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Sandvig HV, Aam S, Alme KN, Lydersen S, Magne Ueland P, Ulvik A, Wethal T, Saltvedt I, Knapskog AB. Neopterin, kynurenine metabolites, and indexes related to vitamin B6 are associated with post-stroke cognitive impairment: The Nor-COAST study. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 118:167-177. [PMID: 38428649 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS We have previously shown that systemic inflammation was associated with post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI). Because neopterin, kynurenine pathway (KP) metabolites, and B6 vitamers are linked to inflammation, in our study we investigated whether those biomarkers were associated with PSCI. MATERIAL AND METHODS The Norwegian Cognitive Impairment After Stroke study is a prospective multicenter cohort study of patients with acute stroke recruited from May 2015 through March 2017. Plasma samples of 422 participants (59 % male) with ischemic stroke from the index hospital stay and 3 months post-stroke were available for analyses of neopterin, KP metabolites, and B6 vitamers using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Mixed linear regression analyses adjusted for age, sex, and creatinine, were used to assess whether there were associations between those biomarkers and cognitive outcomes, measured by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment scale (MoCA) at 3-, 18-, and 36-month follow-up. RESULTS Participants had a mean (SD) age of 72 (12) years, with a mean (SD) National Institutes of HealthStroke Scale score of 2.7 (3.6) at Day 1. Higher baseline values of quinolinic acid, PAr (i.e., an inflammatory marker based on vitamin B6 metabolites), and HKr (i.e., a marker of functional vitamin B6 status based on selected KP metabolites) were associated with lower MoCA score at 3, 18, and 36 months post-stroke (p < 0.01). Higher baseline concentrations of neopterin and 3-hydroxykynurenine were associated with lower MoCA scores at 18 and 36 months, and higher concentrations of xanthurenic acid were associated with higher MoCA score at 36 months (p < 0.01). At 3 months post-stroke, higher concentrations of neopterin and lower values of pyridoxal 5́-phosphate were associated with lower MoCA scores at 18- and 36-month follow-up, while lower concentrations of picolinic acid were associated with a lower MoCA score at 36 months (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION Biomarkers and metabolites of systemic inflammation, including biomarkers of cellular immune activation, indexes of vitamin B6 homeostasis, and several neuroactive metabolites of the KP pathway, were associated with PSCI. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02650531.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Vihovde Sandvig
- Department of Medicine, Kristiansund Hospital, Møre og Romsdal Hospital Trust, Kristiansund, Norway; Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Stina Aam
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Geriatric Medicine, Clinic of Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Katinka N Alme
- Department of Internal Medicine, Haraldsplass Deaconess Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Stian Lydersen
- Department of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Arve Ulvik
- Bevital A/S, Laboratoriebygget, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Torgeir Wethal
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Stroke, Clinic of Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ingvild Saltvedt
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Geriatric Medicine, Clinic of Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Anne-Brita Knapskog
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevaal, Oslo, Norway
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Zhang Y, Yuan H, Peng M, Hu Z, Fan Z, Xu J, He L, Wang Y, Wang W, Su Y, Liu C, Zhang H, Zhao K. Folic acid deficiency damages male reproduction via endoplasmic reticulum stress-associated PERK pathway induced by Caveolin-1 in mice. Syst Biol Reprod Med 2021; 67:383-394. [PMID: 34474604 DOI: 10.1080/19396368.2021.1954724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Folic acid is critical to maintaining normal male reproductive function. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress plays a crucial role in folic acid deficiency. Studies have shown that Caveolin-1 (Cav-1) is involved in ER stress, but the specific mechanism in male reproduction is still unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of folic acid deficiency on spermatogenesis and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. C57BL/6 mice fed with folic acid deficiency induced diet(0.3 mg/kg) were used. A significant decrease in the sperm concentration in the folic acid deficiency group was observed. Meanwhile, folic acid deficiency decreased Cav-1 expression in the testis tissue and increased endoplasmic reticulum stress-related PERK, eIF2α, ATF4, CHOP gene expression. Our results suggest that folic acid deficiency can affect male reproduction through the Cav-1-PERK-eIFα-ATF4-CHOP pathway.Abbreviations: ATF4: activating transcription factor 4; Ca2+: calcium ion; Cav-1: Caveolin-1; CCK-8: cell counting kit-8; CHOP: CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein homologous protein; DNA: Deoxyribonucleic acid; DSB: double strand breakage; eIF2α: eukaryotic Initiation Factor 2 alpha; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; FD: folic acid deficiency; FITC: fluorescein isothiocyanate; HE: hematoxylin and eosin; H3K4me3: histone H3 lysine 4 trimethylation; PERK: protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase; PI: propidium iodide; RT-qPCR: quantitative reverse transcription PCR; TUNEL: TdT mediated dUTP Nick End Labeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongfang Yuan
- Department of Obstetrics And Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Meilin Peng
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiyong Hu
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zunpan Fan
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jia Xu
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Liting He
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongfeng Wang
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yufang Su
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chunyan Liu
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huiping Zhang
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kai Zhao
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Hu C, Wang P, Yang Y, Li J, Jiao X, Yu H, Wei Y, Li J, Qin Y. Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia Participates in the Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis and Perturbs the Formation of Intestinal Microbiota. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:560201. [PMID: 34277461 PMCID: PMC8281814 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.560201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) is the prominent signature of highly prevalent obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) pathophysiology, which leads to increased risk and aggravation of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. However, whether intestinal microbiota is implicated in the mechanisms linking CIH to arteriosclerosis (AS) pathogenesis remains unclear. The association of CIH with the development of altered gut microbiota (GM) may provide the opportunity to develop preventive strategies for atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk reduction. Animal models of apolipoprotein E-deficient (apoE-/-) mice treated with high-fat diet (HFD) and subjected to CIH conditions was applied to mimic the AS observed in patients with OSA. The physiological status and atherosclerotic lesion formation were confirmed by histological analysis. 16S rDNA sequencing of fecal samples was conducted to determine the changes in gut microbial composition. Morphometric analysis demonstrated that CIH caused aggravated atherosclerotic lesions and facilitated AS in apoE-/- mice treated with HFD. The gut bacteria was significantly varied in AS and AS+CIH mice compared with that in the control mice. Significantly perturbed GM profiles were detected in AS mice with and without CIH, with altered microbial α- and β- diversity and shifts in bacterial compositions at phylum and genus levels. While the difference between AS and AS+CIH was observed at different bacteria taxa levels. Aggravation of reduced Sutterella and increased Halomonas, Halomonadaceae and Oceanospirillales was noted in CIH-treated AS mice. The correlation of intestinal bacterial parameters with pathological changes in artery indicated complicated interactions under CIH-induced GM dysbiosis. Furthermore, the gut microbial functions in the potential ability of replication recombination and repair proteins, glycan biosynthesis and metabolism, as well as metabolism of cofactors and vitamins were identified to be further suppressed by CIH. Our findings demonstrated a causal effect of CIH on GM alterations in AS mice and suggested that the disordered GM features in AS development were deteriorated by CIH, which may be associated with AS aggravation. Preventative strategies targeting gut microbiome are highly recommended for intervention of OSA-related AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaowei Hu
- Key Laboratory of Upper Airway Dysfunction-related Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Pan Wang
- Heart Center & Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yunyun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Upper Airway Dysfunction-related Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Remodeling-related Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Li
- Key Laboratory of Upper Airway Dysfunction-related Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Remodeling-related Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolu Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Upper Airway Dysfunction-related Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Remodeling-related Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Huahui Yu
- Key Laboratory of Upper Airway Dysfunction-related Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Remodeling-related Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yongxiang Wei
- Key Laboratory of Upper Airway Dysfunction-related Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China.,Otolaryngological Department of Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Li
- Heart Center & Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanwen Qin
- Key Laboratory of Upper Airway Dysfunction-related Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Remodeling-related Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China
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Zheng X, Guo D, Peng H, Zhong C, Bu X, Xu T, Zhu Z, Wang A, Chen J, Xu T, Peng Y, Li Q, Ju Z, Geng D, He J, Zhang Y. Platelet counts affect the prognostic value of homocysteine in acute ischemic stroke patients. Atherosclerosis 2019; 285:163-169. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2019.04.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Aspirin-intolerant asthma: a comprehensive review of biomarkers and pathophysiology. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2014. [PMID: 23184151 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-012-8340-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease is a tetrad of nasal polyps, chronic hypertrophic eosinophilic sinusitis, asthma, and sensitivity to aspirin. Unawareness of this clinical condition by patients and physicians may have grave consequences because of its association with near-fatal asthma. The pathogenesis of aspirin-intolerant asthma is not related with an immunoglobin E mechanism, but with an abnormal metabolism of the lipoxygenase (LO) and cyclooxygenase (COX) pathways. At present, a diagnosis of aspirin sensitivity can be established only by provocative aspirin challenge, which represents a health risk for the patient. This circumstance has encouraged the search for aspirin intolerance-specific biomarkers. Major attempts have focused on mediators related with inflammation and eicosanoid regulation. The use of modern laboratory techniques including high-throughput methods has facilitated the detection of dozens of biological metabolites associated with aspirin-intolerant asthma disease. Not surprisingly, the majority of these is implicated in the LO and COX pathways. However, substantial amounts of data reveal the participation of many genes deriving from different ontologies. Biomarkers may represent a powerful, noninvasive tool in the diagnosis of aspirin sensitivity; moreover, they could provide a new way to classify asthma phenotypes.
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Shipman M, Lubick K, Fouchard D, Gurram R, Grieco P, Jutila M, Dratz EA. Proteomic and systems biology analysis of the monocyte response to Coxiella burnetii infection. PLoS One 2013; 8:e69558. [PMID: 23990884 PMCID: PMC3749201 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 06/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Coxiella burnetii is an obligate intracellular bacterial pathogen and the causative agent of Q fever. Chronic Q fever can produce debilitating fatigue and C. burnetii is considered a significant bioterror threat. C. burnetii occupies the monocyte phagolysosome and although prior work has explained features of the host-pathogen interaction, many aspects are still poorly understood. We have conducted a proteomic investigation of human Monomac I cells infected with the Nine Mile Phase II strain of C. burnetii and used the results as a framework for a systems biology model of the host response. Our principal methodology was multiplex differential 2D gel electrophoresis using ZDyes, a new generation of covalently linked fluorescent protein detection dyes under development at Montana State University. The 2D gel analysis facilitated the detection of changes in posttranslational modifications on intact proteins in response to infection. The systems model created from our data a framework for the design of experiments to seek a deeper understanding of the host-pathogen interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matt Shipman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Kirk Lubick
- Department of Veterinary Molecular Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, United States of America
| | - David Fouchard
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, United States of America
| | - Rajani Gurram
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, United States of America
| | - Paul Grieco
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, United States of America
| | - Mark Jutila
- Department of Veterinary Molecular Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, United States of America
| | - Edward A. Dratz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, United States of America
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Prandota J. Migraine Associated with Patent Foramen Ovale May Be Caused by Reactivation of Cerebral Toxoplasmosis Triggered by Arterial Blood Oxygen Desaturation. Int J Neurosci 2010; 120:81-7. [DOI: 10.3109/00207450903458647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Lazzerini PE, Capecchi PL, Selvi E, Lorenzini S, Bisogno S, Galeazzi M, Laghi Pasini F. Hyperhomocysteinemia, inflammation and autoimmunity. Autoimmun Rev 2007; 6:503-9. [PMID: 17643940 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2007.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2007] [Revised: 03/06/2007] [Accepted: 03/07/2007] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Hyperhomocysteinemia is independently associated with the development of coronary, cerebral and peripheral vascular disease and deep-vein thrombosis in the general population. The evidence that cardiovascular involvement is particularly frequent and advanced in patients affected with several autoimmune diseases (AD), in which hyperhomocysteinemia represent a common finding, led to an intensive investigation on homocysteine (Hcy) as a putative risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease in such subjects. Indeed, recent data intriguingly expanded the spectrum of the possible pathogenetic implications for hyperhomocysteinemia in the course of AD. In fact, a bi-directional link seems to connect Hcy and the immuno-inflammatory activation characterizing AD, in which immuno-inflammatory activation may contribute to Hcy increase, and Hcy, in its turn, may act as a pro-inflammatory and immuno-stimulating molecule putatively cooperating to the injury of the disease-specific target organs, at least in rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease. Moreover, Hcy may be also a trigger of autoimmune reactions through its capability to bind and structurally modify specific proteins, then resulting in neoantigens formation potentially relevant either in the onset of specific AD and in the progression of the associated cardiovascular damage. More investigation is necessary to fully define the clinical relevance of such phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Enea Lazzerini
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Immunological Sciences, Division of Clinical Immunology, University of Siena, Italy.
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Schroecksnadel K, Weiss G, Stanger O, Teerlink T, Fuchs D. Increased asymmetric dimethylarginine concentrations in stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Scand J Immunol 2007; 65:525-9. [PMID: 17523944 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2007.01935.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Elevated concentrations of total homocysteine as well as of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) in the blood have been reported to reflect an increased cardiovascular risk. ADMA is formed by endothelial cells and is an endogenous inhibitor of NO synthase. Earlier we have found that human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) produce homocysteine upon stimulation with mitogens concanavalin A, phytohaemagglutinin and pokeweed mitogen. In this study, the ability of PBMC to form ADMA and symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) was determined. Effects were compared with levels of cysteine, homocysteine and arginine in cultures. Increased concentrations of ADMA and SDMA were found in mitogen-stimulated compared with unstimulated PBMC. Arginine and cysteine concentrations did not differ between stimulated and unstimulated PBMC. There existed significant associations between concentrations of homocysteine and ADMA (Spearman rank correlation (rs) = 0.575) as well as SDMA (rs = 0.436, both P < 0.001). Treatment of stimulated PBMC with the anti-inflammatory compounds salicylic acid (5 mm) and atorvastatin (25 microm) decreased the rate of ADMA and SDMA formation. Results of these in vitro studies show that ADMA and SDMA formation coincides with homocysteine production in human PBMC. Activated PBMC not only release Th1-type cytokine gamma-interferon, which is the most important inducer of nitric oxide synthase, but also ADMA, a natural inhibitor of the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Schroecksnadel
- Division of Biological Chemistry, Biocentre, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
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Schroecksnadel K, Frick B, Winkler C, Wirleitner B, Weiss G, Fuchs D. Atorvastatin suppresses homocysteine formation in stimulated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Clin Chem Lab Med 2006; 43:1373-6. [PMID: 16309375 DOI: 10.1515/cclm.2005.234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Hyperhomocysteinemia is regarded as an independent risk factor for vascular diseases, and homocysteine is supposed to contribute to oxidative stress and endothelial damage. Statin therapy is an established intervention to reduce the risk of acute events in patients suffering from cardiovascular diseases. Apart from their lipid-lowering capacity, statins also exert anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. As cellular immune activation and oxidative stress play a major role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases, the anti-inflammatory capacity of statins could partly be responsible for the beneficial effects observed in patients. Earlier we reported that stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) release homocysteine. Here we studied the influence of atorvastatin on homocysteine production in stimulated PBMCs and compared changes in cysteine concentrations and in neopterin production, which is a sensitive indicator of cellular immune activation. Stimulation of human PBMCs with the mitogens concanavalin A and phytohemagglutinin induced significant homocysteine and neopterin production compared to unstimulated cells, whereas cysteine concentrations remained unchanged. Treatment of PBMCs with increasing doses of atorvastatin (10-100 microM) suppressed both biochemical pathways in a dose-dependent manner, and cell proliferation was inhibited in parallel. Again, cysteine levels were not influenced by any treatment. The down-regulating effect of atorvastatin on homocysteine formation in vitro indicates that statins may prevent homocysteine accumulation in the blood via immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Schroecksnadel
- Division of Biological Chemistry, Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical University, and Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of AIDS Research, Innsbruck, Austria
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Schroecksnadel K, Winkler C, Wirleitner B, Schennach H, Weiss G, Fuchs D. Anti-inflammatory compound resveratrol suppresses homocysteine formation in stimulated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro. Clin Chem Lab Med 2005; 43:1084-8. [PMID: 16197302 DOI: 10.1515/cclm.2005.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractInflammation, immune activation and oxidative stress play a major role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disorders. In addition to markers of inflammation, moderate hyperhomocysteinemia is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease, and there is a link between the activation of immunocompetent cells and the enhanced formation of homocysteine in vitro. Likewise, anti-inflammatory drugs and nutrients rich in antioxidant vitamins are able to reduce cardiovascular risk and to slow down the atherogenic process. Resveratrol, a phenolic antioxidant synthesized in grapes and vegetables and present in wine, has also been supposed to be beneficial for the prevention of cardiovascular events. Apart from its strong antioxidant properties, resveratrol has also been demonstrated to act as an anti-inflammatory agent. In this study the influence of resveratrol on the production of homocysteine by stimulated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was investigated. Results were compared to earlier described effects of the anti-inflammatory compounds aspirin and salicylic acid and of the lipid-lowering drug atorvastatin. Stimulation of PBMCs with the mitogens concanavalin A and phytohemagglutinin induced significantly higher homocysteine accumulation in supernatants compared with unstimulated cells. Treatment with 10–100μM resveratrol suppressed homocysteine formation in a dose-dependent manner. Resveratrol did not influence the release of homocysteine from resting PBMCs. The data suggest that resveratrol may prevent homocysteine accumulation in the blood by suppressing immune activation cascades and the proliferation of mitogen-driven T-cells. The effect of resveratrol to down-regulate the release of homo-cysteine was comparable to the decline of neopterin concentrations in the same experiments. The suppressive effect of resveratrol was very similar to results obtained earlier with aspirin, salicylic acid and atorvastatin; however, it appeared that doses of compounds needed to reduce homocysteine levels to 50% of stimulated cells were always slightly lower than those necessary to achieve the same effect on neopterin concentrations. The influence of resveratrol and of all the other compounds on homocysteine production appears to be independent of any direct effect on homocysteine biochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Schroecksnadel
- Division of Biological Chemistry, Biocentre, Innsbruck Medical University, and Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of AIDS-Research, Innsbruck, Austria
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