1
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The aim of this systematic review is to present the proposed theories of pathogenesis for idiopathic anaphylaxis (IA), to discuss its classification, its diagnostic approach, and management. RECENT FINDINGS IA represents a major diagnostic challenge and is diagnosed when excluding the possible identifiable triggers of anaphylaxis. The current research, however, revealed that certain conditions including mastocytosis, mast cell activation syndromes, and hereditary alpha tryptasemia can masquerade and overlap with its symptomatology. Also, newly identified galactose-alpha-1,3-galactose mammalian red meat allergy has recently been recognized as underlying cause of anaphylaxis in some cases that were previously considered as IA. IA comprises a heterogenous group of conditions where, in some cases, inherently dysfunctional mast cells play a role in pathogenesis. The standard trigger avoidance strategies are ineffective, and episodes are unpredictable. Therefore, prompt recognition and treatment as well as prophylaxis are critical. The patients should always carry an epinephrine autoinjector.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Theo Gulen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, K85, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, SE-141 86, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Immunology and Allergy Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Mastocytosis Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Cem Akin
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Onoda Y, Aoki Y, Nagai A, Hasegawa E, Nakamura M, Suzuki K, Futamura K, Hirosima M, Horiguchi T, Matsunaga K, Yagami A. A case of hen's egg-dependent exercise-induced immediate-type allergy. Allergol Int 2020; 69:476-477. [PMID: 32241627 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2020.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Onoda
- Department of Dermatology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Yuji Aoki
- Department of Integrative Medical Science for Allergic Disease, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan; Department of Respiratory Medicine II, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan; Department of General Research and Development Institute, Hoyu Co., Ltd., Nagakute, Japan
| | - Akiyo Nagai
- Department of Dermatology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Erika Hasegawa
- Department of Integrative Medical Science for Allergic Disease, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan; Department of General Research and Development Institute, Hoyu Co., Ltd., Nagakute, Japan
| | - Masashi Nakamura
- Department of Integrative Medical Science for Allergic Disease, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan; Department of General Research and Development Institute, Hoyu Co., Ltd., Nagakute, Japan
| | - Kayoko Suzuki
- Department of Allergology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan; Fujita Health University General Allergy Center in Bantane Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kyoko Futamura
- Department of Allergology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan; Fujita Health University General Allergy Center in Bantane Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | - Takahiko Horiguchi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine II, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan; Fujita Health University General Allergy Center in Bantane Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kayoko Matsunaga
- Department of Integrative Medical Science for Allergic Disease, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan; Department of Allergology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Akiko Yagami
- Department of Allergology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan; Fujita Health University General Allergy Center in Bantane Hospital, Nagoya, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Interaction between foods and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and exercise in the induction of anaphylaxis. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2018; 18:310-316. [DOI: 10.1097/aci.0000000000000461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
4
|
Food-Dependent, Exercise-Induced Anaphylaxis: Diagnosis and Management in the Outpatient Setting. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE 2017; 5:283-288. [PMID: 28283153 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2016.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 11/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Food-dependent, exercise-induced anaphylaxis is a disorder in which anaphylaxis develops most predictably during exercise, when exercise takes place within a few hours of ingesting a specific food. IgE to that food should be demonstrable. It is the combination of the food and exercise that precipitates attacks, whereas the food and exercise are each tolerated independently. Recently, it was demonstrated that exercise is not essential for the development of symptoms, and that if enough of the culprit food is ingested, often with additional augmentation factors, such as alcohol or acetylsalicylic acid, symptoms can be induced at rest in the challenge setting. Thus, food-dependent, exercise-induced anaphylaxis appears to be more correctly characterized as a food allergy syndrome in which symptoms develop only in the presence of various augmentation factors, with exercise being the primary one. However, additional factors are not usually present when the patient exercises normally, so ongoing investigation is needed into the physiologic and cellular changes that occur during exercise to facilitate food-induced anaphylaxis.
Collapse
|
5
|
Pravettoni V, Incorvaia C. Diagnosis of exercise-induced anaphylaxis: current insights. J Asthma Allergy 2016; 9:191-198. [PMID: 27822074 PMCID: PMC5089823 DOI: 10.2147/jaa.s109105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise-induced anaphylaxis (EIAn) is defined as the occurrence of anaphylactic symptoms (skin, respiratory, gastrointestinal, and cardiovascular symptoms) after physical activity. In about a third of cases, cofactors, such as food intake, temperature (warm or cold), and drugs (especially nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) can be identified. When the associated cofactor is food ingestion, the correct diagnosis is food-dependent EIAn (FDEIAn). The literature describes numerous reports of FDEIAn after intake of very different foods, from vegetables and nuts to meats and seafood. One of the best-characterized types of FDEIAn is that due to ω5-gliadin of wheat, though cases of FDEIAn after wheat ingestion by sensitization to wheat lipid transfer protien (LTP) are described. Some pathophysiological mechanisms underlying EIAn have been hypothesized, such as increase/alteration in gastrointestinal permeability, alteration of tissue transglutaminase promoting IgE cross-linking, enhanced expression of cytokines, redistribution of blood during physical exercise leading to altered mast-cell degranulation, and also changes in the acid–base balance. Nevertheless, until now, none of these hypotheses has been validated. The diagnosis of EIAn and FDEIAn is achieved by means of a challenge, with physical exercise alone for EIAn, and with the assumption of the suspected food followed by physical exercise for FDEIAn; in cases of doubtful results, a double-blind placebo-controlled combined food–exercise challenge should be performed. The prevention of this particular kind of anaphylaxis is the avoidance of the specific trigger, ie, physical exercise for EIAn, the assumption of the culprit food before exercise for FDEIAn, and in general the avoidance of the recognized cofactors. Patients must be supplied with an epinephrine autoinjector, as epinephrine has been clearly recognized as the first-line intervention for anaphylaxis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valerio Pravettoni
- Clinical Allergy and Immunology Unit, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Scherf KA, Brockow K, Biedermann T, Koehler P, Wieser H. Wheat-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis. Clin Exp Allergy 2016; 46:10-20. [PMID: 26381478 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Wheat-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis (WDEIA) is a rare, but potentially severe food allergy exclusively occurring when wheat ingestion is accompanied by augmenting cofactors. It is clinically characterized by anaphylactic reactions ranging from urticaria and angioedema to dyspnoea, hypotension, collapse, and shock. WDEIA usually develops after ingestion of wheat products followed by physical exercise. Other cofactors are acetylsalicylic acid and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, alcohol, and infections. The precise mechanisms of WDEIA remain unclear; exercise and other cofactors might increase gastrointestinal allergen permeability and osmolality, redistribute blood flow, or lower the threshold for IgE-mediated mast cell degranulation. Among wheat proteins, ω5-gliadin and high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits have been reported to be the major allergens. In some patients, WDEIA has been discussed to be caused by epicutaneous sensitization with hydrolysed wheat gluten included in cosmetics. Diagnosis is made based on the patient's history in combination with allergy skin testing, determination of wheat-specific IgE serum antibodies, basophil activation test, histamine release test, and/or exercise challenge test. Acute treatment includes application of adrenaline or antihistamines. The most reliable prophylaxis of WDEIA is a gluten-free diet. In less severe cases, a strict limitation of wheat ingestion before exercise and avoidance of other cofactors may be sufficient.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K A Scherf
- Deutsche Forschungsanstalt für Lebensmittelchemie, Leibniz Institut, Freising, Germany
| | - K Brockow
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Biederstein, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - T Biedermann
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Biederstein, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - P Koehler
- Deutsche Forschungsanstalt für Lebensmittelchemie, Leibniz Institut, Freising, Germany
| | - H Wieser
- Deutsche Forschungsanstalt für Lebensmittelchemie, Leibniz Institut, Freising, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
|
8
|
García Ortiz JC, Vega Gutierrez JM, Armentia Medina A. [Fruit-dependent anaphylaxis induced by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs]. Med Clin (Barc) 2014; 143:563-4. [PMID: 24508007 DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2013.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
9
|
Bernstein JA, Lang DM, Khan DA, Craig T, Dreyfus D, Hsieh F, Sheikh J, Weldon D, Zuraw B, Bernstein DI, Blessing-Moore J, Cox L, Nicklas RA, Oppenheimer J, Portnoy JM, Randolph CR, Schuller DE, Spector SL, Tilles SA, Wallace D. The diagnosis and management of acute and chronic urticaria: 2014 update. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2014; 133:1270-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 320] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2013] [Revised: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
10
|
Yokooji T, Nouma H, Matsuo H. Characterization of Ovalbumin Absorption Pathways in the Rat Intestine, Including the Effects of Aspirin. Biol Pharm Bull 2014; 37:1359-65. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b14-00290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoharu Yokooji
- Department of Pathophysiology and Therapeutics, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hiroshima University
| | - Hitomi Nouma
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hiroshima University
| | - Hiroaki Matsuo
- Department of Pathophysiology and Therapeutics, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hiroshima University
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Exercise-induced anaphylaxis: a case report and review of the diagnosis and treatment of a rare but potentially life-threatening syndrome. Case Rep Med 2013; 2013:610726. [PMID: 23585764 PMCID: PMC3622308 DOI: 10.1155/2013/610726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Accepted: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
A 24-year-old male Marine with an uncomplicated medical history and a long history of strenuous, daily exercise presented to the emergency department after experiencing anaphylactic shock while running. Symptoms resolved following administration of intramuscular diphenhydramine, ranitidine, intravenous methylprednisolone, and intravenous fluids. On followup in the allergy clinic, a meticulous clinical history was obtained which elucidated a picture consistent with exercise-induced anaphylaxis. He had experienced diffuse pruritus and urticaria while exercising on multiple occasions over the last three years. His symptoms would usually increase as exercise continued. Prior to the first episode, he regularly exercised without symptoms. Exercise-induced anaphylaxis is a rare but potentially life-threatening syndrome that requires a careful clinical history and is a diagnosis of exclusion. Treatment is primarily exercise avoidance. Prophylactic mediations are inconsistently effective but are empirically used. Successful treatment with omalizumab was recently reported in a case of refractory exercise-induced anaphylaxis.
Collapse
|
12
|
Goldflam K, Silvers CT. Exercise-induced Anaphylaxis as a Cause of Syncope. J Emerg Med 2012; 43:651-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2010.05.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2009] [Revised: 04/01/2010] [Accepted: 05/18/2010] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
13
|
Abstract
Exercise-induced anaphylaxis (EIA) is a distinct form of physical allergy. The development of anaphylaxis during exertion often requires the concomitant exposure to triggering factors such as intake of foods (food dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis) or drugs prior to exercise, extreme environmental conditions. EIA is a rare, but serious disorder, which is often undetected or inadequately treated. This article summarizes current evidences on pathophysiology, diagnosis and management. We reviewed recent advances in factors triggering the release of mediators from mast cells which seems to play a pathogenetic role. A correct diagnosis is essential to avoid unnecessary restricted diet, to allow physical activity in subjects with EIA dependent from triggering factors such as food, and to manage attacks. An algorithm for diagnosing EIA based on medical history, IgE tests and exercise challenge test has been provided. In the long-term management of EIA, there is a need for educating patients and care-givers to avoid exposure to precipitating factors and to recognize and treat episodes. Future researches on existing questions are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Povesi Dascola
- Clinica Pediatrica, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria di Parma, Università degli Studi di Parma, Via Gramsci 14, Parma, Italy
| | - Carlo Caffarelli
- Clinica Pediatrica, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria di Parma, Università degli Studi di Parma, Via Gramsci 14, Parma, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Matsukura S, Aihara M, Sugawara M, Kunimi Y, Matsuki M, Inoue Y, Kambara T, Ikezawa Z. Two cases of wheat-dependent anaphylaxis induced by aspirin administration but not by exercise. Clin Exp Dermatol 2010; 35:233-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2230.2009.03709.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
15
|
Double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenge in adults in everyday clinical practice: a reappraisal of their limitations and real indications. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2010; 9:379-85. [PMID: 19483616 DOI: 10.1097/aci.0b013e32832d9049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenge (DBPCFC) is widely considered as the 'gold standard' for the diagnosis of food allergy. However, in adult patients, this procedure is rather rarely performed outside the academic context. This review article aims to reappraise the pros and cons of DBPCFC and to elicit some critical thoughts and discussions about the real indications of this diagnostic procedure in adult patients in everyday practice. RECENT FINDINGS There are many data showing that the DBPCFC poses a number of critical problems that are difficult to overcome in normal outpatient clinics and hospitals, and that are generally not addressed in most articles dealing with this issue. SUMMARY Performing DBPCFC poses a number of practical problems and has several pitfalls, which make its routine use in normal clinical settings generally impossible. This review article shows that the need for this procedure in adult patients seems in effect very little and specifies new, more limited indications to its use in everyday practice. Further, it suggests a role for the open challenge, which lacks several of the disadvantages of DBPCFC.
Collapse
|
16
|
Morita E, Matsuo H, Chinuki Y, Takahashi H, Dahlström J, Tanaka A. Food-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis -importance of omega-5 gliadin and HMW-glutenin as causative antigens for wheat-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis-. Allergol Int 2009; 58:493-8. [PMID: 19847096 DOI: 10.2332/allergolint.09-rai-0125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2009] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Food-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis (FDEIA) is a special form of food allergy where a food-intake alone does not induce any symptoms. However, allergic symptoms are elicited when triggering factors such as exercise or aspirin-intake are added after ingestion of the causative food. The most frequent causative foodstuff in Japan is wheat. The triggering factors, both exercise and aspirin-intake, facilitate allergen absorption from the gastrointestinal tract, resulting in allergic symptoms in the patients with wheat-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis (WDEIA). Analysis using purified wheat proteins revealed that approximately 80% of the patients with WDEIA have IgE reacting to omega-5 gliadin and the remaining of the patients to high molecular weight glutenin (HMW-glutenin). Simultaneous measurement of specific IgE to omega-5 gliadin and HMW-glutenin was found to be highly useful in diagnosing WDEIA compared with the routine diagnostic system for wheat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eishin Morita
- Department of Dermatology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Shimane, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Morita E, Kunie K, Matsuo H. Food-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis. J Dermatol Sci 2007; 47:109-17. [PMID: 17507204 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2007.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2007] [Accepted: 03/07/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Food-dependent exercise induced anaphylaxis (FDEIA) is a distinct form of food allergy induced by physical exercise. Symptoms are typically generalized urticaria and severe allergic reactions such as shock or hypotension. Whereas various food items are responsible for the development of FDEIA, wheat is reported to be the allergen with the highest frequency in Japan. Recently aspirin has been known to be an additional exacerbating factor. Skin tests and in vitro serum food-specific IgE assays are currently used, however their sensitivity and specificity are not always satisfactory. A challenge test consisting of ingestion of assumed food followed by intense physical exercise is the only reliable method to determine the causative food and to diagnose the disease. The challenge test is not always safe because in some cases the test induces an anaphylactic shock. So a reliable in vitro diagnostic method is necessary for the patients with FDEIA. We revealed that wheat omega-5 gliadin and high molecular weight glutenin subunit are major allergens in wheat-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis (WDEIA). A simultaneous detection of specific IgE to epitope sequences of both omega-5 gliadin and high molecular weight glutenin is found to achieve higher sensitivity and specificity compared with the in vitro serum food-specific IgE assays currently used for diagnosis of WDEIA. On the other hand, immunoreactive gliadins appeared in the sera of patients during the provocation test with both wheat-exercise and wheat-aspirin challenges in parallel with allergic symptoms. These findings suggest that FDEIA is IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reaction to foods and both exercise and aspirin facilitate allergen absorption from the gastrointestinal tract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eishin Morita
- Department of Dermatology, Shimane University School of Medicine, 89-1 Enya, Izumo 693-8501, Japan.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Calvani M, Sopo SM. Exercise-induced anaphylaxis caused by wheat during specific oral tolerance induction. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2007; 98:98-9. [PMID: 17225729 DOI: 10.1016/s1081-1206(10)60869-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
19
|
Matsuo H, Morimoto K, Akaki T, Kaneko S, Kusatake K, Kuroda T, Niihara H, Hide M, Morita E. Exercise and aspirin increase levels of circulating gliadin peptides in patients with wheat-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis. Clin Exp Allergy 2005; 35:461-6. [PMID: 15836754 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2005.02213.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Food-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis (FDEIA) is an allergic reaction characteristically induced by intense exercise combined with the ingestion of causative food. Recent reports have shown that aspirin intake is a contributing factor in some patients with FDEIA. Wheat is known to be the most frequent causative food, and the IgE-binding epitopes of a major wheat allergen (omega-5 gliadin) in wheat-dependent exercise induced anaphylaxis (WDEIA) have already been clarified. However, the mechanism of eliciting the symptom in WDEIA remains not fully understood. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to examine the relationship of serum gliadin levels and allergic symptoms induced by exercise or aspirin in patients with WDEIA. METHODS Six patients with a history of recurrent anaphylaxis associated with wheat ingestion were diagnosed as having WDEIA by the provocation test, which included wheat ingestion, exercise, aspirin intake and a combination of these challenges. During the tests, serum levels of gliadins were monitored by gliadin-specific sandwich ELISA. The effects of exercise and aspirin on serum gliadin levels were also investigated in four healthy subjects. RESULTS Immunoreactive gliadins appeared in the sera of patients during the provocation test with both wheat-exercise and wheat-aspirin challenges in parallel with allergic symptoms. Serum gliadin levels also increased under the two same challenge conditions in the healthy subjects, although they exhibited no allergic symptoms. However, low levels of gliadin were detected in the sera of both patients and healthy subjects when challenged with wheat alone. CONCLUSION We demonstrated for the first time that blood gliadin levels correlate with clinical symptoms induced by exercise and aspirin in patients with WDEIA. These findings suggest that exercise and aspirin facilitate allergen absorption from the gastrointestinal tract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Matsuo
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Idiopathic anaphylaxis is a well established entity that can lead to unnecessary morbidity and costs if not diagnosed and managed properly. To ensure that more patients benefit from proper care, the medical community needs to be better informed of this rare disease. RECENT FINDINGS The classification and treatment of idiopathic anaphylaxis have been fine-tuned over the past 25 years without knowledge of the disease's underlying mechanism, despite much research dedicated towards this end. The observation that idiopathic anaphylaxis is a steroid-responsive disease has led to a more recent view that its underlying mechanism may be autoimmune in nature. SUMMARY Although the underlying pathogenesis of idiopathic anaphylaxis remains unknown, thousands of patients in the United States have been successfully treated with the currently recommended regimen of steroids and antihistamines. If diagnosed and treated properly, approximately 85% of patients will have a sustained remission after being tapered off corticosteroids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keith Lenchner
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Sánchez-Morillas L, Iglesias Cadarso A, Zapatero Remón L, Reaño Martos M, Rodríguez Mosquera M, Martínez Molero MI. [Exercise-induced anaphylaxis after apple intake]. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2003; 31:240-3. [PMID: 12890418 DOI: 10.1016/s0301-0546(03)79186-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Exercise-induced anaphylaxis frequently is related to food ingestion, so that it receives the name of "food-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis". The food identification is difficult in some patients. We report two patients with apple-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis. STUDY hematimetries, biochemistries, VMA and 5-HIAA in urine. Complement levels, antinuclear antibodies and viruses serology. ALLERGOLOGIC STUDY skin prick test with a common inhalant. Skin prick test and prick by prick with different foods. Total Ig E level and specific Ig E determination by the CAP-Pharmacia System. Oral challenge test with apple, exercise test and exercise challenge test after eating an apple. Prick by prick test with fresh apple was positive. Specific Ig E determination by the CAP-Pharmacia System revealed a positive result. We get to reproduce the episode with an exercise challenge test after eating an apple in the same conditions of usual exercise in both patients.
Collapse
|
22
|
Perkins DN, Keith PK. Food- and exercise-induced anaphylaxis: importance of history in diagnosis. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2002; 89:15-23. [PMID: 12141714 DOI: 10.1016/s1081-1206(10)61905-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David N Perkins
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|