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Mabrok M, Algammal AM, Sivaramasamy E, Hetta HF, Atwah B, Alghamdi S, Fawzy A, Avendaño-Herrera R, Rodkhum C. Tenacibaculosis caused by Tenacibaculum maritimum: Updated knowledge of this marine bacterial fish pathogen. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 12:1068000. [PMID: 36683696 PMCID: PMC9853564 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1068000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tenacibaculosis occurs due to the marine bacterial pathogen Tenacibaculum maritimum. This ulcerative disease causes high mortalities for various marine fish species worldwide. Several external clinical signs can arise, including mouth erosion, epidermal ulcers, fin necrosis, and tail rot. Research in the last 15 years has advanced knowledge on the traits and pathogenesis mechanisms of T. maritimum. Consequently, significant progress has been made in defining the complex host-pathogen relationship. Nevertheless, tenacibaculosis pathogenesis is not yet fully understood. Continued research is urgently needed, as demonstrated by recent reports on the re-emerging nature of tenacibaculosis in salmon farms globally. Current sanitary conditions compromise the development of effective alternatives to antibiotics, in addition to hindering potential preventive measures against tenacibaculosis. The present review compiles knowledge of T. maritimum reported after the 2006 review by Avendaño-Herrera and colleagues. Essential aspects are emphasized, including antigenic and genomic characterizations and molecular diagnostic procedures. Further summarized are the epidemiological foundations of the T. maritimum population structure and elucidations as to the virulence mechanisms of pathogenic isolates, as found using biological, microbiological, and genomic techniques. This comprehensive source of reference will undoubtable serve in tenacibaculosis prevention and control within the marine fish farming industry. Lastly, knowledge gaps and valuable research areas are indicated as potential guidance for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Mabrok
- Department of Fish Diseases and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt,Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand,Center of Excellence in Fish Infectious Diseases (CE FID), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Abdelazeem M. Algammal
- Department of Bacteriology, Mycology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Elayaraja Sivaramasamy
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand,Center of Excellence in Fish Infectious Diseases (CE FID), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Helal F. Hetta
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assuit University, Assuit, Egypt
| | - Banan Atwah
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saad Alghamdi
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aml Fawzy
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand,Directorate of Veterinary Medicine, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Ruben Avendaño-Herrera
- Laboratorio de Patología de Organismos Acuáticos y Biotecnología Acuícola, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Viña del Mar, Chile,Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Viña del Mar, Chile,Centro de Investigación Marina Quintay (CIMARQ), Universidad Andrés Bello, Quintay, Chile,*Correspondence: Channarong Rodkhum, ; Ruben Avendaño-Herrera, ;
| | - Channarong Rodkhum
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand,Center of Excellence in Fish Infectious Diseases (CE FID), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand,*Correspondence: Channarong Rodkhum, ; Ruben Avendaño-Herrera, ;
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Nowlan JP, Lumsden JS, Russell S. Advancements in Characterizing Tenacibaculum Infections in Canada. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9121029. [PMID: 33302445 PMCID: PMC7763822 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9121029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tenacibaculum is a genus of gram negative, marine, filamentous bacteria, associated with the presence of disease (tenacibaculosis) at aquaculture sites worldwide; however, infections induced by this genus are poorly characterized. Documents regarding the genus Tenacibaculum and close relatives were compiled for a literature review, concentrating on ecology, identification, and impacts of potentially pathogenic species, with a focus on Atlantic salmon in Canada. Tenacibaculum species likely have a cosmopolitan distribution, but local distributions around aquaculture sites are unknown. Eight species of Tenacibaculum are currently believed to be related to numerous mortality events of fishes and few mortality events in bivalves. The clinical signs in fishes often include epidermal ulcers, atypical behaviors, and mortality. Clinical signs in bivalves often include gross ulcers and discoloration of tissues. The observed disease may differ based on the host, isolate, transmission route, and local environmental conditions. Species-specific identification techniques are limited; high sequence similarities using conventional genes (16S rDNA) indicate that new genes should be investigated. Annotating full genomes, next-generation sequencing, multilocus sequence analysis/typing (MLSA/MLST), matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF), and fatty acid methylesters (FAME) profiles could be further explored for identification purposes. However, each aforementioned technique has disadvantages. Since tenacibaculosis has been observed world-wide in fishes and other eukaryotes, and the disease has substantial economic impacts, continued research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph P. Nowlan
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, OT N1G 2W1, Canada;
- Center for Innovation in Fish Health, Vancouver Island University, Nanaimo, BC V9R 5S5, Canada;
- Correspondence:
| | - John S. Lumsden
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, OT N1G 2W1, Canada;
| | - Spencer Russell
- Center for Innovation in Fish Health, Vancouver Island University, Nanaimo, BC V9R 5S5, Canada;
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Alix M, Gasset E, Bardon-Albaret A, Noel J, Pirot N, Perez V, Coves D, Saulnier D, Lignot JH, Cucchi PN. Description of the unusual digestive tract of Platax orbicularis and the potential impact of Tenacibaculum maritimum infection. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9966. [PMID: 33024633 PMCID: PMC7520087 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ephippidae fish are characterized by a discoid shape with a very small visceral cavity. Among them Platax orbicularis has a high economic potential due to its flesh quality and flesh to carcass ratio. Nonetheless, the development of its aquaculture is limited by high mortality rates, especially due to Tenacibaculum maritimum infection, occurring one to three weeks after the transfer of fishes from bio-secure land-based aquaculture system to the lagoon cages for growth. Among the lines of defense against this microbial infection, the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is less studied. The knowledge about the morphofunctional anatomy of this organ in P. orbicularis is still scarce. Therefore, the aims of this study are to characterize the GIT in non-infected P. orbicularis juveniles to then investigate the impact of T. maritimum on this multifunctional organ. Methods In the first place, the morpho-anatomy of the GIT in non-infected individuals was characterized using various histological techniques. Then, infected individuals, experimentally challenged by T. maritimum were analysed and compared to the previously established GIT reference. Results The overlapped shape of the GIT of P. orbicularis is probably due to its constrained compaction in a narrow visceral cavity. Firstly, the GIT was divided into 10 sections, from the esophagus to the rectum. For each section, the structure of the walls was characterized, with a focus on mucus secretions and the presence of the Na+/K+ ATPase pump. An identification key allowing the characterization of the GIT sections using in toto histology is given. Secondly, individuals challenged with T. maritimum exhibited differences in mucus type and proportion and, modifications in the mucosal and muscle layers. These changes could induce an imbalance in the trade-off between the GIT functions which may be in favour of protection and immunity to the disadvantage of nutrition capacities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maud Alix
- MARBEC, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Montpellier, France.,Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway
| | - Eric Gasset
- MARBEC, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Agnes Bardon-Albaret
- Ifremer, UMR Ecosystèmes Insulaires Océaniens, UPF, ILM, IRD, Tahiti, French Polynesia
| | - Jean Noel
- BCM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France.,IRCM, Université de Montpellier, ICM, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Nelly Pirot
- BCM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France.,IRCM, Université de Montpellier, ICM, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Valérie Perez
- MARBEC, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Denis Coves
- MARBEC, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Denis Saulnier
- Ifremer, UMR Ecosystèmes Insulaires Océaniens, UPF, ILM, IRD, Tahiti, French Polynesia
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Vercauteren M, De Swaef E, Declercq AM, Polet H, Aerts J, Ampe B, Romalde JL, Haesebrouck F, Devriese L, Decostere A, Chiers K. Scrutinizing the triad of Vibrio tapetis, the skin barrier and pigmentation as determining factors in the development of skin ulcerations in wild common dab (Limanda limanda). Vet Res 2019; 50:41. [PMID: 31159877 PMCID: PMC6547549 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-019-0659-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, Vibrio tapetis was isolated for the first time from skin ulcerations in wild-caught common dab (Limanda limanda). To further examine its role in the development of these skin lesions, an in vivo experiment was performed. The significance of the skin barrier and in addition the difference between pigmented and non-pigmented side were investigated. Hence, the skin of common dab was treated in three different ways on both the pigmented and non-pigmented side. On a first “treatment zone”, the scales and overlying epidermal tissue were removed whereas in a second zone only the mucus was discarded. The third zone served as a non-treated zone. Thereafter, fish were challenged with V. tapetis. The control group was sham treated. Mortality, clinical signs, severity and size of the developing lesions were recorded. All animals were sacrificed and sampled 21 days post-inoculation. Significantly more fish of the group challenged with V. tapetis died compared to the control group with the highest incidence occurring 4 days post-inoculation. Fish challenged with V. tapetis developed more severe skin ulcerations. In zones where scales and epidermal tissue were removed, the ulcerations were more severe compared to zones where only mucus was eliminated. Ulcerations occurred more frequently, were more severe and larger on the pigmented side. Our data represents prove of V. tapetis as causative agent of ulcerative skin lesions although prior damage of the skin seems to be a major contributing factor. Furthermore, the pigmented side seemed predisposed to the development of skin ulcerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maaike Vercauteren
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - Evelien De Swaef
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Annelies M Declercq
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium.,Research Division, Flanders Marine Institute (VLIZ), InnovOcean Site, Wandelaarkaai 7, 8400, Ostend, Belgium
| | - Hans Polet
- Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Animal Sciences Unit-Aquatic Environment and Quality, Ankerstraat 1, 8400, Ostend, Belgium
| | - Johan Aerts
- Stress Physiology Research Group, Faculty of Sciences of Ghent University and Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Animal Sciences Unit, Green Bridge Science Park, 8400, Ostend, Belgium
| | - Bart Ampe
- Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Animal Husbandry, Scheldeweg 68, 9090, Melle, Belgium
| | - Jesus L Romalde
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, CIBUS-Faculty of Biology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida s/n, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Freddy Haesebrouck
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Lisa Devriese
- Research Division, Flanders Marine Institute (VLIZ), InnovOcean Site, Wandelaarkaai 7, 8400, Ostend, Belgium
| | - Annemie Decostere
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Koen Chiers
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
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Frisch K, Småge SB, Johansen R, Duesund H, Brevik ØJ, Nylund A. Pathology of experimentally induced mouthrot caused by Tenacibaculum maritimum in Atlantic salmon smolts. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0206951. [PMID: 30383870 PMCID: PMC6211739 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mouthrot, caused by Tenacibaculum maritimum is a significant disease of farmed Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar on the West Coast of North America. Smolts recently transferred into saltwater are the most susceptible and affected fish die with little internal or external clinical signs other than the characteristic small (usually < 5 mm) yellow plaques that are present inside the mouth. The mechanism by which these smolts die is unknown. This study investigated the microscopic pathology (histology and scanning electron microscopy) of bath infected smolts with Western Canadian T. maritimum isolates TmarCan15-1, TmarCan16-1 and TmarCan16-5 and compared the findings to what is seen in a natural outbreak of mouthrot. A real-time RT-PCR assay based on the outer membrane protein A specific for T. maritimum was designed and used to investigate the tissue tropism of the bacteria. The results from this showed that T. maritimum is detectable internally by real-time RT-PCR. This combined with the fact that the bacteria can be isolated from the kidney suggests that T. maritimum becomes systemic. The pathology in the infected smolts is primarily mouth lesions, including damaged tissues surrounding the teeth; the disease is similar to periodontal disease in mammals. The pathological changes are focal, severe, and occur very rapidly with little associated inflammation. Skin lesions are more common in experimentally infected smolts than in natural outbreaks, but this could be an artefact of the challenge dose, handling and tank used during the experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Frisch
- Cermaq Group AS, Oslo, Norway
- Fish Disease Research Group, Department of Biology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- * E-mail:
| | - Sverre Bang Småge
- Cermaq Group AS, Oslo, Norway
- Fish Disease Research Group, Department of Biology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | | | | | - Are Nylund
- Fish Disease Research Group, Department of Biology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Vercauteren M, De Swaef E, Declercq A, Bosseler L, Gulla S, Balboa S, Romalde JL, Devriese L, Polet H, Boyen F, Chiers K, Decostere A. First isolation of Vibrio tapetis and an atypical strain of Aeromonas salmonicida from skin ulcerations in common dab (Limanda limanda) in the North Sea. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2018; 41:329-335. [PMID: 29148593 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Skin ulcerations rank amongst the most prevalent lesions affecting wild common dab (Limanda limanda) with an increase in prevalence of up to 3.5% in the Belgian part of the North Sea. A complex aetiology of these ulcerations is suspected, and many questions remain on the exact factors contributing to these lesions. To construct the aetiological spectrum of skin ulcerations in flatfish, a one-day monitoring campaign was undertaken in the North Sea. Fifteen fish presented with one or more ulcerations on the pigmented and/or non-pigmented side. Pathological features revealed various stages of ulcerations with loss of epidermal and dermal tissue, inflammatory infiltrates and degeneration of the myofibers bordering the ulceration, albeit in varying degrees. Upon bacteriological examination, pure cultures of Vibrio tapetis were retrieved in high numbers from five fish and of Aeromonas salmonicida in one fish. The V. tapetis isolates showed cross-reactivity with the sera against the representative strain of serotype O2 originating form a carpet-shell clam (Ruditapes descussatus). Moreover, the A. salmonicida isolates displayed a previously undescribed vapA gene sequence (A-layer type) with possible specificity towards common dab. Further research is necessary to pinpoint the exact role of these agents in the development of skin ulcerations in common dab.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Vercauteren
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - E De Swaef
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - A Declercq
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - L Bosseler
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - S Gulla
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway
| | - S Balboa
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - J L Romalde
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - L Devriese
- Animal Sciences Unit - Aquatic Environment and Quality, Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO), Ostend, Belgium
- Department of Environment and Health, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - H Polet
- Animal Sciences Unit - Aquatic Environment and Quality, Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO), Ostend, Belgium
| | - F Boyen
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - K Chiers
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - A Decostere
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
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Mabrok M, Machado M, Serra CR, Afonso A, Valente LMP, Costas B. Tenacibaculosis induction in the Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis) and studies of Tenacibaculum maritimum survival against host mucus and plasma. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2016; 39:1445-1455. [PMID: 27134184 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Tenacibaculum maritimum, the aetiological agent for marine tenacibaculosis, is one of the most significant pathogens that threaten Senegalese sole, Solea senegalensis (Kaup), aquaculture. Because no immersion challenge with T. maritimum has been reported previously for this flatfish species, this study aimed to optimize bacterial yields as well as to establish a challenge model for tenacibaculosis induction. Several approaches were performed to optimize bacterial culture conditions, including treatment with non-ionic surfactants, detergents, cellulase hydrolysis and strong shaking. A prolonged bath challenge was performed for 24 h under two different temperatures, 16 and 23 °C. Moreover, mucus and plasma bactericidal activities against T. maritimum were also assessed. Culturing bacteria with strong shaking and continuous shaking provided suitable culture conditions to obtain higher bacterial yields without aggregation and fluctuation, contrary to most other treatments that showed a huge amount of bacterial aggregates. A prolonged bath method for 24 h, without skin or gill scarification, was considered suitable for disease induction with high mortality rates. Moreover, data regarding mucus and plasma bactericidal activities suggested that there is a lack of host innate immune response against T. maritimum or that this particular pathogen presents evading strategies against Senegalese sole.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mabrok
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigacão Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR-CIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS-UP), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Fish Diseases and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - M Machado
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigacão Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR-CIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS-UP), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - C R Serra
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigacão Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR-CIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - A Afonso
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigacão Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR-CIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS-UP), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - L M P Valente
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigacão Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR-CIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS-UP), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - B Costas
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigacão Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR-CIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS-UP), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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Faílde LD, Bermúdez R, Losada AP, Riaza A, Santos Y, Quiroga MI. Immunohistochemical diagnosis of tenacibaculosis in paraffin-embedded tissues of Senegalese sole Solea senegalensis Kaup, 1858. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2014; 37:959-968. [PMID: 24274927 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Revised: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A sensitive and specific immunohistochemical technique was developed to improve the diagnosis of tenacibaculosis and to better understand its pathogenesis. Senegalese sole Solea senegalensis Kaup, 1858 were inoculated subcutaneously with a bacterial suspension of Tenacibaculum maritimum, and samples were taken at different hours post-inoculation. Sections from different organs were used as positive controls. In addition, a total of 128 field samples from different organs collected from tenacibaculosis outbreaks were used. Tenacibaculum maritimum antigens were detected in several organs of experimentally infected Senegalese sole and in at least one of the tissues from fish suffering from natural tenacibaculosis previously confirmed by culture and PCR-based methods. In fish collected during outbreaks, a strong positive reaction was detected in ulcerative skin areas. Moreover, bacterial antigen was identified inside scale pockets and in sites of the skin with mild lesion. In kidney and spleen, evident immunostaining of bacterial antigen was detected in both naturally and experimentally infected fish. Besides, the presence of T. maritimum in the intestinal tract without associated histological changes suggests that this organ may act as a reservoir for T. maritimum. The results of this study confirm the usefulness of IHC for the diagnosis of tenacibaculosis in paraffin-embedded tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- L D Faílde
- Departamento de Ciencias Clínicas Veterinarias, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
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Faílde L, Bermúdez R, Vigliano F, Coscelli G, Quiroga M. Morphological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural characterization of the skin of turbot (Psetta maxima L.). Tissue Cell 2014; 46:334-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2014.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2014] [Revised: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Tenacibaculum maritimum infection: Pathology and immunohistochemistry in experimentally challenged turbot (Psetta maxima L.). Microb Pathog 2013; 65:82-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2013.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2013] [Revised: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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