1
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Palmer WH, Norman PJ. The impact of HLA polymorphism on herpesvirus infection and disease. Immunogenetics 2023; 75:231-247. [PMID: 36595060 PMCID: PMC10205880 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-022-01288-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Human Leukocyte Antigens (HLA) are cell surface molecules, central in coordinating innate and adaptive immune responses, that are targets of strong diversifying natural selection by pathogens. Of these pathogens, human herpesviruses have a uniquely ancient relationship with our species, where coevolution likely has reciprocating impact on HLA and viral genomic diversity. Consistent with this notion, genetic variation at multiple HLA loci is strongly associated with modulating immunity to herpesvirus infection. Here, we synthesize published genetic associations of HLA with herpesvirus infection and disease, both from case/control and genome-wide association studies. We analyze genetic associations across the eight human herpesviruses and identify HLA alleles that are associated with diverse herpesvirus-related phenotypes. We find that whereas most HLA genetic associations are virus- or disease-specific, HLA-A*01 and HLA-A*02 allotypes may be more generally associated with immune susceptibility and control, respectively, across multiple herpesviruses. Connecting genetic association data with functional corroboration, we discuss mechanisms by which diverse HLA and cognate receptor allotypes direct variable immune responses during herpesvirus infection and pathogenesis. Together, this review examines the complexity of HLA-herpesvirus interactions driven by differential T cell and Natural Killer cell immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- William H. Palmer
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO USA
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Paul J. Norman
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO USA
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO USA
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2
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Epidemiology of Kaposi's Sarcoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13225692. [PMID: 34830846 PMCID: PMC8616388 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13225692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Kaposi's sarcoma is an angioproliferative tumor caused by human herpesvirus 8 in the context of immunodeficiency, such as that induced by HIV infection or immunosuppressive therapy. Its incidence has dramatically fallen in patients living with HIV (PLHIV) since the introduction of potent antiretroviral combinations 25 years ago due to the restoration of immunity and better control of HIV replication. However, KS is still one of the most frequently occurring cancers in PLHIV, in particular in men who have sex with men and in sub-Saharan Africa, where it is still endemic. Even in the context of restored immunity, the risk of KS is still more than 30 times higher in PLHIV than in the general population. Recent evidence indicates that early initiation of antiretroviral treatment, which is recommended by current guidelines, may reduce the risk of KS but it needs to be accompanied by early access to care. This review mainly focuses on the recent epidemiological features of KS in the context of HIV infection.
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Blumenthal MJ, Cornejo Castro EM, Whitby D, Katz AA, Schäfer G. Evidence for altered host genetic factors in KSHV infection and KSHV-related disease development. Rev Med Virol 2020; 31:e2160. [PMID: 33043529 PMCID: PMC8047912 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is the etiological agent of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), the most common AIDS-related malignancy. It also causes other rare, but certainly underreported, KSHV-associated pathologies, namely primary effusion lymphoma, multicentric Castleman disease and KSHV inflammatory cytokine syndrome. Epidemiology and pathogenicity studies point to the potential for host genetic predisposition to KSHV infection and/or the subsequent development of KSHV-associated pathologies partly explaining the peculiar geographic and population-specific incidence of KSHV and associated pathologies and discrepancies in KSHV exposure and infection and KSHV infection and disease development. This review consolidates the current knowledge of host genetic factors involved in the KSHV-driven pathogenesis. Studies reviewed here indicate a plausible connection between KSHV susceptibility and host genetic factors that affect either viral access to host cells via entry mechanisms or host innate immunity to viral infection. Subsequent to infection, KSHV-associated pathogenesis, reviewed here primarily in the context of KS, is likely influenced by an orchestrated concert of innate immune system interactions, downstream inflammatory pathways and oncogenic mechanisms. The association studies reviewed here point to interesting candidate genes that may prove important in achieving a more nuanced understanding of the pathogenesis and therapeutic targeting of KSHV and associated diseases. Recent studies on host genetic factors suggest numerous candidate genes strongly associated with KSHV infection or subsequent disease development, particularly innate immune system mediators. Taken together, these contribute toward our understanding of the geographic prevalence and population susceptibility to KSHV and KSHV-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa J Blumenthal
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Cape Town, South Africa.,Division of Medical Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Elena Maria Cornejo Castro
- Viral Oncology Section, AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Denise Whitby
- Viral Oncology Section, AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Arieh A Katz
- Division of Medical Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Georgia Schäfer
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Cape Town, South Africa.,Division of Medical Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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4
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Sallah N, Miley W, Labo N, Carstensen T, Fatumo S, Gurdasani D, Pollard MO, Dilthey AT, Mentzer AJ, Marshall V, Cornejo Castro EM, Pomilla C, Young EH, Asiki G, Hibberd ML, Sandhu M, Kellam P, Newton R, Whitby D, Barroso I. Distinct genetic architectures and environmental factors associate with host response to the γ2-herpesvirus infections. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3849. [PMID: 32737300 PMCID: PMC7395761 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17696-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) and Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) establish life-long infections and are associated with malignancies. Striking geographic variation in incidence and the fact that virus alone is insufficient to cause disease, suggests other co-factors are involved. Here we present epidemiological analysis and genome-wide association study (GWAS) in 4365 individuals from an African population cohort, to assess the influence of host genetic and non-genetic factors on virus antibody responses. EBV/KSHV co-infection (OR = 5.71(1.58-7.12)), HIV positivity (OR = 2.22(1.32-3.73)) and living in a more rural area (OR = 1.38(1.01-1.89)) are strongly associated with immunogenicity. GWAS reveals associations with KSHV antibody response in the HLA-B/C region (p = 6.64 × 10-09). For EBV, associations are identified for VCA (rs71542439, p = 1.15 × 10-12). Human leucocyte antigen (HLA) and trans-ancestry fine-mapping substantiate that distinct variants in HLA-DQA1 (p = 5.24 × 10-44) are driving associations for EBNA-1 in Africa. This study highlights complex interactions between KSHV and EBV, in addition to distinct genetic architectures resulting in important differences in pathogenesis and transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neneh Sallah
- The Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK. .,London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK. .,London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
| | - Wendell Miley
- Viral Oncology Section, AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Nazzarena Labo
- Viral Oncology Section, AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Tommy Carstensen
- The Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Segun Fatumo
- The Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK.,London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.,MRC/UVRI at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Deepti Gurdasani
- The Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK.,Queen Mary University London, London, UK
| | - Martin O Pollard
- The Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alexander T Dilthey
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Alexander J Mentzer
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Vickie Marshall
- Viral Oncology Section, AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Elena M Cornejo Castro
- Viral Oncology Section, AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Cristina Pomilla
- The Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Elizabeth H Young
- The Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Gershim Asiki
- African Population and Health Research Center, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | | | - Paul Kellam
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Kymab Ltd, Babraham Research Complex, Cambridge, UK
| | - Robert Newton
- MRC/UVRI at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Denise Whitby
- Viral Oncology Section, AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Inês Barroso
- The Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK. .,MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. .,Exeter Centre of ExcEllence in Diabetes (ExCEED), University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK.
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5
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Rinne SJ, Sipilä LJ, Sulo P, Jouanguy E, Béziat V, Abel L, Casanova JL, Parvaneh N, Balighi K, Guttman-Yassky E, Sarid R, Aaltonen LA, Aavikko M. Candidate Predisposition Variants in Kaposi Sarcoma as Detected by Whole-Genome Sequencing. Open Forum Infect Dis 2019; 6:ofz337. [PMID: 31660331 PMCID: PMC6778425 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofz337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Familial clustering of classic Kaposi sarcoma (CKS) is rare with, approximately 100 families reported to date. We studied 2 consanguineous families, 1 Iranian and 1 Israeli, with multiple cases of adult CKS and without overt underlying immunodeficiency. We performed genome-wide linkage analysis and whole-genome sequencing to discover the putative genetic cause for predisposition. A 9-kb homozygous intronic deletion in RP11-259O2.1 in the Iranian family and 2 homozygous variants, 1 in SCUBE2 and the other in CDHR5, in the Israeli family were identified as possible candidates. The presented variants provide a robust starting point for validation in independent samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanni J Rinne
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program and, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lauri J Sipilä
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program and, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Päivi Sulo
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program and, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Emmanuelle Jouanguy
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR-1163, Paris, France.,University Paris Descartes, Imagine Institute, Paris, France.,St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, New York
| | - Vivien Béziat
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR-1163, Paris, France.,University Paris Descartes, Imagine Institute, Paris, France.,St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, New York
| | - Laurent Abel
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR-1163, Paris, France.,University Paris Descartes, Imagine Institute, Paris, France.,St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, New York
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR-1163, Paris, France.,University Paris Descartes, Imagine Institute, Paris, France.,St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, New York.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, New York.,Pediatric Hematology-Immunology Unit, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
| | - Nima Parvaneh
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, , Tehran, Iran.,Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamran Balighi
- Department of Dermatology, Razi Hospital, and, Tehran, Iran.,Autoimmune Bullous Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Emma Guttman-Yassky
- Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,Laboratory for Inflammatory Skin Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Ronit Sarid
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences & Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology Institute, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Lauri A Aaltonen
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program and, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mervi Aavikko
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program and, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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6
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Cornejo Castro EM, Morrison BJ, Marshall VA, Labo N, Miley WJ, Clements N, Nelson G, Ndom P, Stolka K, Hemingway-Foday JJ, Abassora M, Gao X, Smith JS, Carrington M, Whitby D. Relationship between human leukocyte antigen alleles and risk of Kaposi's sarcoma in Cameroon. Genes Immun 2019; 20:684-689. [PMID: 31105266 DOI: 10.1038/s41435-019-0077-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Several studies published to date report associations between human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles and different types of Kaposi's Sarcoma (KS). However, there is little concordance between the HLA alleles identified and the populations studied. To test whether HLA alleles associate with KS in a Cameroonian case-control study, we performed high-resolution HLA typing in KSHV seropositive individuals. Among HIV-positive individuals, carriers of HLA-B*14:01 were at a significantly higher risk of AIDS-KS (p = 0.033). For HIV-negative patients, a gene-wise comparison of allele frequencies identified the HLA-B (p = 0.008) and -DQA1 (p = 0.002) loci as possible risk factors for endemic KS. Our study provides additional understanding of genetic determinants of KS and their implications in disease pathogenesis. Further validation of these findings is needed to define the functional relevance of these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena M Cornejo Castro
- Viral Oncology Section, AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Brian J Morrison
- Viral Oncology Section, AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Vickie A Marshall
- Viral Oncology Section, AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Nazzarena Labo
- Viral Oncology Section, AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Wendell J Miley
- Viral Oncology Section, AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Nathan Clements
- Viral Oncology Section, AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - George Nelson
- CCR Collaborative Bioinformatics Resource (CCBR), Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Advanced Biomedical Computational Science, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | | | - Kristen Stolka
- RTI International, Research Triangle Park, Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | | | | | - Xiaojiang Gao
- Basic Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | | | - Mary Carrington
- Basic Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA.,Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Denise Whitby
- Viral Oncology Section, AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc, Frederick, MD, USA.
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7
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Fang Q, Liu Z, Zhang T. Human leukocyte antigen polymorphisms and Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus infection outcomes: A call for deeper exploration. J Med Virol 2018; 91:541-548. [PMID: 30345532 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Host genetic background may influence the immunity to resist viral infection. As the most polymorphic loci in the entire human genome, the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) system plays an important role in innate and adaptive immune responses to many invading pathogens. Studies have shown that an association might exist between HLA polymorphisms and susceptibility to Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) infection and associated diseases. However, discrepant conclusions were reached among different subjects with different detection methods. Therefore, it is now urgent to summarize current results and figure out the achievements and deficiencies of the existing research for the reference to future studies. A better understanding about the role of HLA polymorphisms in KSHV infection outcome would enable us to elucidate the pathways through which the virus evades the host defense system and improve strategies for the prevention and treatment of KSHV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiwen Fang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Zhenqiu Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Tiejun Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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8
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Hussain SK, Makgoeng SB, Everly MJ, Goodman MT, Martínez-Maza O, Morton LM, Clarke CA, Lynch CF, Snyder J, Israni A, Kasiske BL, Engels EA. HLA and Risk of Diffuse Large B cell Lymphoma After Solid Organ Transplantation. Transplantation 2016; 100:2453-2460. [PMID: 26636741 PMCID: PMC4893345 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000001025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Solid organ transplant recipients have heightened risk for diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL). The role of donor-recipient HLA mismatch and recipient HLA type on DLBCL risk are not well established. METHODS We examined 172 231 kidney, heart, pancreas, and lung recipients transplanted in the United States between 1987 and 2010, including 902 with DLBCL. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) were calculated using Poisson regression for DLBCL risk in relation to HLA mismatch, types, and zygosity, adjusting for sex, age, race/ethnicity, year, organ, and transplant number. RESULTS Compared with recipients who had 2 HLA-DR mismatches, those with zero or 1 mismatch had reduced DLBCL risk, (zero: IRR, 0.76, 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.61-0.95; one: IRR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.69-1.00). In stratified analyses, recipients matched at either HLA-A, -B, or -DR had a significantly reduced risk of late-onset (>2 years after transplantation), but not early-onset DLBCL, and there was a trend for decreasing risk with decreasing mismatch across all 3 loci (P = 0.0003). Several individual recipient HLA-A, -B, -C, -DR, and -DQ antigens were also associated with DLBCL risk, including DR13 (IRR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.57-0.93) and B38 (IRR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.10-1.93), confirming prior findings that these 2 antigens are associated with risk of infection-associated cancers. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, variation in HLA is related to susceptibility to DLBCL, perhaps reflecting intensity of immunosuppression, control of Epstein-Barr virus infection among transplant recipients or chronic immune stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shehnaz K. Hussain
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Solomon B. Makgoeng
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | - Marc T. Goodman
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Otoniel Martínez-Maza
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Lindsay M. Morton
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Christina A. Clarke
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA; Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Research and Policy and Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | | | - Jon Snyder
- Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients and Minneapolis Medical Research Foundation, Minneapolis, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Ajay Israni
- Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients and Minneapolis Medical Research Foundation, Minneapolis, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Bertram L. Kasiske
- Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients and Minneapolis Medical Research Foundation, Minneapolis, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Eric A. Engels
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
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9
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Di Trolio R, Di Lorenzo G, Delfino M, De Placido S. Role of Pegylated Lyposomal Doxorubicin (PLD) in Systemic Kaposi's Sarcoma: A Systematic Review. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2016; 19:253-63. [PMID: 16831292 DOI: 10.1177/039463200601900202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is a form of skin cancer that can involve internal organs. It is often found in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and can be fatal. Kaposi's sarcoma produces pink, purple or brown tumors on the skin, mucous membranes or internal organs. Treatment goals for KS are simple: to reduce the severity of the symptoms, shrink tumors and prevent disease progression. Unfortunately, there is no single best treatment-plan that can achieve all these goals. With widespread KS lesions over the body surface or evidence of spreading to other parts of the body, the physicians need to treat the patients with systemic chemotherapy. A new class of drugs, called liposomal anthracyclines, appears to produce good results with fewer toxic side effects than more conventional cytotoxic drugs. One of these drugs, pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) has become the treatment of choice. This article summarizes all the studies with PLD in systemic Kaposi's sarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Di Trolio
- Dipartimento di Patologia Sistematica-Clinica Dermatologica, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
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10
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Goedert JJ, Martin MP, Vitale F, Lauria C, Whitby D, Qi Y, Gao X, Carrington M. Risk of Classic Kaposi Sarcoma With Combinations of Killer Immunoglobulin-Like Receptor and Human Leukocyte Antigen Loci: A Population-Based Case-control Study. J Infect Dis 2015; 213:432-8. [PMID: 26268853 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiv413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is a complication of KS-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) infection. Other oncogenic viral infections and malignancies are associated with certain HLA alleles and their natural killer (NK) cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) ligands. We tested whether HLA-KIR influences the risk of KSHV infection or KS. METHODS In population-based case-control studies, we compared HLA class I and KIR gene frequencies in 250 classic (non-AIDS) KS cases, 280 KSHV-seropositive controls, and 576 KSHV-seronegative controls composing discovery and validation cohorts. Logistic regression was used to calculate sex- and age-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS In both the discovery and validation cohorts, KS was associated with HLA-A*11:01 (adjusted OR for the combined cohorts, 0.4; P = .002) and HLA-C*07:01 (adjusted OR, 1.6; P = .002). Consistent associations across cohorts were also observed with activating KIR3DS1 plus HLA-B Bw4-80I and homozygosity for HLA-C group 1. With KIR3DS1 plus HLA-B Bw4-80I, the KSHV seroprevalence was 40% lower (adjusted OR for the combined cohorts, 0.6; P = .01), but the KS risk was 2-fold higher (adjusted OR, 2.1; P = .002). Similarly, the KSHV seroprevalence was 40% lower (adjusted OR, 0.6; P = .01) but the KS risk 80% higher with HLA-C group 1 homozygosity (adjusted OR, 1.8; P = .005). CONCLUSIONS KIR-mediated NK cell activation may decrease then risk of KSHV infection but enhance KSHV dissemination and progression to KS if infection occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J Goedert
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute
| | - Maureen P Martin
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Laboratory of Experimental Immunology Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Francesco Vitale
- Dipartimento di Igiene e Microbiologia Giuseppe D'Alessandro, Universitá degli Studi di Palermo
| | - Carmela Lauria
- Lega Italiana per la Lotta Contro i Tumori-Sez Ragusa, Italy
| | - Denise Whitby
- Viral Oncology Section, AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Maryland
| | - Ying Qi
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Laboratory of Experimental Immunology Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Xiaojiang Gao
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Laboratory of Experimental Immunology Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Mary Carrington
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Laboratory of Experimental Immunology Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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11
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Aissani B, Boehme AK, Wiener HW, Shrestha S, Jacobson LP, Kaslow RA. SNP screening of central MHC-identified HLA-DMB as a candidate susceptibility gene for HIV-related Kaposi's sarcoma. Genes Immun 2014; 15:424-9. [PMID: 25008864 PMCID: PMC4174341 DOI: 10.1038/gene.2014.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Revised: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) region on chromosome 6p21.3 is suspected to host susceptibility loci for HIV-related Kaposi's sarcoma (HIV-KS). A nested case-control study in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study was designed to conduct fine genetic association mapping across central MHC. Individuals co-infected with HIV-1 and human herpes virus-8 who later developed KS were defined as cases (n=354) and were matched 1:1 with co-infected KS-free controls. We report data for new independent MHC class II and III susceptibility loci. In particular, class II HLA-DMB emerged as a strong candidate, with the intronic variant rs6902982 A>G associated with a fourfold increase of risk (odds ratio (OR)=4.09; 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.90-8.80; P=0.0003). A striking multiplicative effect on the estimated risk was associated with further carriage of two non-synonymous variants, rs1800453 A>G (Asp697Gly) and rs4148880 A>G (Ile393Val), in the linked TAP1 gene (OR=10.5; 95% CI=2.54-43.6; P=0.0012). The class III susceptibility variant is moderately associated with HIV-KS and lies within a 120-kb-long haplotype (OR=1.52; 95% CI=1.01-2.28; P=0.047) formed by rs7029 A>G (GPANK1 3' untranslated region), rs1065356 G>A (LY6G6C), rs3749953 A>G (MSH5-SAPCD1 read through) and rs707926 G>A (VARS). Our data suggest that antigen processing by MHC class II molecules is a target pathway in the pathogenesis of HIV-KS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brahim Aissani
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Amelia K. Boehme
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Howard W. Wiener
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Sadeep Shrestha
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Lisa P. Jacobson
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Richard A. Kaslow
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Pedergnana V, Gessain A, Tortevoye P, Byun M, Bacq-Daian D, Boland A, Casanova JL, Abel L, Plancoulaine S. A major locus on chromosome 3p22 conferring predisposition to human herpesvirus 8 infection. Eur J Hum Genet 2012; 20:690-5. [PMID: 22258534 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2011.260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection with human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8), the etiological agent of Kaposi's sarcoma, has been shown to display strong familial aggregation, in countries in which HHV-8 infection is endemic. We investigated 40 large families (608 subjects aged one to 88 years) living in an isolated area of Cameroon in which HHV-8 is highly endemic. We performed a two-step genetic analysis for HHV-8 infection status (HHV-8+/HHV-8- determined by immunofluorescence) consisting of an initial segregation analysis followed by a model-based genome-wide linkage analysis. Overall HHV-8 seroprevalence was 60%, increasing with age. Segregation analysis provided strong evidence for a recessive major gene conferring predisposition to HHV-8 infection. This gene is predicted to have a major effect during childhood, with almost all homozygous predisposed subjects (∼7% of the population) becoming infected by the age of 10. Linkage analysis was carried out on the 15 most informative families, corresponding to 205 genotyped subjects. A single region on chromosome 3p22 was significantly linked to HHV-8 infection (LOD score=3.83, P=2.0 × 10(-5)). This study provides the first evidence that HHV-8 infection in children in endemic areas has a strong genetic basis involving at least one recessive major locus on chromosome 3p22.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Pedergnana
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U980, Paris, France
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Mancuso R, Brambilla L, Agostini S, Biffi R, Hernis A, Guerini FR, Agliardi C, Tourlaki A, Bellinvia M, Clerici M. Intrafamiliar transmission of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus and seronegative infection in family members of classic Kaposi's sarcoma patients. J Gen Virol 2011; 92:744-51. [PMID: 21216985 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.027847-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The link between Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV or human herpesvirus 8) and Kaposi's sarcoma has been proven, but the transmission routes, especially in the heterosexual population, are not yet completely understood. To assess the intrafamilial patterns of transmission among first-degree relatives of Italian classic Kaposi's sarcoma (cKS) patients, KSHV seroprevalence and the presence of viral DNA in blood and saliva were evaluated in 18 families (32 cKS patients and 35 family members), comparing the results with those obtained in 200 elderly healthy controls without known exposure to KSHV. The KSHV genotype of variable region VR1 of the hypervariable ORF K1 gene was subsequently analysed in all KSHV-positive samples. The results showed that KSHV infection was significantly higher in relatives of cKS patients (11/35 cases) than in healthy controls (17/200 cases; P=0.001). The 11 infected relatives included spouses (n=3), siblings (n=2) and offspring (n=6) of the cKS patients; the same KSHV genotype was shared within the same family in the majority of cases (85%), indicating the presence of person-to-person transmission within families. Viral DNA was mostly observed in the saliva of infected relatives (45.4%); detection of DNA in blood was less frequent (27.3%). Notably, KSHV DNA was present in saliva and/or blood of three KSHV-infected relatives with indeterminate or negative serostatus. Thus, the risk of KSHV infection is greatly enhanced within families of cKS patients, where close contacts (horizontal and/or sexual) can contribute to the spread of KSHV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Mancuso
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotechnology, Don C. Gnocchi Foundation, ONLUS, IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
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Goedert JJ, Calamusa G, Dazzi C, Perna A, Pelser C, Anderson LA, Madsen C, Preiss LR, Airola M, Graubard BI, Messina A, Lauria C, Romano N. Risk of classic Kaposi sarcoma with exposures to plants and soils in Sicily. Infect Agent Cancer 2010; 5:23. [PMID: 21126363 PMCID: PMC3014880 DOI: 10.1186/1750-9378-5-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2010] [Accepted: 12/02/2010] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ecologic and in vitro studies suggest that exposures to plants or soil may influence risk of Kaposi sarcoma (KS). Methods In a population-based study of Sicily, we analyzed data on contact with 20 plants and residential exposure to 17 soils reported by 122 classic KS cases and 840 sex- and age-matched controls. With 88 KS-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) seropositive controls as the referent group, novel correlates of KS risk were sought, along with factors distinguishing seronegatives, in multinomial logistic regression models that included matching variables and known KS cofactors - smoking, cortisone use, and diabetes history. All plants were summed for cumulative exposure. Factor and cluster analyses were used to obtain scores and groups, respectively. Individual plants and soils in three levels of exposure with Ptrend ≤ 0.15 were retained in a backward elimination regression model. Results Adjusted for known cofactors, KS was not related to cumulative exposures to 20 plants [per quartile adjusted odds ratio (ORadj) 0.96, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.73 - 1.25, Ptrend = 0.87], nor was it related to any factor scores or cluster of plants (P = 0.11 to 0.81). In the elimination regression model, KS risk was associated with five plants (Ptrend = 0.02 to 0.10) and with residential exposure to six soils (Ptrend = 0.01 to 0.13), including three soils (eutric regosol, chromic/pellic vertisol) used to cultivate durum wheat. None of the KS-associated plants and only one soil was also associated with KSHV serostatus. Diabetes was associated with KSHV seronegativity (ORadj 4.69, 95% CI 1.97 - 11.17), but the plant and soil associations had little effect on previous findings that KS risk was elevated for diabetics (ORadj 7.47, 95% CI 3.04 - 18.35) and lower for current and former smokers (ORadj 0.26 and 0.47, respectively, Ptrend = 0.05). Conclusions KS risk was associated with exposure to a few plants and soils, but these may merely be due to chance. Study of the effects of durum wheat, which was previously associated with cKS, may be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J Goedert
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA.
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