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Carlson JC, Krishnan M, Rosenthal SL, Russell EM, Zhang JZ, Hawley NL, Moors J, Cheng H, Dalbeth N, de Zoysa JR, Watson H, Qasim M, Murphy R, Naseri T, Reupena MS, Viali S, Stamp LK, Tuitele J, Kershaw EE, Deka R, McGarvey ST, Merriman TR, Weeks DE, Minster RL. A stop-gain variant in BTNL9 is associated with atherogenic lipid profiles. HGG ADVANCES 2023; 4:100155. [PMID: 36340932 PMCID: PMC9630829 DOI: 10.1016/j.xhgg.2022.100155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Current understanding of lipid genetics has come mainly from studies in European-ancestry populations; limited effort has focused on Polynesian populations, whose unique population history and high prevalence of dyslipidemia may provide insight into the biological foundations of variation in lipid levels. Here, we performed an association study to fine map a suggestive association on 5q35 with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) seen in Micronesian and Polynesian populations. Fine-mapping analyses in a cohort of 2,851 Samoan adults highlighted an association between a stop-gain variant (rs200884524; c.652C>T, p.R218∗; posterior probability = 0.9987) in BTNL9 and both lower HDL-C and greater triglycerides (TGs). Meta-analysis across this and several other cohorts of Polynesian ancestry from Samoa, American Samoa, and Aotearoa New Zealand confirmed the presence of this association (βHDL-C = -1.60 mg/dL, p HDL-C = 7.63 × 10-10; βTG = 12.00 mg/dL, p TG = 3.82 × 10-7). While this variant appears to be Polynesian specific, there is also evidence of association from other multiancestry analyses in this region. This work provides evidence of a previously unexplored contributor to the genetic architecture of lipid levels and underscores the importance of genetic analyses in understudied populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna C. Carlson
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mohanraj Krishnan
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Samantha L. Rosenthal
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, Department of Oral Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Emily M. Russell
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jerry Z. Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Nicola L. Hawley
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jaye Moors
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Hong Cheng
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Nicola Dalbeth
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Janak R. de Zoysa
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Huti Watson
- Ngāti Porou Hauora Charitable Trust, Te Puia Springs, Tairāwhiti East Coast, New Zealand
| | - Muhammad Qasim
- Ngāti Porou Hauora Charitable Trust, Te Puia Springs, Tairāwhiti East Coast, New Zealand
| | - Rinki Murphy
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Take Naseri
- Ministry of Health, Government of Samoa, Apia, Samoa
| | | | | | - Lisa K. Stamp
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - John Tuitele
- Department of Public Health, Government of American Samoa, Pago Pago, American Samoa
| | - Erin E. Kershaw
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ranjan Deka
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Stephen T. McGarvey
- International Health Institute, Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Anthropology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Tony R. Merriman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Daniel E. Weeks
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ryan L. Minster
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Moon CM, Kim SW, Ahn JB, Ma HW, Che X, Kim TI, Kim WH, Cheon JH. Deep Resequencing of Ulcerative Colitis-Associated Genes Identifies Novel Variants in Candidate Genes in the Korean Population. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2018; 24:1706-1717. [PMID: 29733354 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izy122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genome-wide association studies and meta-analyses have revealed the genetic background of ulcerative colitis (UC) by identifying common variants. However, these variants do not fully explain the disease variance in UC. To identify novel variants, we performed deep resequencing of UC-associated genes in Korean UC patients and subsequently investigated the functional roles of identified susceptibility genes. METHODS We performed targeted deep resequencing of 108 genes in 24 Korean UC patients and then performed association analysis with data from 126 healthy controls. We validated these variants using 2-stage replication studies including 793 UC patients and 783 controls. We performed in silico and pathway analyses and functional analyses. RESULTS The combined analysis including 2 replication studies identified 6 novel susceptibility loci and reconfirmed 10 previously reported loci. Among the novel single nucleotide variants (SNVs), rs10035653 in C5orf55 (P = 2.08 × 10-3; OR = 1.50), rs41417449 in BTNL2 (P = 1.27 × 10-2; OR = 1.32), rs3117099 in HCG23 (P = 9.98 × 10-6; OR = 1.40), rs7192 in HLA-DRA (P = 6.95 × 10-9; OR = 1.57), and rs3744246 in ORMDL3 (P = 2.21 × 10-2; OR = 1.21) were identified as causal variants, whereas rs713669 in IL17REL (P = 2.69 × 10-2; OR = 0.84) as a protective variant for UC. When correcting multiple testing, 3 novel SNVs (rs41417449 in BTNL2, rs3744246 in ORMDL3, and rs713669 in IL17REL) and 4 previously reported SNVs did not reach a statistical significance. Functional study suggested that SNVs of BTNL2 and C5orf55 exacerbated the inflammatory response both in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSIONS This study identified 3 novel susceptibility loci and validated 6 previously reported SNVs for UC through deep resequencing in Koreans and revealed the functional roles of BTNL2 and C5orf55.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Mo Moon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Won Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Bum Ahn
- Department of Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Woo Ma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiumei Che
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Il Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Ho Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hee Cheon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Pacheco Y, Calender A, Israël-Biet D, Roy P, Lebecque S, Cottin V, Bouvry D, Nunes H, Sève P, Pérard L, Devouassoux G, Freymond N, Khouatra C, Wallaert B, Lamy R, Elsensohn MH, Bardel C, Valeyre D. Familial vs. sporadic sarcoidosis: BTNL2 polymorphisms, clinical presentations, and outcomes in a French cohort. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2016; 11:165. [PMID: 27914482 PMCID: PMC5135764 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-016-0546-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The occurrence of familial forms of sarcoidosis (OMIM 181100) suggests a genetic predisposition. The involvement of butyrophilin-like 2 (BTNL2) gene (rs2076530 variant) has to be investigated. Results The study performed independent analyses of BTNL2 polymorphism, clinical phenotypes, and outcomes in familial vs. sporadic presentations in 256 sporadic and 207 familial cases from 140 families. The logistic multivariate model showed that a young age at diagnosis and the combination of lung and skin involvement at diagnosis may distinguish sporadic from familial sarcoidosis (p = 0.016 and p = 0.041). We observed also that Sarcoid Clinical Activity Classification (SCAC) profiles were significantly different between familial and sporadic cases (p = 0.0497). Variant rs2076530 was more frequent in patients than in controls (OR = 2.02; 95% CI: [1.32–3.09]) but showed no difference between sporadic and familial cases and no difference according to the clinical phenotype or the outcome. Conclusion Despite a significant difference in BTNL2 polymorphism between sarcoid patients and controls, there was no such difference between familial and sporadic sarcoidosis cases and no correlation between BTNL2 polymorphism and disease severity or outcome. Thus, BTNL2 difference cannot be considered as a key marker for disease classification or patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves Pacheco
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon 1, EA-7426, Lyon, France. .,Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 - EA-7426, 165 Chemin du Grand Revoyet, F-69495, Pierre Benite, France.
| | - Alain Calender
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Plateforme de génétique moléculaire, CR-21076, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon 1, INSERM U1052, Lyon, France
| | - Dominique Israël-Biet
- AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Service de Pneumologie, Centre de Compétence des maladies pulmonaires rares, Université René Descartes - Paris 5, Paris, France
| | - Pascal Roy
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service de Biostatistique, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5558, Lyon, France
| | - Serge Lebecque
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Lyon-Sud, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon1, INSERM U1052 - CNRS UMR5286, Lyon, France
| | - Vincent Cottin
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Louis Pradel, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon 1, UMR 754, Lyon, France
| | - Diane Bouvry
- AP-HP, Hôpital Avicenne, Université Paris13, EA2363, COMUE Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Hilario Nunes
- AP-HP, Hôpital Avicenne, Université Paris13, EA2363, COMUE Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Pascal Sève
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Croix-Rousse, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Laurent Pérard
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Gilles Devouassoux
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Croix-Rousse, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Nathalie Freymond
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon 1, EA-7426, Lyon, France
| | - Chahira Khouatra
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Louis Pradel, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon 1, UMR 754, Lyon, France
| | - Benoît Wallaert
- Centre hospitalo-universitaire de Lille, Service de Pneumologie et Immunoallergologie, Centre de Compétence Maladies Pulmonaires Rares, Université Lille 2, Lille, France
| | - Raphaelle Lamy
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Plateforme de génétique moléculaire, CR-21076, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon 1, INSERM U1052, Lyon, France
| | - Mad-Hélénie Elsensohn
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service de Biostatistique, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5558, Lyon, France
| | - Claire Bardel
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service de Biostatistique, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5558, Lyon, France
| | - Dominique Valeyre
- AP-HP, Hôpital Avicenne, Université Paris13, EA2363, COMUE Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
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Tong X, Ma Y, Niu X, Yan Z, Liu S, Peng B, Peng S, Fan H. The BTNL2 G16071A gene polymorphism increases granulomatous disease susceptibility: A meta-analysis including FPRP test of 8710 participants. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e4325. [PMID: 27472712 PMCID: PMC5265849 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000004325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The butyrophilin-like 2 (BTNL2) G16071A gene polymorphism has been implicated in the susceptibility to granulomatous diseases, but the results were inconclusive. The objective of the current study was to precisely explore the relationship between BTNL2 G16071A gene polymorphism and granulomatous disease susceptibility by the meta-analysis including false-positive report probability (FPRP) test. METHODS A systematic literature search in the PubMed, Embase, and Wanfang databases, China National Knowledge Internet, and commercial Internet search engines was conducted to identify studies published up to April 1, 2016. The odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to assess the effect size. Statistical analysis was conducted using the STATA 12.0 software and FPRP test sheet. RESULTS In total, all 4324 cases and 4386 controls from 14 eligible studies were included in the current meta-analysis. By the overall meta-analysis, we found a significant association between BTNL2 G16071A gene polymorphism and granulomatous disease susceptibility (A vs G: OR = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.07-1.45, P = 0.005). The meta-regression analyses showed that a large proportion of the between-study heterogeneity was significantly attributed to the ethnicity (A vs G, P = 0.013) and the types of granulomatous diseases (A vs G, P = 0.002). By the subgroup meta-analysis, the BTNL2 G16071A gene polymorphism was associated with granulomatous disease susceptibility in Caucasians (A vs G: OR = 1.37, 95% CI = 1.18-1.58, P < 0.001). Moreover, a significant relationship between the BTNL2 G16071A gene polymorphism and sarcoidosis susceptibility (A vs G: OR = 1.52, 95% CI = 1.39-1.66, P < 0.001) was found. However, to avoid the "false-positive report," we further investigated the significant associations observed in the present meta-analysis by the FPRP test. Interestingly, the results of FPRP test indicated that the BTNL2 G16071A gene polymorphism was truly associated with sarcoidosis susceptibility (A vs G, FPRP < 0.001). Additionally, the FPRP test confirmed that the BTNL2 G16071A gene polymorphism was associated only with granulomatous disease susceptibility among Caucasians (A vs G, FPRP < 0.001) at the level of a prior probability, which was 0.001. CONCLUSION The meta-analysis indicated that BTNL2 G16071A gene polymorphism may as a likelihood factor contributed to granulomatous disease susceptibility, especially increasing the sarcoidosis susceptibility. In addition, the polymorphism may be greatly associated with likelihood of granulomatous diseases among Caucasians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Tong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital/West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan
| | - Yao Ma
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital/West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan
| | - Xundong Niu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia
| | - Zhipeng Yan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital/West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan
| | - Sitong Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital/West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan
| | - Bo Peng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Leshan Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Leshan, Sichuan, China
| | - Shifeng Peng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital/West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan
| | - Hong Fan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital/West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan
- Correspondence: Hong Fan, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital/West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Guoxuexiang 37, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China (e-mail: fanhongfanscu@.sina.cn, )
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Hong SN, Park C, Park SJ, Lee CK, Ye BD, Kim YS, Lee S, Chae J, Kim JI, Kim YH. Deep resequencing of 131 Crohn's disease associated genes in pooled DNA confirmed three reported variants and identified eight novel variants. Gut 2016; 65:788-96. [PMID: 25731871 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2014-308617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Genome wide association studies (GWAS) and meta-analyses for Crohn's disease (CD) have not fully explained the heritability of CD, suggesting that additional loci are yet to be found and that the known loci may contain high effect rare risk variants that have thus far gone undetected by GWAS. While the cost of deep sequencing remains too high to analyse many samples, targeted sequencing of pooled DNA samples allows the efficient and cost effective capture of all variations in a target region. DESIGN We performed pooled sequencing in 500 Korean CD cases and 1000 controls to evaluate the coding exon and 5' and 3' untranslated regions of 131 CD associated genes. The identified genetic variants were validated using genotyping in an independent set of 500 CD cases and 1000 controls. RESULTS Pooled sequencing identified 30 common/low single nucleotide variants (SNVs) in 12 genes and 3 rare SNVs in 3 genes. Our results confirmed a significant association of CD with the following previously reported risk loci: rs3810936 in TNFSF15 (OR=1.83, p<2.2×10(-16)), rs76418789 in IL23R (OR=0.47, p=1.14×10(-8)) and rs2241880 in ATG16L1 (OR=1.30, p=5.28×10(-6)). In addition, novel loci were identified in TNFSF8 (rs3181374, OR=1.53, p=1.03×10(-14)), BTNL2 (rs28362680, OR=1.47, p=9.67×10(-11)), HLA-DQA2 (rs3208181, OR=1.36, p=4.66×10(-6)), STAT3 (rs1053004, OR=1.29, p=2.07×10(-5)), NFKBIA (rs2273650, OR=0.80, p=3.93×10(-4)), NKX2-3 (rs888208, OR=0.82, p=6.37×10(-4)) and DNAH12 (rs4462937, OR=1.13, p=3.17×10(-2)). A novel rare SNV, rs200735402 in CARD9, was shown to have a protective effect (OR=0.09, p=5.28×10(-5)). CONCLUSIONS Our deep resequencing of 131 CD associated genes confirmed 3 reported risk loci and identified 8 novel risk loci for CD in Koreans, providing new insights into the genetic architecture of CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Noh Hong
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Changho Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo Jung Park
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang Kyun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byong Duk Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology and Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Asan Medical Centre, University of Ulsan College of Medicine
| | - You Sun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seungbok Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea Medical Research Center, Genomic Medicine Institute (GMI), Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeesoo Chae
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong-Il Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea Medical Research Center, Genomic Medicine Institute (GMI), Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Ho Kim
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Aigner J, Villatoro S, Rabionet R, Roquer J, Jiménez-Conde J, Martí E, Estivill X. A common 56-kilobase deletion in a primate-specific segmental duplication creates a novel butyrophilin-like protein. BMC Genet 2013; 14:61. [PMID: 23829304 PMCID: PMC3729544 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2156-14-61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Butyrophilin-like (BTNL) proteins are likely to play an important role in inflammation and immune response. Like the B7 protein family, many human and murine BTNL members have been shown to control T lymphocytes response, and polymorphisms in human BTNL2 have been linked to several inflammatory diseases, such as pulmonary sarcoidosis, inflammatory bowel disease and neonatal lupus. Results In this study we provide a comprehensive population, genomic and transcriptomic analysis of a 56-kb deletion copy number variant (CNV), located within two segmental duplications of two genes belonging to the BTNL family, namely BTNL8 and BTNL3. We confirm the presence of a novel BTNL8*3 fusion-protein product, and show an influence of the deletion variant on the expression level of several genes involved in immune function, including BTNL9, another member of the same family. Moreover, by genotyping HapMap and human diversity panel (HGDP) samples, we demonstrate a clear difference in the stratification of the BTNL8_BTNL3-del allele frequency between major continental human populations. Conclusion Despite tremendous progress in the field of structural variation, rather few CNVs have been functionally characterized so far. Here, we show clear functional consequences of a new deletion CNV (BTNL8_BTNL3-del) with potentially important implication in the human immune system and in inflammatory and proliferative disorders. In addition, the marked population differences found of BTNL8_BTNL3-del frequencies suggest that this deletion CNV might have evolved under positive selection due to environmental conditions in some populations, with potential phenotypic consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Aigner
- Bioinformatics and Genomics Program, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona 08003, Spain
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Exome sequencing identifies novel rheumatoid arthritis-susceptible variants in the BTNL2. J Hum Genet 2013; 58:210-5. [DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2013.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Spagnolo P, Luppi F, Cerri S, Richeldi L. Genetic testing in diffuse parenchymal lung disease. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2012; 7:79. [PMID: 23075428 PMCID: PMC3489730 DOI: 10.1186/1750-1172-7-79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2012] [Accepted: 10/14/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diffuse parenchymal lung diseases (DPLD) represent a diverse group of disorders affecting the distal lung parenchyma, specifically the tissue and spaces surrounding the alveoli, which may be filled with inflammatory cells, proliferating fibroblasts or established fibrosis, often leading to architectural distortion and impaired gas exchange. While the underlying pathogenetic mechanisms are known or inferred for some DPLD (such as sarcoidosis, silicosis, drug reactions and collagen vascular diseases), the pathogenesis of the majority of these entities - particularly those characterized by progressive fibrosis - is poorly understood. Several lines of evidence indicate that the development of pulmonary fibrosis is genetically determined. They include: 1. familial clustering; 2. the occurrence of pulmonary fibrosis in the context of rare inherited disorders; 3. substantial variability in the development of pulmonary fibrosis amongst individuals exposed to organic or inorganic dusts; 4. difference in susceptibility to fibrogenic stimuli amongst inbred strains of mice. This review focuses on idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and sarcoidosis, the two most common DPLD and the two entities for which there is stronger evidence of a genetic predisposition, although how aberrant genes interact with each other and with environmental factors, such as smoking in IPF and infectious agents in sarcoidosis, in determining disease susceptibility and clinical phenotypes is largely unknown. Finally, we discuss practical issues and implications for both patients and physicians of recent advances in the genetics of sarcoidosis and IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Spagnolo
- Department of Oncology, Center for Rare Lung Disease, Hematology, and Respiratory Diseases, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via del Pozzo 71, Modena, 41124, Italy.
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Abeler-Dörner L, Swamy M, Williams G, Hayday AC, Bas A. Butyrophilins: an emerging family of immune regulators. Trends Immunol 2011; 33:34-41. [PMID: 22030238 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2011.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2011] [Revised: 09/04/2011] [Accepted: 09/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Butyrophilins (Btns) and butyrophilin-like (Btnl) molecules are emerging as novel regulators of immune responses in mice and humans. Several clues point to their probable importance: many of the genes are located within the MHC; they are structurally related to B7-co-stimulatory molecules; they are functionally implicated in T cell inhibition and in the modulation of epithelial cell-T cell interactions; and they are genetically associated with inflammatory diseases. Nonetheless, initial immersion into the current literature can uncover confusion over even basic information such as gene names and expression patterns, and seemingly conflicting data regarding the biological activities of different family members. This review addresses each of these issues, concluding with the attractive potential of Btn and Btnl molecules to act as specific attenuators of tissue-associated inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Abeler-Dörner
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, King's College School of Medicine, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
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Milman N, Svendsen CB, Nielsen FC, van Overeem Hansen T. The BTNL2 A allele variant is frequent in Danish patients with sarcoidosis. CLINICAL RESPIRATORY JOURNAL 2011; 5:105-11. [PMID: 21410903 DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-699x.2010.00206.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The butyrophilin-like 2 (BTNL2) gene is located on chromosome 6p21.3 close to the HLA-class II genes. An association has been reported between sarcoidosis and a single nucleotide polymorphism in BTNL2, rs2076530, also termed the A allele. OBJECTIVES To evaluate whether patients with sarcoidosis carry the A allele more frequently than healthy subjects. METHODS The series comprised 87 ethnic Danes with sarcoidosis and 113 healthy control subjects. Analysis of rs2076530 was performed by Taqman assay, polymerase chain reaction and sequencing of genomic DNA. RESULTS Sarcoidosis patients had a higher frequency of the A allele than controls (73.9% vs 55.8%) (P < 0.025). The frequency of GG, GA and AA genotype was 5.7%, 40.2% and 54.0% in patients vs 16.0%, 56.6% and 27.4% in controls (P < 0.001). The AA genotype was associated with increased risk of sarcoidosis in both a dominant [odds ratio (OR) 3.1; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1-8.7; P < 0.03] and a recessive model (OR 3.1; 95% CI 1.72-5.61; P < 0.001). Population attributable fraction for disease was 50% in a dominant model and 25% in a recessive model. CONCLUSIONS The BTNL2 A allele variant occurs with a high frequency in Danish patients with sarcoidosis and the AA genotype is associated with a ∼threefold higher risk of sarcoidosis than the GG genotype. Our results should encourage future studies on the interrelationship between the BTNL2 protein and granuloma formation in sarcoidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Milman
- Department of Rheumatology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark.
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Abstract
Despite the availability of effective treatment for several decades, leprosy remains an important medical problem in many regions of the world. Infection with Mycobacterium leprae can produce paucibacillary disease, characterized by well-formed granulomas and a Th1 T-cell response, or multibacillary disease, characterized by poorly organized cellular infiltrates and Th2 cytokines. These diametric immune responses confer states of relative resistance or susceptibility to leprosy, respectively, and have well-defined clinical manifestations. As a result, leprosy provides a unique opportunity to dissect the genetic basis of human in vivo immunity. A series of studies over the past 40 years suggests that host genes influence the risk of leprosy acquisition and the predilection for different clinical forms of the disease. However, a comprehensive, cellular, and molecular view of the genes and variants involved is still being assembled. In this article, we review several decades of human genetic studies of leprosy, including a number of recent investigations. We emphasize genetic analyses that are validated by the replication of the same phenotype in independent studies or supported by functional experiments demonstrating biological mechanisms of action for specific polymorphisms. Identifying and functionally exploring the genetic and immunological factors that underlie human susceptibility to leprosy have yielded important insights into M. leprae pathogenesis and are likely to advance our understanding of the immune response to other pathogenic mycobacteria. This knowledge may inform new treatment or vaccine strategies for leprosy or tuberculosis.
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13
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Wijnen PA, Voorter CE, Nelemans PJ, Verschakelen JA, Bekers O, Drent M. Butyrophilin-like 2 in pulmonary sarcoidosis: a factor for susceptibility and progression? Hum Immunol 2011; 72:342-7. [PMID: 21256912 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2011.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2010] [Revised: 12/18/2010] [Accepted: 01/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to assess the association of BTNL2G16071A with the course of pulmonary sarcoidosis and to verify the association with disease predisposition. In addition, the linkage between BTNL2G16071A and certain human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DRB1/DQB1 types was investigated. In a retrospective case-control study BTNL2G16071A, HLA-DQB1, and HLA-DRB1 were typed in 632 sarcoidosis patients. These patients were classified into 304 patients with persistent sarcoidosis and 328 patients with nonpersistent sarcoidosis. The BTNL2 16071A variant allele was present significantly more often in patients with persistent disease (92.4%; 281/304) compared with patients demonstrating a nonpersistent course (86.6%; 284/328; odds ratio (OR) = 1.89 with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.11-3.22). Furthermore, BTNL2 16071A variant allele carriers have an increased risk (OR = 1.85, 95% CI 1.19-2.88) of developing sarcoidosis. Moreover, the strong linkage between variant allele and HLA-DRB1*15 presence (OR = 8.43, 95% CI 3.02-23.5) was confirmed. The presence of a BTNL2G16071A variant allele almost doubles the risk of progressing to persistent pulmonary sarcoidosis in addition to increasing the risk of developing sarcoidosis. Presumably, these increased risks are caused by the strong linkage between BTNL2G16071A and DRB1*15. The choice between determining BTNL2G16071A SNP or the HLA-DRB1 type depends on the ability and/or availability to perform either test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petal A Wijnen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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14
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Lian Y, Yue J, Han M, Liu J, Liu L. Analysis of the association between BTNL2 polymorphism and tuberculosis in Chinese Han population. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2010; 10:517-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2010.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2009] [Revised: 02/09/2010] [Accepted: 02/15/2010] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Abstract
The intestine is subjected to a barrage of insults from food, bacterial flora, and pathogens. Despite this constant antigenic challenge, the mucosal tissues lining the intestinal tract remain largely under control. The mechanisms regulating the homeostatic balance in the gut have been investigated for many years by many groups, but the precise nature of the regulatory control remains elusive. In this review, we provide an overview of pathways proposed to be involved in dampening the inflammatory response and maintaining the homeostatic balance in the intestine, and how these pathways may be disrupted in ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease.
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Sirota M, Schaub MA, Batzoglou S, Robinson WH, Butte AJ. Autoimmune disease classification by inverse association with SNP alleles. PLoS Genet 2009; 5:e1000792. [PMID: 20041220 PMCID: PMC2791168 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1000792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2009] [Accepted: 11/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
With multiple genome-wide association studies (GWAS) performed across autoimmune diseases, there is a great opportunity to study the homogeneity of genetic architectures across autoimmune disease. Previous approaches have been limited in the scope of their analysis and have failed to properly incorporate the direction of allele-specific disease associations for SNPs. In this work, we refine the notion of a genetic variation profile for a given disease to capture strength of association with multiple SNPs in an allele-specific fashion. We apply this method to compare genetic variation profiles of six autoimmune diseases: multiple sclerosis (MS), ankylosing spondylitis (AS), autoimmune thyroid disease (ATD), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), Crohn's disease (CD), and type 1 diabetes (T1D), as well as five non-autoimmune diseases. We quantify pair-wise relationships between these diseases and find two broad clusters of autoimmune disease where SNPs that make an individual susceptible to one class of autoimmune disease also protect from diseases in the other autoimmune class. We find that RA and AS form one such class, and MS and ATD another. We identify specific SNPs and genes with opposite risk profiles for these two classes. We furthermore explore individual SNPs that play an important role in defining similarities and differences between disease pairs. We present a novel, systematic, cross-platform approach to identify allele-specific relationships between disease pairs based on genetic variation as well as the individual SNPs which drive the relationships. While recognizing similarities between diseases might lead to identifying novel treatment options, detecting differences between diseases previously thought to be similar may point to key novel disease-specific genes and pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Sirota
- Stanford Center for Biomedical Informatics Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital, Palo Alto, California, United States of America
| | - Marc A. Schaub
- Computer Science Department, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Serafim Batzoglou
- Computer Science Department, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - William H. Robinson
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, United States of America
| | - Atul J. Butte
- Stanford Center for Biomedical Informatics Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital, Palo Alto, California, United States of America
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Spagnolo P, Sato H, Grutters JC, Renzoni EA, Marshall SE, Ruven HJT, Wells AU, Tzouvelekis A, van Moorsel CHM, van den Bosch JMM, du Bois RM, Welsh KI. Analysis of BTNL2 genetic polymorphisms in British and Dutch patients with sarcoidosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 70:219-27. [PMID: 17661910 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2007.00879.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Sarcoidosis is a heterogeneous disorder, both phenotypically and genetically. Two independent studies have recently shown that a functional polymorphism within butyrophilin-like 2 (BTNL2) gene predisposes to sarcoidosis independently of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DRB1 alleles. However, in both studies, data analysis was not stratified by Löfgren's syndrome, a clinically and genetically distinct sarcoidosis subset. BTNL2, potentially encoding an immune coreceptor, is adjacent and in linkage disequilibrium (LD) with HLA-DRB1. We investigated six BTNL2 variants, including the functional rs2076530 (G > A), as well as HLA-DRB1 alleles, by sequence-specific primers-polymerase chain reaction, in 288 patients and 446 controls from two European countries. In the patient group as a whole, the HLA-DRB1*14 [odds ratio (OR) = 3.1, P(c) = 0.0003], DRB1*12 (OR = 2.5, P(c) = 0.003), and BTNL2 rs2076530 A allele (OR = 1.49, P(c) = 0.002) were all associated with disease susceptibility. However, after exclusion of patients presenting with Löfgren's syndrome and after adjusting for HLA-DRB1 alleles, the association between BTNL2 rs2076530 A and disease disappeared (P = 0.23). By contrast, both HLA-DRB1*14 and DRB1*12 remained strongly significant (OR = 3.60, P < 0.0001 and OR = 3.03, P = 0.003, respectively). BTNL2 haplotype 4, tagged by the rs2076530 G allele, also remained associated with non-Löfgren sarcoidosis after adjusting for HLA-DRB1 alleles (OR 0.37, P = 0.016). In summary, HLA-DRB1*14, DRB1*12, and BTNL2 haplotype 4--but not rs2076530 A--are associated with non-Löfgren sarcoidosis. However, the tight LD across the HLA complex makes it difficult to identify the precise location of the susceptibility locus/i. Larger sample sets from different ethnic groups, finer mapping, and more robust LD analyses across the HLA region are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Spagnolo
- Clinical Genomic Group, National Heart and Lung Institute, Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Imperial College, 1B Manresa Road, London, UK.
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