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Dai Y, Li H, Zhang X, Jia M, Gu X. A rare karyotype of nonmosaic isodicentric (Y) (p11.31) with azoospermia and short stature. Andrologia 2020; 52:e13536. [PMID: 32056260 DOI: 10.1111/and.13536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosome aberration is one of the common causes of male infertility. Isodicentric chromosome is a chromosomal aberration in which two arms of a chromosome are identical in morphology and genetics and connected by two centromeres. We firstly reported a case of infertile male with nonmosaic 46, X, idic (Y) (qter-p11.31::p11.31-qter) but with the sex-determining region Y (SRY). The broken site is the chromosome Y (p11.31). The patients' clinical phenotype was azoospermia and short stature. Fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH), chromosomal microarray comparative genomic hybridisation (array CGH) and related molecular analysis were performed. Azoospermia of this case may be caused by the abnormal chromosome structure, which leads to abnormal chromosome synapsis in spermatogenesis. Loss of genes in PAR1 and gain of genes copies in azoospermia factor (AZF) region on the Y chromosome may also contribute to the pathogenesis of azoospermia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwan Dai
- Institute of Reproductive Health/Center of Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huimin Li
- Institute of Reproductive Health/Center of Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Wuhan Tongji Reproductive Medicine Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Mingzhu Jia
- Wuhan Tongji Reproductive Medicine Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiuli Gu
- Wuhan Tongji Reproductive Medicine Hospital, Wuhan, China
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Kumar P, Jain M, Kalsi AK, Halder A. Molecular characterisation of a case of dicentric Y presented as nonobstructive azoospermia with testicular early maturation arrest. Andrologia 2017; 50. [PMID: 28836280 DOI: 10.1111/and.12886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The dicentric Y chromosome is the most common cytogenetically visible structural abnormality of Y chromosome. The sites of break and fusion of dicentric Y are variable, but break and fusion at Yq12 (proximal to the pseudoautosomal region 2/PAR 2) is very rare. Dicentric Y chromosome is unstable during cell division and likely to generate chromosomal mosaicism. Here, we report a case of infertile male with nonmosaic 46,XY where chromosome Y was dicentric with break and fusion at Yq12 (proximal to PAR 2). Clinical presentation of the case was nonobstructive azoospermia due to early maturation arrest at the primary spermatocyte stage. Various molecular techniques such as FISH, STS-PCR and DNA microarray were carried out to characterise genetic defect leading to testicular maturation arrest in the patient. The break and fusion was found at Yq12 (proximal to PAR 2) and resulted in near total duplication of Y chromosome (excluding PAR 2). The reason for maturation arrest seems due to CNVs of PARs (gain in PAR 1 and loss of PAR 2) and azoospermia factors (gain).
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Affiliation(s)
- P Kumar
- Department of Reproductive Biology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - M Jain
- Department of Reproductive Biology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - A K Kalsi
- Department of Reproductive Biology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - A Halder
- Department of Reproductive Biology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Nistal M, Paniagua R, González-Peramato P, Reyes-Múgica M. Perspectives in Pediatric Pathology, Chapter 16. Klinefelter Syndrome and Other Anomalies in X and Y Chromosomes. Clinical and Pathological Entities. Pediatr Dev Pathol 2016; 19:259-77. [PMID: 25105890 DOI: 10.2350/14-06-1512-pb.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Nistal
- 1 Department of Pathology, Hospital La Paz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Calle Arzobispo Morcillo No. 2, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Ricardo Paniagua
- 2 Department of Cell Biology, Universidad de Alcala, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar González-Peramato
- 1 Department of Pathology, Hospital La Paz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Calle Arzobispo Morcillo No. 2, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Miguel Reyes-Múgica
- 3 Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, One Children's Hospital Drive, 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
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Cui YX, Wang WP, Li TF, Li WW, Wu QY, Li N, Zhang C, Yao Q, Hu YA, Xia XY. Clinical and cytogenomic studies in a case of infertility associated with a nonmosaic dicentric Y chromosome. Andrologia 2014; 47:477-81. [PMID: 24698150 DOI: 10.1111/and.12278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a short stature male with infertility is reported. Semen analysis and serum concentrations of FSH, LH, T and PRL were estimated. Chromosome analysis was performed on lymphocytes obtained from both the male and his parents. Cytogenomic studies were performed by fluorescent in situ hybridisation and the CytoScan(™) HD array analysis to detect Y chromosomal rearrangements and copy number mutations. Semen analysis showed severe oligozoospermia. Numerous spermatogenic cells were observed in the semen, and approximately 60% of the cells examined in semen were primary spermatocytes, showing spermatogenic arrest at the primary spermatocyte level. Cytogenomic studies of blood revealed his karyotype which was 46,X,i(Y) (p11.32) (Yqter→Yp11.32::Yp11.32→Yqter).ish (DYZ3++, SRY++, SHOX-). array (PLCXD1→SHOX) ×1,(SRY →GOLGA2P3Y)×2, (DHRSX→ ASMT, SPRY3 →IL9R)×3. The rearrangement Y chromosome is de novo. This is the first case reported with a nonmosaic 46,X, i (Y) (p11.32), which will be useful to estimate the infertility phenotype-molecular karyotype correlation. Haploinsufficiency of short stature homeobox-containing gene is primarily responsible for the short stature. Aberrations in pseudoautosomal region 1 on the rearranged Y chromosome may result in the deficiency of X-Y pairing or recombination, ultimately lead to the spermatogenic failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-X Cui
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
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DesGroseilliers M, Beaulieu Bergeron M, Brochu P, Lemyre E, Lemieux N. Phenotypic variability in isodicentric Y patients: study of nine cases. Clin Genet 2006; 70:145-50. [PMID: 16879197 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2006.00654.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Isodicentric chromosomes are the most commonly reported aberrations of the human Y chromosome. As they are unstable during cell division and can generate various types of cell lines, most reported patients are chromosomal mosaics, generally including a 45,X cell line. Phenotypes depend on the location of the breakpoints as well as on the proportion of each cell line and vary from male to abnormal female or individual with ambiguous genitalia. Although phenotypic variability is known to also depend on the degree of mosaicism in the various tissues, gonads are rarely studied. We report nine cases of isodicentric Y chromosomes studied by conventional and molecular cytogenetic: three males, five females, and one individual with sexual ambiguity. Two males had a non-mosaic karyotype, while the third male was a mosaic with a predominant 46,XY cell line. Three of the females had a major 45,X cell line, while the last two females and the patient with ambiguous genitalia had a major 46,X,idic(Y) cell line. Analyses of gonadal tissues from the individual with sexual ambiguity and of three of the five female patients gave results concordant with their phenotype, allowing us to better understand the sexual differentiation of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M DesGroseilliers
- Département de Pathologie et Biologie Cellulaire, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Heinritz W, Kotzot D, Heinze S, Kujat A, Kleemann WJ, Froster UG. Molecular and cytogenetic characterization of a non-mosaic isodicentric Y chromosome in a patient with Klinefelter syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2005; 132A:198-201. [PMID: 15578587 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.30446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We report on an adult male with Klinefelter phenotype and an isodicentric Y chromosome (47,XX,+idic(Y)(q12)), a combination which has to the best of our knowledge not been reported before. The patient was hospitalized in forensic psychiatry because of repeated delinquency, aggressive, aberrant and inappropriate behavior, and borderline intelligence. Molecular cytogenetic studies (FISH) showed that the SRY gene was present on both ends of the idicY, while there was only one signal for the Yq subtelomere probe. Molecular investigations by multiplex PCR, using STS markers covering the short and long arm of the Y chromosome did not indicate a deletion of Y chromosomal material. Molecular investigations of STR markers located on Xp22.3 and Xq28 indicated paternal origin of the additional X chromosome and an error in paternal meiosis I. Results of FISH analysis and molecular investigations are compatible with a phenotype as described for individuals with a 48,XXYY karyotype and support the findings that isodicentric Y chromosomes are frequently accompanied by other sex chromosomal abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfram Heinritz
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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Neas KR, Yip MY, James C, Kirk EPE. Patient with a non-mosaic isodicentric Yp and mild developmental delay. Am J Med Genet A 2005; 137:223-4. [PMID: 16082705 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.30740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Udler Y, Kauschansky A, Yeshaya J, Freedman J, Barkai U, Tobar A, Okon E, Halpern GJ, Shohat M, Legum C. Phenotypic expression of tissue mosaicism in a 45,X/46,X,dicY(q11.2) female. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 2001; 102:318-23. [PMID: 11503157 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.1456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
We describe a girl who presented at the age of 11 years with short stature. She had female external genitalia and some clinical features of Turner syndrome. At laparotomy a uterus and Fallopian tubes and small gonad-like tissue masses in the region of the Fallopian fimbria were found. The tissue masses were removed and histological examination revealed no organized testicular or ovarian morphology. Remnants of Fallopian tubes, epididymis, and clusters of Leydig cells were seen but no Sertoli cells were found. Endocrine studies showed levels of sex hormones consistent with primary gonadal failure. G-banding analysis of 16 blood lymphocytes revealed the karyotype 46,X,dicY(q11.2) in all cells. Varying proportions of X and Y centromeres in blood lymphocytes, skin fibroblasts, and in the incompletely formed Wolffian and Müllerian duct derivatives were demonstrated by FISH. Molecular studies confirmed the absence of most of the long arm of the Y chromosome and an intact short arm. The SRY gene was shown to be present, but we presume that due to the mosaicism the dose was insufficient to allow normal testicular development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Udler
- Department of Medical Genetics, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Campus, Petah Tikva 49100, Israel
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MOLECULAR ANALYSIS OF HYPOSPADIAS IN A BOY WITH DICENTRIC Y CHROMOSOME. J Urol 2001. [DOI: 10.1097/00005392-200104000-00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Zenteno JC, Canto P, Kofman-Alfaro S, Mendez JP. Evidence for genetic heterogeneity in male pseudohermaphroditism due to Leydig cell hypoplasia. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999; 84:3803-6. [PMID: 10523033 DOI: 10.1210/jcem.84.10.6081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Leydig cell aplasia or hypoplasia is a rare form of male pseudohermaphroditism resulting from inadequate fetal testicular Leydig cell differentiation. Affected individuals presented a wide phenotypic spectrum, ranging from complete female external genitalia to males with micropenis. Recessive mutations in the LH receptor gene have been identified as responsible for the condition. The majority of these mutations are point mutations and have been located in exon 11 of the gene. In this study, we report the molecular characterization of the LH receptor gene in three siblings with Leydig cell hypoplasia. After sequencing the 11 exons of the gene, no deleterious mutations were detected in any patient. However, we identified a previously described polymorphism in exon 11. In patients 1 and 3 DNA sequencing revealed a C to T substitution at nucleotide 1065; both patients were homozygous GAT/GAT at codon 355. In contrast, patient 2 was homozygous GAC/GAC, whereas the father and one unaffected sister were heterozygous GAC/GAT at this polymorphic site. These results exclude that Leydig cell hypoplasia in this family is due to a mutation in the LH receptor gene and provide evidence that defects in other loci may also result in failure of Leydig cell differentiation, demonstrating, for the first time, that Leydig cell hypoplasia is a genetically heterogeneous condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Zenteno
- Research Unit in Developmental Biology, Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico, DF, Mexico
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Abstract
Sexual dimorphism in humans has been the subject of wonder for centuries. In 355 BC, Aristotle postulated that sexual dimorphism arose from differences in the heat of semen at the time of copulation. In his scheme, hot semen generated males, whereas cold semen made females (Jacquart, D., and C. Thomasset. Sexuality and Medicine in the Middle Ages, 1988). In medieval times, there was great controversy about the existence of a female pope, who may have in fact had an intersex phenotype (New, M. I., and E. S. Kitzinger. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 76: 3-13, 1993.). Recent years have seen a resurgence of interest in mechanisms controlling sexual differentiation in mammals. Sex differentiation relies on establishment of chromosomal sex at fertilization, followed by the differentiation of gonads, and ultimately the establishment of phenotypic sex in its final form at puberty. Each event in sex determination depends on the preceding event, and normally, chromosomal, gonadal, and somatic sex all agree. There are, however, instances where chromosomal, gonadal, or somatic sex do not agree, and sexual differentiation is ambiguous, with male and female characteristics combined in a single individual. In humans, well-characterized patients are 46, XY women who have the syndrome of pure gonadal dysgenesis, and a subset of true hermaphrodites are phenotypic men with a 46, XX karyotype. Analysis of such individuals has permitted identification of some of the molecules involved in sex determination, including SRY (sex-determining region Y gene), which is a Y chromosomal gene fulfilling the genetic and conceptual requirements of a testis-determining factor. The purpose of this review is to summarize the molecular basis for syndromes of sexual ambiguity seen in human patients and to identify areas where further research is needed. Understanding how sex-specific gene activity is orchestrated may provide insight into the molecular basis of other cell fate decisions during development which, in turn, may lead to an understanding of aberrant cell fate decisions made in patients with birth defects and during neoplastic change.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Haqq
- Pediatric Surgical Research Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA
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