1
|
Han S, Xu X, Wen J, Wang J, Xiao S, Pan L, Wang J. New genetic mutations in a Chinese child with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome-like spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia: A case report. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:1073748. [PMID: 36619506 PMCID: PMC9811192 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.1073748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) spinal deformity type 2 has clinical features similar to those of spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia with joint laxity, type 1 (SEMDJL1). They have similar clinical manifestations and a similar genetic basis, both of which can be caused by mutations in the B3GALT6 gene. Hence, genetic screening and careful clinical examination are key to the differential diagnosis of these two diseases. CASE PRESENTATION A 4-month-old boy was admitted to our hospital in order to find the causes of developmental delay. The clinical examination revealed that the child was delayed, with an excessive range of motion of joints, patent foramen ovale, and was accompanied by skin aging; the child was suspected to have EDS. However, unlike EDS, the child had normal muscle tension, and at the same time had a spinal deformity, mild kyphosis, widened right hip joint space, as well as a special face, joint laxity, and slender fingers, which were typical characteristics of SEMDJL1. A gene analysis showed two suspicious mutations in the B3GALT6 gene: c.808G > A(p.(G270S)) and c.942G > C(p.(W314C)), which were verified to be compound heterozygous mutations by analyzing genes in his parents. This mutation was not included in the HGMD, ClinVar, and other mutation databases, and thus was a newly discovered mutation. CONCLUSION Using the clinical and genetic analyses, this study reported a Chinese case with EDS-like SEMDJL1 for the first time. Two pathogenic mutations were discovered in the B3GALT6 gene: c.808G > A(p.(G270S)) and c.942G > C(p.(W314C)).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shu Han
- Children's Medical Center, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Xuan Xu
- Children's Medical Center, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Jie Wen
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Jianzhou Wang
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Sheng Xiao
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Li Pan
- Children's Medical Center, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiang Wang
- Department of Pediatric General Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mizumoto S, Yamada S. Congenital Disorders of Deficiency in Glycosaminoglycan Biosynthesis. Front Genet 2021; 12:717535. [PMID: 34539746 PMCID: PMC8446454 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.717535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) including chondroitin sulfate, dermatan sulfate, and heparan sulfate are covalently attached to specific core proteins to form proteoglycans, which are distributed at the cell surface as well as in the extracellular matrix. Proteoglycans and GAGs have been demonstrated to exhibit a variety of physiological functions such as construction of the extracellular matrix, tissue development, and cell signaling through interactions with extracellular matrix components, morphogens, cytokines, and growth factors. Not only connective tissue disorders including skeletal dysplasia, chondrodysplasia, multiple exostoses, and Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, but also heart and kidney defects, immune deficiencies, and neurological abnormalities have been shown to be caused by defects in GAGs as well as core proteins of proteoglycans. These findings indicate that GAGs and proteoglycans are essential for human development in major organs. The glycobiological aspects of congenital disorders caused by defects in GAG-biosynthetic enzymes including specific glysocyltransferases, epimerases, and sulfotransferases, in addition to core proteins of proteoglycans will be comprehensively discussed based on the literature to date.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuji Mizumoto
- Department of Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shuhei Yamada
- Department of Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mizumoto S. [Hereditary Skeletal and Skin Disorders Caused by Defects in the Biosynthesis of Chondroitin/Dermatan Sulfate, and Molecular Mechanisms of Pulmonary Metastasis]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2019; 139:1495-1500. [PMID: 31787635 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.19-00140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The roles of chondroitin sulfate (CS) and dermatan sulfate (DS) have been demonstrated in various biological events such as the construction of the extracellular matrix, tissue development, and cell signaling through interactions with extracellular matrix components, morphogens, and growth factors. Human genetic diseases, including skeletal abnormalities, connective tissue diseases, and heart defects, were reported to be caused by mutations in the genes encoding glycosyltransferases, epimerases, and sulfotransferases that are responsible for the biosynthesis of CS and DS. Glycobiological approaches revealed that mutations in CS- and DS-biosynthetic enzymes led to reductions in their enzymatic activities and in the levels of CS and DS. Furthermore, CS at the surface of tumor cells plays a key role in pulmonary metastasis. A receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) was predominantly expressed in the lung, and was identified as a functional receptor for CS chains. CS and anti-RAGE antibodies inhibited the pulmonary metastasis of not only Lewis lung carcinoma but also B16 melanoma cells. Hence, RAGE and CS are potential targets of drug discovery for pulmonary metastasis and a number of other pathological conditions involving RAGE in the pathogenetic mechanism. This review provides an overview of glycobiological studies on characterized genetic disorders caused by the impaired biosynthesis of CS, as well as DS, and on the pulmonary metastasis of Lewis lung carcinoma cells involving CS and RAGE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuji Mizumoto
- Department of Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Caraffi SG, Maini I, Ivanovski I, Pollazzon M, Giangiobbe S, Valli M, Rossi A, Sassi S, Faccioli S, Rocco MD, Magnani C, Campos-Xavier B, Unger S, Superti-Furga A, Garavelli L. Severe Peripheral Joint Laxity is a Distinctive Clinical Feature of Spondylodysplastic-Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (EDS)- B4GALT7 and Spondylodysplastic-EDS- B3GALT6. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10100799. [PMID: 31614862 PMCID: PMC6826576 DOI: 10.3390/genes10100799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Variations in genes encoding for the enzymes responsible for synthesizing the linker region of proteoglycans may result in recessive conditions known as "linkeropathies". The two phenotypes related to mutations in genes B4GALT7 and B3GALT6 (encoding for galactosyltransferase I and II respectively) are similar, characterized by short stature, hypotonia, joint hypermobility, skeletal features and a suggestive face with prominent forehead, thin soft tissue and prominent eyes. The most outstanding feature of these disorders is the combination of severe connective tissue involvement, often manifesting in newborns and infants, and skeletal dysplasia that becomes apparent during childhood. Here, we intend to more accurately define some of the clinical features of B4GALT7 and B3GALT6-related conditions and underline the extreme hypermobility of distal joints and the soft, doughy skin on the hands and feet as features that may be useful as the first clues for a correct diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Giuseppe Caraffi
- Medical Genetics Unit, Maternal and Child Health Department, Azienda USL-IRCCS of Reggio Emilia, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy.
| | - Ilenia Maini
- Medical Genetics Unit, Maternal and Child Health Department, Azienda USL-IRCCS of Reggio Emilia, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy.
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, Azienda USL of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy.
| | - Ivan Ivanovski
- Medical Genetics Unit, Maternal and Child Health Department, Azienda USL-IRCCS of Reggio Emilia, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy.
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences with interest in Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 42121 Reggio Emilia, Italy.
| | - Marzia Pollazzon
- Medical Genetics Unit, Maternal and Child Health Department, Azienda USL-IRCCS of Reggio Emilia, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy.
| | - Sara Giangiobbe
- Medical Genetics Unit, Maternal and Child Health Department, Azienda USL-IRCCS of Reggio Emilia, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy.
| | - Maurizia Valli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Unit of Biochemistry, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Antonio Rossi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Unit of Biochemistry, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Silvia Sassi
- Rehabilitation Pediatric Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS of Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy.
| | - Silvia Faccioli
- Rehabilitation Pediatric Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS of Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy.
| | - Maja Di Rocco
- Department of Pediatrics, Unit of Rare Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy.
| | - Cinzia Magnani
- Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Maternal and Child Department, University of Parma, 43121 Parma, Italy.
| | - Belinda Campos-Xavier
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Sheila Unger
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Andrea Superti-Furga
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Livia Garavelli
- Medical Genetics Unit, Maternal and Child Health Department, Azienda USL-IRCCS of Reggio Emilia, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chimusa ER, Beighton P, Kumuthini J, Ramesar RS. Detecting genetic modifiers of spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia with joint laxity in the Caucasian Afrikaner community. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 28:1053-1063. [PMID: 30358852 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia with joint laxity (SEMDJL) is an autosomal-recessive skeletal dysplasia. A relatively large number of patients with SEMDJL have been identified in the Caucasian Afrikaans-speaking community in South Africa. We used a combination of Genome-Wide Human Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) Array 6.0 data and whole exomic data to potentially dissect genetic modifiers associated with SEMDJL in Caucasian Afrikaans-speaking patients. Leveraging the family-based association signal in prioritizing candidate mutations, we identified two potential modifier genes, COL1A2 and MATN1, and replicating previously identified mutation in KIF22. Importantly, our findings of genetic modifier genes and previously identified mutations are layered on the same sub-network implicated in syndromes characterized by skeletal abnormalities and intellectual disability, bone and connective tissue fragility. This study has potentially provided crucial insights in identifying the indirect modifying mutation(s) linked to the true causal mutation associated with SEMDJL. It is a critical lesson that one may use constructively especially when the pace of exomic sequencing of rare disorders continues apace.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emile R Chimusa
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pathology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Peter Beighton
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pathology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Judit Kumuthini
- Centre for Proteomic and Genomic Research, St. Peter's Square Mall, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Rajkumar S Ramesar
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pathology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mizumoto S. Defects in Biosynthesis of Glycosaminoglycans Cause Hereditary Bone, Skin, Heart, Immune, and Neurological Disorders. TRENDS GLYCOSCI GLYC 2018. [DOI: 10.4052/tigg.1812.2j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuji Mizumoto
- Department of Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Trejo P, Rauch F, Glorieux FH, Ouellet J, Benaroch T, Campeau PM. Spondyloepimetaphysial Dysplasia with Joint Laxity in Three Siblings with B3GALT6 Mutations. Mol Syndromol 2017; 8:303-307. [PMID: 29230159 DOI: 10.1159/000479672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia with joint laxity type 1 (SEMDJL1) is a rare entity with a recessive inheritance. In this report, we describe 3 affected members of the same family who present with short stature, hyperlaxity with secondary spinal malalignment, ulnar subluxation, developmental dysplasia of the hips, and craniofacial alterations; one member also had learning difficulties. DNA analysis showed compound heterozygous variants in the B3GALT6 gene (c.901_921dup, c.511C>T) in all 3 patients, inherited from the parents. This family demonstrates the clinical variability of SEMDJL1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Trejo
- Shriners Hospital for Children and McGill University, Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine Hospital, University of Montreal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Frank Rauch
- Shriners Hospital for Children and McGill University, Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine Hospital, University of Montreal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Francis H Glorieux
- Shriners Hospital for Children and McGill University, Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine Hospital, University of Montreal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jean Ouellet
- Shriners Hospital for Children and McGill University, Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine Hospital, University of Montreal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Thierry Benaroch
- Shriners Hospital for Children and McGill University, Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine Hospital, University of Montreal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Philippe M Campeau
- Shriners Hospital for Children and McGill University, Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine Hospital, University of Montreal, Montreal, Québec, Canada.,Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine Hospital, University of Montreal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mizumoto S, Yamada S, Sugahara K. Human genetic disorders and knockout mice deficient in glycosaminoglycan. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:495764. [PMID: 25126564 PMCID: PMC4122003 DOI: 10.1155/2014/495764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are constructed through the stepwise addition of respective monosaccharides by various glycosyltransferases and maturated by epimerases and sulfotransferases. The structural diversity of GAG polysaccharides, including their sulfation patterns and sequential arrangements, is essential for a wide range of biological activities such as cell signaling, cell proliferation, tissue morphogenesis, and interactions with various growth factors. Studies using knockout mice of enzymes responsible for the biosynthesis of the GAG side chains of proteoglycans have revealed their physiological functions. Furthermore, mutations in the human genes encoding glycosyltransferases, sulfotransferases, and related enzymes responsible for the biosynthesis of GAGs cause a number of genetic disorders including chondrodysplasia, spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia, and Ehlers-Danlos syndromes. This review focused on the increasing number of glycobiological studies on knockout mice and genetic diseases caused by disturbances in the biosynthetic enzymes for GAGs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuji Mizumoto
- Department of Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, 150 Yagotoyama, Tempaku-ku, Nagoya 468-8503, Japan
| | - Shuhei Yamada
- Department of Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, 150 Yagotoyama, Tempaku-ku, Nagoya 468-8503, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Sugahara
- Laboratory of Proteoglycan Signaling and Therapeutics, Frontier Research Center for Post-Genomic Science and Technology, Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, West-11, North-21, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Vorster AA, Beighton P, Ramesar RS. Spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia with joint laxity (Beighton type); mutation analysis in eight affected South African families. Clin Genet 2014; 87:492-5. [PMID: 24766538 DOI: 10.1111/cge.12413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Revised: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia with joint laxity (SEMD-JL), type 1 is an autosomal recessive disorder which has been identified in more than 30 affected children in the Afrikaans-speaking community of South Africa. Sequencing of B3GALT6 revealed a specific mutation, c.235A > G, in homozygous form in four families, while three others were compound heterozygotes for this mutation in combination with the c.200C > T mutation. In addition, a proband from one family carried the c.16C > T mutation combined with c.200C > T. In a series of five Iranian persons, mutations in B3GALT6 have been implicated in a syndrome characterised by skeletal abnormalities with intellectual disability, bone and connective tissue fragility. Other mutations in B3GALT6 resulted in the classical SEMD-JL phenotype in seven Japanese families and in a syndrome which has been likened to a progeroid form of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS). It is evident that there is considerable intragenic heterogeneity in B3GALT6. One of the mutations, c.200C > T, in the affected South Africans was also present in one of the Japanese persons and the respective phenotypes were identical. The multiplicity of allelic mutations and the phenotypic differences in the affected persons supports the concept that a spectrum of connective tissue disorders is programmed by mutations in B3GALT6.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A A Vorster
- MRC Human Genetics Research Unit, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Mutations in B3GALT6, which encodes a glycosaminoglycan linker region enzyme, cause a spectrum of skeletal and connective tissue disorders. Am J Hum Genet 2013; 92:927-34. [PMID: 23664117 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2013.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Revised: 03/16/2013] [Accepted: 04/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteoglycans (PGs) are a major component of the extracellular matrix in many tissues and function as structural and regulatory molecules. PGs are composed of core proteins and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) side chains. The biosynthesis of GAGs starts with the linker region that consists of four sugar residues and is followed by repeating disaccharide units. By exome sequencing, we found that B3GALT6 encoding an enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of the GAG linker region is responsible for a severe skeletal dysplasia, spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia with joint laxity type 1 (SEMD-JL1). B3GALT6 loss-of-function mutations were found in individuals with SEMD-JL1 from seven families. In a subsequent candidate gene study based on the phenotypic similarity, we found that B3GALT6 is also responsible for a connective tissue disease, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (progeroid form). Recessive loss-of-function mutations in B3GALT6 result in a spectrum of disorders affecting a broad range of skeletal and connective tissues characterized by lax skin, muscle hypotonia, joint dislocation, and spinal deformity. The pleiotropic phenotypes of the disorders indicate that B3GALT6 plays a critical role in a wide range of biological processes in various tissues, including skin, bone, cartilage, tendon, and ligament.
Collapse
|
11
|
Al Kaissi A, Chehida FB, Ghachem MB, Klaushofer K, Grill F. A hypoplastic atlas and long odontoid process in a girl manifesting phenotypic features resembling spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia joint laxity syndrome. Skeletal Radiol 2008; 37:469-73. [PMID: 18256824 DOI: 10.1007/s00256-007-0443-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2007] [Revised: 11/21/2007] [Accepted: 12/09/2007] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Phenotypic features consistent but not completely diagnostic for spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia joint laxity (SEMDJL) were encountered in a 7-year-old-girl. Additional tomographic features of a hypoplastic atlas (assimilation of the posterior arch of the atlas) and unduly long odontoid process were seen. We report what might be a novel type of SEMDJL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Al Kaissi
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology, Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kennedy AM, Inada M, Krane SM, Christie PT, Harding B, López-Otín C, Sánchez LM, Pannett AAJ, Dearlove A, Hartley C, Byrne MH, Reed AAC, Nesbit MA, Whyte MP, Thakker RV. MMP13 mutation causes spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia, Missouri type (SEMD(MO). J Clin Invest 2005; 115:2832-42. [PMID: 16167086 PMCID: PMC1201660 DOI: 10.1172/jci22900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2004] [Accepted: 07/12/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
MMPs, which degrade components of the ECM, have roles in embryonic development, tissue repair, cancer, arthritis, and cardiovascular disease. We show that a missense mutation of MMP13 causes the Missouri type of human spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia (SEMD(MO)), an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by defective growth and modeling of vertebrae and long bones. Genome-wide linkage analysis mapped SEMD(MO) to a 17-cM region on chromosome 11q14.3-23.2 that contains a cluster of 9 MMP genes. Among these, MMP13 represented the best candidate for SEMD(MO), since it preferentially degrades collagen type II, abnormalities of which cause skeletal dysplasias that include Strudwick type SEMD. DNA sequence analysis revealed a missense mutation, F56S, that substituted an evolutionarily conserved phenylalanine residue for a serine in the proregion domain of MMP13. We predicted, by modeling MMP13 structure, that this F56S mutation would result in a hydrophobic cavity with misfolding, autoactivation, and degradation of mutant protein intracellularly. Expression of wild-type and mutant MMP13s in human embryonic kidney cells confirmed abnormal intracellular autoactivation and autodegradation of F56S MMP13 such that only enzymatically inactive, small fragments were secreted. Thus, the F56S mutation results in deficiency of MMP13, which leads to the human skeletal developmental anomaly of SEMD(MO).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ann M Kennedy
- Academic Endocrine Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (OCDEM), Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Mégarbané A, Ghanem I, Le Merrer M. Spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia with multiple dislocations, leptodactylic type: report of a new patient and review of the literature. Am J Med Genet A 2003; 122A:252-6. [PMID: 12966527 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.20262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A 6-year-old boy with congenital hip dislocation, developmental delay, short stature, macrocephaly, low set ears, short neck, and hyperlaxity of the wrists and fingers is described. Radiographs disclosed mainly the presence of thoracic scoliosis, narrow interpedicular distances, metaphyseal vertical striations, very small irregular epiphyses, right hip dislocation, luxation of both elbows, and severe delay of ossification of the epiphyses and the carpal bones. These features are very close to the newly described entity: spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia and multiple dislocations. This patient brings to light the differential diagnosis and confirms the specificity of the radiological findings of this new entity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Mégarbané
- Unité de Génétique Médicale, Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cytogénétique, Faculté de Médecine, Université Saint-Joseph, 42 rue de Grenelle, Beyrouth, Liban, France.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Tsirikos AI, Mason DE, Scott CI, Chang WN. Spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia with joint laxity (SEMDJL). Am J Med Genet A 2003; 119A:386-90. [PMID: 12784311 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.20061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia with joint laxity (SEMDJL) is a distinctive form of skeletal dysplasia characterized by severe dwarfism, generalized articular hypermobility, and progressive spinal malalignment. We report on a patient with SEMDJL, who presented with all the characteristic orthopedic manifestations of the disorder, required multiple operative procedures, and has the longest reported follow-up and survival into adulthood with a favorable outcome. We describe all the clinical and radiographic findings that can allow an early diagnosis of this type of skeletal dysplasia, which can lead to profound disability with potentially lethal spinal and pulmonary complications in early childhood. In view of the severe clinical and genetic implications, diagnostic precision is of vital importance, particularly since the disorder is currently believed to be more common than initially reported.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios I Tsirikos
- Department of Orthopedics, Alfred I duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware 19899, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Smith W, Ji HP, Mouradian W, Pagon RA. Spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia with joint laxity (SEMDJL): Presentation in two unrelated patients in the United States. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-8628(19990917)86:3<245::aid-ajmg10>3.0.co;2-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
16
|
Hall CM, Elçioglu NH, Shaw DG. A distinct form of spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia with multiple dislocations. J Med Genet 1998; 35:566-72. [PMID: 9678701 PMCID: PMC1051367 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.35.7.566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Three unrelated patients with identical radiological features are presented. Hypotonia was noted at birth and one patient was diagnosed as having congenital fibre type disproportion in the neonatal period. Later muscle biopsies, however, were entirely normal. All patients, now in their teens and twenties, are of normal intelligence, show striking epiphyseal and metaphyseal changes of the long bones, and have joint laxity and multiple dislocations of large joints, which are particularly incapacitating at the knees. These three cases represent a sporadic, previously unreported skeletal dysplasia with spondyloepimetaphyseal distribution and multiple large joint dislocations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C M Hall
- Department of Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Gertner JM, Whyte MP, Dixon PH, Pang JT, Trump D, Pearce SH, Wooding C, Thakker RV. Linkage studies of a Missouri kindred with autosomal dominant spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia (SEMD) indicate genetic heterogeneity. J Bone Miner Res 1997; 12:1204-9. [PMID: 9258750 DOI: 10.1359/jbmr.1997.12.8.1204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A four-generation kindred (14 affected and 10 unaffected members) from Missouri, U.S.A. in which spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia (SEMD) had been inherited as an autosomal dominant disorder was investigated for linkage to 13 candidate loci: COL2AI, COL9AI, COL9A2, COL9A3, COL10A1, COL11A1, COL11A2, PSACH, FGFR3, decorin, CRTL1, COMP, and PTHRP. Mutations of COL2A1, COL9A2, COL10, and FGFR3 have been reported previously in the Strudwick type of SEMD, multiple epiphyseal dysplasia type 2 (EDM2), the Schmid type of metaphyseal dysplasia, and in achondroplasia, respectively, and the pseudoachondroplasia (PSACH) locus has been mapped to chromosome 19p12. In addition, mutations in COL9 and COL11A are associated with murine forms of degenerative joint disease and chondroplasia, respectively. The family proved informative for 12 of the 13 loci and was uninformative at the decorin locus. Linkage between this form of SEMD, designated the Missouri variant, SEMDMO, and the 12 informative candidate loci was excluded (LOD scores < -2.00 at theta = 0.005 to 0.15), thereby indicating further genetic heterogeneity in these inherited disorders of bone and cartilage development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J M Gertner
- MRC Molecular Endocrinology Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Royal Postgraduate Medical School, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Pina-Neto JM, Defino HL, Guedes ML, Jorge SM. Spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia with joint laxity (SEMDJL): a Brazilian case. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 1996; 61:131-3. [PMID: 8669438 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-8628(19960111)61:2<131::aid-ajmg5>3.0.co;2-#] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
This is a report on a Brazilian patient with spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia with joint laxity (SEMDJL; MIM 271640), a rare autosomal recessive skeletal dysplasia characterized by dwarfism, articular hypermobility, progressive intractable spinal malalignment, a typical facies and a propensity to joint dislocation and subluxation. The condition has been described only in 20 children of Afrikaans-speaking parents in South Africa. This is the first report of a non-Afrikaans patient with this genetic entity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J M Pina-Neto
- Department of Genetics, University of S/moweryao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Bradburn JM, Hall BD. Spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia with joint laxity (SEMDJL): clinical and radiological findings in a Guatemalan patient. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 1995; 59:234-7. [PMID: 8588592 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.1320590222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
We report on a patient of Guatemalan descent whose physical and radiological findings are consistent with a diagnosis of spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia with joint laxity (SEMDJL). This is a rare, autosomal recessive skeletal dysplasia with short limbs, severe scoliosis, high dorsal kyphoscoliosis, and joint hypermobility. Most described patients with SEMDJL are from the Afrikaans-speaking communities of South Africa. Patients with SEMDJL have an oval face, prominent eyes, and blue sclerae. Our patient's height and weight were below the fifth centile. She had prominent eyes with blue sclerae, a narrow, high-arched palate, pectus carinatum, severe scoliosis, and hyperextensibility and instability of most joints, with limited extension and supination of her elbows. A review of her roentgenograms showed severe scoliosis, poorly developed ischial, iliac, and pubic bones, a "bat-like" appearance of the iliac bones, "dysplastic" acetabulum, minimal metaphyseal and epiphyseal abnormalities at the knees, deformation of the proximal femoral metaphyses, and generalized brachydactyly of the hands and feet. This disorder may be more common than previously thought, and the diagnosis should be considered in any child with a dwarfing condition and joint laxity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J M Bradburn
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ricci R, Aulisa L, Antuzzi D, Serra F, Segni G, Kozlowski K. Spondylo-epimetaphyseal dysplasia with joint laxity and severe kyphoscoliosis in an Italian girl. Pediatr Radiol 1995; 25:303-5. [PMID: 7567245 DOI: 10.1007/bf02011108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A case of spondylo-epimetaphyseal dysplasia with joint laxity (SEMDJL) in an Italian girl is reported. This condition is mainly observed in the Afrikaans population of South Africa with an ancestral founder believed to be localized in West Germany. This case might support a link with the European origin of SEMDJL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Ricci
- Paediatric Clinic, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Camera G, Stella G, Camera A. New X linked spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia: report on eight affected males in the same family. J Med Genet 1994; 31:371-6. [PMID: 8064814 PMCID: PMC1049868 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.31.5.371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
We report on a probably new form of spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia (SEMD) with an X linked inheritance pattern. Eight males were affected in the same family. We were able to examine three adult patients and we studied the skeletal radiological aspect of one of these patients at 2 years 6 months and at 9 years of age. The main clinical features are severe short trunked dwarfism, brachydactyly, normal facies, and normal intelligence. Radiologically, the diaphyses of all the long bones are short and broad. The epiphyses of the distal portion of the femora and those of the proximal and distal portions of the tibia are embedded in their metaphyses and there is marked narrowing of the intercondylar groove. There is moderate platyspondyly. Several vertebrae show an anterior tongue in infancy and severe irregularities of the upper and lower surfaces are present in adulthood. The 11th or 12th thoracic vertebra is wedge shaped. The pelvis is narrow. The distal ulnae and fibulae are disproportionately long. The hands show radial deviation and brachydactyly is present in the hands and feet. This X linked SEMD was not detectable at birth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Camera
- Centro di Genetica Umana, Ospedali Galliera, Genoa, Italy
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Affiliation(s)
- P Beighton
- Department of Human Genetics, Medical School, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Goldblatt J, Carman P, Sprague P. Unique dwarfing, spondylometaphyseal skeletal dysplasia, with joint laxity and dentinogenesis imperfecta. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 1991; 39:170-2. [PMID: 2063920 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.1320390211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We report a 3 1/2-year-old boy with a unique spondylometaphyseal dysplasia with predominantly mesomelic involvement. In addition, he had gross generalised joint laxity and dentinogenesis imperfecta.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Goldblatt
- Department of Genetics, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, Western Australia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Torrington M, Beighton P. The ancestry of spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia with joint laxity (SEMDJL) in South Africa. Clin Genet 1991; 39:210-3. [PMID: 2036742 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.1991.tb03013.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Comprehensive genealogical investigations have been undertaken in eight families in the Afrikaans-speaking community of South Africa, in which at least one person had spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia with joint laxity (SEMDJL). All eight families had ancestral links with two females. These women had multiple marriages and cohabitations during the late 17th and early 18th centuries and they were 12 generations removed from the affected individuals. The identification of these common progenitors confirmed the syndromic homogeneity of SEMDJL in South Africa and permitted recognition of numerous obligate heterozygotes, thus facilitating biomolecular investigations of the basic defect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Torrington
- Medical Research Council of South Africa, Tygerberg
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Beighton P, de Paepe A, Danks D, Finidori G, Gedde-Dahl T, Goodman R, Hall JG, Hollister DW, Horton W, McKusick VA. International Nosology of Heritable Disorders of Connective Tissue, Berlin, 1986. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 1988; 29:581-94. [PMID: 3287925 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.1320290316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 433] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P Beighton
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Cape Town, Medical School, South Africa
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|