and Environment Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Mattia Pia Arena
- Department of Agriculture Food and Environment Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Pasquale Russo
- Department of Agriculture Food and Environment Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Spano
- Department of Agriculture Food and Environment Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Vittorio Capozzi
- Department of Agriculture Food and Environment Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
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25
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Martínez-Fernández JA, Bravo D, Peirotén Á, Arqués JL, Landete JM. Bile-induced promoters for gene expression in Lactobacillus strains. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:3819-3827. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-09743-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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26
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Palud A, Scornec H, Cavin JF, Licandro H. New Genes Involved in Mild Stress Response Identified by Transposon Mutagenesis in Lactobacillus paracasei. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:535. [PMID: 29662477 PMCID: PMC5890138 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are associated with various plant, animal, and human niches and are also present in many fermented foods and beverages. Thus, they are subjected to several stress conditions and have developed advanced response mechanisms to resist, adapt, and grow. This work aimed to identify the genes involved in some stress adaptation mechanisms in LAB. For this purpose, global reverse genetics was applied by screening a library of 1287 Lactobacillus paracasei transposon mutants for mild monofactorial stresses. This library was submitted independently to heat (52°C, 30 min), ethanol (170 g.L−1, 30 min), salt (NaCl 0.8 M, 24 h), acid (pH 4.5, 24 h), and oxidative (2 mM H2O2, 24 h) perturbations which trigger mild monofactorial stresses compatible with bacterial adaptation. Stress sensitivity of mutants was determined either by evaluating viability using propidium iodide (PI) staining, or by following growth inhibition through turbidity measurement. The screening for heat and ethanol stresses lead respectively to the identification of 63 and 27 genes/putative promoters whose disruption lead to an increased sensitivity. Among them, 14 genes or putative promoters were common for both stresses. For salt, acid and oxidative stresses, respectively 8, 6, and 9 genes or putative promoters were identified as essential for adaptation to these unfavorable conditions, with only three genes common to at least two stresses. Then, RT-qPCR was performed on selected stress response genes identified by mutant screenings in order to evaluate if their expression was modified in response to stresses in the parental strain. Eleven genes (membrane, transposase, chaperone, nucleotide and carbohydrate metabolism, and hypothetical protein genes) were upregulated during stress adaptation for at least two stresses. Seven genes, encoding membrane functions, were upregulated in response to a specific stress and thus could represent potential transcriptomic biomarkers. The results highlights that most of the genes identified by global reverse genetics are specifically required in response to one stress and that they are not differentially transcribed during stress in the parental strain. Most of these genes have not been characterized as stress response genes and provide new insights into the adaptation of lactic acid bacteria to their environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurore Palud
- Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, AgroSup Dijon, PAM UMR A 02.102, Dijon, France
| | - Hélène Scornec
- Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, AgroSup Dijon, PAM UMR A 02.102, Dijon, France
| | - Jean-François Cavin
- Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, AgroSup Dijon, PAM UMR A 02.102, Dijon, France
| | - Hélène Licandro
- Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, AgroSup Dijon, PAM UMR A 02.102, Dijon, France
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27
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Guariglia-Oropeza V, Orsi RH, Guldimann C, Wiedmann M, Boor KJ. The Listeria monocytogenes Bile Stimulon under Acidic Conditions Is Characterized by Strain-Specific Patterns and the Upregulation of Motility, Cell Wall Modification Functions, and the PrfA Regulon. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:120. [PMID: 29467736 PMCID: PMC5808219 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes uses a variety of transcriptional regulation strategies to adapt to the extra-host environment, the gastrointestinal tract, and the intracellular host environment. While the alternative sigma factor SigB has been proposed to be a key transcriptional regulator that facilitates L. monocytogenes adaptation to the gastrointestinal environment, the L. monocytogenes' transcriptional response to bile exposure is not well-understood. RNA-seq characterization of the bile stimulon was performed in two L. monocytogenes strains representing lineages I and II. Exposure to bile at pH 5.5 elicited a large transcriptomic response with ~16 and 23% of genes showing differential transcription in 10403S and H7858, respectively. The bile stimulon includes genes involved in motility and cell wall modification mechanisms, as well as genes in the PrfA regulon, which likely facilitate survival during the gastrointestinal stages of infection that follow bile exposure. The fact that bile exposure induced the PrfA regulon, but did not induce further upregulation of the SigB regulon (beyond that expected by exposure to pH 5.5), suggests a model where at the earlier stages of gastrointestinal infection (e.g., acid exposure in the stomach), SigB-dependent gene expression plays an important role. Subsequent exposure to bile induces the PrfA regulon, potentially priming L. monocytogenes for subsequent intracellular infection stages. Some members of the bile stimulon showed lineage- or strain-specific distribution when 27 Listeria genomes were analyzed. Even though sigB null mutants showed increased sensitivity to bile, the SigB regulon was not found to be upregulated in response to bile beyond levels expected by exposure to pH 5.5. Comparison of wildtype and corresponding ΔsigB strains newly identified 26 SigB-dependent genes, all with upstream putative SigB-dependent promoters.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Renato H Orsi
- Food Safety Laboratory, Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Claudia Guldimann
- Food Safety Laboratory, Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Martin Wiedmann
- Food Safety Laboratory, Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Kathryn J Boor
- Food Safety Laboratory, Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
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van der Meulen SB, de Jong A, Kok J. Early Transcriptome Response of Lactococcus lactis to Environmental Stresses Reveals Differentially Expressed Small Regulatory RNAs and tRNAs. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1704. [PMID: 28959239 PMCID: PMC5603721 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteria can deploy various mechanisms to combat environmental stresses. Many genes have previously been identified in Lactococcus lactis that are involved in sensing the stressors and those that are involved in regulating and mounting a defense against the stressful conditions. However, the expression of small regulatory RNAs (sRNAs) during industrially relevant stress conditions has not been assessed yet in L. lactis, while sRNAs have been shown to be involved in many stress responses in other bacteria. We have previously reported the presence of hundreds of putative regulatory RNAs in L. lactis, and have used high-throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) in this study to assess their expression under six different stress conditions. The uniformly designed experimental set-up enabled a highly reliable comparison between the different stress responses and revealed that many sRNAs are differentially expressed under the conditions applied. The primary stress responses of L. lactis NCDO712 was benchmarked to earlier work and, for the first time, the differential expression was assessed of transfer RNAs (tRNAs) and the genes from the six recently sequenced plasmids of NCDO712. Although, we only applied stresses for 5 min, the majority of the well-known specific stress-induced genes are already differentially expressed. We find that most tRNAs decrease after all stresses applied, except for a small number, which are increased upon cold stress. Starvation was shown to induce the highest differential response, both in terms of number and expression level of genes. Our data pinpoints many novel stress-related uncharacterized genes and sRNAs, which calls for further assessment of their molecular and cellular function. These insights furthermore could impact the way parameters are designed for bacterial culture production and milk fermentation, as we find that very short stress conditions already greatly alter gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sjoerd B van der Meulen
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of GroningenGroningen, Netherlands.,Top Institute Food and NutritionWageningen, Netherlands
| | - Anne de Jong
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of GroningenGroningen, Netherlands.,Top Institute Food and NutritionWageningen, Netherlands
| | - Jan Kok
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of GroningenGroningen, Netherlands.,Top Institute Food and NutritionWageningen, Netherlands
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29
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Label-free quantitative proteomic analysis of Lactobacillus fermentum NCDC 400 during bile salt exposure. J Proteomics 2017; 167:36-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2017.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Arena MP, Capozzi V, Spano G, Fiocco D. The potential of lactic acid bacteria to colonize biotic and abiotic surfaces and the investigation of their interactions and mechanisms. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 101:2641-2657. [PMID: 28213732 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8182-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are a heterogeneous group of Gram-positive bacteria that comprise several species which have evolved in close association with humans (food and lifestyle). While their use to ferment food dates back to very ancient times, in the last decades, LAB have attracted much attention for their documented beneficial properties and for potential biomedical applications. Some LAB are commensal that colonize, stably or transiently, host mucosal surfaces, inlcuding the gut, where they may contribute to host health. In this review, we present and discuss the main factors enabling LAB adaptation to such lifestyle, including the gene reprogramming accompanying gut colonization, the specific bacterial components involved in adhesion and interaction with host, and how the gut niche has shaped the genome of intestine-adapted species. Moreover, the capacity of LAB to colonize abiotic surfaces by forming structured communities, i.e., biofilms, is briefly discussed, taking into account the main bacterial and environmental factors involved, particularly in relation to food-related environments. The vast spread of LAB surface-associated communities and the ability to control their occurrence hold great potentials for human health and food safety biotechnologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Pia Arena
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment Sciences, University of Foggia, via Napoli 25, 71122, Foggia, Italy
| | - Vittorio Capozzi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment Sciences, University of Foggia, via Napoli 25, 71122, Foggia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Spano
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment Sciences, University of Foggia, via Napoli 25, 71122, Foggia, Italy.
| | - Daniela Fiocco
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Viale Pinto 1, 71122, Foggia, Italy
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Chen ZY, Hsieh YM, Huang CC, Tsai CC. Inhibitory Effects of Probiotic Lactobacillus on the Growth of Human Colonic Carcinoma Cell Line HT-29. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22010107. [PMID: 28075415 PMCID: PMC6155858 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22010107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the inhibitory effect of Lactobacillus cells and supernatants on the growth of the human colon cancer cell line HT-29. Our study results indicated that the PM153 strain exhibits the best adhesion ability and the highest survival in the gastrointestinal tract simulation experiment. Furthermore, after an 8-h co-culture of PM153 and HT-29 cells, the PM153 strain can induce the secretion of nitric oxide from the HT-29 cells. In addition, after the co-culture of the BCRC17010 strain (10⁸ cfu/mL) and HT-29 cells, the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio in the HT-29 cells was 1.19, which showed a significant difference from the other control and LAB groups (p < 0.05), which therefore led to the inference that the BCRC17010 strain exerts a pro-apoptotic effect on the HT-29 cells. Upon co-culture with HT-29 cells for 4, 8 and 12 h, the BCRC14625 strain (10⁸ cfu/mL) demonstrated a significant increase in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity (p < 0.05), causing harm to the HT-29 cell membrane; further, after an 8-h co-culture with the HT-29 cells, it induced the secretion of nitric oxide (NO) from the HT-29 cells. Some lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains have ability to inhibit the growth of the colorectal cancer cell line HT-29 Bax/Bcl-2 pathway or NO production. In summary, we demonstrated that the BCRC17010 strain, good abilities of adhesion and increased LDH release, was the best probiotic potential for inhibition of HT-29 growth amongst the seven LAB strains tested in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhung-Yuan Chen
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Providence University, Taichung City 43301, Taiwan.
| | - You-Miin Hsieh
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Providence University, Taichung City 43301, Taiwan.
| | - Chun-Chih Huang
- New Bellus Enterprises Co., Ltd. No. 48, Industrial Rd., Erh Chen Vil., Kuan Tien Dist., Tainan City 72042, Taiwan.
| | - Cheng-Chih Tsai
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Hungkuang University, Taichung City 43302, Taiwan.
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Li P, Li X, Gu Q, Lou XY, Zhang XM, Song DF, Zhang C. Comparative genomic analysis of Lactobacillus plantarum ZJ316 reveals its genetic adaptation and potential probiotic profiles. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2016; 17:569-79. [DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1600176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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van den Nieuwboer M, van Hemert S, Claassen E, de Vos WM. Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1 and its host interaction: a dozen years after the genome. Microb Biotechnol 2016; 9:452-65. [PMID: 27231133 PMCID: PMC4919987 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.12368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1 is one of the best studied Lactobacilli, notably as its genome was unravelled over 12 years ago. L. plantarum WCFS1 can be grown to high densities, is amenable to genetic transformation and highly robust with a relatively high survival rate during the gastrointestinal passage. In this review, we present and discuss the main insights provided by the functional genomics research on L. plantarum WCFS1 with specific attention for the molecular mechanisms related to its interaction with the human host and its potential to modify the immune system, and induce other health-related benefits. Whereas most insight has been gained in mouse and other model studies, only five human studies have been reported with L. plantarum WCFS1. Hence NCIMB 8826 (the parental strain of L. plantarum WCFS1) in human trials as to capitalize on the wealth of knowledge that is summarized here.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eric Claassen
- Athena Institute, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Willem M de Vos
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Bacteriology & Immunology and Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Zeng Z, Luo J, Zuo F, Zhang Y, Ma H, Chen S. Screening for potential novel probiotic Lactobacillus strains based on high dipeptidyl peptidase IV and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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36
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Wang HK, Ng YK, Koh E, Yao L, Chien AS, Lin HX, Lee YK. RNA-Seq reveals transcriptomic interactions of Bacillus subtilis natto and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis in whole soybean solid-state co-fermentation. Food Microbiol 2015; 51:25-32. [PMID: 26187824 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2015.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Bifidobacteria are anaerobes and are difficult to culture in conventional fermentation system. It was observed that Bacillus subtilis natto enhanced growth of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis v9 by about 3-fold in a whole soybean solid-state co-fermentation, in a non-anaerobic condition. For the purpose of understanding the metabolic interactions between Bif. animalis subsp. lactis v9 and Ba. subtilis natto, the transcriptome of Bif. animalis subsp. lactis v9 and Ba. subtilis natto was analyzed in single and mixed cultures using RNA-Seq. Compared with the single culture, 459 genes of Bif. animalis subsp. lactis v9 were up regulated and 21 were down regulated in the mixed culture with Ba. subtilis natto, with more than 2-fold difference. Predictive metagenomic analyses suggested that Ba. subtilis natto up regulated transport functions, complex carbohydrates and amino acid metabolism, DNA repair, oxydative stress-related functions, and cell growth of Bif. animalis subsp. lactis v9. In the mixed culture with Bif. animalis subsp. lactis v9, only 3 transcripts of Ba. subtilis natto were over-expressed and 3115 were under-expressed with more than 2-fold difference. The highest down-regulated genes were those involved in carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism. The data presented here demonstrated a parasitic-like interaction regulated at the transcription level, between Ba. subtilis natto and Bif. animalis subsp. lactis in the mixed culture. The over-expression of genes involved in substrate uptake and metabolism in Bif. animalis subsp. lactis in the mixed culture nevertheless, led to its higher cell concentration in the nutrient rich whole soybean medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Kuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Kai Ng
- Department of Microbiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eileen Koh
- Department of Microbiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lina Yao
- Department of Microbiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ang Sze Chien
- Department of Microbiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hui Xin Lin
- Department of Microbiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yuan Kun Lee
- Department of Microbiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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37
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Muganga L, Liu X, Tian F, Zhao J, Zhang H, Chen W. Screening for lactic acid bacteria based on antihyperglycaemic and probiotic potential and application in synbiotic set yoghurt. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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38
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Genes Associated with Desiccation and Osmotic Stress in Listeria monocytogenes as Revealed by Insertional Mutagenesis. Appl Environ Microbiol 2015; 81:5350-62. [PMID: 26025900 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01134-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen whose survival in food processing environments may be associated with its tolerance to desiccation. To probe the molecular mechanisms used by this bacterium to adapt to desiccation stress, a transposon library of 11,700 L. monocytogenes mutants was screened, using a microplate assay, for strains displaying increased or decreased desiccation survival (43% relative humidity, 15°C) in tryptic soy broth (TSB). The desiccation phenotypes of selected mutants were subsequently assessed on food-grade stainless steel (SS) coupons in TSB plus 1% glucose (TSB-glu). Single transposon insertions in mutants exhibiting a change in desiccation survival of >0.5 log CFU/cm(2) relative to that of the wild type were determined by sequencing arbitrary PCR products. Strain morphology, motility, and osmotic stress survival (in TSB-glu plus 20% NaCl) were also analyzed. The initial screen selected 129 desiccation-sensitive (DS) and 61 desiccation-tolerant (DT) mutants, out of which secondary screening on SS confirmed 15 DT and 15 DS mutants. Among the DT mutants, seven immotile and flagellum-less strains contained transposons in genes involved in flagellum biosynthesis (fliP, flhB, flgD, flgL) and motor control (motB, fliM, fliY), while others harbored transposons in genes involved in membrane lipid biosynthesis, energy production, potassium uptake, and virulence. The genes that were interrupted in the 15 DS mutants included those involved in energy production, membrane transport, protein metabolism, lipid biosynthesis, oxidative damage control, and putative virulence. Five DT and 14 DS mutants also demonstrated similar significantly (P < 0.05) different survival relative to that of the wild type when exposed to osmotic stress, demonstrating that some genes likely have similar roles in allowing the organism to survive the two water stresses.
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39
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Galloway-Peña JR, Liang X, Singh KV, Yadav P, Chang C, La Rosa SL, Shelburne S, Ton-That H, Höök M, Murray BE. The identification and functional characterization of WxL proteins from Enterococcus faecium reveal surface proteins involved in extracellular matrix interactions. J Bacteriol 2015; 197:882-92. [PMID: 25512313 PMCID: PMC4325096 DOI: 10.1128/jb.02288-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The WxL domain recently has been identified as a novel cell wall binding domain found in numerous predicted proteins within multiple Gram-positive bacterial species. However, little is known about the function of proteins containing this novel domain. Here, we identify and characterize 6 Enterococcus faecium proteins containing the WxL domain which, by reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) and genomic analyses, are located in three similarly organized operons, deemed WxL loci A, B, and C. Western blotting, electron microscopy, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) determined that genes of WxL loci A and C encode antigenic, cell surface proteins exposed at higher levels in clinical isolates than in commensal isolates. Secondary structural analyses of locus A recombinant WxL domain-containing proteins found they are rich in β-sheet structure and disordered segments. Using Biacore analyses, we discovered that recombinant WxL proteins from locus A bind human extracellular matrix proteins, specifically type I collagen and fibronectin. Proteins encoded by locus A also were found to bind to each other, suggesting a novel cell surface complex. Furthermore, bile salt survival assays and animal models using a mutant from which all three WxL loci were deleted revealed the involvement of WxL operons in bile salt stress and endocarditis pathogenesis. In summary, these studies extend our understanding of proteins containing the WxL domain and their potential impact on colonization and virulence in E. faecium and possibly other Gram-positive bacterial species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica R Galloway-Peña
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA Center for the Study of Emerging and Re-emerging Pathogens, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Xiaowen Liang
- Center for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, Institute for Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kavindra V Singh
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA Center for the Study of Emerging and Re-emerging Pathogens, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Puja Yadav
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA Center for the Study of Emerging and Re-emerging Pathogens, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Chungyu Chang
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sabina Leanti La Rosa
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Laboratory of Microbial Gene Technology and Food Microbiology, The Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Aas, Norway
| | - Samuel Shelburne
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control and Employee Health, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Hung Ton-That
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Magnus Höök
- Center for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, Institute for Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Barbara E Murray
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA Center for the Study of Emerging and Re-emerging Pathogens, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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40
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Effect of Lactobacillus plantarum Strain K21 on High-Fat Diet-Fed Obese Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:391767. [PMID: 25802537 PMCID: PMC4353445 DOI: 10.1155/2015/391767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Revised: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated beneficial effects of specific probiotics on alleviating obesity-related disorders. Here we aimed to identify probiotics with potential antiobesity activity among 88 lactic acid bacterial strains via in vitro screening assays, and a Lactobacillus plantarum strain K21 was found to harbor abilities required for hydrolyzing bile salt, reducing cholesterol, and inhibiting the accumulation of lipid in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Furthermore, effects of K21 on diet-induced obese (DIO) mice were examined. Male C57Bl/6J mice received a normal diet, high-fat diet (HFD), or HFD with K21 administration (109 CFU in 0.2 mL PBS/day) for eight weeks. Supplementation of K21, but not placebo, appeared to alleviate body weight gain and epididymal fat mass accumulation, reduce plasma leptin levels, decrease cholesterol and triglyceride levels, and mitigate liver damage in DIO mice. Moreover, the hepatic expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) related to adipogenesis was significantly downregulated in DIO mice by K21 intervention. We also found that K21 supplementation strengthens intestinal permeability and modulates the amount of Lactobacillus spp., Bifidobacterium spp., and Clostridium perfringens in the cecal contents of DIO mice. In conclusion, our results suggest that dietary intake of K21 protects against the onset of HFD-induced obesity through multiple mechanisms of action.
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41
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Cai JS, Chen JH. The mechanism of enterohepatic circulation in the formation of gallstone disease. J Membr Biol 2014; 247:1067-82. [PMID: 25107305 PMCID: PMC4207937 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-014-9715-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Bile acids entering into enterohepatic circulating are primary acids synthesized from cholesterol in hepatocyte. They are secreted actively across canalicular membrane and carried in bile to gallbladder, where they are concentrated during digestion. About 95 % BAs are actively taken up from the lumen of terminal ileum efficiently, leaving only approximately 5 % (or approximately 0.5 g/d) in colon, and a fraction of bile acids are passively reabsorbed after a series of modifications in the human large intestine including deconjugation and oxidation of hydroxy groups. Bile salts hydrolysis and hydroxy group dehydrogenation reactions are performed by a broad spectrum of intestinal anaerobic bacteria. Next, hepatocyte reabsorbs bile acids from sinusoidal blood, which are carried to liver through portal vein via a series of transporters. Bile acids (BAs) transporters are critical for maintenance of the enterohepatic BAs circulation, where BAs exert their multiple physiological functions including stimulation of bile flow, intestinal absorption of lipophilic nutrients, solubilization, and excretion of cholesterol. Tight regulation of BA transporters via nuclear receptors (NRs) is necessary to maintain proper BA homeostasis. In conclusion, disturbances of enterohepatic circulation may account for pathogenesis of gallstones diseases, including BAs transporters and their regulatory NRs and the metabolism of intestinal bacterias, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Shan Cai
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China,
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42
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An H, Douillard FP, Wang G, Zhai Z, Yang J, Song S, Cui J, Ren F, Luo Y, Zhang B, Hao Y. Integrated transcriptomic and proteomic analysis of the bile stress response in a centenarian-originated probiotic Bifidobacterium longum BBMN68. Mol Cell Proteomics 2014; 13:2558-72. [PMID: 24965555 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m114.039156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Bifidobacteria are natural inhabitants of the human gastrointestinal tract and well known for their health-promoting effects. Tolerance to bile stress is crucial for bifidobacteria to survive in the colon and to exert their beneficial actions. In this work, RNA-Seq transcriptomic analysis complemented with proteomic analysis was used to investigate the cellular response to bile in Bifidobacterium longum BBMN68. The transcript levels of 236 genes were significantly changed (≥ threefold, p < 0.001) and 44 proteins were differentially abundant (≥1.6-fold, p < 0.01) in B. longum BBMN68 when exposed to 0.75 g l(-1) ox-bile. The hemolysin-like protein and bile efflux systems were significantly over produced, which might prevent bile adsorption and exclude bile, respectively. The cell membrane composition was modified probably by an increase of cyclopropane fatty acid and a decrease of transmembrane proteins, resulting in a cell membrane more impermeable to bile salts. Our hypothesis was later confirmed by surface hydrophobicity assay. The transcription of genes related to xylose utilization and bifid shunt were up-regulated, which increased the production of ATP and reducing equivalents to cope with bile-induced damages in a xylan-rich colon environment. Bile salts signal the B. longum BBMN68 to gut entrance and enhance the expression of esterase and sortase associated with adhesion and colonization in intestinal tract, which was supported by a fivefold increased adhesion ability to HT-29 cells by BBMN68 upon bile exposure. Notably, bacterial one-hybrid and EMSA assay revealed that the two-component system senX3-regX3 controlled the expression of pstS in bifidobacteria and the role of this target gene in bile resistance was further verified by heterologous expression in Lactococcus lactis. Taken altogether, this study established a model for global response mechanisms in B. longum to bile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran An
- From the ‡Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Municipality, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - François P Douillard
- §Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Guohong Wang
- From the ‡Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Municipality, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhengyuan Zhai
- From the ‡Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Municipality, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jin Yang
- ¶Core Genomic Facility, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Shuhui Song
- ¶Core Genomic Facility, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jianyun Cui
- From the ‡Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Municipality, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Fazheng Ren
- From the ‡Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Municipality, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yunbo Luo
- From the ‡Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Municipality, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- ¶Core Genomic Facility, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yanling Hao
- From the ‡Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Municipality, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China;
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Impact of genomics on the field of probiotic research: historical perspectives to modern paradigms. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2014; 106:141-56. [PMID: 24748373 PMCID: PMC4064118 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-014-0171-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
For thousands of years, humans have safely consumed microorganisms through fermented foods. Many of these bacteria are considered probiotics, which act through diverse mechanisms to confer a health benefit to the host. However, it was not until the availability of whole-genome sequencing and the era of genomics that mechanisms of probiotic efficacy could be discovered. In this review, we explore the history of the probiotic concept and the current standard of integrated genomic techniques to discern the complex, beneficial relationships between probiotic microbes and their hosts.
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Paul S, Alegre KO, Holdsworth SR, Rice M, Brown JA, McVeigh P, Kelly SM, Law CJ. A single-component multidrug transporter of the major facilitator superfamily is part of a network that protects Escherichia coli from bile salt stress. Mol Microbiol 2014; 92:872-84. [PMID: 24684269 PMCID: PMC4235344 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.12597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Resistance to high concentrations of bile salts in the human intestinal tract is vital for the survival of enteric bacteria such as Escherichia coli. Although the tripartite AcrAB-TolC efflux system plays a significant role in this resistance, it is purported that other efflux pumps must also be involved. We provide evidence from a comprehensive suite of experiments performed at two different pH values (7.2 and 6.0) that reflect pH conditions that E. coli may encounter in human gut that MdtM, a single-component multidrug resistance transporter of the major facilitator superfamily, functions in bile salt resistance in E. coli by catalysing secondary active transport of bile salts out of the cell cytoplasm. Furthermore, assays performed on a chromosomal ΔacrB mutant transformed with multicopy plasmid encoding MdtM suggested a functional synergism between the single-component MdtM transporter and the tripartite AcrAB-TolC system that results in a multiplicative effect on resistance. Substrate binding experiments performed on purified MdtM demonstrated that the transporter binds to cholate and deoxycholate with micromolar affinity, and transport assays performed on inverted vesicles confirmed the capacity of MdtM to catalyse electrogenic bile salt/H(+) antiport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Paul
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Medical Biology Centre, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
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Bang M, Oh S, Lim KS, Kim Y, Oh S. The involvement of ATPase activity in the acid tolerance ofLactobacillus rhamnosusstrain GG. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0307.12123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miseon Bang
- Division of Animal Science; Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology; Chonnam National University; Gwangju 500-757 Korea
| | - Sangnam Oh
- BK21 Plus Graduate Program; Department of Animal Science and Institute of Rare Earth for Biological Application; Chonbuk National University; Jeonju 561-756 Korea
| | - Kwang-Sei Lim
- R & D Ctr.; Maeil Dairy Co. Ltd; Pyeongtaek 451-861 Korea
| | - Younghoon Kim
- BK21 Plus Graduate Program; Department of Animal Science and Institute of Rare Earth for Biological Application; Chonbuk National University; Jeonju 561-756 Korea
| | - Sejong Oh
- Division of Animal Science; Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology; Chonnam National University; Gwangju 500-757 Korea
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Vastano V, Salzillo M, Siciliano RA, Muscariello L, Sacco M, Marasco R. The E1 beta-subunit of pyruvate dehydrogenase is surface-expressed in Lactobacillus plantarum and binds fibronectin. Microbiol Res 2014; 169:121-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2013.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Revised: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Ruiz L, Margolles A, Sánchez B. Bile resistance mechanisms in Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. Front Microbiol 2013; 4:396. [PMID: 24399996 PMCID: PMC3872040 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2013.00396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 279] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics are live microorganisms which when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host. Most of the probiotic bacteria currently available in the market belong to the genera Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, and specific health-promoting activities, such as treatment of diarrhea or amelioration of gastrointestinal discomfort, have been attributed to them. In order to be able to survive the gastrointestinal transit and transiently colonize our gut, these bacteria must be able to counteract the deleterious action of bile salts, which are the main components of bile. Bile salts are detergent-like biological substances synthesized in the liver from cholesterol. Host enzymes conjugate the newly synthesized free bile acids in the liver with the amino acids glycine or taurine, generating conjugated bile salts. These compounds are stored in the gall bladder and they are released into the duodenum during digestion to perform their physiological function, which is the solubilization of fat coming from diet. These bile salts possess strong antimicrobial activity, since they are able to disorganize the structure of the cell membrane, as well as trigger DNA damage. This means that bacteria inhabiting our intestinal tract must have intrinsic resistance mechanisms to cope with bile salts. To do that, Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium display a variety of proteins devoted to the efflux of bile salts or protons, to modify sugar metabolism or to prevent protein misfolding. In this manuscript, we review and discuss specific bile resistance mechanisms, as well as the processes responsible for the adaptation of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli to bile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Ruiz
- Laboratory of Probiotics and Prebiotics, Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Asturias, Spain
| | - Abelardo Margolles
- Laboratory of Probiotics and Prebiotics, Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Asturias, Spain
| | - Borja Sánchez
- Laboratory of Probiotics and Prebiotics, Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Asturias, Spain
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Van Bokhorst-van de Veen H, Bongers RS, Wels M, Bron PA, Kleerebezem M. Transcriptome signatures of class I and III stress response deregulation in Lactobacillus plantarum reveal pleiotropic adaptation. Microb Cell Fact 2013; 12:112. [PMID: 24238744 PMCID: PMC3842655 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2859-12-112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To cope with environmental challenges bacteria possess sophisticated defense mechanisms that involve stress-induced adaptive responses. The canonical stress regulators CtsR and HrcA play a central role in the adaptations to a plethora of stresses in a variety of organisms. Here, we determined the CtsR and HrcA regulons of the lactic acid bacterium Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1 grown under reference (28°C) and elevated (40°C) temperatures, using ctsR, hrcA, and ctsR-hrcA deletion mutants. Results While the maximum specific growth rates of the mutants and the parental strain were similar at both temperatures (0.33 ± 0.02 h-1 and 0.34 ± 0.03 h-1, respectively), DNA microarray analyses revealed that the CtsR or HrcA deficient strains displayed altered transcription patterns of genes encoding functions involved in transport and binding of sugars and other compounds, primary metabolism, transcription regulation, capsular polysaccharide biosynthesis, as well as fatty acid metabolism. These transcriptional signatures enabled the refinement of the gene repertoire that is directly or indirectly controlled by CtsR and HrcA of L. plantarum. Deletion of both regulators, elicited transcriptional changes of a large variety of additional genes in a temperature-dependent manner, including genes encoding functions involved in cell-envelope remodeling. Moreover, phenotypic assays revealed that both transcription regulators contribute to regulation of resistance to hydrogen peroxide stress. The integration of these results allowed the reconstruction of CtsR and HrcA regulatory networks in L. plantarum, highlighting the significant intertwinement of class I and III stress regulons. Conclusions Taken together, our results enabled the refinement of the CtsR and HrcA regulatory networks in L. plantarum, illustrating the complex nature of adaptive stress responses in this bacterium.
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Corona-Hernandez RI, Álvarez-Parrilla E, Lizardi-Mendoza J, Islas-Rubio AR, de la Rosa LA, Wall-Medrano A. Structural Stability and Viability of Microencapsulated Probiotic Bacteria: A Review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2013; 12:614-628. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rocío I. Corona-Hernandez
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas; Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas; Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez. Anillo Envolvente del PRONAF y Estocolmo s/n; Ciudad Juárez 32310; Chihuahua; México
| | - Emilio Álvarez-Parrilla
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas; Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas; Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez. Anillo Envolvente del PRONAF y Estocolmo s/n; Ciudad Juárez 32310; Chihuahua; México
| | - Jaime Lizardi-Mendoza
- Coordinación de Tecnología de Alimentos de Origen Animal; Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, AC. Carretera a la Victoria km. 0.6, AP 1735; Hermosillo 83000; Sonora; México
| | - Alma R. Islas-Rubio
- Coordinación de Tecnología de Alimentos de Origen Vegetal; Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, AC. Carretera a la Victoria km. 0.6, AP 1735; Hermosillo 83000; Sonora; México
| | - Laura. A. de la Rosa
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas; Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas; Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez. Anillo Envolvente del PRONAF y Estocolmo s/n; Ciudad Juárez 32310; Chihuahua; México
| | - Abraham Wall-Medrano
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas; Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas; Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez. Anillo Envolvente del PRONAF y Estocolmo s/n; Ciudad Juárez 32310; Chihuahua; México
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Effect of bile on nisin-mediated antibacterial activity and the expression of nisin genes of Lactococcus lactis W8. Curr Microbiol 2013; 67:668-73. [PMID: 23828183 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-013-0417-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The capability of Lactococcus lactis to produce nisin in the presence of bile in the intestinal environment remains an intriguing question. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of bile on production of nisin and the mRNA expression of nisin genes of L. lactis W8. The strain L. lactis W8 was grown on glucose in the absence and presence of bile (0.005-0.08 %) and the antibacterial activities of culture supernatants were determined. In culture with 0.035 % bile, the nisin activity was significantly reduced (400 AU/mL) within 5 h compared to that in the control without bile (2000 AU/mL), while growth of the cells was only slightly affected. In the presence of 0.07 % bile no nisin activity of the strain was manifested. Consistent with these results, mRNA expression of nisin-biosynthetic genes nisZ, nisRK, nisI, and nisF was down-regulated by 7.5-, 2.5-, 1.7-, and 6.0-fold, respectively in cells grown in the presence of bile (0.07 %) as compared to control culture without bile. The present study suggested that bile inhibited transcription of nisin genes. Nisin-production in intestine by orally administered L. lactis, thus, does not occur since complete inhibition of nisin-production by bile is observed at a concentration much lower than the physiological concentration (0.3 %) of bile present in the human intestine. The molecular mechanism underlying the bile-mediated inhibition of nisin genes remains to be elucidated. This is the first report on bile-mediated inhibition of nisin genes.
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