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Wang AY, Peng YQ, Cook JM, Yang DR, Zhang DY, Liao WJ. Host insect specificity and interspecific competition drive parasitoid diversification in a plant-insect community. Ecology 2023:e4062. [PMID: 37186391 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.4062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Ecological interactions among plants, insect herbivores and parasitoids are pervasive in nature and play important roles in community assembling, but the codiversification of tri-trophic interactions has received less attention. Here we compare pairwise codiversification patterns between a set of 22 fig species, their herbivorous pollinating and galling wasps, and their parasitoids. The parasitoid phylogeny showed significant congruence and more cospeciation events with host insects phylogeny than with host plants. These results suggest that parasitoid phylogeny and speciation is more closely related to their host insects than to their host plants. The pollinating wasps hosted more parasitoid species than gallers and indicated a more intense interspecific competition among parasitoids associated with pollinators. Closer matching and fewer evolutionary host shifts were found between parasitoids and galler hosts than between parasitoids and pollinator hosts. These results suggest that interspecific competition among parasitoids, rather than resource availability of host wasps, is the main driver of the codiversification pattern in this community. Therefore, our study highlights the important role of interspecific competition among high trophic level insects in plant-insect tri-trophic community assembling. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology & Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Qiong Peng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - James M Cook
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Da-Rong Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Da-Yong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology & Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Wan-Jin Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology & Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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Butterworth NJ, Benbow ME, Barton PS. The ephemeral resource patch concept. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2022; 98:697-726. [PMID: 36517934 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Ephemeral resource patches (ERPs) - short lived resources including dung, carrion, temporary pools, rotting vegetation, decaying wood, and fungi - are found throughout every ecosystem. Their short-lived dynamics greatly enhance ecosystem heterogeneity and have shaped the evolutionary trajectories of a wide range of organisms - from bacteria to insects and amphibians. Despite this, there has been no attempt to distinguish ERPs clearly from other resource types, to identify their shared spatiotemporal characteristics, or to articulate their broad ecological and evolutionary influences on biotic communities. Here, we define ERPs as any distinct consumable resources which (i) are homogeneous (genetically, chemically, or structurally) relative to the surrounding matrix, (ii) host a discrete multitrophic community consisting of species that cannot replicate solely in any of the surrounding matrix, and (iii) cannot maintain a balance between depletion and renewal, which in turn, prevents multiple generations of consumers/users or reaching a community equilibrium. We outline the wide range of ERPs that fit these criteria, propose 12 spatiotemporal characteristics along which ERPs can vary, and synthesise a large body of literature that relates ERP dynamics to ecological and evolutionary theory. We draw this knowledge together and present a new unifying conceptual framework that incorporates how ERPs have shaped the adaptive trajectories of organisms, the structure of ecosystems, and how they can be integrated into biodiversity management and conservation. Future research should focus on how inter- and intra-resource variation occurs in nature - with a particular focus on resource × environment × genotype interactions. This will likely reveal novel adaptive strategies, aid the development of new eco-evolutionary theory, and greatly improve our understanding of the form and function of organisms and ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan J. Butterworth
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University Wellington Road Clayton VIC 3800 Australia
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney 15 Broadway Ultimo NSW 2007 Australia
| | - M. Eric Benbow
- Department of Entomology, Department of Osteopathic Medical Specialties, and Ecology, Evolution and Behavior Program Michigan State University 220 Trowbridge Rd East Lansing MI 48824 USA
| | - Philip S. Barton
- Future Regions Research Centre, Federation University University Drive, Mount Helen VIC 3350 Australia
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3
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Raji IA, Downs CT. Ficus-frugivore interactions, especially in areas of land-use change, in Africa: A systematic review. ACTA OECOLOGICA 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2021.103774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Finch JTD, Power SA, Welbergen JA, Cook JM. Two's company, three's a crowd: co-occurring pollinators and parasite species in Breynia oblongifolia (Phyllanthaceae). BMC Evol Biol 2018; 18:193. [PMID: 30547744 PMCID: PMC6295073 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-018-1314-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obligate pollination mutualisms (OPMs) are specialized interactions in which female pollinators transport pollen between the male and female flowers of a single plant species and then lay eggs into those same flowers. The pollinator offspring hatch and feed upon some or all of the developing ovules pollinated by their mothers. Strong trait matching between plants and their pollinators in OPMs is expected to result in reciprocal partner specificity i.e., a single pollinator species using a single plant species and vice versa, and strict co-speciation. These issues have been studied extensively in figs and fig wasps, but little in the more recently discovered co-diversification of Epicephala moths and their Phyllanthaceae hosts. OPMs involving Epicephala moths are believed occur in approximately 500 species of Phyllanthaceae, making it the second largest OPM group after the Ficus radiation (> 750 species). In this study, we used a mixture of DNA barcoding, genital morphology and behavioral observations to determine the number of Epicephala moth species inhabiting the fruits of Breynia oblongifolia, their geographic distribution, pollinating behavior and phylogenetic relationships. RESULTS We found that B. oblongifolia hosts two species of pollinator that co-occurred at all study sites, violating the assumption of reciprocal specificity. Male and female genital morphologies both differed considerably between the two moth species. In particular, females differed in the shape of their ovipositors, eggs and oviposition sites. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that the two Epicephala spp. on B. oblongifolia likely co-exist due to a host switch. In addition, we discovered that Breynia fruits are also often inhabited by a third moth, an undescribed species of Herpystis, which is a non-pollinating seed parasite. CONCLUSIONS Our study reveals new complexity in interactions between Phyllantheae and Epicephala pollinators and highlights that host switching, co-speciation and non-pollinating seed parasites can shape species interactions in OPMs. Our finding that co-occurring Epicephala species have contrasting oviposition modes parallels other studies and suggests that such traits are important in Epicephala species coexistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. T. D. Finch
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Hawkesbury Campus, Western Sydney University, Science Rd, Richmond, NSW 2753 Australia
| | - S. A. Power
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Hawkesbury Campus, Western Sydney University, Science Rd, Richmond, NSW 2753 Australia
| | - J. A. Welbergen
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Hawkesbury Campus, Western Sydney University, Science Rd, Richmond, NSW 2753 Australia
| | - J. M. Cook
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Hawkesbury Campus, Western Sydney University, Science Rd, Richmond, NSW 2753 Australia
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Peters RS, Niehuis O, Gunkel S, Bläser M, Mayer C, Podsiadlowski L, Kozlov A, Donath A, van Noort S, Liu S, Zhou X, Misof B, Heraty J, Krogmann L. Transcriptome sequence-based phylogeny of chalcidoid wasps (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) reveals a history of rapid radiations, convergence, and evolutionary success. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2018; 120:286-296. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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6
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Darwell CT, Cook JM. Cryptic diversity in a fig wasp community-morphologically differentiated species are sympatric but cryptic species are parapatric. Mol Ecol 2017; 26:937-950. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.13985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. T. Darwell
- School of Biological Sciences; University of Reading; Reading RG6 6AS UK
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University; 1919-1 Tancha Onna-son Okinawa 904-0495 Japan
| | - J. M. Cook
- School of Biological Sciences; University of Reading; Reading RG6 6AS UK
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment; Western Sydney University; Locked Bag 1797 Penrith South DC NSW 1797 Australia
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Kergoat GJ, Toussaint EFA, Capdevielle-Dulac C, Clamens AL, Ong'amo G, Conlong D, van Den Berg J, Cugala D, Pallangyo B, Mubenga O, Chipabika G, Ndemah R, Sezonlin M, Bani G, Molo R, Ali A, Calatayud PA, Kaiser L, Silvain JF, Le Ru B. Integrative taxonomy reveals six new species related to the Mediterranean corn stalk borerSesamia nonagrioides(Lefèbvre) (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Sesamiina). Zool J Linn Soc 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gael J. Kergoat
- INRA - UMR 1062 CBGP (INRA, IRD, CIRAD, Montpellier SupAgro); 755 Avenue du campus Agropolis 34988 Montferrier/Lez France
| | | | - Claire Capdevielle-Dulac
- IRD/CNRS, Laboratoire Evolution Génomes et Spéciation; Avenue de la terrasse BP 1, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex France
- Université Paris-Sud 11; 91405 Orsay France
| | - Anne-Laure Clamens
- INRA - UMR 1062 CBGP (INRA, IRD, CIRAD, Montpellier SupAgro); 755 Avenue du campus Agropolis 34988 Montferrier/Lez France
| | - George Ong'amo
- School of Biological Science, College of Physical and Biological Sciences (Chiromo Campus); University of Nairobi; Nairobi Kenya
| | - Desmond Conlong
- South African Sugarcane Research Institute; Private Bag X02 Mount Edgecombe 4300 South Africa
- School of Biological and Conservation Sciences; University of KwaZulu-Natal; Private Bag X01 - Scottsville Pietermaritzburg Republic of South Africa
| | - Johnnie van Den Berg
- School of Environmental Sciences and Development; North West University (Potchefstroom Campus); Private Bag X6001 Potchefstroom 2520 Republic of South Africa
| | - Domingos Cugala
- Faculty of Agronomy and Forestry Engineering; Eduardo Mondlane University; Av. J. Nyerere, Campus Universitario 1 Maputo Republic of Mozambique
| | | | - Onesime Mubenga
- Faculté des Sciences agronomiques; Université de Kisangani; Kisangani Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Gilson Chipabika
- Zambia Agriculture Research Institute; Mount Maluku Central Research Station; PO Box 8 Chilanga Zambia
| | - Rose Ndemah
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture; PO Box 2008 - Messa Yaoundé Cameroon
| | - Michel Sezonlin
- Département de Zoologie et de Génétique; Faculté des Sciences et Techniques; Université d'Abomey-Calavi; 01 BP 526 Cotonou Bénin
| | - Gregoire Bani
- Centre de Recherches Agronomiques de Loudima (CRAL); BP 28 Loudima Republic of the Congo
| | - Richard Molo
- Namulonge Agricultural and Animal Production Research Institute (NAARI); PO Box 7084 Kampala Uganda
| | - Abdalla Ali
- Plant Protection Division; PO Box 1062 Zanzibar Tanzania
| | - Paul-Andre Calatayud
- IRD/CNRS, Laboratoire Evolution Génomes et Spéciation; Avenue de la terrasse BP 1, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex France
- Université Paris-Sud 11; 91405 Orsay France
- Unité de Recherche IRD 072; African Insect Science for Food and Health (icipe); PO Box 30772 Nairobi Kenya
| | - Laure Kaiser
- IRD/CNRS, Laboratoire Evolution Génomes et Spéciation; Avenue de la terrasse BP 1, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex France
- Université Paris-Sud 11; 91405 Orsay France
| | - Jean-Francois Silvain
- IRD/CNRS, Laboratoire Evolution Génomes et Spéciation; Avenue de la terrasse BP 1, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex France
- Université Paris-Sud 11; 91405 Orsay France
| | - Bruno Le Ru
- IRD/CNRS, Laboratoire Evolution Génomes et Spéciation; Avenue de la terrasse BP 1, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex France
- Université Paris-Sud 11; 91405 Orsay France
- Unité de Recherche IRD 072; African Insect Science for Food and Health (icipe); PO Box 30772 Nairobi Kenya
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Wang Q, Jiang ZF, Wang NX, Niu LM, Li Z, Huang DW. Host sex-specific parasites in a functionally dioecious fig: a preference way of adaptation to their hosts. Ecol Evol 2013; 3:2976-84. [PMID: 24101987 PMCID: PMC3790544 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Revised: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Host–parasites interaction is a common phenomenon in nature. Diffusive coevolution might maintain stable cooperation in a fig–fig wasps system, in which the exploiter might diversify their genotype, phenotype, or behavior as a result of competition with pollinator, whereas the figs change flower syconia, fruits thickness, and syconia structure. In functionally dioecious Ficus auriculata, male figs and female figs contain two types of florets on separate plant, and share high similarities in outside morphology. Apocryptophagus (Sycophaginae, Chalcidoidea, Hymenoptera) is one of few groups of nonpollinating fig wasps that can reproduce within both male and female figs. On the basis of the morphology and DNA barcoding, evidence from partial sequences of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I and nuclear internal transcribed spacer 2, we found that there are two nonsibling Apocryptophagus species living on male and female F. auriculata figs, respectively. We estimated that these two species diverged about 19.2 million years ago. Our study suggests that the host shift from Ficus variegate or Ficus prostrata fig species to male figs is a preference way for Apocryptophagus wasps to adapt to the separation of sexual function in diecious figs. Furthermore, to escape the disadvantage or sanction impact of the host, the exploiter Apocryptophagus wasps can preferably adapt to exploiting each sex of the figs, by changing their oviposition, niche shift, and habitat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China ; Cotton Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences Jinan, 250100, China
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Murray EA, Carmichael AE, Heraty JM. Ancient host shifts followed by host conservatism in a group of ant parasitoids. Proc Biol Sci 2013; 280:20130495. [PMID: 23554396 PMCID: PMC3619522 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2013.0495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2013] [Accepted: 03/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
While ant colonies serve as host to a diverse array of myrmecophiles, few parasitoids are able to exploit this vast resource. A notable exception is the wasp family Eucharitidae, which is the only family of insects known to exclusively parasitize ants. Worldwide, approximately 700 Eucharitidae species attack five subfamilies across the ant phylogeny. Our goal is to uncover the pattern of eucharitid diversification, including timing of key evolutionary events, biogeographic patterns and potential cophylogeny with ant hosts. We present the most comprehensive molecular phylogeny of Eucharitidae to date, including 44 of the 53 genera and fossil-calibrated estimates of divergence dates. Eucharitidae arose approximately 50 Ma after their hosts, during the time when the major ant lineages were already established and diversifying. We incorporate host association data to test for congruence between eucharitid and ant phylogenies and find that their evolutionary histories are more similar than expected at random. After a series of initial host shifts, clades within Eucharitidae maintained their host affinity. Even after multiple dispersal events to the New World and extensive speciation within biogeographic regions, eucharitids remain parasitic on the same ant subfamilies as their Old World relatives, suggesting host conservatism despite access to a diverse novel ant fauna.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Murray
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
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Wang B, Xiao JH, Bian SN, Niu LM, Murphy RW, Huang DW. Evolution and expression plasticity of opsin genes in a fig pollinator, Ceratosolen solmsi. PLoS One 2013; 8:e53907. [PMID: 23342036 PMCID: PMC3547053 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Figs and fig pollinators have co-evolved species-specific systems of mutualism. So far, it was unknown how visual opsin genes of pollinators have evolved in the light conditions inside their host figs. We cloned intact full-length mRNA sequences of four opsin genes from a species of fig pollinator, Ceratosolen solmsi, and tested for selective pressure and expressional plasticity of these genes. Molecular evolutionary analysis indicated that the four opsin genes evolved under different selective constraints. Subsets of codons in the two long wavelength sensitive opsin (LW1, LW2) genes were positively selected in ancestral fig pollinators. The ultraviolet sensitive opsin (UV) gene was under strong purifying selection, whereas a relaxation of selective constrains occurred on several amino acids in the blue opsin. RT-qPCR analysis suggested that female and male fig pollinators had different expression patterns possibly due to their distinct lifestyles and different responses to light within the syconia. Co-evolutionary history with figs might have influenced the evolution and expression plasticity of opsin genes in fig pollinators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Hua Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Sheng-Nan Bian
- Plant Protection College, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Li-Ming Niu
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, Hainan, China
| | - Robert W. Murphy
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Department of Natural History, Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Da-Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Plant Protection College, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- * E-mail:
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Segar ST, Lopez-Vaamonde C, Rasplus JY, Cook JM. The global phylogeny of the subfamily Sycoryctinae (Pteromalidae): Parasites of an obligate mutualism. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2012; 65:116-25. [PMID: 22683561 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2012.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2011] [Revised: 05/06/2012] [Accepted: 05/26/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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12
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McLeish MJ, Beukman G, van Noort S, Wossler TC. Host-plant species conservatism and ecology of a parasitoid fig wasp genus (Chalcidoidea; Sycoryctinae; Arachonia). PLoS One 2012; 7:e44804. [PMID: 22970309 PMCID: PMC3438170 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Parasitoid diversity in terrestrial ecosystems is enormous. However, ecological processes underpinning their evolutionary diversification in association with other trophic groups are still unclear. Specialisation and interdependencies among chalcid wasps that reproduce on Ficus presents an opportunity to investigate the ecology of a multi-trophic system that includes parasitoids. Here we estimate the host-plant species specificity of a parasitoid fig wasp genus that attacks the galls of non-pollinating pteromalid and pollinating agaonid fig wasps. We discuss the interactions between parasitoids and the Ficus species present in a forest patch of Uganda in context with populations in Southern Africa. Haplotype networks are inferred to examine intraspecific mitochondrial DNA divergences and phylogenetic approaches used to infer putative species relationships. Taxonomic appraisal and putative species delimitation by molecular and morphological techniques are compared. Results demonstrate that a parasitoid fig wasp population is able to reproduce on at least four Ficus species present in a patch. This suggests that parasitoid fig wasps have relatively broad host-Ficus species ranges compared to fig wasps that oviposit internally. Parasitoid fig wasps did not recruit on all available host plants present in the forest census area and suggests an important ecological consequence in mitigating fitness trade-offs between pollinator and Ficus reproduction. The extent to which parasitoid fig wasps exert influence on the pollination mutualism must consider the fitness consequences imposed by the ability to interact with phenotypes of multiple Ficus and fig wasps species, but not equally across space and time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J McLeish
- Plant Geography Laboratory, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy and Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan Province, China.
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Nyman T, Linder HP, Peña C, Malm T, Wahlberg N. Climate-driven diversity dynamics in plants and plant-feeding insects. Ecol Lett 2012; 15:889-98. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2012.01782.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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14
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Fontaneto D, Tang CQ, Obertegger U, Leasi F, Barraclough TG. Different Diversification Rates Between Sexual and Asexual Organisms. Evol Biol 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11692-012-9161-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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15
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McLeish MJ, van Noort S. Codivergence and multiple host species use by fig wasp populations of the Ficus pollination mutualism. BMC Evol Biol 2012; 12:1. [PMID: 22214193 PMCID: PMC3299616 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-12-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2011] [Accepted: 01/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The interaction between insects and plants takes myriad forms in the generation of spectacular diversity. In this association a species host range is fundamental and often measured using an estimate of phylogenetic concordance between species. Pollinating fig wasps display extreme host species specificity, but the intraspecific variation in empirical accounts of host affiliation has previously been underestimated. In this investigation, lineage delimitation and codiversification tests are used to generate and discuss hypotheses elucidating on pollinating fig wasp associations with Ficus. RESULTS Statistical parsimony and AMOVA revealed deep divergences at the COI locus within several pollinating fig wasp species that persist on the same host Ficus species. Changes in branching patterns estimated using the generalized mixed Yule coalescent test indicated lineage duplication on the same Ficus species. Conversely, Elisabethiella and Alfonsiella fig wasp species are able to reproduce on multiple, but closely related host fig species. Tree reconciliation tests indicate significant codiversification as well as significant incongruence between fig wasp and Ficus phylogenies. CONCLUSIONS The findings demonstrate more relaxed pollinating fig wasp host specificity than previously appreciated. Evolutionarily conservative host associations have been tempered by horizontal transfer and lineage duplication among closely related Ficus species. Independent and asynchronistic diversification of pollinating fig wasps is best explained by a combination of both sympatric and allopatric models of speciation. Pollinator host preference constraints permit reproduction on closely related Ficus species, but uncertainty of the frequency and duration of these associations requires better resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J McLeish
- Department of Botany and Zoology, DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Invasion Biology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | - Simon van Noort
- Natural History Department, Iziko South African Museum, PO Box 61, Cape Town, 8000, South Africa
- Department of Zoology, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa
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