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Enomoto H, Elliot BA, Petritz OA, Crespo R, Yeatts J, Sheela FF, Fricke I, Singleton A, Thomson A, Baynes RE. Residue, distribution and depletion of fluralaner in egg following a single intravenous and transdermal administration in healthy shaver hens: fluralaner residue in egg. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103843. [PMID: 38806001 PMCID: PMC11154701 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The demand for the use of fluralaner in an extra label manner is increasing due to lack of efficacious treatment to combat mites and bed bugs in the poultry industry in the United States. Fluralaner residue data in eggs is lacking and residues might cause risks to human health. The present study aimed to determine the depletion profiles of fluralaner in eggs and estimate the drug withdrawal interval in whole eggs by adopting the US Food and Drug administration tolerance limit method with single intravenous (0.5 mg/kg) or transdermal administration (average 58.7 mg/kg) in healthy shaver hens. Hens were treated intravenously or trans-dermally with fluralaner. The eggs were collected daily for 28 d for intravenous treated and for 40 d from the transdermal route group. Fluralaner concentrations in yolk and albumen were determined by mass spectrometry. The greater percentage of fluralaner was observed in yolk when compared to the albumen for both administration routes. Noncompartmental analysis was used to calculate the pharmacokinetic parameters in yolk, albumen and whole egg. The longest apparent half-life confirmed in yolk was 3.7 d for intravenous and 14.3 d for the transdermal route. The withdrawal intervals in whole egg for fluralaner following the intravenous and transdermal administration were 7 d and 81 d, respectively, with maximum residue limits (1.3 µg/g) at 13 d and 171 d, respectively, based on the limit of quantification (0.4 µg/g) from the analytical assay reported by EMA and APVMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Enomoto
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA; Food Animal Residue Avoidance Databank, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - Baxter A Elliot
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - Olivia A Petritz
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - Rocio Crespo
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - James Yeatts
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - Farha Ferdous Sheela
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - Isabel Fricke
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - Abby Singleton
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - Andrea Thomson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - Ronald E Baynes
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA; Food Animal Residue Avoidance Databank, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA.
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Liu S, Guo Y, Qu H, Dong Y, Zhao S, Fu T, Kang R, Cheng J, Huang S, Zhao L, Ma Q. Pharmacokinetics of florfenicol and its metabolite florfenicol amine in the plasma, urine, and feces of fattening male donkeys following single oral administration. Front Vet Sci 2024; 10:1314029. [PMID: 38239747 PMCID: PMC10794771 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1314029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Florfenicol (FF) is a commonly used antibacterial agent in animals. We investigated the pharmacokinetics of FF and its metabolite florfenicol amine (FFA) in donkeys. Donkeys were administered FF (30 mg/kg bodyweight, p.o.). Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using a non-compartmental model. The FF (FFA) pharmacokinetics parameters were characterized by along elimination half-life (t1/2 kz) of 5.92 h (15.95 h), plasma peak concentration (Cmax) of 0.13 μg/mL (0.08 μg/mL), and the time taken to reach Cmax (Tmax) of 0.68 h (0.72 h). The area under plasma concentration-time curve and mean residence time of FF (FFA) in plasma were 1.31 μg·mL-1·h (0.47 μg·mL-1·h) and 10.37 h (18.40 h), respectively. The t1/2 kz of FF and FFA in urine was 21.93 and 40.26 h, and the maximum excretion rate was 10.56 and 4.03 μg/h reached at 25.60 and 32.20 h, respectively. The respective values in feces were 0.02 and 0.01 μg·h-1 reached at 33.40 h. The amount of FF and FFA recovered in feces was 0.52 and 0.22 μg, respectively. In conclusion, FF (FFA) is rapidly absorbed and slowly eliminated after a single oral administration to donkeys. Compared to FF, FFA was more slowly eliminated. FF (FFA) is mostly excreted through urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanxin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Honglei Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Gelatin-Based Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dong-E-E-Jiao Co., Ltd., Liaocheng, China
| | - Yanjie Dong
- Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Shancang Zhao
- Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Tianze Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ruifen Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Gelatin-Based Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dong-E-E-Jiao Co., Ltd., Liaocheng, China
| | - Shimeng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lihong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiugang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Gutierrez L, Guzman-Flores A, Monroy-Barreto M, Ocampo L, Sumano H. Oral pharmacokinetics of a pharmaceutical preparation of florfenicol in broiler chickens. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1208221. [PMID: 37351554 PMCID: PMC10284592 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1208221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The use of florfenicol must follow particular pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) ratios, i.e., it requires achieving serum concentrations at or slightly above the pathogen's minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) during the dosing interval and that the ratio of area under the concentration vs. time curve (AUC)/MIC should be as high as possible (still undetermined for poultry). As an alternative to the standard soluble florfenicol that is administered to the flock through drinking water, florfenicol premix is often recommended as feed medication in Latin America. However, no particular pharmaceutical design has been proposed. Methods This study compared the PK of two preparations of florfenicol in broiler chickens and pondered the possibility of each covering the referred PK-PD ratios as predictors of clinical efficacy. The preparations comprise a pharmaceutical form as FOLA pellets (F = bioavailability; O = optimum; and LA = long-acting) and the premix formulation. The former are small colored pellets with vehicles and absorption enhancers of florfenicol designed for long action, and the latter is the reference premix of the antibiotic. First, these two pharmaceutical forms of florfenicol were administered as oral boluses (30 mg/kg), aided by a probe. In a second trial of the dosing form, both pharmaceutical preparations of florfenicol were administered in feed and ad libitum (110 ppm; ~30 mg/kg). Results In both cases, FOLA-florfenicol presented much higher relative bioavailability (3.27 times higher) and mean better residence time than florfenicol premix (two times high when forced as bolus dose). Consequently, FOLA-florfenicol possesses better PK/PD ratios than less sensitive pathogens, i.e., E. coli. It is proposed that if a metaphylactic treatment of a bacterial outbreak in poultry is implemented with florfenicol prepared as FOLA, better PK/PD ratios will be obtained than those of standard florfenicol premix. Discussion Clinicians must confirm that feed consumption in the flock has not been affected by the particular disease if FOLA pellets of florfenicol are used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilia Gutierrez
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacologia, Faculta de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Aline Guzman-Flores
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacologia, Faculta de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Minerva Monroy-Barreto
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Luis Ocampo
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacologia, Faculta de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Hector Sumano
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacologia, Faculta de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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Baier V, Paini A, Schaller S, Scanes CG, Bone AJ, Ebeling M, Preuss TG, Witt J, Heckmann D. A generic avian physiologically-based kinetic (PBK) model and its application in three bird species. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 169:107547. [PMID: 36179644 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Physiologically-based kinetic (PBK) models are effective tools for designing toxicological studies and conducting extrapolations to inform hazard characterization in risk assessment by filling data gaps and defining safe levels of chemicals. In the present work, a generic avian PBK model for male and female birds was developed using PK-Sim and MoBi from the Open Systems Pharmacology Suite (OSPS). The PBK model includes an ovulation model (egg development) to predict concentrations of chemicals in eggs from dietary exposure. The model was parametrized for chicken (Gallus gallus), bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus) and mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos) and was tested with nine chemicals for which in vivo studies were available. Time-concentration profiles of chemicals reaching tissues and egg compartment were simulated and compared to in vivo data. The overall accuracy of the PBK model predictions across the analyzed chemicals was good. Model simulations were found to be in the range of 22-79% within a 3-fold and 41-89% were within 10- fold deviation of the in vivo observed data. However, for some compounds scarcity of in-vivo data and inconsistencies between published studies allowed only a limited goodness of fit evaluation. The generic avian PBK model was developed following a "best practice" workflow describing how to build a PBK model for novel species. The credibility and reproducibility of the avian PBK models were scored by evaluation according to the available guidance documents from WHO (2010), and OECD (2021), to increase applicability, confidence and acceptance of these in silico models in chemical risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Baier
- esqLABS GmbH, Hambierich 34, 26683 Saterland, Germany
| | - Alicia Paini
- esqLABS GmbH, Hambierich 34, 26683 Saterland, Germany
| | | | - Colin G Scanes
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States; Department of Biological Science, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Audrey J Bone
- Bayer Crop Science, Chesterfield, MO 63017, United States
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Stilz CR, Cox S, Bergman J, Gerhardt L, Singleton S, Harvill L, Souza MJ. Pharmacokinetics and Egg Residues of Oral Meloxicam in Bantam Cochin Chickens. J Avian Med Surg 2022; 36:140-144. [DOI: 10.1647/21-00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Hekman P, Schefferlie J, Gehring R. Modelling Shows the Negative Impact of Age Dependent Pharmacokinetics on the Efficacy of Oxytetracycline in Young Steers. Front Vet Sci 2022; 8:821005. [PMID: 35155653 PMCID: PMC8831370 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.821005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of age dependent pharmacokinetics (PK) on the clinical efficacy of oxytetracycline (OTC) against Bovine Respiratory Disease (BRD) in beef cattle was studied, using a Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model. The model includes a bodyweight dependent renal clearance. To mimic/reproduce the long terminal half-live a bone forming tissue compartment was considered. Data for the development, calibration and validation of the model were obtained from public literature. To integrate the PK with the pharmacodynamics (PD) of OTC, Monte Carlo simulations were performed using this PBPK model to predict time-concentration curves for two commonly used dosing regimens of short-acting and long-acting injectable OTC formulations in virtual populations of 5,000 steer calves of 100 kg and 400 kg. These curves were then used to calculate the value of the PKPD index for OTC, which is the ratio of the area under the concentration-time curve for 24 h (AUC24h) over the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the target pathogen (AUC24h/MIC). The MIC values were for Mannheimia haemolytica, the dose-limiting pathogen for BRD. This integration of PBPK and PD for OTC used for the treatment of BRD in calves indicated that the Probability of Target Attainment (PTA) was sufficient for efficacy in calves of 400 kg, but insufficient for calves of 100 kg, when using a long acting dosing regimen of 20 mg/kg BW, twice, with a 48-h interval. The use of a dosing regimen of 10 mg/kg BW/day for 4 days predicted sufficient PTAs in both age groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Hekman
- Medicines Evaluation Board, Veterinary Medicines Unit, The Hague, Netherlands
| | - Johan Schefferlie
- Medicines Evaluation Board, Veterinary Medicines Unit, The Hague, Netherlands
| | - Ronette Gehring
- Veterinary Pharmacotherapy and Pharmacy, Department of Population Health Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Ronette Gehring
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Souza MJ, Gerhardt LE, Shannon L, Fortner C, Davis R, Condon M, Bergman JB, Cox SK. Breed differences in the pharmacokinetics of orally administered meloxicam in domestic chickens ( Gallus domesticus). J Am Vet Med Assoc 2021; 259:84-87. [PMID: 34125605 DOI: 10.2460/javma.259.1.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the pharmacokinetics of meloxicam in Wyandotte hens and duration and quantity of drug residues in their eggs following PO administration of a single dose (1 mg of meloxicam/kg [0.45 mg of meloxicam/lb]) and compare results with those previously published for White Leghorn hens. ANIMALS 8 healthy adult Wyandotte hens. PROCEDURES Hens were administered 1 mg of meloxicam/kg, PO, once. A blood sample was collected immediately before and at intervals up to 48 hours after drug administration. The hens' eggs were collected for 3 weeks after drug administration. Samples of the hens' plasma and egg whites (albumen) and yolks were analyzed with high-performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS Mean ± SD terminal half-life, maximum concentration, and time to maximum concentration were 5.53 ± 1.37 hours, 6.25 ± 1.53 μg/mL, and 3.25 ± 2.12 hours, respectively. Mean ± SD number of days meloxicam was detected in egg whites and yolks after drug administration was 4.25 ± 2 days and 9.0 ± 1.5 days, respectively. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Compared with White Leghorn hens, meloxicam in Wyandotte hens had a longer terminal half-life, greater area under the plasma concentration-versus-time curve from time 0 to infinity, a smaller elimination rate constant, and a longer mean residence time-versus-time curve from time 0 to infinity, and drug persisted longer in their egg yolks. Therefore, the oral dosing interval of meloxicam may be greater for Wyandotte hens. Results may aid veterinarians on appropriate dosing of meloxicam to Wyandotte hens and inform regulatory agencies on appropriate withdrawal times.
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Oxytetracycline and Florfenicol Concentrations in Food-Additive Premixes Authorised for Broiler Chickens: Assessing Degree of Agreement with Manufacturers Labelling. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11061797. [PMID: 34208604 PMCID: PMC8234333 DOI: 10.3390/ani11061797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In this study, two analytical methodologies were developed for the analysis of florfenicol and oxytetracycline premixes, which were applied in the analysis of pharmaceutical formulations manufactured at the national level. These premixes were assessed, since florfenicol and oxytetracycline are widely used in poultry farming, as they are active against several types of bacteria and their cost/effectiveness ratio is quite attractive and are administered for the therapeutic treatment of bacterial infections. However, these premixes must actually contain the active ingredients at a concentration that matches what the manufacturer states on their labels. Otherwise, they will not reach plasma concentrations that are therapeutically effective. In this work we set forth to verify via LC-MS/MS whether three commercial formulations of oxytetracycline premixes, and two of florfenicol, effectively matched their labels or not. Interestingly, this methodology detected oxytetracycline at a higher concentration than expected for those formulations, whereas the concentrations of florfenicol were lower than the on-label statement for both formulations. Abstract Antimicrobials premixes are the presentation of choice to administer drugs simultaneously to groups of animals in intensive husbandry systems that require treatment for pathologies of bacterial origin. Among the premixes available for use in poultry, florfenicol and oxytetracycline are commonly administered via food or water. However, their actual concentration in premixes must meet on-label statements to ensure plasma concentrations reach effective therapeutic levels. Hence, this work was designed for the purpose of verifying whether the concentration of antimicrobial present in five premixes matched their on-label statement. Three oxytetracycline premixes, and two of florfenicol, were analysed using a Xevo TQ-S micro UPLC-MS/MS, and an ABSciex API4000 HPLC-MS/MS, respectively. Analytical methodologies were implemented and validated, showing an R2 ≥ 0.99 for the calibration curves. Oxytetracycline was detected in these premixes at concentrations exceeding on-label statements by 13.28%, 21.54%, and 29.68%, whereas florfenicol concentrations detected in premixes were 13.06% and 14.75% lower than expected. Consequently, this work shows that the concentration of active ingredients that are present in commercial formulations effectively differ from those stated on premix labels, and it also highlights how unpredictable their range of variability might be. This must be addressed through solid and updated laws that guarantee an effective pharmaceutical product.
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Chicoine A, Erdely H, Fattori V, Finnah A, Fletcher S, Lipp M, Sanders P, Scheid S. Assessment of veterinary drug residues in food: Considerations when dealing with sub-optimal data. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2020; 118:104806. [PMID: 33058940 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2020.104806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The use of veterinary drugs in food-producing animals may lead to residues in animal-derived foodstuffs, potentially posing a risk to human safety. While the process of veterinary drug residue risk assessment continues to evolve as new data emerges, a recurring challenge is when sub-optimal or incomplete data are provided with the expectation of supporting a robust risk assessment. The Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) is comprised of international experts who routinely deal with such data challenges when performing veterinary drug residue evaluations. Recent developments in veterinary drug residue risk assessment are described, including specific consequences of sub-optimal data during the risk assessment process. When feasible, practical solutions to such challenges are also highlighted. Case examples from recent JECFA veterinary drug evaluations are provided to clearly quantify and illustrate the concepts described. The information provided is intended to facilitate the generation of improved quality data, enabling more timely and robust veterinary drug residue risk assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Chicoine
- Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada.
| | - Holly Erdely
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Veterinary Medicine, Rockville, USA
| | - Vittorio Fattori
- Food Safety and Quality Unit, Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Rome, Italy
| | - Anke Finnah
- German Federal Office of Consumer Protection and Food Safety (BVL), Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Markus Lipp
- Food Safety and Quality Unit, Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Rome, Italy
| | - Pascal Sanders
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Fougeres, France
| | - Stefan Scheid
- German Federal Office of Consumer Protection and Food Safety (BVL), Berlin, Germany
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Li X, Chen L, Yue H, Feng H, Xu E, Wei X, Han X, Deng L, Li Z. Depletion of florfenicol and florfenicol amine in eggs of laying hens and growing pullets after oral administration. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2020; 37:1449-1458. [PMID: 32619394 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2020.1769196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we carried out two experiments to evaluate depletion of florfenicol (FF) and its metabolite florfenicol amine (FFA) in eggs from growing pullets and laying hens. Eggs were collected, and the egg white and yolk were separated. FF and FFA were analysed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. In the first experiment, 30 laying hens were given FF capsules at 50 mg/kg·bw-1 daily for 5 d. FF + FFA was detectable in egg white (1,190 µg/kg) on day 1 of treatment and increased slowly thereafter. After treatment, the residues decreased rapidly and were not detected by day 11. In yolk, residues were detected at a lower concentration on day 1 and increased dramatically to 3308 µg/kg at the end of treatment. The residues remained steady over the next 4 days post-treatment, followed by a rapid drop. Residues were not detectable on day 15 post-treatment. In the second experiment, four groups (B1 through B4) of growing pullets were treated in the same manner for 25, 20, 15, and 10 days before egg primiparity. FF and FFA were not detectable in the eggs of group B1; however, they were detectable in egg whites and yolks of groups B2, B3, and B4. The highest total concentrations of FF and FFA detected in egg white and yolk of group B4 were 3,190 µg/kg and 3,214 µg/kg, respectively. Thereafter, concentrations decreased until no more residues were detected in egg whites or yolks on days 17 and 21 post-treatment, respectively. Therefore, drug treatment should be stopped at least 21 d before primiparity of growing pullets to guarantee food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Li
- Institute of Agricultural Quality Standards and Testing Technology Research, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Institute of Agricultural Quality Standards and Testing Technology Research, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hui Yue
- Institute of Agricultural Quality Standards and Testing Technology Research, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hua Feng
- Institute of Agricultural Quality Standards and Testing Technology Research, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Enmin Xu
- Shandong Veterinary Drug Quality Inspection Institute , Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiuli Wei
- Shandong Veterinary Drug Quality Inspection Institute , Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiaoli Han
- Academy of Modern Ecological Agricultural Industrial Technology , Tai'an, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ligang Deng
- Institute of Agricultural Quality Standards and Testing Technology Research, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zengmei Li
- Institute of Agricultural Quality Standards and Testing Technology Research, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Jinan, Shandong Province, China
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Rairat T, Hsieh CY, Thongpiam W, Chou CC. Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modelling for the determination of optimal dosing regimen of florfenicol in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) at different water temperatures and antimicrobial susceptibility levels. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2019; 42:1181-1190. [PMID: 31157416 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Optimized dosing regimen is key to the effective use of antibacterials and to minimizing drug-related side effects. The current study established a pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) model for the determination of optimal antibacterial dosing regimen in fish taken into consideration the temperature-dependent PK and the pathogen-dependent antimicrobial susceptibility, using florfenicol (FF) in Nile tilapia as an example. The calculated optimal dosages significantly varied by temperature and target MIC levels, ranging from 2.23 (MIC 1 µg/ml at 24°C) to 34.88 mg kg-1 day-1 (MIC 4 µg/ml at 32°C). The appropriateness of the calculated dosages was successfully verified by the in vivo studies. After 5 days of oral administration of the calculated optimal dosage at 24°C, the predicted plasma drug values were in line with the mean observed Cmin(ss) while at 28 and 32°C underestimation of the Cmin(ss) in a dose-dependent manner was observed and likely due to the occurrence of non-linear PK at high dosages. The averaged serum protein binding of FF was 19.1%. Our results demonstrated the appropriateness and clinical applicability of the developed PK-PD approach for the determination of optimal dosing regimens at given temperatures and MICs. Saturation metabolism and PK non-linearity of FF in tilapia warrant further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tirawat Rairat
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yu Hsieh
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wipavee Thongpiam
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chung Chou
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Lan W, Xiao X, Jiang Y, Jiang L, Zhao X, Yu Z, Zhu B, Li C, Bian L, Wang Z. Comparative pharmacokinetics of florfenicol in healthy and Pasteurella multocida-infected Gaoyou ducks. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2019; 42:355-360. [PMID: 30912167 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Pasteurella multocida is the causative agent of fowl cholera, and florfenicol (FF) has potent antibacterial activity against P. multocida and is widely used in the poultry industry. In this study, we established a P. multocida infection model in ducks and studied the pharmacokinetics of FF in serum and lung tissues after oral administration of 30 mg/kg bodyweight. The maximum concentrations reached (Cmax) were lower in infected ducks (13.88 ± 2.70 μg/ml) vs. healthy control animals (17.86 ± 1.57 μg/ml). In contrast, the mean residence time (MRT: 2.35 ± 0.13 vs. 2.27 ± 0.18 hr) and elimination half-life (T½β : 1.63 ± 0.08 vs. 1.57 ± 0.12 hr) were similar for healthy and diseased animals, respectively. As a result, the area under the concentration curve for 0-12 hr (AUC0-12 hr ) for FF in healthy ducks was significantly greater than that in infected ducks (49.47 ± 5.31 vs. 34.52 ± 8.29 μg hr/ml). The pharmacokinetic differences of FF in lung tissues between the two groups correlated with the serum pharmacokinetic differences. The Cmax and AUC0-12 hr values of lung tissue in healthy ducks were higher than those in diseased ducks. The concentration of FF in lung tissues was approximately 1.2-fold higher than that in serum both in infected and healthy ducks indicating that FF is effective in treating respiratory tract infections in ducks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixuan Lan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xia Xiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yongjia Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lijie Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xu Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhaoyang Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Biwen Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Congcong Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lin Bian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
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13
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Tikhomirov M, Poźniak B, Smutkiewicz A, Świtała M. Pharmacokinetics of florfenicol and thiamphenicol in ducks. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2018; 42:116-120. [DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Tikhomirov
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences; Wrocław Poland
| | - Błażej Poźniak
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences; Wrocław Poland
| | - Andrzej Smutkiewicz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences; Wrocław Poland
| | - Marcin Świtała
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences; Wrocław Poland
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14
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Pokrant E, Riquelme R, Maddaleno A, San Martín B, Cornejo J. Residue Depletion of Florfenicol and Florfenicol Amine in Broiler Chicken Claws and a Comparison of Their Concentrations in Edible Tissues Using LC⁻MS/MS. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23092211. [PMID: 30200340 PMCID: PMC6225377 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23092211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial residues might persist in products and by-products destined for human or animal consumption. Studies exploring the depletion behavior of florfenicol residues in broiler chicken claws are scarce, even though claws can enter the food chain directly or indirectly. Hence, this study intended to assess the concentrations of florfenicol (FF) and florfenicol amine (FFA)—its active metabolite—in chicken claws from birds that were treated with a therapeutic dose of florfenicol. Furthermore, concentrations of these analytes in this matrix were compared with their concentrations in edible tissues at each sampling point. A group of 70 broiler chickens were raised under controlled conditions and used to assess residue depletion. Sampling points were on days 5, 10, 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40 after ceasing treatment, thus extending beyond the withdrawal period established for muscle tissue (30 days). Analytes were extracted using HPLC-grade water and acetone, and dichloromethane was used for the clean-up stage. Liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectroscopy detection (LC–MS/MS) was used to detect and quantify the analytes. The analytical methodology developed in this study was validated in-house and based on the recommendations described in the Commission Decision 2002/657/EC from the European Union. Analyte concentrations were calculated by linear regression analysis of calibration curves that were fortified using an internal standard of chloramphenicol-d5 (CAF-d5). The depletion time of FF and FFA was set at 74 days in claws, based on a 95% confidence level and using the limit of detection (LOD) as the cut-off point. Our findings show that FF and FFA can be found in chicken claws at higher concentrations than in muscle and liver samples at each sampling point.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Pokrant
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Chile, Av. Santa Rosa, 11735 La Pintana, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Ricardo Riquelme
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Chile, Av. Santa Rosa, 11735 La Pintana, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Aldo Maddaleno
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Chile, Av. Santa Rosa, 11735 La Pintana, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Betty San Martín
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Chile, Av. Santa Rosa, 11735 La Pintana, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Javiera Cornejo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Chile, Av. Santa Rosa, 11735 La Pintana, Santiago, Chile.
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15
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Chang KC, Tsai CE. Bioequivalence evaluation of Florfenicol pharmaceutics in pigs using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2018.1448869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Chun Chang
- Division of Animal Industry, Agricultural Technology Research Institute, Miaoli, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chin-En Tsai
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan, ROC
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16
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Watteyn A, Croubels S, De Baere S, De Backer P, Devreese M. Pharmacokinetics of florfenicol in turkey plasma, lung tissue, and pulmonary epithelial lining fluid after single oral bolus or continuous administration in the drinking water. Poult Sci 2018; 97:1134-1140. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pex416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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17
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Budd C, Flanagan C, Gillett A, Hanger J, Loader JJ, Govendir M. Assessment of florfenicol as a possible treatment for chlamydiosis in koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus). Aust Vet J 2017; 95:343-349. [PMID: 28845567 DOI: 10.1111/avj.12617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Because of limited availability of chloramphenicol to veterinary suppliers, a preliminary study was performed to predict whether an analogue, florfenicol, is an efficacious treatment for chlamydiosis in koalas. METHODS Florfenicol was administered to koalas with naturally occurring chlamydiosis at 20 mg/kg SC (n = 3) and at 5 mg/kg (n = 3) and 10 mg/kg (n = 3) IV. The estimated areas under the plasma concentration versus time curves (AUC) were compared with the minimum inhibitory concentration to inhibit Chlamydia pecorum. Clinical data were also examined from field trials conducted on koalas (n = 19) with naturally occurring chlamydiosis and treated with florfenicol at a range of dosages (5-20 mg/kg SC and 6-15 mg/kg IV). Florfenicol binding to proteins in plasma was also determined. RESULTS Florfenicol was not detectable in plasma 24 h post-administration at 20 mg/kg SC. The estimated AUC0-24 h following administration at 10 mg/kg IV suggests florfenicol might be effective against Chlamydia spp. via this route. Florfenicol binding to plasma proteins was 13.0% (± 0.30 SEM). After treatment with florfenicol in field trials, 5 of 19 koalas (26%) were released without further treatment, 4 with no long-term follow-up; 6 (32%) required additional treatment with chloramphenicol to resolve chlamydiosis; 7 (36%) failed to clinically improve, of which 3 had clinical signs and/or necropsy findings suggestive of antibiotic-related gastrointestinal dysbiosis; another koala died within minutes of florfenicol administered IV at 7 mg/kg. CONCLUSION When administered at dosages tolerable in the field, florfenicol is a problematic treatment for chlamydiosis based on equivocal outcomes and plasma concentrations below those that inhibit the pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Budd
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - C Flanagan
- Port Macquarie Koala Hospital, Port Macquarie, New South Wales, Australia
| | - A Gillett
- Australia Zoo Wildlife Hospital, Beerwah, Queensland, Australia
| | - J Hanger
- Endeavour Veterinary Ecology, Toorbul, Queensland, Australia
| | - J J Loader
- Endeavour Veterinary Ecology, Toorbul, Queensland, Australia
| | - M Govendir
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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18
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Poźniak B, Pawłowski P, Pasławska U, Grabowski T, Suszko A, Lis M, Świtała M. The influence of rapid growth in broilers on florfenicol pharmacokinetics – allometric modelling of the pharmacokinetic and haemodynamic parameters. Br Poult Sci 2017; 58:184-191. [DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2016.1261994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. Poźniak
- Department of Biochemistry, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - P. Pawłowski
- Department of Biochemistry, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - U. Pasławska
- Department of Internal Diseases with Clinic for Horses, Dogs and Cats, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | | | - A. Suszko
- Department of Biochemistry, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - M. Lis
- Department of Biochemistry, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - M. Świtała
- Department of Biochemistry, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
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19
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Yang B, Gao JD, Cao XY, Wang QY, Sun GZ, Yang JJ. Lung microdialysis study of florfenicol in pigs after single intramuscular administration. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2017; 40:530-538. [DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- B. Yang
- Hubei Engineering Research Center of Viral Vector; Wuhan Institute of Bioengineering; Wuhan China
| | - J. D. Gao
- Wuhan Royal Veterinary Hospital; Wuhan China
| | - X. Y. Cao
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology; College of Veterinary Medicine; China Agricultural University Beijing China
| | | | - G. Z. Sun
- Hubei Engineering Research Center of Viral Vector; Wuhan Institute of Bioengineering; Wuhan China
| | - J. J. Yang
- Hubei Engineering Research Center of Viral Vector; Wuhan Institute of Bioengineering; Wuhan China
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20
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Cornejo J, Pokrant E, Riquelme R, Briceño C, Maddaleno A, Araya-Jordán C, San Martin B. Single-laboratory validation of an LC-MS/MS method for determining florfenicol (FF) and florfenicol amine (FFA) residues in chicken feathers and application to a residue-depletion study. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2016; 34:469-476. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2016.1267876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Cornejo
- Preventive Medicine Department, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - E. Pokrant
- Preventive Medicine Department, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - R. Riquelme
- Preventive Medicine Department, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - C. Briceño
- Preventive Medicine Department, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - A. Maddaleno
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - C. Araya-Jordán
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - B. San Martin
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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21
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El-Ela FIA, Shany S, El-Deen MB, El-Banna H, El-Gendy A, Hendy K, Tohamy M. Investigating the potential role of vitamin E in modulating the immunosuppressive effects of tylvalosin and florfenicol in broiler chickens. Res Vet Sci 2016; 108:25-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2016.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 04/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/17/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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22
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Geng ZX, Li HM, Tian J, Liu TF, Yu ZG. Study of pharmacokinetics of an in situ forming gel system for controlled delivery of florfenicol in pigs. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2015; 38:596-600. [PMID: 25771961 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
To reduce florfenicol (FFC) administration frequency in veterinary use, the drug was currently developed into in situ forming gel. Twelve pigs were randomly divided into two groups (six pigs per group). A single i.m. dose of 40 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) was given to pigs, group one was given FFC in situ forming gel, and group two was given FFC conventional injection. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to determine FFC plasma concentrations. There were significant differences (P < 0.01) between FFC in situ forming gel and conventional injection, in pharmacokinetic parameters MRT (mean retention time) (57.79 ± 2.88) h versus (15.94 ± 1.29) h, AUC (area under the concentration-time curve) (421.54 ± 8.97) μg·h/mL versus (168.16 ± 4.59) μg·h/mL, tmax (time of occurrence of cmax ) (9.00 ± 2.68) h versus (4.33 ± 0.82) h, cmax (maximum plasma concentration) (6.87 ± 0.66) μg/mL versus (12.01 ± 0.66) μg/mL, t1/2λz (terminal elimination half-life) (38.04 ± 2.20) h versus (9.15 ± 2.71) h. The results demonstrated that the in situ forming gel system could shorten dosing interval of FFC and thus achieved less frequent administration during long-term treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z-X Geng
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - H-M Li
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - J Tian
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - T-F Liu
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Z-G Yu
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
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23
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Yu ZG, Geng ZX, Liu TF, Jiang F. In vitro
and in vivo
evaluation of an in situ
forming gel system for sustained delivery of Florfenicol. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2014; 38:271-7. [DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Z.-G. Yu
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology; College of Veterinary Medicine; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing Jiangsu Province China
| | - Z.-X. Geng
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology; College of Veterinary Medicine; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing Jiangsu Province China
| | - T.-F. Liu
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology; College of Veterinary Medicine; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing Jiangsu Province China
| | - F. Jiang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology; College of Veterinary Medicine; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing Jiangsu Province China
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24
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Filazi A, Sireli U, Yurdakok B, Aydin F, Kucukosmanoglu A. Depletion of florfenicol and florfenicol amine residues in chicken eggs. Br Poult Sci 2014; 55:460-5. [DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2014.935701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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25
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Watteyn A, Russo E, Garmyn A, De Baere S, Pasmans F, Martel A, Haesebrouck F, Montesissa C, De Backer P, Croubels S. Clinical efficacy of florfenicol administered in the drinking water against Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale in turkeys housed in different environmental conditions: a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic approach. Avian Pathol 2013; 42:474-81. [PMID: 23930788 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2013.823144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
In poultry rearing, medicated drinking water is a commonly used administration route, but drug uptake can be affected by many factors. In this study, the influence of two important parameters, the photoperiod and feeding schemes, on florfenicol uptake in turkeys was tested. First, the uptake was determined as the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic profile of florfenicol; and second, we evaluated the clinical efficacy of florfenicol against Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale. Both experiments were conducted during a 5-day treatment of 30 mg/kg body weight florfenicol administered via drinking water and considering different photoperiods and feeding schemes (group 20/4L: photoperiod of 20 h, fed ad libitum; group 16/8L: photoperiod of 16 h, fed ad libitum; group 16/8R: photoperiod of 16 h, fed ad libitum but feed was withdrawn during the dark period and replaced 1 h after lighting). On day 1 of treatment, all groups showed plasma concentrations above the minimum inhibitory concentration (both MIC50 and MIC90, 1 mg/l) of 37.7%, 63.5% and 53.1% of a 24-h interval for 20/4L, 16/8L and 16/8R, respectively. Only in the 16/8L and 16/8R groups was the MIC also exceeded on day 5 (47.9% and 21.5% of a 24-h interval, respectively). In all groups, a clinical improvement could be noticed, resulting in reduction of the clinical score. However, only the 16/8L and 16/8R groups showed significant differences from the control group. The results demonstrated an important influence of the photoperiod on the pharmacokinetics of florfenicol as well as the clinical outcome in an infection model. It can be advised that the photoperiod should be <20 h to have sufficient drug intake. Nevertheless, there was no effect between fed and fasted turkeys for both the pharmacokinetics and the clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anneleen Watteyn
- a Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Ghent University , Merelbeke , Belgium
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YANG F, SUN N, SUN YX, SHAN Q, ZHAO HY, ZENG DP, ZENG ZL. A physiologically based pharmacokinetics model for florfenicol in crucian carp and oral-to-intramuscular extrapolation. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2012; 36:192-200. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.2012.01419.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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