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Lajnaf R, Feki S, Ben Ameur S, Attia H, Kammoun T, Ayadi MA, Masmoudi H. Recent advances in selective allergies to mammalian milk proteins not associated with Cow's Milk Proteins Allergy. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 178:113929. [PMID: 37406758 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Cow's milk proteins allergy (CMA) is an atypical immune system response to cow's milk and dairy products. It's one of the most common food allergies in children affecting 8% of the total pediatric population pediatric population. This comprehensive review examines recent studies in CMA, especially regarding mammalian milk allergies such as goat's, sheep's, buffalo's, camel's, mare's and donkey's milk allergies in order to increase awareness of these selective allergies and to reduce allergy risks for those who have them. The consumption of other mammalian milk types is not recommended because of the significant homology between milk proteins from cow, sheep, goat and buffalo resulting in clinical cross-reactivity. However, camel's, mare's or donkey's milk may be tolerated by some allergic patients. Selective mammalian milk allergies are unusual and rare disorders characterized by severe symptoms including angio-oedema, urticaria, respiratory manifestations and anaphylaxis. Based on the reported allergic cases, cheese products including Ricotta, Romano, Pecorino and Mozzarella, are considered as the most common source of allergens especially in goat's, sheep's and buffalo's milk allergies, while the major allergens in donkey's and mare's milk seems to be whey proteins including lysozyme, α-lactalbumin and β-lactogloblin due to the low casein/whey proteins ratio in equine's milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roua Lajnaf
- Alimentary Analysis Unit, National Engineering School of Sfax, BPW 3038, Sfax, Tunisia; Immunology Department, Habib Bourguiba University Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia; Pediatric Department, Hédi Chaker University Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia.
| | - Sawsan Feki
- Immunology Department, Habib Bourguiba University Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Salma Ben Ameur
- Pediatric Department, Hédi Chaker University Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Hamadi Attia
- Alimentary Analysis Unit, National Engineering School of Sfax, BPW 3038, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Thouraya Kammoun
- Pediatric Department, Hédi Chaker University Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Ali Ayadi
- Department of Food Technology, University of Liege-Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Passage des Déportés, 2, Gembloux, B-5030, Belgium
| | - Hatem Masmoudi
- Immunology Department, Habib Bourguiba University Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
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Piotin A, Hazebrouck S, Bernard H, de Blay F, Metz-Favre C. Buffalo's milk allergy: Role of sensitization to caprine β-casein. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2023; 34:e13971. [PMID: 37366217 DOI: 10.1111/pai.13971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anays Piotin
- Allergology Unit, Chest Disease Department, Strasbourg University Hospital, Strasbourg, France
| | - Stéphane Hazebrouck
- CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments Et Technologies Pour La Santé (DMTS), SPI, Paris Saclay University, Gif-Sur-Yvette, France
| | - Hervé Bernard
- CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments Et Technologies Pour La Santé (DMTS), SPI, Paris Saclay University, Gif-Sur-Yvette, France
| | - Frédéric de Blay
- Allergology Unit, Chest Disease Department, Strasbourg University Hospital, Strasbourg, France
- Federation of Translational Medicine, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Carine Metz-Favre
- Allergology Unit, Chest Disease Department, Strasbourg University Hospital, Strasbourg, France
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Nelis JLD, Dawson AL, Bose U, Anderson A, Colgrave ML, Broadbent JA. Safe food through better labelling; a robust method for the rapid determination of caprine and bovine milk allergens. Food Chem 2023; 417:135885. [PMID: 36917909 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Accidental milk cross-contamination is one of the most common causes for costly food recalls. Yet, quantifying trace-levels of allergen is time-consuming and current methods are not adapted for routine analyses making quality control for trace-level allergen content impractical. This perpetuates voluntary "may-contain" statements that are unhelpful for people suffering from food allergies. Here, we developed a rapid LC-MS method enabling milk allergen quantification by comparing all tryptic-peptides of major milk allergens. The bovine-specific αS-2 casein peptide and allergen-epitope NAVPITPTLNR provided excellent performance in sensitivity (LOD 1 mg.kg-1; LOQ 2 mg.kg-1) across various dairy products, good recovery rates in baked croissants (77% with a 10% inter-day RSD) and a linear range of 2-2,000 mg.kg-1. The method can be used for routine determination of trace-contamination with bovine milk allergen and the adulteration of high-value caprine dairy products with lower-value bovine milk products, protecting consumer trust and the growing population suffering from food allergies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joost L D Nelis
- Agriculture and Food, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), St Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia; Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5DL, United Kingdom.
| | - Amanda L Dawson
- Agriculture and Food, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), St Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia
| | - Utpal Bose
- Agriculture and Food, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), St Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, School of Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia
| | - Alisha Anderson
- Health & Biosecurity, CSIRO, Black Mountain, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
| | - Michelle L Colgrave
- Agriculture and Food, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), St Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, School of Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia
| | - James A Broadbent
- Agriculture and Food, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), St Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia
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Mansor M, Al-Obaidi JR, Ismail IH, Abidin MAZ, Zakaria AF, Lau BYC, Mohsin AZ, Sukor R, Selamat J, Mahmud NK, Jambari NN. Cross-reactivity analysis of milk proteins from different goat breeds with cow's milk allergens using a proteomic approach. Mol Immunol 2023; 155:44-57. [PMID: 36696839 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2022.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Goat's milk thought to be a good substitute for cow's milk protein allergic (CMPA) individuals. However, there is growing evidence that their proteins have cross-reactivities with cow's milk allergens. This study aimed to profile and compare milk proteins from different goat breeds that have cross-reactivity to cow's milk allergens. METHODOLOGY Proteomics was used to compare protein extracts of skim milk from Saanen, Jamnapari, and Toggenburg. Cow's milk was used as a control. IgE-immunoblotting and mass spectrometry were used to compare and identify proteins that cross-reacted with serum IgE from CMPA patients (n = 10). RESULTS The analysis of IgE-reactive proteins revealed that the protein spots identified with high confidence were proteins homologous to common cow's milk allergens such as α-S1-casein (αS1-CN), β-casein (β-CN), κ-casein (κ-CN), and beta-lactoglobulin (β-LG). Jamnapari's milk proteins were found to cross-react with four major milk allergens: α-S1-CN, β-CN, κ-CN, and β-LG. Saanen goat's milk proteins, on the other hand, cross-reacted with two major milk allergens, α-S1-CN and β-LG, whereas Toggenburg goat's milk proteins only react with one of the major milk allergens, κ-CN. CONCLUSION These findings may help in the development of hypoallergenic goat milk through cross-breeding strategies of goat breeds with lower allergenic milk protein contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muzammeer Mansor
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jameel R Al-Obaidi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tanjong Malim 35900, Perak, Malaysia.
| | - Intan Hakimah Ismail
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Atiqah Farah Zakaria
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Benjamin Yii Chung Lau
- Advanced Biotechnology and Breeding Centre, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, #6, Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Aliah Zannierah Mohsin
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rashidah Sukor
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jinap Selamat
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nor Khaizura Mahmud
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nuzul Noorahya Jambari
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
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De Luca JF, Mackay GA, Chatelier JW, Chan SSY, Zhang SS, Godsell J, Spriggs K, Slade C, Douglass JA. Goat milk skin products may cause the development of goat milk allergy. Clin Exp Allergy 2022; 52:706-710. [PMID: 35384104 DOI: 10.1111/cea.14133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Francis De Luca
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Graham Angus Mackay
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Josh William Chatelier
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Samantha Sing-Yi Chan
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Immunology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephanie Sihan Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jack Godsell
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kymble Spriggs
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Charlotte Slade
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Immunology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jo Anne Douglass
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Alternatives to Cow’s Milk-Based Infant Formulas in the Prevention and Management of Cow’s Milk Allergy. Foods 2022; 11:foods11070926. [PMID: 35407012 PMCID: PMC8997926 DOI: 10.3390/foods11070926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cow’s milk-based infant formulas are the most common substitute to mother’s milk in infancy when breastfeeding is impossible or insufficient, as cow’s milk is a globally available source of mammalian proteins with high nutritional value. However, cow’s milk allergy (CMA) is the most prevalent type of food allergy among infants, affecting up to 3.8% of small children. Hypoallergenic infant formulas based on hydrolysed cow’s milk proteins are commercially available for the management of CMA. Yet, there is a growing demand for more options for infant feeding, both in general but especially for the prevention and management of CMA. Milk from other mammalian sources than the cow, such as goat, sheep, camel, donkey, and horse, has received some attention in the last decade due to the different protein composition profile and protein amino acid sequences, resulting in a potentially low cross-reactivity with cow’s milk proteins. Recently, proteins from plant sources, such as potato, lentil, chickpeas, quinoa, in addition to soy and rice, have gained increased interest due to their climate friendly and vegan status as well as potential lower allergenicity. In this review, we provide an overview of current and potential future infant formulas and their relevance in CMA prevention and management.
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The Use of Olkuska Sheep Milk for the Production of Symbiotic Dairy Ice Cream. Animals (Basel) 2021; 12:ani12010070. [PMID: 35011176 PMCID: PMC8749698 DOI: 10.3390/ani12010070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Ice cream may be used as a carrier to deliver probiotics and prebiotics. In this study, we decided to investigate the possibility of using sheep milk from the Olkuska breed for ice cream manufacture and evaluate the viability of Lactobacillus and Lacticaseibacillus strains and the chemical, physical and organoleptic properties of dairy ice cream during storage. The obtained results contribute to a more practical application of different probiotic strains for the fermentation of ice cream mixes and the possibility of using apple fiber in ice cream production. Moreover, the study’s findings showed that symbiotic ice cream with acceptable physicochemical and organoleptic characteristics might be produced from sheep milk of the Olkuska breed. Abstract The aim of this study was to determine the possibility of using Olkuska sheep milk for the production of ice cream with probiotics and prebiotics. The study examined the effect of the storage and type of bacteria used for the fermentation of ice cream mixes and partial replacement of inulin with apple fiber on the physicochemical properties, viability of probiotic cultures and organoleptic properties of sheep’s milk ice cream stored at −22 °C for 21 days. The addition of apple fiber reduced the pH value of ice cream mixes before fermentation. In ice cream mixes and ice cream with apple fiber, the lactic acid content was higher by 0.1–0.2 g L−1 than in their equivalents with inulin only. These differences persisted during the storage of the ice cream. After fermentation of the ice mixes, the bacterial cell count ranged from 10.62 log cfu g−1 to 12.25 log cfu g−1. The freezing process reduced the population of probiotic bacteria cells in ice cream with inulin from 0.8 log cfu g−1 in ice cream with Lactobacillus acidophilus, 1.0 log cfu g−1 in ice cream with Lacticaseibacillus paracasei and 1.1 log cfu g−1 in ice cream with Lacticaseibacilluscasei. Freezing the varieties with apple fiber also resulted in a reduction of viable bacterial cells from 0.8 log cfu g−1 in ice cream with L. paracasei and Lb. acidophilus to 1 log cfu g−1 in ice cream with L. casei, compared to the results after fermentation. The highest percentage overrun was determined in ice cream with L. paracasei and Lb. acidophilus. Ice cream with L. casei was characterized by significantly lower overrun on the 7th and 21st days of storage. Although L. paracasei ice cream had the highest overrun, it did not cause a significant reduction in the probiotic population during storage. After seven days of storage, the first drop differed significantly depending on the type of bacteria used for fermentation of the mixture and the addition of apple fiber. L. casei ice cream had a longer first drop time than L. paracasei and Lb. acidophilus ice cream. Partial replacement of inulin with apple fiber resulted in a significant darkening of the color of ice cream mixes. Depending on the type of bacteria used for fermentation, the addition of apple fiber decreased the value of the L* parameter. Ice cream mixes and ice cream with inulin and apple fiber were characterized by a high proportion of yellow. Partial replacement of inulin with apple fiber reduced the hardness of ice cream compared to inulin-only ice cream. Moreover, the panelists found that ice cream with inulin was characterized by a sweeter taste than ice cream with apple fiber. Moreover, the addition of apple fiber favorably increased the flavor and aroma perception of the mango-passion fruit. Therefore, the milk of Olkuska sheep could be successfully used for the production of symbiotic dairy ice cream.
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Bernard H, Hazebrouck S, Gaiani N, Adel-Patient K. Allergen Risk Assessment for Specific Allergy to Small Ruminant's Milk: Development of Sensitive Immunoassays to Detect Goat's and Sheep's Milk Contaminations in Dairy Food Matrices. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2021; 2:733875. [PMID: 35386964 PMCID: PMC8974779 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2021.733875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite a high level of sequence identity between cow's, goat's, and sheep's milk (CM, GM, and SM, respectively) proteins, some patients tolerant to CM are allergic to GM and SM. In most cases, this specificity is due to the presence of IgE antibodies that bind only to caprine and ovine caseins. The patients may then develop severe allergic reactions after ingestion of CM products contaminated with low amounts of GM or SM. We thus aimed to develop an assay able to detect traces of caprine/ovine β-caseins in different food matrices, irrespective of the presence of the bovine homolog. We produced monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) specific to caprine caseins in mice tolerized to the bovine whole casein then sensitized to the caprine whole casein. In order to develop a two-site immunometric assay, we selected mAbs that could discriminate the caprine β-casein from its bovine homolog. Characteristics and performances of two tests were determined with various dairy products. Results were analyzed in relation with the IgE-immunoreactivity of the food matrices, thanks to sera from CM, GM/SM allergic patients. Our two-site immunometric assays demonstrated a high sensitivity with a detection limit of 1.6–3.2 ng/mL of caprine and ovine β-caseins. The tests were able to detect contaminations of GM in CM at the ppm level. Heat-treatment, ripening and coagulation processes, usually applied to dairy products that exhibit a very high IgE-immunoreactivity, did not impair the test sensitivity. These quantitative assays could then be useful for the risk assessment of food products potentially contaminated with GM and SM in order to prevent adverse reactions in patients specifically allergic to these milks.
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Abstract
Cow's milk is a highly nutritious biological fluid that provides nourishment and immunity to infants when breastfeeding declines. However, some infants, children, and adults are allergic to cow's milk because milk contains potential allergens in the form of proteins. Casein and whey proteins and their coagulated sub-fractions in the milk such as αS1-casein, αS2-casein, β-casein, κ-casein and α-lactalbumin, β-lactoglobulin, bovine serum albumin, immunoglobulins, lactoferrin, respectively are the major etiological determinant of cow's milk allergy (CMA). Moreover, milk processing techniques such as homogenization and pasteurization alter the milk fat and whey protein's molecular structure and serve them as allergens to the immune system of allergic individuals. Strict exclusion of nutrient-rich milk and other dairy products from diet puts children with CMA at higher nutritional risk. Thus, regular nutritional monitoring, the inclusion of protein and mineral-rich supplements as a substitute for cow's milk, management of animal genetics (sheep, goats, buffaloes, camel, mare, donkey, yak), and milk processing to produce non-allergenic milk by inactivating allergic proteins for designer nutrition is essentially required. This review paper details the prevalence, molecular profiling of milk allergens (proteins), body immune response against CMA, consequences of milk processing, treatment, and novel role of galectins as potentially allergy suppressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lily Jaiswal
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA
| | - Mulumebet Worku
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA
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10
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Cox AL, Eigenmann PA, Sicherer SH. Clinical Relevance of Cross-Reactivity in Food Allergy. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. IN PRACTICE 2021; 9:82-99. [PMID: 33429724 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2020.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The diagnosis and management of food allergy is complicated by an abundance of homologous, cross-reactive proteins in edible foods and aeroallergens. This results in patients having allergic sensitization (positive tests) to many biologically related foods. However, many are sensitized to foods without exhibiting clinical reactivity. Although molecular diagnostics have improved our ability to identify clinically relevant cross-reactivity, the optimal approach to patients requires an understanding of the epidemiology of clinically relevant cross-reactivity, as well as the food-specific (degree of homology, protein stability, abundance) and patient-specific factors (immune response, augmentation factors) that determine clinical relevance. Examples of food families with high rates of cross-reactivity include mammalian milks, eggs, fish, and shellfish. Low rates are noted for grains (wheat, barley, rye), and rates of cross-reactivity are variable for most other foods. This review discusses clinically relevant cross-reactivity related to the aforementioned food groups as well as seeds, legumes (including peanut, soy, chickpea, lentil, and others), tree nuts, meats, fruits and vegetables (including the lipid transfer protein syndrome), and latex. The complicating factor of addressing co-allergy, for example, the risks of allergy to both peanut and tree nuts among atopic patients, is also discussed. Considerations for an approach to individual patient care are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Cox
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Elliot and Roslyn Jaffe Food Allergy Institute, Kravis Children's Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.
| | - Philippe A Eigenmann
- The Department of Pediatrics Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical School of the University of Geneva, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Scott H Sicherer
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Elliot and Roslyn Jaffe Food Allergy Institute, Kravis Children's Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
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11
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Prosser CG. Compositional and functional characteristics of goat milk and relevance as a base for infant formula. J Food Sci 2021; 86:257-265. [DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Colin G Prosser
- Dairy Goat Co‐operative (N.Z.) Ltd. 18 Gallagher Drive Hamilton 3240 New Zealand
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12
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Roy D, Ye A, Moughan PJ, Singh H. Composition, Structure, and Digestive Dynamics of Milk From Different Species-A Review. Front Nutr 2020; 7:577759. [PMID: 33123547 PMCID: PMC7573072 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.577759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The traditional dairy-cattle-based industry is becoming increasingly diversified with milk and milk products from non-cattle dairy species. The interest in non-cattle milks has increased because there have been several anecdotal reports about the nutritional benefits of these milks and reports both of individuals tolerating and digesting some non-cattle milks better than cattle milk and of certain characteristics that non-cattle milks are thought to share in common with human milk. Thus, non-cattle milks are considered to have potential applications in infant, children, and elderly nutrition for the development of specialized products with better nutritional profiles. However, there is very little scientific information and understanding about the digestion behavior of non-cattle milks. Scope and Approach: The general properties of some non-cattle milks, in comparison with human and cattle milks, particularly focusing on their protein profile, fat composition, hypoallergenic potential, and digestibility, are reviewed. The coagulation behaviors of different milks in the stomach and their impact on the rates of protein and fat digestion are reviewed in detail. Key findings and Conclusions: Milk from different species vary in composition, structure, and physicochemical properties. This may be a key factor in their different digestion behaviors. The curds formed in the stomach during the gastric digestion of some non-cattle milks are considered to be relatively softer than those formed from cattle milk, which is thought to contribute to the degree to which non-cattle milks can be easily digested or tolerated. The rates of protein and fat delivery to the small intestine are likely to be a function of the macro- and micro-structure of the curd formed in the stomach, which in turn is affected by factors such as casein composition, fat globule and casein micelle size distribution, and protein-to-fat ratio. However, as no information on the coagulation behavior of non-cattle milks in the human stomach is available, in-depth scientific studies are needed in order to understand the impact of compositional and structural differences on the digestive dynamics of milk from different species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Harjinder Singh
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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13
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Kuroda M, Sasaki K, Yamazaki J, Kato Y, Mizukoshi T. Quantification of the kokumi peptide, γ-glutamyl-valyl-glycine, in cheese: Comparison between cheese made from cow and ewe milk. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:7801-7807. [PMID: 32684466 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-18512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that several types of cheese contain kokumi γ-glutamyl dipeptides, and the kokumi tripeptide, γ-glutamyl-valyl-glycine (γ-Glu-Val-Gly), is a component of various fermented foods. The quantification of γ-Glu-Val-Gly in various types of cheese was herein conducted by HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry followed by derivatization with 6-aminoquinoyl-N-hydroxysuccinimidyl-carbamate. The γ-Glu-Val-Gly concentrations were between 0.35 and 0.59 μg/g in cheese made from ewe milk, but were not detected in cheese made from cow milk. The amino acid sequences of major milk proteins showed that the β-caseins of sheep had the Val-Gly sequence at the 9-10 position, whereas β-caseins of cows contained a Pro-Gly sequence at the same position. The Val-Gly sequence was absent in other caseins of sheep and cattle. These results suggest that the different γ-Glu-Val-Gly concentrations present in cheese made from cow and ewe milk are due to differences in the amino acid sequences of caseins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motonaka Kuroda
- Institute of Food Research and Technologies, Ajinomoto Co. Inc., 1-1 Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-8681, Japan.
| | - Keita Sasaki
- Institute of Food Research and Technologies, Ajinomoto Co. Inc., 1-1 Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-8681, Japan
| | - Junko Yamazaki
- Institute for Amino Sciences, Ajinomoto Co. Inc., 1-1 Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-8681, Japan
| | - Yumiko Kato
- Institute for Amino Sciences, Ajinomoto Co. Inc., 1-1 Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-8681, Japan
| | - Toshimi Mizukoshi
- Institute for Amino Sciences, Ajinomoto Co. Inc., 1-1 Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-8681, Japan
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14
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Nutten S, Schuh S, Dutter T, Heine RG, Kuslys M. Design, quality, safety and efficacy of extensively hydrolyzed formula for management of cow's milk protein allergy: What are the challenges? ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2020; 93:147-204. [PMID: 32711862 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2020.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA) is one of the most common food allergies in infancy. Clinical food allergy guidelines recommend an extensively hydrolyzed formula (EHF) as the first-line treatment in nonbreastfed infants with CMPA. Designing and commercializing EHF poses both technical and regulatory challenges. Each manufacturing step, from sourcing of raw materials to release of the final product, needs to be managed in accordance with comprehensive quality systems. To avoid cross-contamination via externally sourced ingredients, suppliers should be carefully selected based on quality requirements. Strict zoning of the manufacturing areas according to contamination risk and air flow control are effective strategies to prevent accidental allergen contamination. Furthermore, dedicated manufacturing lines for hypoallergenic products are used to prevent potential cross-contamination from other products produced on the same line. The enzymatic hydrolysis, heat treatment and ultrafiltration used are specific to each manufacturer. Consequently, EHF are a heterogenous group of products with differences in the molecular weight profile of peptides, content of residual immunogenic cow's milk allergens, and residual in-vitro allergenicity. These differences are likely to affect clinical efficacy and safety. As not all commercialized EHF products have undergone formal testing in the laboratory and clinical trials, there is a need to develop guidelines for minimum technical and regulatory requirements for EHF products, including validated assays for ongoing quality control. Clinical trials assessing new EHF products for their hypoallergenicity and ability to support normal growth remain the definitive proof of efficacy and safety in infants and young children with CMPA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Susanne Schuh
- Nestlé Research and Development, Konolfingen, Switzerland
| | - Thibaut Dutter
- Nestlé Research and Development, Konolfingen, Switzerland
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15
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Mulé P, Gabrielli S, Upton J, Em A, Ben-Shoshan M. Anaphylaxis to goat/sheep's milk in a 4-year-old boy tolerant to cow's milk. BMJ Case Rep 2020; 13:e232844. [PMID: 31919067 PMCID: PMC6954805 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2019-232844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune-mediated reactions to dairy products may vary depending on the mammalian source. We present a case of anaphylaxis to goat/sheep's milk with tolerance to cow's milk. A 4-year-old boy of Eastern European descent presented with gastrointestinal and respiratory symptoms within minutes after eating a goat/sheep's milk-derived food product. The tryptase level measured 1 hour post initial symptoms and 1 month after the allergic reaction were 14.6 µg/L and 5.1 µg/L, respectively (norm: 0.0-13.5 µg/L), confirming the diagnosis of anaphylaxis. A skin prick test performed 1 month after the reaction was highly positive for goat/sheep's milk, but negative for cow's milk. Skin prick tests may establish a life-threatening goat/sheep's milk allergy. Goat/sheep's milk allergy should always be considered in cow's milk-tolerant patients who present with an allergic reaction to dairy products, or when undergoing/have completed of oral immunotherapy for cow's milk allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Mulé
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy, Immunology and Dermatology, Montreal Children's Hospital, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Sofianne Gabrielli
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy, Immunology and Dermatology, Montreal Children's Hospital, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Julia Upton
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Immunology and Allergy, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Abrams Em
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy and Immunology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Moshe Ben-Shoshan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy, Immunology and Dermatology, Montreal Children's Hospital, Montreal, Québec, Canada
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16
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Goh SH, Chong KW, Loh W, Goh AEN. Goat's milk anaphylaxis in a cow's milk tolerant child. Asia Pac Allergy 2019; 9:e34. [PMID: 31720245 PMCID: PMC6826113 DOI: 10.5415/apallergy.2019.9.e34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Goat's milk (GM) allergy commonly occurs together with cow's milk (CM) allergy due to cross-reactivity between highly homologous proteins. We present an unusual case of GM anaphylaxis in a CM tolerant child.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Hui Goh
- Allergy Service, Department of Paediatric Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore
| | - Kok Wee Chong
- Allergy Service, Department of Paediatric Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore
| | - Wenyin Loh
- Allergy Service, Department of Paediatric Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore
| | - Anne Eng Neo Goh
- Allergy Service, Department of Paediatric Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore
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17
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Specialty Infant Formulas for Milk Allergy: Current Choices and Unmet Needs. CURRENT TREATMENT OPTIONS IN ALLERGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40521-018-0187-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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18
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Golkar A, Milani JM, Vasiljevic T. Altering allergenicity of cow's milk by food processing for applications in infant formula. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 59:159-172. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2017.1363156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abdolkhalegh Golkar
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University (SANRU), Sari, Iran
| | - Jafar M. Milani
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University (SANRU), Sari, Iran
| | - Todor Vasiljevic
- Advanced Food Systems Research Unit, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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19
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Pham MN, Wang J. Mammalian milk allergy: case presentation and review of prevalence, diagnosis, and treatment. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2017; 118:406-410. [PMID: 28390582 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2017.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michele Ngoc Pham
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Julie Wang
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
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20
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Villa C, Costa J, Oliveira MBP, Mafra I. Bovine Milk Allergens: A Comprehensive Review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2017; 17:137-164. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Villa
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, Faculdade de Farmácia; Univ. do Porto; Porto Portugal
| | - Joana Costa
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, Faculdade de Farmácia; Univ. do Porto; Porto Portugal
| | | | - Isabel Mafra
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, Faculdade de Farmácia; Univ. do Porto; Porto Portugal
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21
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Vandenplas Y. Prevention and Management of Cow's Milk Allergy in Non-Exclusively Breastfed Infants. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9070731. [PMID: 28698533 PMCID: PMC5537845 DOI: 10.3390/nu9070731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The prevention and management of cow milk allergy (CMA) is still debated. Since CMA is much less frequent in breastfed infants, breastfeeding should be stimulated. Method: Literature was searched using databases to find original papers and reviews on this topic. Results: Hydrolysates with a clinical proof of efficacy are recommended in the prevention and treatment of CMA. However, not all meta-analyses conclude that hydrolysates do prevent CMA or other atopic manifestations such as atopic dermatitis. There are pros and cons to consider partially hydrolysed protein as an option for starter infant formula for each non-exclusively breastfed infant. A challenge test is still recommended as the most specific and sensitive diagnostic test, although a positive challenge test does not proof that the immune system is involved. The Cow Milk Symptom Score (CoMiSS™) is an awareness tool that enables healthcare professionals to better recognize symptoms related to the ingestion of cow milk, but it still needs validation as diagnostic tool. The current recommended elimination diet is a cow milk based extensive hydrolysate, although rice hydrolysates or soy infant formula can be considered in some cases. About 10 to 15% of infants allergic to cow milk will also react to soy. Mainly because of the higher cost, amino acid based formula is reserved for severe cases. There is no place for infant formula with intact protein from other animals as cross-over allergenicity is high. During recent years, attention focused also on the bifidogenic effect of prebiotics and more recently also on human milk oligosaccharides. A bifidogenic gastrointestinal microbiome may decrease the risk to develop allergic disease. The addition of probiotics and prebiotics to the elimination diet in treatment may enhance the development of tolerance development. Conclusion: Breastfeeding is the best way to feed infants. Cow milk based extensive hydrolysates remain the first option for the treatment of CMA for the majority of patients, while amino acid formulas are reserved for the most severe cases. Rice hydrolysates and soy infant formula are second choice options. Partial hydrolysates with clinical proof of efficacy are recommended in some guidelines in the prevention of CMA and allergic disease in at risk infants, and may be considered as an option as protein source in starter infant formula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvan Vandenplas
- Kidz Health Castle, UZ Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium.
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22
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Proteins and bioactive peptides from donkey milk: The molecular basis for its reduced allergenic properties. Food Res Int 2017; 99:41-57. [PMID: 28784499 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The legendary therapeutics properties of donkey milk have recently been supported by many clinical trials who have clearly demonstrated that, even if with adequate lipid integration, it may represent a valid natural substitute of cow milk for feeding allergic children. During the last decade many investigations by MS-based methods have been performed in order to obtain a better knowledge of donkey milk proteins. The knowledge about the primary structure of donkey milk proteins now may provide the basis for a more accurate comprehension of its potential benefits for human nutrition. In this aspect, experimental data today available clearly demonstrate that donkey milk proteins (especially casein components) are more closely related with the human homologues rather than cow counterparts. Moreover, the low allergenic properties of donkey milk with respect to cow one seem to be related to the low total protein content, the low ratio of caseins to whey fraction, and finally to the presence in almost all bovine IgE-binding linear epitopes of multiple amino acid differences with respect to the corresponding regions of donkey milk counterparts.
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23
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Tzanis G, Bonou M, Mikos N, Biliou S, Koniari I, Kounis NG, Barbetseas J. Early stent thrombosis secondary to food allergic reaction: Kounis syndrome following rice pudding ingestion. World J Cardiol 2017; 9:283-288. [PMID: 28400926 PMCID: PMC5368679 DOI: 10.4330/wjc.v9.i3.283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Kounis syndrome is the concurrence of coronary spasm, acute myocardial infarction or stent thrombosis, with allergic reactions in the setting of mast-cell and platelet activation. In this report Kounis syndrome manifesting as stent thrombosis with left ventricular thrombus formation was triggered by a food-induced allergic reaction. The allergic reaction to food was confirmed by oral rice pudding ingredients challenge test while skin tests were inconclusive. To our knowledge, this is first report of early stent thrombosis secondary to food allergic reaction in a 70-year-old man patient who was found to have left ventricular thrombus and undiagnosed hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
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24
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Balthazar C, Pimentel T, Ferrão L, Almada C, Santillo A, Albenzio M, Mollakhalili N, Mortazavian A, Nascimento J, Silva M, Freitas M, Sant’Ana A, Granato D, Cruz A. Sheep Milk: Physicochemical Characteristics and Relevance for Functional Food Development. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2017; 16:247-262. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C.F. Balthazar
- Univ. Federal Fluminense (UFF); Faculdade de Veterinária; 24230-340 Niterói/RJ Brazil
| | - T.C. Pimentel
- Inst. Federal do Paraná (IFPR); Campus Paranavaí; 87703-536 Paraná Brazil
| | - L.L. Ferrão
- Univ. Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ); Depto. de Tecnologia de Alimentos (DTA), Seropédica; 23890-000 Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - C.N. Almada
- Univ. Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP); Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos (FEA); 13083862 Campinas Brazil
| | - A. Santillo
- Univ. Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP); Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos (FEA); 13083862 Campinas Brazil
- Univ. of Foggia; Dept. of the Sciences of Agriculture; 71100 Foggia Italy
| | - M. Albenzio
- Univ. of Foggia; Dept. of the Sciences of Agriculture; 71100 Foggia Italy
| | - N. Mollakhalili
- Shahid Beheshti Univ. of Medical Sciences; Faculty of Nutrition Sciences, Food Science and Technology; 19395-4741 Tehran Iran
| | - A.M. Mortazavian
- Shahid Beheshti Univ. of Medical Sciences; Faculty of Nutrition Sciences, Food Science and Technology; 19395-4741 Tehran Iran
| | - J.S. Nascimento
- Inst. Federal de Educação; Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio de Janeiro, Depto. de Alimentos; 20270-021 Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - M.C. Silva
- Inst. Federal de Educação; Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio de Janeiro, Depto. de Alimentos; 20270-021 Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - M.Q. Freitas
- Univ. Federal Fluminense (UFF); Faculdade de Veterinária; 24230-340 Niterói/RJ Brazil
| | - A.S. Sant’Ana
- Univ. Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP); Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos (FEA); 13083862 Campinas Brazil
| | - D. Granato
- Univ. Estadual de Ponta Grossa (UEPG); Depto. de Engenharia de Alimentos; 84030-900 Ponta Grossa Brazil
| | - A.G. Cruz
- Inst. Federal de Educação; Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio de Janeiro, Depto. de Alimentos; 20270-021 Rio de Janeiro Brazil
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25
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Polyphemus, Odysseus and the ovine milk proteome. J Proteomics 2017; 152:58-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2016.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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26
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Zhu H, Hu L, Liu J, Chen H, Cui C, Song Y, Jin Y, Zhang Y. Generation of β-lactoglobulin-modified transgenic goats by homologous recombination. FEBS J 2016; 283:4600-4613. [PMID: 27917606 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
β-Lactoglobulin (BLG) is a dominant allergen present in the milk of goats and other ungulates, although it is not found in human breast milk. Thus, the presence of BLG restricts the consumption of goat's milk by humans. In the present study, we examined whether the disruption of the BLG gene in goats by homologous recombination (HR) reduced BLG content in goat's milk and decreased the allergic response to milk. In one approach, exon 2 of the BLG gene was efficiently targeted using HR with a BLG knockout vector. In a second approach to disrupt BLG gene expression and drive exogenous human α-lactalbumin (hLA) gene expression, two hLA knock-in constructs were used to target exons 1-4 of the BLG gene via HR, and expression of hLA was then confirmed in goat mammary epithelial cells in vitro. The recombinant clones from both approaches were then used for somatic cell nuclear transfer, generating two transgenic goats possessing a BLG knockout allele or site-specific hLA integration allele. Milk assays demonstrated a reduction in BLG levels in both the BLG knockout and hLA knock-in goats; furthermore, hLA was present in the hLA knock-in goat's milk. Allergenic analysis in mice indicated that the transgenic goat's milk was less allergenic than wild-type goat's milk. These results support the development of gene-targeted animals as an effective tool for reducing allergic reactions to milk and improving nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Linyong Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China
| | - Jun Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Huatao Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chenchen Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yujie Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yaping Jin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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27
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Zhu H, Liu J, Cui C, Song Y, Ge H, Hu L, Li Q, Jin Y, Zhang Y. Targeting Human α-Lactalbumin Gene Insertion into the Goat β-Lactoglobulin Locus by TALEN-Mediated Homologous Recombination. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156636. [PMID: 27258157 PMCID: PMC4892491 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Special value of goat milk in human nutrition and well being is associated with medical problems of food allergies which are caused by milk proteins such as β-lactoglobulin (BLG). Here, we employed transcription activator-like effector nuclease (TALEN)-assisted homologous recombination in goat fibroblasts to introduce human α-lactalbumin (hLA) genes into goat BLG locus. TALEN-mediated targeting enabled isolation of colonies with mono- and bi-allelic transgene integration in up to 10.1% and 1.1%, respectively, after selection. Specifically, BLG mRNA levels were gradually decreasing in both mo- and bi-allelic goat mammary epithelial cells (GMECs) while hLA demonstrated expression in GMECs in vitro. Gene-targeted fibroblast cells were efficiently used in somatic cell nuclear transfer, resulting in production of hLA knock-in goats directing down-regulated BLG expression and abundant hLA secretion in animal milk. Our findings provide valuable background for animal milk optimization and expedited development for agriculture and biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jun Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chenchen Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yujie Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hengtao Ge
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Linyong Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qian Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yaping Jin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- * E-mail: (YJ); (YZ)
| | - Yong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- * E-mail: (YJ); (YZ)
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28
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Cunsolo V, Fasoli E, Saletti R, Muccilli V, Gallina S, Righetti PG, Foti S. Zeus, Aesculapius, Amalthea and the proteome of goat milk. J Proteomics 2015; 128:69-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2015.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Revised: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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29
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Hazebrouck S, Ah-Leung S, Bidat E, Paty E, Drumare MF, Tilleul S, Adel-Patient K, Wal JM, Bernard H. Goat's milk allergy without cow's milk allergy: suppression of non-cross-reactive epitopes on caprine β-casein. Clin Exp Allergy 2014; 44:602-10. [PMID: 24372684 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Revised: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Goat's milk (GM) allergy associated with tolerance to cow's milk (CM) has been reported in patients without history of CM allergy and in CM-allergic children successfully treated with oral immunotherapy. The IgE antibodies from GM-allergic/CM-tolerant patients recognize caprine β-casein (βcap) without cross-reacting with bovine β-casein (βbov) despite a sequence identity of 91%. In this study, we investigated the non-cross-reactive IgE-binding epitopes of βcap. METHODS Recombinant βcap was genetically modified by substituting caprine domains with the bovine counterparts and by performing site-directed mutagenesis. We then evaluated the recognition of modified βcap by IgE antibodies from 11 GM-allergic/CM-tolerant patients and 11 CM-allergic patients or by monoclonal antibodies (mAb) raised against caprine caseins. The allergenic potency of modified βcap was finally assessed by degranulation tests of humanized rat basophil leukaemia (RBL)-SX38 cells. RESULTS Non-cross-reactive epitopes of βcap were found in domains 44-88 and 130-178. The substitutions A55T/T63P/L75P and P148H/S152P induced the greatest decrease in IgE reactivity of GM-allergic/CM-tolerant patients towards βcap. The pivotal role of threonine 63 was particularly revealed as its substitution also impaired the recognition of βcap by specific mAb, which could discriminate between βcap and βbov. The modified βcap containing the five substitutions was then unable to trigger the degranulation of RBL-SX38 cells passively sensitized with IgE antibodies from GM-allergic/CM-tolerant patients. CONCLUSIONS Although IgE-binding epitopes are spread all over βcap, a non-cross-linking version of βcap was generated with only five amino acid substitutions and could thus provide new insight for the design of hypoallergenic variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hazebrouck
- INRA, UR 496, Unité d'Immuno-Allergie Alimentaire, CEA/iBiTeC-S/SPI, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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Marrone R, Balestrieri A, Pepe T, Vollano L, Murru N, D’Occhio MJ, Anastasio A. Physicochemical composition, fatty acid profile and cholesterol content of “Pecorino Carmasciano” cheese, a traditional Italian dairy product. J Food Compost Anal 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2014.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Allergy to goat and sheep cheese with tolerance to cow's milk and its derivatives. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2014; 42:186-90. [PMID: 23253687 DOI: 10.1016/j.aller.2012.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2012] [Revised: 08/03/2012] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We present two adult and three paediatric patients who had allergic reactions after cheese ingestion and subsequently tolerated cow's milk derivatives. The objective of this study was to determine possible cross-reactivity between different types of cheese. METHODS Skin tests were performed to cow's milk fractions, and prick-prick tests for goat, sheep and cow cheese. Specific IgE to the fractions of cow's milk and cow, sheep and goat cheese was analysed. The protein profile of cow, sheep and goat cheese extracts was determined by SDS-PAGE and the allergenic profile by immunoblot. Cross-reactivity was investigated by immunoblot inhibition. RESULTS Skin tests were positive for casein in the patients. The prick-prick tests were positive for the three cheeses in patients 1 and 4, for goat and sheep cheese in patients 2 and 3, and for sheep cheese in patient 5. The specific IgE test was positive in patients 1, 3 and 4 for goat and sheep cheese, and negative in patients 2 and 5. Serum 3 and 4 clearly recognised goat and sheep cheese extracts. Goat casein was almost completely inhibited with sheep casein and partially inhibited with goat and sheep serum proteins, while there was no inhibition with cow cheese. Sheep casein was totally inhibited with sheep serum proteins. Sheep casein was inhibited with goat and cow caseins, suggesting cross-reactivity among the three types of cheese. CONCLUSIONS We showed sensitisation to goat and sheep cheese in two patients, and only to sheep cheese in another two of the studied patients.
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Lisson M, Novak N, Erhardt G. Immunoglobulin E epitope mapping by microarray immunoassay reveals differences in immune response to genetic variants of caseins from different ruminant species. J Dairy Sci 2014; 97:1939-54. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2013-7355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Allergy to all mammalian Bovidae proteins but cow's milk in a child. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2013; 41:349-50. [PMID: 23295020 DOI: 10.1016/j.aller.2012.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2012] [Revised: 07/18/2012] [Accepted: 07/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Heating does not decrease immunogenicity of goat's and ewe's milk. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE 2013; 1:418-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2013.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2012] [Revised: 03/24/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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MALDI-TOF mass spectrometric determination of intact phospholipids as markers of illegal bovine milk adulteration of high-quality milk. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 405:1641-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-6597-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Revised: 11/16/2012] [Accepted: 11/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Bernard H, Ah-Leung S, Tilleul S, Drumare MF, Paty E, Bidat E, Wal JM, Hazebrouck S. Specificity of IgE antibodies from patients allergic to goat's milk and tolerant to cow's milk determined with plasmin-derived peptides of bovine and caprine β-caseins. Mol Nutr Food Res 2012; 56:1532-40. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201200229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2012] [Revised: 07/09/2012] [Accepted: 07/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hervé Bernard
- INRA, UR 496; Unité d'Immuno-Allergie Alimentaire; CEA/iBiTeC-S/SPI; CEA de Saclay; Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Sandrine Ah-Leung
- INRA, UR 496; Unité d'Immuno-Allergie Alimentaire; CEA/iBiTeC-S/SPI; CEA de Saclay; Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Sylvain Tilleul
- INRA, UR 496; Unité d'Immuno-Allergie Alimentaire; CEA/iBiTeC-S/SPI; CEA de Saclay; Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Marie-Françoise Drumare
- INRA, UR 496; Unité d'Immuno-Allergie Alimentaire; CEA/iBiTeC-S/SPI; CEA de Saclay; Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Evelyne Paty
- Université Paris Descartes, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris; Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades; Paris France
| | - Etienne Bidat
- Service de Pédiatrie; Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris; Hôpital Ambroise Paré; Boulogne France
| | - Jean-Michel Wal
- INRA, UR 496; Unité d'Immuno-Allergie Alimentaire; CEA/iBiTeC-S/SPI; CEA de Saclay; Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Stéphane Hazebrouck
- INRA, UR 496; Unité d'Immuno-Allergie Alimentaire; CEA/iBiTeC-S/SPI; CEA de Saclay; Gif-sur-Yvette France
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Rodríguez del Río P, Sánchez-García S, Escudero C, Pastor-Vargas C, Sánchez Hernández JJ, Pérez-Rangel I, Ibáñez MD. Allergy to goat's and sheep's milk in a population of cow's milk-allergic children treated with oral immunotherapy. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2012; 23:128-32. [PMID: 22432882 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3038.2012.01284.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cow's milk oral immunotherapy (CMOIT) is a recognized treatment for persistent cow's milk (CM) allergy. However, further data are necessary on tolerance to milk from other mammals. OBJECTIVE To describe the clinical and immunologic features of goat's and sheep's milk (GSM) allergy in patients who tolerated CM after CMOIT. METHODS Fifty-eight CM-allergic patients who successfully underwent CMOIT in our department were evaluated using skin prick test (SPT), specific immunoglobulin (Ig) E determination, enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA), and controlled oral challenge to assess allergy to GSM. Statistical analysis was carried out to identify markers of allergy to GSM. RESULTS Fifteen of 58 (25.9%) patients were allergic to either goat's or sheep's milk or to both, as confirmed by a controlled positive oral challenge. Forty-seven percent of all positive oral challenges were classified as anaphylactic reactions. Specific IgE to CM casein, goat's whole milk, and sheep's whole milk was 13.2, 18.0, and 21.4 kU(A)/l in the group of GSM-allergic patients and 6.6, 6.5, and 6.5 kU(A) /l in the GSM-non-allergic patients (p < 0.05). Decision-making cut-off points based on sIgE for diagnosing symptomatic GSM allergy could not be determined. ELISA inhibition assays showed limited cross-reactivity (up to 77.2%) between CM casein and GSM casein in the group of GSM-allergic patients in contrast with almost 100% in GSM-not-allergic patients. CONCLUSION We found a high prevalence (26%) of allergy to GSM in our population of CM-allergic children treated with oral immunotherapy. Therefore, tolerance to GSM should be assessed in order to provide accurate nutritional advice and minimize life-threatening accidental intake. Specific IgE to CM casein, goat's and sheep's whole milk is a good marker of this allergy. Although CM oral immunotherapy is a specific treatment for CM allergy, it may not be effective against allergy to the milk of other mammals.
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Hodgkinson A, McDonald N, Kivits L, Hurford D, Fahey S, Prosser C. Allergic responses induced by goat milk αS1-casein in a murine model of gastrointestinal atopy. J Dairy Sci 2012; 95:83-90. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2011-4829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2011] [Accepted: 09/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Abstract
Cow's milk allergy (CMA) affects 2% to 3% of young children and presents with a wide range of IgE and non-IgE-mediated clinical syndromes, which have a significant economic and lifestyle effect. It is logical that a review of CMA would be linked to a review of soy allergy because soy formula is often an alternative source of nutrition for infants who do not tolerate cow's milk. This review examines the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, natural history, and diagnosis of cow's milk and soy allergy. Cross-reactivity and management of milk allergy are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob D. Kattan
- Clinical Fellow, Division of Pediatric Allergy & Immunology and Jaffe Institute for Food Allergy, The Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Renata R. Cocco
- Clinical Researcher, Division of Allergy, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Federal University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kirsi M. Järvinen
- Assistant Professor, Division of Pediatric Allergy & Immunology and Jaffe Institute for Food Allergy, The Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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Teshima R, Nakamura R. [The method of the prediction for food-protein allergenicity]. Food Hygiene and Safety Science (Shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi) 2011; 52:1-9. [PMID: 21383527 DOI: 10.3358/shokueishi.52.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Reiko Teshima
- Division of Novel Foods and Immunochemistry, National Institute of Health Sciences, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Affiliation(s)
- S Al-Hammadi
- Department of Pediatrics, United Arab Emirates University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, P.O. Box 17666, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates.
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Scientific Opinion on the assessment of allergenicity of GM plants and microorganisms and derived food and feed. EFSA J 2010. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2010.1700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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Fiocchi A, Brozek J, Schünemann H, Bahna SL, von Berg A, Beyer K, Bozzola M, Bradsher J, Compalati E, Ebisawa M, Guzman MA, Li H, Heine RG, Keith P, Lack G, Landi M, Martelli A, Rancé F, Sampson H, Stein A, Terracciano L, Vieths S. World Allergy Organization (WAO) Diagnosis and Rationale for Action against Cow's Milk Allergy (DRACMA) Guidelines. World Allergy Organ J 2010; 3:57-161. [PMID: 23268426 PMCID: PMC3488907 DOI: 10.1097/wox.0b013e3181defeb9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Basnet S, Schneider M, Gazit A, Mander G, Doctor A. Fresh goat's milk for infants: myths and realities--a review. Pediatrics 2010; 125:e973-7. [PMID: 20231186 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2009-1906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Many infants are exclusively fed unmodified goat's milk as a result of cultural beliefs as well as exposure to false online information. Anecdotal reports have described a host of morbidities associated with that practice, including severe electrolyte abnormalities, metabolic acidosis, megaloblastic anemia, allergic reactions including life-threatening anaphylactic shock, hemolytic uremic syndrome, and infections. We describe here an infant who was fed raw goat's milk and sustained intracranial infarctions in the setting of severe azotemia and hypernatremia, and we provide a comprehensive review of the consequences associated with this dangerous practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangita Basnet
- Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care, PO Box 19676, Springfield, IL 62794-9676, USA.
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Guimaraes V, Drumare MF, Lereclus D, Gohar M, Lamourette P, Nevers MC, Vaisanen-Tunkelrott ML, Bernard H, Guillon B, Créminon C, Wal JM, Adel-Patient K. In vitro digestion of Cry1Ab proteins and analysis of the impact on their immunoreactivity. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:3222-31. [PMID: 20136083 DOI: 10.1021/jf903189j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
A pepsin resistance test performed at pH 1.2 and with high pepsin to protein ratio is one of the steps of the weight-of-evidence approach used for assessment of allergenicity of new proteins. However, the use of other in vitro digestibility tests, performed in more physiologically relevant conditions and in combination with immunological assays so as to increase the value of the information gained from the studies of stability of a novel protein to digestion for the overall allergenicity assessment, has been proposed. This study then aimed to investigate the stability to digestion of Cry1Ab protoxin and toxin, insecticidal proteins expressed in genetically modified crops, using simulated gastric fluid (SGF) at different pH values and pepsin-to-substrate ratios, in the presence or absence of physiological surfactant phosphatidylcholine (PC). Electrophoresis and immunoblot patterns and residual immunoreactivity of digesta were analyzed. Although Cry1Ab protoxin is extensively degraded at pH 1.2 with high pepsin-to-protein ratio, it is only slightly degraded at pH 2.0 and conserved its immunoreactivity. Furthermore, Cry1Ab proteins were demonstrated to be stable in a more physiologically relevant in vitro digestibility test (pH 2.5, pepsin-to-substrate ratio 1:20 (w/w) with PC). Factors such as pH, SGF composition, and pepsin-to-substrate ratio then greatly influence the digestion of Cry1Ab proteins, confirming that new and more physiologically relevant in vitro digestibility tests should be also considered to study the relationship between the resistance of a protein to digestion and its allergenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Guimaraes
- INRA, UR496, Laboratoire d'Immuno-Allergie Alimentaire, F-78352 Jouy-en-Josas, France
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Sanz Ceballos L, Sanz Sampelayo M, Gil Extremera F, Rodríguez Osorio M. Antigenic stimulation with goat and cow milk by oral and parenteral route in guinea pigs. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/09540100903365860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Molecular aspects of milk allergens and their role in clinical events. Anal Bioanal Chem 2009; 395:47-56. [PMID: 19578836 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-009-2909-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2009] [Revised: 06/03/2009] [Accepted: 06/12/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Milk allergy is the most frequent food allergy in childhood. Even though cases of newly developed milk allergy in adulthood are known, this allergy is less frequent in adults since it is normally outgrown by children during the first years of life. One of the reasons why allergy to cow's milk shows its highest prevalence in children is its early introduction into the diets of babies when breast feeding is not possible. The major allergens are caseins and beta-lactoglobulin, but allergies to other minor proteins (immunoglobulins, bovine serum albumin) have also been reported. Milk allergenicity can be reduced by various treatments (mainly hydrolysis), meaning that formulas based on cow's milk can often be safely fed to children allergic to milk proteins. Cross-reactivity has been described between different mammalian milks and between milk and meat or animal dander. Cross-contamination can result from inadequate cleaning of industrial equipment and constitutes a hidden danger for allergic subjects who unknowingly ingest milk proteins.
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