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Legerstee K, Sueters J, Abraham TE, Slotman JA, Kremers GJ, Hoogenboom JP, Houtsmuller AB. Correlative light and electron microscopy reveals fork-shaped structures at actin entry sites of focal adhesions. Biol Open 2022; 11:283176. [PMID: 36409550 PMCID: PMC9836080 DOI: 10.1242/bio.059417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Focal adhesions (FAs) are the main cellular structures to link the intracellular cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix. FAs mediate cell adhesion, are important for cell migration and are involved in many (patho)-physiological processes. Here we examined FAs and their associated actin fibres using correlative fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). We used fluorescence images of cells expressing paxillin-GFP to define the boundaries of FA complexes in SEM images, without using SEM contrast enhancing stains. We observed that SEM contrast was increased around the actin fibre entry site in 98% of FAs, indicating increases in protein density and possibly also phosphorylation levels in this area. In nearly three quarters of the FAs, these nanostructures had a fork shape, with the actin forming the stem and the high-contrast FA areas the fork. In conclusion, the combination of fluorescent and electron microscopy allowed accurate localisation of a highly abundant, novel fork structure at the FA-actin interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Legerstee
- Erasmus Medical Centre Rotterdam, Department of Pathology, Optical Imaging Centre, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jason Sueters
- Delft University of Technology, Department of Imaging Physics, 2628 CD, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Tsion E. Abraham
- Erasmus Medical Centre Rotterdam, Department of Pathology, Optical Imaging Centre, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johan A. Slotman
- Erasmus Medical Centre Rotterdam, Department of Pathology, Optical Imaging Centre, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gert-Jan Kremers
- Erasmus Medical Centre Rotterdam, Department of Pathology, Optical Imaging Centre, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jacob P. Hoogenboom
- Delft University of Technology, Department of Imaging Physics, 2628 CD, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Adriaan B. Houtsmuller
- Erasmus Medical Centre Rotterdam, Department of Pathology, Optical Imaging Centre, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands,Author for correspondence ()
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Xu B, Magli A, Anugrah Y, Koester SJ, Perlingeiro RCR, Shen W. Nanotopography-responsive myotube alignment and orientation as a sensitive phenotypic biomarker for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. Biomaterials 2018; 183:54-66. [PMID: 30149230 PMCID: PMC6239205 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.08.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is a fatal genetic disorder currently having no cure. Here we report that culture substrates patterned with nanogrooves and functionalized with Matrigel (or laminin) present an engineered cell microenvironment to allow myotubes derived from non-diseased, less-affected DMD, and severely-affected DMD human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) to exhibit prominent differences in alignment and orientation, providing a sensitive phenotypic biomarker to potentially facilitate DMD drug development and early diagnosis. We discovered that myotubes differentiated from myogenic progenitors derived from non-diseased hiPSCs align nearly perpendicular to nanogrooves, a phenomenon not reported previously. We further found that myotubes derived from hiPSCs of a dystrophin-null DMD patient orient randomly, and those from hiPSCs of a patient carrying partially functional dystrophin align approximately 14° off the alignment direction of non-diseased myotubes. Substrates engineered with micron-scale grooves and/or cell adhesion molecules only interacting with integrins all guide parallel myotube alignment to grooves and lose the ability to distinguish different cell types. Disruption of the interaction between the Dystrophin-Associated-Protein-Complex (DAPC) and laminin by heparin or anti-α-dystroglycan antibody IIH6 disenables myotubes to align perpendicular to nanogrooves, suggesting that this phenotype is controlled by the DAPC-mediated cytoskeleton-extracellular matrix linkage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Alessandro Magli
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Yoska Anugrah
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Steven J Koester
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Institute for Engineering in Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Rita C R Perlingeiro
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Institute for Engineering in Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Wei Shen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Institute for Engineering in Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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Correlating Fluorescence and High-Resolution Scanning Electron Microscopy (HRSEM) for the study of GABA A receptor clustering induced by inhibitory synaptic plasticity. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13768. [PMID: 29061992 PMCID: PMC5653763 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14210-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Both excitatory and inhibitory synaptic contacts display activity dependent dynamic changes in their efficacy that are globally termed synaptic plasticity. Although the molecular mechanisms underlying glutamatergic synaptic plasticity have been extensively investigated and described, those responsible for inhibitory synaptic plasticity are only beginning to be unveiled. In this framework, the ultrastructural changes of the inhibitory synapses during plasticity have been poorly investigated. Here we combined confocal fluorescence microscopy (CFM) with high resolution scanning electron microscopy (HRSEM) to characterize the fine structural rearrangements of post-synaptic GABAA Receptors (GABAARs) at the nanometric scale during the induction of inhibitory long-term potentiation (iLTP). Additional electron tomography (ET) experiments on immunolabelled hippocampal neurons allowed the visualization of synaptic contacts and confirmed the reorganization of post-synaptic GABAAR clusters in response to chemical iLTP inducing protocol. Altogether, these approaches revealed that, following the induction of inhibitory synaptic potentiation, GABAAR clusters increase in size and number at the post-synaptic membrane with no other major structural changes of the pre- and post-synaptic elements.
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An accelerated buoyancy adhesion assay combined with 3-D morphometric analysis for assessing osteoblast adhesion on microgrooved substrata. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2016; 60:22-37. [PMID: 26773651 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2015.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
An accelerated negative buoyancy method has been developed to assess cell adhesion strength. This method has been used in conjunction with 3-D morphometric analysis to understand the effects of surface topology on cell response. Aligned micro-grooved surface topographies (with a range of groove depths) were produced on stainless steel 316L substrates by laser ablation. An investigation was carried out on the effect of the micro-grooved surface topography on cell adhesion strength, cell and nucleus volumes, cell phenotypic expression and attachment patterns. Increased hydrophobicity and anisotropic wettability was observed on surfaces with deeper grooves. A reduction was noted in cell volume, projected areas and adhesion sites for deeper grooves, linked to lower cell proliferation and differentiation rates and also to reduced adhesion strength. The results suggest that the centrifugation assay combined with three-dimensional cell morphometric analysis has considerable potential for obtaining improved understanding of the cell/substrate interface.
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Elosegui-Artola A, Jorge-Peñas A, Moreno-Arotzena O, Oregi A, Lasa M, García-Aznar JM, De Juan-Pardo EM, Aldabe R. Image analysis for the quantitative comparison of stress fibers and focal adhesions. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107393. [PMID: 25269086 PMCID: PMC4182299 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Actin stress fibers (SFs) detect and transmit forces to the extracellular matrix through focal adhesions (FAs), and molecules in this pathway determine cellular behavior. Here, we designed two different computational tools to quantify actin SFs and the distribution of actin cytoskeletal proteins within a normalized cellular morphology. Moreover, a systematic cell response comparison between the control cells and those with impaired actin cytoskeleton polymerization was performed to demonstrate the reliability of the tools. Indeed, a variety of proteins that were present within the string beginning at the focal adhesions (vinculin) up to the actin SFs contraction (non-muscle myosin II (NMMII)) were analyzed. Finally, the software used allows for the quantification of the SFs based on the relative positions of FAs. Therefore, it provides a better insight into the cell mechanics and broadens the knowledge of the nature of SFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Elosegui-Artola
- Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials Unit, Centro de Estudios e Investigaciones Técnicas and Tecnun, University of Navarra, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Alvaro Jorge-Peñas
- Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials Unit, Centro de Estudios e Investigaciones Técnicas and Tecnun, University of Navarra, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Oihana Moreno-Arotzena
- Multiscale in Mechanical and Biological Engineering, Aragón Institute of Engineering Research, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Amaia Oregi
- Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials Unit, Centro de Estudios e Investigaciones Técnicas and Tecnun, University of Navarra, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Marta Lasa
- Gene Therapy and Hepatology Area, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - José Manuel García-Aznar
- Multiscale in Mechanical and Biological Engineering, Aragón Institute of Engineering Research, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Elena M. De Juan-Pardo
- Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials Unit, Centro de Estudios e Investigaciones Técnicas and Tecnun, University of Navarra, San Sebastian, Spain
- * E-mail: (RA); (EMDJ)
| | - Rafael Aldabe
- Gene Therapy and Hepatology Area, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- * E-mail: (RA); (EMDJ)
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Lucendo-Villarin B, Cameron K, Szkolnicka D, Travers P, Khan F, Walton JG, Iredale J, Bradley M, Hay DC. Stabilizing hepatocellular phenotype using optimized synthetic surfaces. J Vis Exp 2014:51723. [PMID: 25285607 DOI: 10.3791/51723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, one of the major limitations in cell biology is maintaining differentiated cell phenotype. Biological matrices are commonly used for culturing and maintaining primary and pluripotent stem cell derived hepatocytes. While biological matrices are useful, they permit short term culture of hepatocytes, limiting their widespread application. We have attempted to overcome the limitations using a synthetic polymer coating. Polymers represent one of the broadest classes of biomaterials and possess a wide range of mechanical, physical and chemical properties, which can be fine-tuned for purpose. Importantly, such materials can be scaled to quality assured standards and display batch-to-batch consistency. This is essential if cells are to be expanded for high through-put screening in the pharmaceutical testing industry or for cellular based therapy. Polyurethanes (PUs) are one group of materials that have shown promise in cell culture. Our recent progress in optimizing a polyurethane coated surface, for long-term culture of human hepatocytes displaying stable phenotype, is presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kate Cameron
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh
| | | | - Paul Travers
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh
| | | | | | - John Iredale
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh
| | | | - David C Hay
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh;
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7
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Estévez M, Martínez E, Yarwood SJ, Dalby MJ, Samitier J. Adhesion and migration of cells responding to microtopography. J Biomed Mater Res A 2014; 103:1659-68. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Revised: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maruxa Estévez
- Nanobioengineering GroupInstitute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC)Baldiri Reixac 15–21Barcelona08028 Spain
- Biomimetic Systems for Cell Engineering GroupInstitute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC)Baldiri Reixac 15–21Barcelona08028 Spain
- Department of ElectronicsUniversity of BarcelonaC/Martí i Franquès 1Barcelona08028 Spain
| | - Elena Martínez
- Biomimetic Systems for Cell Engineering GroupInstitute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC)Baldiri Reixac 15–21Barcelona08028 Spain
- Department of ElectronicsUniversity of BarcelonaC/Martí i Franquès 1Barcelona08028 Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER‐BBN) Spain
| | - Stephen J. Yarwood
- Laboratory of Cell BiologyInstitute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Joseph Black Building, University of GlasgowGlasgowG12 8QQ United Kingdom
| | - Matthew J. Dalby
- Centre for Cell Engineering, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Davidson Building, University of GlasgowGlasgowG12 8QQ United Kingdom
| | - Josep Samitier
- Nanobioengineering GroupInstitute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC)Baldiri Reixac 15–21Barcelona08028 Spain
- Department of ElectronicsUniversity of BarcelonaC/Martí i Franquès 1Barcelona08028 Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER‐BBN) Spain
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Yin Y, Huang P, Han Z, Wei G, Zhou C, Wen J, Su B, Wang X, Wang Y. Collagen nanofibers facilitated presynaptic maturation in differentiated neurons from spinal-cord-derived neural stem cells through MAPK/ERK1/2-Synapsin I signaling pathway. Biomacromolecules 2014; 15:2449-60. [PMID: 24955924 DOI: 10.1021/bm500321h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) are deemed to be a potential cell therapy for brain and spinal cord reconstruction and regeneration following injury. In this study, we investigated the role of nanofibrous scaffolds on NSCs-derived neurons in the formation of neural networks. Miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs) were recorded using the whole-cell patch clamp recording method after the spinal cord-derived NSCs were differentiated into neurons and cultured in vitro for 10-14 days. It was observed that the frequency of mEPSCs in the differentiated neurons cultured on both randomly oriented and aligned collagen nanofibrous scaffolds was higher than that on the collagen-coated control and can be inhibited by an ERK inhibitor (PD98059), indicating that the collagen nanofibers affected the maturation of the synapses from presynaptic sites via the MAPK/ERK1/2 pathway. In addition, both of the collagen nanofibers increased the phosphorylation of Synapsin I and facilitated the interaction of p-ERK1/2 and p-Synapsin I. All these results suggested that the collagen nanofibrous scaffolds contributed to the presynaptic maturation via the ERK1/2-Synapsin I signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Yin
- Department of Neurobiology and Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University , Beijing 100069, PR China
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9
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Dorst N, Oberringer M, Grässer U, Pohlemann T, Metzger W. Analysis of cellular composition of co-culture spheroids. Ann Anat 2014; 196:303-11. [PMID: 24962944 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2014.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Revised: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
3D spheroids and in particular co-culture spheroids reflect the natural organization of cells in tissues much better than 2D cell cultures as indicated by differences in cellular phyisology. However, most methods to analyze cells were established for 2D cultures and cannot easily be applied to spheroids. This study has aimed to demonstrate the possibility of quantification of the cellular composition of co-culture spheroids without previous dissociation into single cells. Prior to the generation of the spheroids, human endothelial cells, osteoblasts and fibroblasts were stained with fluoresent dyes for living cells. Co-culture spheroids of defined stoichiometric compositions were generated by the liquid overlay technique, cultivated for one, three or six days, respectively, and afterwards snap-frozen in liquid nitrogen. Cryo-sections of co-culture spheroids were analyzed by fluorescence microscopy and a newly established semi-automatic measuring routine. In order to compare the results, spheroids of one group were dissociated and the cellular composition was quantified by FACS-analysis. Staining efficiencies were higher than 95% as quantified in preliminary experiments with 2D cultures. Depending on the staining procedure, variations from uniform to punctate signals were detected. The size of all co-culture spheroids decreased over time and snap-freezing did not lead to shrinkage of the spheroids. We were able to detect organizational patterns of different cell types within the spheroids. It was possible to determine the cellular composition by quantitative microscopic analyses of cryo-sections as it could be confirmed by flow cytometric analyses. Depending on the experimental requirements, a combination of both methods might lead to valuable synergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Dorst
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Saarland University, Building 57, Kirrberger Str., 66421 Homburg, Germany.
| | - Martin Oberringer
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Saarland University, Building 57, Kirrberger Str., 66421 Homburg, Germany.
| | - Ute Grässer
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Saarland University, Building 57, Kirrberger Str., 66421 Homburg, Germany.
| | - Tim Pohlemann
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Saarland University, Building 57, Kirrberger Str., 66421 Homburg, Germany.
| | - Wolfgang Metzger
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Saarland University, Building 57, Kirrberger Str., 66421 Homburg, Germany.
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10
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The role of scaffold microarchitecture in engineering endothelial cell immunomodulation. Biomaterials 2012; 33:7019-27. [PMID: 22796162 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.06.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2012] [Accepted: 06/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The implantation of matrix-embedded endothelial cells (MEECs) has been reported to have great therapeutic potential in controlling the vascular response to injury and maintaining patency in arteriovenous anastomoses. While there is an appreciation of their effectiveness in clinical and animal studies, the mechanisms through which they mediate these powerful effects remain relatively unknown. In this work, we examined the hypothesis that the 3-dimensional microarchitecture of the tissue engineering scaffold was a key regulator of endothelial behavior in MEEC constructs. Notably, we found that ECs in porous collagen scaffold had a markedly altered cytoskeletal structure with oriented actin fibers and rearrangement of the focal adhesion proteins in comparison to cells grown on 2D surfaces. We examined the immunomodulatory capabilities of MEECs and discovered that they were able to reduce the recruitment of monocytes to an inflamed endothelial monolayer by 5-fold compared to EC on 2D surfaces. An analysis of secreted factors from the cells revealed an 8-fold lower release of Monocyte Chemotactic Protein-1 (MCP-1) from MEECs. Differences between 3D and 2D cultured cells were abolished in the presence of inhibitors to the focal adhesion associated signaling molecule Src suggesting that adhesion-mediated signaling is essential in controlling the potent immunomodulatory effects of MEEC.
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Yang SP, Yang CY, Lee TM, Lui TS. Effects of calcium-phosphate topography on osteoblast mechanobiology determined using a cytodetacher. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2011.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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12
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Wang Y, Yao M, Zhou J, Zheng W, Zhou C, Dong D, Liu Y, Teng Z, Jiang Y, Wei G, Cui X. The promotion of neural progenitor cells proliferation by aligned and randomly oriented collagen nanofibers through β1 integrin/MAPK signaling pathway. Biomaterials 2011; 32:6737-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.05.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2011] [Accepted: 05/25/2011] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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13
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Park J, Kim HN, Kim DH, Levchenko A, Suh KY. Quantitative analysis of the combined effect of substrate rigidity and topographic guidance on cell morphology. IEEE Trans Nanobioscience 2011; 11:28-36. [PMID: 21908261 DOI: 10.1109/tnb.2011.2165728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Live cells are exquisitely sensitive to both the substratum rigidity and texture. To explore cell responses to both these types of inputs in a precisely controlled fashion, we analyzed the responses of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells to nanotopographically defined substrata of different rigidities, ranging from 1.8 MPa to 1.1 GPa. Parallel arrays of nanogrooves (800-nm width, 800-nm space, and 800-nm depth) on polyurethane (PU)-based material surfaces were fabricated by UV-assisted capillary force lithography (CFL) over an area of 5 mm × 3 mm. We observed dramatic morphological responses of CHO cells, evident in their elongation and polarization along the nanogrooves direction. The cells were progressively more spread and elongated as the substratum rigidity increased, in an integrin β1 dependent manner. However, the degree of orientation was independent of substratum rigidity, suggesting that the cell shape is primarily determined by the topographical cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- JinSeok Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institutefor Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA. jpark145@ jhmi.edu
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Kinugasa S, Tojo A, Sakai T, Fujita T. Silver-enhanced immunogold scanning electron microscopy using vibratome sections of rat kidneys: detection of albumin filtration and reabsorption. Med Mol Morphol 2011; 43:218-25. [DOI: 10.1007/s00795-010-0500-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2009] [Accepted: 02/02/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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15
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Using immuno-scanning electron microscopy for the observation of focal adhesion-substratum interactions at the nano- and microscale in S-phase cells. Methods Mol Biol 2011; 695:53-60. [PMID: 21042965 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-60761-984-0_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
It is becoming clear that the nano/microtopography of a biomaterial in vivo is of first importance in influencing focal adhesion formation and subsequent cellular behaviour. When considering next-generation biomaterials, where the material's ability to elicit a regulated cell response will be key to device success, focal adhesion analysis is an useful indicator of cytocompatibility and can be used to determine functionality. Here, a methodology is described to allow simultaneous high-resolution imaging of focal adhesion sites and the material topography using field emission scanning electron microscopy. Furthermore, through the use of BrdU pulse labelling and immunogold detection, S-phase cells can be selected from a near-synchronised population of cells to remove artefacts due to cell cycle phase. This is a key factor in adhesion quantification as there is natural variation in focal adhesion density as cells progress through the cell cycle, which can skew the quantitative analysis of focal adhesion formation on fabricated biomaterials.
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Yang Y, Leong KW. Nanoscale surfacing for regenerative medicine. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2010; 2:478-95. [PMID: 20803682 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Cells in most tissues reside in microenvironment surrounded with specific three-dimensional features. The extracellular matrix or substratum with which cells interact often includes topography at the nanoscale. For example, the basement membrane of many tissues displays features of pores, fibers and ridges in the nanometer range. The nanoscale topography has significant effects on cellular behavior. Knowledge of the cell-substratum interactions is crucial to the understanding of many fundamental biological questions and to regenerative medicine. Rapid advances in nanotechnology enable cellular study on engineered nanoscale surfaces. Recent findings underscore the phenomenon that mammalian cells do respond to nanosized features on a synthetic surface. This review covers the commonly used techniques of engineering nanoscale surface and the techniques which have not been adapted but are of great potential in regenerative medicine, surveys the applications of nanoscale surface in regenerative medicine including vascular, bone, neural and stem cell tissue engineering, and discusses the possible mechanisms of cellular responses to nanoscale surface. A better understanding of the interactions between cells and nanoscale surfacing will help advance the field of regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
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17
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Anselme K, Davidson P, Popa A, Giazzon M, Liley M, Ploux L. The interaction of cells and bacteria with surfaces structured at the nanometre scale. Acta Biomater 2010; 6:3824-46. [PMID: 20371386 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2010.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 451] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2009] [Revised: 03/30/2010] [Accepted: 04/01/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The current development of nanobiotechnologies requires a better understanding of cell-surface interactions on the nanometre scale. Recently, advances in nanoscale patterning and detection have allowed the fabrication of appropriate substrates and the study of cell-substrate interactions. In this review we discuss the methods currently available for nanoscale patterning and their merits, as well as techniques for controlling the surface chemistry of materials at the nanoscale without changing the nanotopography and the possibility of truly characterizing the surface chemistry at the nanoscale. We then discuss the current knowledge of how a cell can interact with a substrate at the nanoscale and the effect of size, morphology, organization and separation of nanofeatures on cell response. Moreover, cell-substrate interactions are mediated by the presence of proteins adsorbed from biological fluids on the substrate. Many questions remain on the effect of nanotopography on protein adsorption. We review papers related to this point. As all these parameters have an influence on cell response, it is important to develop specific studies to point out their relative influence, as well as the biological mechanisms underlying cell responses to nanotopography. This will be the basis for future research in this field. An important topic in tissue engineering is the effect of nanoscale topography on bacteria, since cells have to compete with bacteria in many environments. The limited current knowledge of this topic is also discussed in the light of using topography to encourage cell adhesion while limiting bacterial adhesion. We also discuss current and prospective applications of cell-surface interactions on the nanoscale. Finally, based on questions raised previously that remain to be solved in the field, we propose future directions of research in materials science to help elucidate the relative influence of the physical and chemical aspects of nanotopography on bacteria and cell response with the aim of contributing to the development of nanobiotechnologies.
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Song IH, Dennis JE. A novel method for large-scale immuno-SEM using protein G coupled polystyrene beads. JOURNAL OF ELECTRON MICROSCOPY 2010; 59:527-530. [PMID: 20732882 PMCID: PMC3156677 DOI: 10.1093/jmicro/dfq064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2010] [Accepted: 07/26/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Polystyrene beads with a mean diameter of 0.76 μm were coupled with protein G and then anti-type II collagen IgG or anti-chondroitin-4-sulphate IgG were tagged to protein G. Antibody-tagged beads were applied to articular cartilage and labelled beads were counted in each sample. Antibody-tagged beads labelled significantly higher than IgG isotype control. We propose immuno-SEM using protein G coupled beads as a valuable method for micrometre range observation for specific protein distribution on surfaces of tissues or organs. This will provide information about structure as well as antigenicity on the surface at the same time.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Hwan Song
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, 317-1 Daemyungdong, Daegu 705-717, South Korea
- Department of Orthopaedics, Case Western Reserve University, 6th Floor Hanna House, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - James E. Dennis
- Department of Orthopaedics, Case Western Reserve University, 6th Floor Hanna House, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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Fujita S, Ohshima M, Iwata H. Time-lapse observation of cell alignment on nanogrooved patterns. J R Soc Interface 2009; 6 Suppl 3:S269-77. [PMID: 19324685 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2008.0428.focus] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells elongate on a surface with nanogrooved (NG) patterns and align along that pattern. Although various models have been proposed for how this occurs, much remains to be clarified. Studies with fixed cells do not lend themselves to answering some of these open questions. In this study, the dynamic behaviours of living mesenchymal stem cells on an NG substrate with a 200 nm groove depth, an 870 nm ridge width and a 670 nm groove width were observed using time-lapse microscopes. We found that filopodia moved as if they were probing the surroundings of the cell protrusion, and then some cell protrusions invaded the probed areas. Cell protrusions that extended perpendicular to the NG direction tended to retract more rapidly than those parallel to the grooves. From these facts, we think that the retracting phase of cell protrusions play a rule in cell alignment along the NG patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Fujita
- Department of Reparative Materials, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
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