1
|
Ye X, Yi Q, Shao J, Zhang Y, Zha M, Yang Q, Xia W, Ye Z, Song P. Trends in Prevalence of Hypertension and Hypertension Phenotypes Among Chinese Children and Adolescents Over Two Decades (1991-2015). Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:627741. [PMID: 34046436 PMCID: PMC8144307 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.627741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Hypertension is a leading cause of cardiovascular-related morbidity and mortality. Elevated blood pressure (BP) in children is related to long-term adverse health effects. Until recently, few studies have reported the secular trend and associated factors of hypertension phenotypes in Chinese children and adolescents. Methods: From the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) 1991-2015, a total of 15,143 records of children aged 7-17 years old were included. Following definitions of hypertension from the Chinese Child Blood Pressure References Collaborative Group, we estimated the prevalence of prehypertension, hypertension, stage 1 hypertension, stage 2 hypertension and its phenotypes (ISH, isolated systolic hypertension; IDH, isolated diastolic hypertension; SDH, combined systolic and diastolic hypertension). General estimation equation was used to analyze the trends in the prevalence of hypertension and hypertension phenotypes, and a multivariable logistic regression was constructed to explore the associated factors. Results: During 1991-2015, increasing trends were revealed in BP and hypertension prevalence (P < 0.001) in Chinese children and adolescents. For ISH, IDH and SDH, the age-standardized prevalence increased dramatically from 0.9 to 2.2%, from 6.2 to 14.1%, and from 1.4 to 2.9%, respectively (all P < 0.001). Adolescents aged 13-17 years (OR = 1.76, 95% CI: 1.56-1.97, P < 0.001), general obesity (OR = 2.69, 95% CI: 2.10-3.44, P < 0.001) and central obesity (OR = 1.49, 95% CI: 1.21-1.83, P < 0.001) were positively associated with hypertension, whereas the South region (OR = 0.65, 95% CI: 0.58-0.73, P < 0.001) was a negative factor. Furthermore, body mass index (BMI) and general obesity were linked to the presence of ISH, IDH and SDH. Age, waist circumference (WC) and central obesity were additionally associated with ISH, and sex, age, urban/rural setting, North/South region, WC and central obesity were additionally associated with IDH. Conclusion: BP levels and prevalence of hypertension and phenotypes increased dramatically in Chinese children and adolescents from 1991 to 2015. Regional discrepancy, demographic features, BMI, WC and overweight/obesity status were associated factors of hypertension among youths.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Ye
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qian Yi
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Shao
- School of Nursing, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mingming Zha
- Medical School Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qingwen Yang
- Medical School Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Xia
- School of Nursing, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhihong Ye
- School of Nursing, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peige Song
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yoo SJ, Park WJ, Lee K, Lim HS, Kim HJ, Lee SH. Analysis of the change of health status among the republic of Korea air force soldiers during military service. J Prev Med Public Health 2014; 47:230-5. [PMID: 25139169 PMCID: PMC4162117 DOI: 10.3961/jpmph.2014.47.4.230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate whether the health status of Republic of Korea Air Force (ROKAF) soldiers changed after one year of military service. Methods: We selected 483 ROKAF soldiers from the 11 749 recruits who participated in the 2011 physical examination. The selected soldiers underwent another physical examination in 2012 for advancement to senior airman. Data from 2011 and 2012 were merged. To collect data on lifestyle, a questionnaire was sent to all included subjects via the military intranet e-mail service. Results: The percentage of recruits with an abnormal alanine transaminase level (normal range <40 IU/L) decreased from recruitment (13.7%) to the following year (2.7%). Moreover, the percentage of obese soldiers (body mass index ≥25 kg/m2) decreased from recruitment (20.5%) to the following year (10.4%). There was a significant change in mean duration of exercise carried out each day before (0.8±1.3 hours) and after (1.0±0.7 hours) joining the ROKAF service. Conclusions: These ROKAF soldiers were generally in good health before and after joining the armed service. After one year of military service, the health status of most soldiers improved, especially with respect to body mass index and alanine transaminase level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seok-Ju Yoo
- Aerospace Medical Center, Republic of Korea Air Force, Cheongju, Korea ; Department of Preventive Medicine, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju, Korea
| | - Won-Ju Park
- Aerospace Medical Center, Republic of Korea Air Force, Cheongju, Korea ; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Korea
| | - Kwan Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju, Korea
| | - Hyun-Sul Lim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju, Korea
| | - Hyun-Jin Kim
- Aerospace Medical Center, Republic of Korea Air Force, Cheongju, Korea ; Department of Family Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Suk-Ho Lee
- Aerospace Medical Center, Republic of Korea Air Force, Cheongju, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Matsumoto A, Vasiliou V, Kawamoto T, Tanaka K, Ichiba M. Ethanol reduces lifespan, body weight, and serum alanine aminotransferase level of aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 knockout mouse. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2014; 38:1883-93. [PMID: 24930774 DOI: 10.1111/acer.12462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (Aldh2) knockout mouse is an animal model of a polymorphism at the human ALDH2 locus (ALDH2*2). To detect differences in the basic phenotype of this animal model, lifespan, body weight (BW), and serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level were evaluated. METHODS Aldh2(+/+) , Aldh2(+/-) , and Aldh2(-/-) mice were maintained, from 10 weeks of age, on standard solid food, with liquid supplied as ethanol (EtOH) solution at a concentration of 0 to 20% (forced EtOH consumption). RESULTS For animals provided with water (without EtOH), mice of the distinct genotypes exhibited no difference in lifespan, with the mean values ranging from 90 to 96 weeks for female mice and 97 to 105 weeks for male mice. For animals provided with EtOH, there was a dose-dependent reduction of lifespan in Aldh2(-/-) mice with p for trend <0.001. For example, the mean lifespans of the Aldh2(-/-) females in the 0, 3, 10, and 20% groups were 95, 85, 70, and 29 weeks, respectively. No influence on lifespan was found for Aldh2(+/+) and Aldh2(+/-) mice. BW and ALT level of Aldh2(-/-) mice were significantly lower than those of Aldh2(+/+) mice when the mice were treated with EtOH. While multiple regression analysis suggested that the BW and ALT level in Aldh2(-/-) mice correlated with lifespan, adjustment for EtOH concentration revealed that this correlation was not significant (i.e., reflected EtOH dependence). CONCLUSIONS Aldh2(-/-) mice were unchanged in terms of their basic phenotype under standard laboratory conditions. However, chronic EtOH administration (forced consumption) in these mice resulted in dose-dependent reductions in lifespan, BW, and serum ALT level.
Collapse
|
4
|
Ozer JS, Chetty R, Kenna G, Palandra J, Zhang Y, Lanevschi A, Koppiker N, Souberbielle BE, Ramaiah SK. Enhancing the utility of alanine aminotransferase as a reference standard biomarker for drug-induced liver injury. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2010; 56:237-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2009.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2009] [Revised: 10/28/2009] [Accepted: 11/03/2009] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
5
|
Cepelak I, Dodig S, Romic D, Ruljancic N, Popovic-Grle S, Malic A. Enzyme Catalytic Activities in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Arch Med Res 2006; 37:624-9. [PMID: 16740433 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2006.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2005] [Accepted: 01/27/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Altered muscle amino acid metabolism resulting in skeletal muscle dysfunction is one of the systemic effects of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) associated with systemic oxidative stress and inflammation. The aim of the study was to investigate the existence and extent of changes in the activities of the enzymes catalyzing transamination reactions (aminotransferases), the enzyme involved in bone rearrangement (alkaline phosphatase), and the enzyme reflecting hypoxia that is characteristic of these patients (lactate dehydrogenase). In addition, the effect of cigarette smoking on these enzyme activities was also assessed. METHODS Enzyme activities such as alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyltransferase and lactate dehydrogenase were determined by standard analysis in sera of 29 COPD patients (FEV(1) = 46.6 +/- 12.1%) and 58 healthy subjects (21 nonsmokers, 17 ex-smokers and 20 smokers). RESULTS The activity of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase was significantly decreased, and the activity of lactate dehydrogenase increased in sera of COPD patients as compared with the group of healthy nonsmokers. According to centile values, the activity of alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyltransferase and lactate dehydrogenase was increased in 50, 5, and 50% of COPD patients, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Study results revealed significant changes in the activities of transamination enzymes in patient sera, thus supporting the reports on altered amino acid metabolism in skeletal muscle in COPD. The elevated activity of alkaline phosphatase provides additional evidence for altered bone rearrangement in these patients. Smoking was not found to have any major effect on these enzyme activities in the present study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Cepelak
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Hematology, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Brinkmann T, Dreier J, Diekmann J, Götting C, Klauke R, Schumann G, Kleesiek K. Alanine aminotransferase cut-off values for blood donor screening using the new International Federation of Clinical Chemistry reference method at 37 degrees C. Vox Sang 2005; 85:159-64. [PMID: 14516445 DOI: 10.1046/j.1423-0410.2003.00347.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) determination is recommended, or even required by law, in the screening of blood donors in many countries, and donors with an increased catalytic activity of ALT are excluded from blood donation. In most countries, the ALT cut-off value for blood donor screening for men and women is twice the upper limit of the normal range. The introduction, in 2002, of the new International Federation of Clinical Chemistry (IFCC) reference method, performed at 37 degrees C, required new ALT reference values to be established for healthy individuals and a new cut-off point to be determined for blood donor screening. MATERIALS AND METHODS We compared ALT values of donor blood units using the previous German standard method, which measures ALT values at 25 degrees C, and the new IFCC reference procedure, where ALT levels are measured at 37 degrees C. RESULTS We found a linear correlation between the ALT values obtained by the method at 25 degrees C and the new IFCC reference method (37 degrees C) (r = 0.983), and a gender- and age-independent ratio of 0.523. Using this ratio we calculated the new ALT cut-off for blood donations and now propose a new upper limit of 132 U/l (2.20 microkat/l) for men and 86 U/l (1.43 microkat/l) for women. Only 220 of 151 678 blood donations collected over a period of 5 years showed an ALT value higher than the cut-off. None were hepatitis C virus (HCV) positive in serological or nucleic acid amplification technology (NAT) assays. Only 0.006% of all blood donations were positive for antibody to HCV and thus excluded. CONCLUSIONS With the implementation of the new IFCC reference method for ALT determination at 37 degrees C, we propose a new ALT cut-off for blood donor screening, which, for men, is about three times the upper limit of the normal range and for women about 2.5 times. Our results show that a lower cut-off would probably not yield a higher safety of blood products in terms of detecting viral infections, but would result in a loss of approximately 0.75% of suitable blood donors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Brinkmann
- Institut für Laboratoriums- und Transfusionsmedizin, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum Nordrhein-Westfalen, Universitätsklinik der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|