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Hsieh Y, Tsai T, Huang S, Heng J, Huang Y, Tsai P, Tu C, Chao T, Tsai Y, Chang P, Lee C, Yu G, Chang S, Dzhagalov IL, Hsu C. IFN-stimulated metabolite transporter ENT3 facilitates viral genome release. EMBO Rep 2023; 24:e55286. [PMID: 36652307 PMCID: PMC9986816 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202255286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
An increasing amount of evidence emphasizes the role of metabolic reprogramming in immune cells to fight infections. However, little is known about the regulation of metabolite transporters that facilitate and support metabolic demands. In this study, we found that the expression of equilibrative nucleoside transporter 3 (ENT3, encoded by solute carrier family 29 member 3, Slc29a3) is part of the innate immune response, which is rapidly upregulated upon pathogen invasion. The transcription of Slc29a3 is directly regulated by type I interferon-induced signaling, demonstrating that this metabolite transporter is an interferon-stimulated gene (ISG). Suprisingly, we unveil that several viruses, including SARS-CoV-2, require ENT3 to facilitate their entry into the cytoplasm. The removal or suppression of Slc29a3 expression is sufficient to significantly decrease viral replication in vitro and in vivo. Our study reveals that ENT3 is a pro-viral ISG co-opted by some viruses to gain a survival advantage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu‐Ting Hsieh
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Tsung‐Lin Tsai
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- Taiwan International Graduate Program in Molecular MedicineNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung University and Academia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Shen‐Yan Huang
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Jian‐Wen Heng
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Yu‐Chia Huang
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Pei‐Yuan Tsai
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Chia‐Chun Tu
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | | | - Ya‐Min Tsai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical BiotechnologyNational Taiwan University College of MedicineTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Pei‐Ching Chang
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Chien‐Kuo Lee
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, College of MedicineNational Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Guann‐Yi Yu
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research InstitutesMiaoliTaiwan
| | - Sui‐Yuan Chang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical BiotechnologyNational Taiwan University College of MedicineTaipeiTaiwan
- Department of Laboratory MedicineNational Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of MedicineTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Ivan L. Dzhagalov
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Chia‐Lin Hsu
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- Taiwan International Graduate Program in Molecular MedicineNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung University and Academia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan
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2
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Pujar M, Vastrad B, Kavatagimath S, Vastrad C, Kotturshetti S. Identification of candidate biomarkers and pathways associated with type 1 diabetes mellitus using bioinformatics analysis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9157. [PMID: 35650387 PMCID: PMC9160069 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13291-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a metabolic disorder for which the underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely unclear. This investigation aimed to elucidate essential candidate genes and pathways in T1DM by integrated bioinformatics analysis. In this study, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analyzed using DESeq2 of R package from GSE162689 of the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis, REACTOME pathway enrichment analysis, and construction and analysis of protein–protein interaction (PPI) network, modules, miRNA-hub gene regulatory network and TF-hub gene regulatory network, and validation of hub genes were performed. A total of 952 DEGs (477 up regulated and 475 down regulated genes) were identified in T1DM. GO and REACTOME enrichment result results showed that DEGs mainly enriched in multicellular organism development, detection of stimulus, diseases of signal transduction by growth factor receptors and second messengers, and olfactory signaling pathway. The top hub genes such as MYC, EGFR, LNX1, YBX1, HSP90AA1, ESR1, FN1, TK1, ANLN and SMAD9 were screened out as the critical genes among the DEGs from the PPI network, modules, miRNA-hub gene regulatory network and TF-hub gene regulatory network. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis confirmed that these genes were significantly associated with T1DM. In conclusion, the identified DEGs, particularly the hub genes, strengthen the understanding of the advancement and progression of T1DM, and certain genes might be used as candidate target molecules to diagnose, monitor and treat T1DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhu Pujar
- Department of Pediatrics, J J M Medical College, Davangere, Karnataka, 577004, India
| | - Basavaraj Vastrad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, K.L.E. College of Pharmacy, Gadag, Karnataka, 582101, India
| | - Satish Kavatagimath
- Department of Pharmacognosy, K.L.E. College of Pharmacy, Belagavi, Karnataka, 590010, India
| | - Chanabasayya Vastrad
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Chanabasava Nilaya, Bharthinagar, Dharwad, Karnataka, 580001, India.
| | - Shivakumar Kotturshetti
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Chanabasava Nilaya, Bharthinagar, Dharwad, Karnataka, 580001, India
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3
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Goodarzi A, Anaraki K, Khosravi S, Behrangi E, Sadeghzadeh-Bazargan A. Review of the current literature on H syndrome treatment. J Family Med Prim Care 2022; 11:857-860. [PMID: 35495792 PMCID: PMC9051674 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1435_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
H syndrome is a systemic inherited autosomal recessive histiocytosis, with characteristic cutaneous findings accompanying systemic manifestations and a most common genetic mutation (OMIM 612391) as SLC29A3. The term “H Syndrome” is representative of presentation with hyperpigmentation, hypertrichosis, hepatosplenomegaly, heart anomalies, hearing loss, hypogonadism, low height, and, occasionally, hyperglycemia. H syndrome is new and growing entity in medicine. This syndrome is not specific to a region or a nationality. There are very few treatment experiences on H Syndrome patients and most of them are unsatisfactory apart from hypertrichosis, which is able to treat almost permanently by hair removal lasers. Latest findings suggest that there is possibility of prevention of short stature or other cutaneous or systemic complications in this syndrome with earlier diagnosis and treatment. We searched Medline, Scopus, Web of Sciences, and Google Scholar, up to now and reviewed previous published papers with emphasis on treatment methods and its effects on certain common symptoms.
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4
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Trzeciak A, Wang YT, Perry JSA. First we eat, then we do everything else: The dynamic metabolic regulation of efferocytosis. Cell Metab 2021; 33:2126-2141. [PMID: 34433074 PMCID: PMC8568659 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2021.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Clearance of apoptotic cells, or "efferocytosis," is essential for diverse processes including embryonic development, tissue turnover, organ regeneration, and immune cell development. The human body is estimated to remove approximately 1% of its body mass via apoptotic cell clearance daily. This poses several intriguing cell metabolism problems. For instance, phagocytes such as macrophages must induce or suppress metabolic pathways to find, engulf, and digest apoptotic cells. Then, phagocytes must manage the potentially burdensome biomass of the engulfed apoptotic cell. Finally, phagocytes reside in complex tissue architectures that vary in nutrient availability, the types of dying cells or debris that require clearance, and the neighboring cells they interact with. Here, we review advances in our understanding of these three key areas of phagocyte metabolism. We end by proposing a model of efferocytosis that integrates recent findings and establishes a new paradigm for testing how efferocytosis prevents chronic inflammatory disease and autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alissa Trzeciak
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ya-Ting Wang
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Justin Shaun Arnold Perry
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA; Louis V. Gerstner Jr. Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 417 E 68th Street, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Weill Cornell Medical College, 417 E 68th Street, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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5
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Phenotypic intrafamilial variability including H syndrome and Rosai-Dorfman disease associated with the same c.1088G > A mutation in the SLC29A3 gene. Hum Genomics 2021; 15:63. [PMID: 34657628 PMCID: PMC8522101 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-021-00362-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mutations in the SLC29A3 gene, which encodes the nucleoside transporter hENT3, have been implicated in syndromic forms of histiocytosis including H syndrome, pigmented hypertrichosis with insulin-dependent diabetes, Faisalabad histiocytosis and Familial Rosai–Dorfman disease (RDD). Herein, we report five new patients from a single family who present with phenotypes that associate features of H syndrome and Familial Rosai–Dorfman disease. Methods We investigated the clinical, biochemical, histopathological and molecular findings in five Tunisian family members' diagnosed with Familial RDD and/or H syndrome. The solute carrier family 29 (nucleoside transporters), member 3 (SLC29A3) gene was screened for molecular diagnosis using direct Sanger sequencing. Results Genetic analysis of all affected individuals revealed a previously reported missense mutation c.1088 G > A [p.Arg363Gln] in exon 6 of the SLC29A3 gene. Four affected members presented with clinical features consistent with the classical H syndrome phenotype. While their cousin’s features were in keeping with Familial Rosai–Dorfman disease diagnosis with a previously undescribed cutaneous RDD presenting as erythematous nodular plaques on the face. This report underlines the clinical variability of SLC29A3 disorders even with an identical mutation in the same family. Conclusion We report a rare event of 5 Tunisian family members' found to be homozygous for SLC29A3 gene mutations but showing a different phenotype severity. Our study reveals that despite a single mutation, the clinical expression of the SLC29A3 disorders may be significantly heterogeneous suggesting a poor genotype–phenotype correlation for the disease.
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6
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Shi D, Motamed M, Mejía-Benítez A, Li L, Lin E, Budhram D, Kaur Y, Meyre D. Genetic syndromes with diabetes: A systematic review. Obes Rev 2021; 22:e13303. [PMID: 34268868 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Previous reviews and clinical guidelines have identified 10-20 genetic syndromes associated with diabetes, but no systematic review has been conducted to date. We provide the first comprehensive catalog for syndromes with diabetes mellitus. We conducted a systematic review of MEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL, PubMed, OMIM, and Orphanet databases for case reports, case series, and observational studies published between 1946 and January 15, 2020, that described diabetes mellitus in adults and children with monogenic or chromosomal syndromes. Our literature search identified 7,122 studies, of which 160 fulfilled inclusion criteria. Our analysis of these studies found 69 distinct diabetes syndromes. Thirty (43.5%) syndromes included diabetes mellitus as a cardinal clinical feature, and 56 (81.2%) were fully genetically elucidated. Sixty-three syndromes (91.3%) were described more than once in independent case reports, of which 59 (93.7%) demonstrated clinical heterogeneity. Syndromes associated with diabetes mellitus are more numerous and diverse than previously anticipated. While knowledge of the syndromes is limited by their low prevalence, future reviews will be needed as more cases are identified. The genetic etiologies of these syndromes are well elucidated and provide potential avenues for future gene identification efforts, aid in diagnosis and management, gene therapy research, and developing personalized medicine treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Shi
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mehras Motamed
- Faculty of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aurora Mejía-Benítez
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Leon Li
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ethan Lin
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dalton Budhram
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yuvreet Kaur
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Meyre
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Division of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Nutrition, University Hospital of Nancy, Nancy, France.,Faculty of Medicine of Nancy INSERM UMR_S 1256, Nutrition, Genetics, and Environmental Risk Exposure, University of Lorraine, Nancy, France
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7
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Mikdar M, González-Menéndez P, Cai X, Zhang Y, Serra M, Dembele AK, Boschat AC, Sanquer S, Chhuon C, Guerrera IC, Sitbon M, Hermine O, Colin Y, Le Van Kim C, Kinet S, Mohandas N, Xia Y, Peyrard T, Taylor N, Azouzi S. The equilibrative nucleoside transporter ENT1 is critical for nucleotide homeostasis and optimal erythropoiesis. Blood 2021; 137:3548-3562. [PMID: 33690842 PMCID: PMC8225918 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020007281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The tight regulation of intracellular nucleotides is critical for the self-renewal and lineage specification of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Nucleosides are major metabolite precursors for nucleotide biosynthesis and their availability in HSCs is dependent on their transport through specific membrane transporters. However, the role of nucleoside transporters in the differentiation of HSCs to the erythroid lineage and in red cell biology remains to be fully defined. Here, we show that the absence of the equilibrative nucleoside transporter (ENT1) in human red blood cells with a rare Augustine-null blood type is associated with macrocytosis, anisopoikilocytosis, an abnormal nucleotide metabolome, and deregulated protein phosphorylation. A specific role for ENT1 in human erythropoiesis was demonstrated by a defective erythropoiesis of human CD34+ progenitors following short hairpin RNA-mediated knockdown of ENT1. Furthermore, genetic deletion of ENT1 in mice was associated with reduced erythroid progenitors in the bone marrow, anemia, and macrocytosis. Mechanistically, we found that ENT1-mediated adenosine transport is critical for cyclic adenosine monophosphate homeostasis and the regulation of erythroid transcription factors. Notably, genetic investigation of 2 ENT1null individuals demonstrated a compensation by a loss-of-function variant in the ABCC4 cyclic nucleotide exporter. Indeed, pharmacological inhibition of ABCC4 in Ent1-/- mice rescued erythropoiesis. Overall, our results highlight the importance of ENT1-mediated nucleotide metabolism in erythropoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Mikdar
- Université de Paris, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) S1134, Biologie Intégrée du Globule Rouge, INSERM, Paris, France
- Centre National de Référence pour les Groupes Sanguins (CNRGS), Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, Paris, France
- Laboratoire d'Excellence (GR-Ex), Paris, France
| | - Pedro González-Menéndez
- Laboratoire d'Excellence (GR-Ex), Paris, France
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Universite Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Montpellier, France
| | - Xiaoli Cai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Yujin Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Marion Serra
- Université de Paris, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) S1134, Biologie Intégrée du Globule Rouge, INSERM, Paris, France
- Centre National de Référence pour les Groupes Sanguins (CNRGS), Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, Paris, France
- Laboratoire d'Excellence (GR-Ex), Paris, France
| | - Abdoul K Dembele
- Université de Paris, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) S1134, Biologie Intégrée du Globule Rouge, INSERM, Paris, France
- Centre National de Référence pour les Groupes Sanguins (CNRGS), Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, Paris, France
- Laboratoire d'Excellence (GR-Ex), Paris, France
| | | | - Sylvia Sanquer
- INSERM UMR S1124, Université de Paris, Service de Biochimie Métabolomique et Protéomique, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Cerina Chhuon
- Université de Paris, Proteomics Platform 3P5-Necker, Structure Fédérative de Recherche Necker, INSERM US24/CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Ida Chiara Guerrera
- Université de Paris, Proteomics Platform 3P5-Necker, Structure Fédérative de Recherche Necker, INSERM US24/CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Marc Sitbon
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Universite Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Montpellier, France
| | - Olivier Hermine
- Laboratoire d'Excellence (GR-Ex), Paris, France
- Université de Paris, UMR 8147, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Yves Colin
- Université de Paris, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) S1134, Biologie Intégrée du Globule Rouge, INSERM, Paris, France
- Centre National de Référence pour les Groupes Sanguins (CNRGS), Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, Paris, France
- Laboratoire d'Excellence (GR-Ex), Paris, France
| | - Caroline Le Van Kim
- Université de Paris, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) S1134, Biologie Intégrée du Globule Rouge, INSERM, Paris, France
- Centre National de Référence pour les Groupes Sanguins (CNRGS), Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, Paris, France
- Laboratoire d'Excellence (GR-Ex), Paris, France
| | - Sandrina Kinet
- Laboratoire d'Excellence (GR-Ex), Paris, France
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Universite Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Montpellier, France
| | | | - Yang Xia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Thierry Peyrard
- Université de Paris, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) S1134, Biologie Intégrée du Globule Rouge, INSERM, Paris, France
- Centre National de Référence pour les Groupes Sanguins (CNRGS), Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, Paris, France
- Laboratoire d'Excellence (GR-Ex), Paris, France
| | - Naomi Taylor
- Laboratoire d'Excellence (GR-Ex), Paris, France
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Universite Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Montpellier, France
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Slim Azouzi
- Université de Paris, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) S1134, Biologie Intégrée du Globule Rouge, INSERM, Paris, France
- Centre National de Référence pour les Groupes Sanguins (CNRGS), Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, Paris, France
- Laboratoire d'Excellence (GR-Ex), Paris, France
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8
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Simsek E, Simsek T, Eren M, Yilmaz E, Arik D, Cilingir O, Ceylaner S, Harmancı K. Clinical, Histochemical, and Molecular Study of Three Turkish Siblings Diagnosed with H Syndrome, and Literature Review. Horm Res Paediatr 2020; 91:346-355. [PMID: 30625464 DOI: 10.1159/000495190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The term "H syndrome" was coined to denote the major clinical findings, which include hyperpigmentation, hypertrichosis, hearing loss, hepatosplenomegaly, hyperglycaemia, hypogonadism, hallux flexion contractures, and short height. OBJECTIVE To report the clinical, endocrinological, histochemical, and genetic findings of three siblings. METHODS Skin and liver biopsies were taken to investigate the histochemical characteristics of hyperpigmented hypertrichotic skin lesions and massive hepatomegaly. The levels of basal serum thyroid hormones, oestradiol, total testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinising hormone, and stimulated growth hormone (GH) were measured to investigate the endocrine aspects of the syndrome. Mutation analysis was carried out in all six exons and exon-intron boundaries of SLC29A3 by direct sequencing. RESULTS Physical examination of the patients revealed common charac-teristic findings of H syndrome. Additional clinical findings were sectorial iris atrophy in the younger sister. Laboratory evaluation revealed microcytic anaemia, markedly increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein levels, and humoral immune deficiency in the younger siblings, who presented with recurrent fever and sinopulmonary infection. Two different GH stimulation tests revealed GH deficiency in the younger sister with short stature. Liver and skin biopsies revealed polyclonal lymphohistiocytic and plasma cell infiltration. Sequencing of SLC29A3 in the three siblings revealed a novel homozygous mutation in exon 6, which caused the transition of arginine to tryptophan. CONCLUSION This study not only extended the clinical and mutation spectrum of SLC29A3 in H syndrome, but also showed that short children should be assessed according to the guidelines for short stature in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enver Simsek
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Eskisehir Osmangazi University School of Medicine, Eskisehir, Turkey,
| | - Tulay Simsek
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eskisehir Osmangazi University School of Medicine, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Makbule Eren
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Eskisehir Osmangazi University School of Medicine, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Evrim Yilmaz
- Department of Pathology, Eskisehir Osmangazi University School of Medicine, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Deniz Arik
- Department of Pathology, Eskisehir Osmangazi University School of Medicine, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Oguz Cilingir
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Eskisehir Osmangazi University School of Medicine, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | | | - Koray Harmancı
- Department of Paediatric Allergy and Immunology, Eskisehir Osmangazi University School of Medicine, Eskisehir, Turkey
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9
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El-Bassyouni HT, Thomas MM, Tosson AMS. Mutation in the SLC29A3 Gene in an Egyptian Patient with H Syndrome: A Case Report and Review of Literature. J Pediatr Genet 2019; 9:109-113. [PMID: 32341814 DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1697900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Histiocytosis-lymphadenopathy plus syndrome (H syndrome) is caused by mutations in the SLC29A3 gene that result in histiocytic infiltration of numerous organs. Patients suffering from this disorder can be easily mistaken for similar conditions such as Muckle-Wells syndrome. We present a 9.5-year-old boy, who is the offspring of a consanguineous marriage. He suffered from sensorineural hearing loss, dark hyperpigmented indurated dry areas on the medial thighs sparing the knees with hypertrichosis on the affected areas, and areas of hypopigmentation on the abdomen. The patient displayed mild dysmorphism including frontal bossing, synophrys, bilateral proptosis (with normal thyroid function), thick eyebrows, flat nose, long philtrum, and pectus excavatum. Formal intelligence testing showed that he was a slow learner. Laboratory findings included elevated serum amyloid-A, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and total proteins in urine tests. Complete blood count showed mild microcytic hypochromic anemia. The molecular analysis was crucial to confirm the provisional clinical diagnosis. H syndrome is a rare autoinflammatory syndrome with pleiotropic manifestations that affect many organs and can be mistaken for other conditions. Our patient's description may expand the phenotype of H syndrome, as areas of hypopigmentation were observed on the abdomen. Molecular analysis of SLC29A3 -related diseases is essential to highlight the variability and increase the awareness of H syndrome aiming for early diagnosis and proper treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hala T El-Bassyouni
- Division of Human Genetics and Genome Research, Department of Clinical Genetics, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Manal M Thomas
- Division of Human Genetics and Genome Research, Department of Clinical Genetics, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Angie M S Tosson
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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10
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Nair S, Strohecker AM, Persaud AK, Bissa B, Muruganandan S, McElroy C, Pathak R, Williams M, Raj R, Kaddoumi A, Sparreboom A, Beedle AM, Govindarajan R. Adult stem cell deficits drive Slc29a3 disorders in mice. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2943. [PMID: 31270333 PMCID: PMC6610100 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10925-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations exclusively in equilibrative nucleoside transporter 3 (ENT3), the only intracellular nucleoside transporter within the solute carrier 29 (SLC29) gene family, cause an expanding spectrum of human genetic disorders (e.g., H syndrome, PHID syndrome, and SHML/RDD syndrome). Here, we identify adult stem cell deficits that drive ENT3-related abnormalities in mice. ENT3 deficiency alters hematopoietic and mesenchymal stem cell fates; the former leads to stem cell exhaustion, and the latter leads to breaches of mesodermal tissue integrity. The molecular pathogenesis stems from the loss of lysosomal adenosine transport, which impedes autophagy-regulated stem cell differentiation programs via misregulation of the AMPK-mTOR-ULK axis. Furthermore, mass spectrometry-based metabolomics and bioenergetics studies identify defects in fatty acid utilization, and alterations in mitochondrial bioenergetics can additionally propel stem cell deficits. Genetic, pharmacologic and stem cell interventions ameliorate ENT3-disease pathologies and extend the lifespan of ENT3-deficient mice. These findings delineate a primary pathogenic basis for the development of ENT3 spectrum disorders and offer critical mechanistic insights into treating human ENT3-related disorders. Mutations in equilibrative nucleoside transporter 3 (ENT3), encoded by SLC29A3, cause a spectrum of human genetic disorders. Here, the authors show altered haematopoietic stem cell and mesenchymal stem cell fates in ENT3-deficient mice, due to misregulation of the AMPK-mTOR-ULK axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreenath Nair
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Anne M Strohecker
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.,Molecular Biology and Cancer Genetics, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Avinash K Persaud
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Bhawana Bissa
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Shanmugam Muruganandan
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Craig McElroy
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Rakesh Pathak
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Michelle Williams
- Department of Radiology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Radhika Raj
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Amal Kaddoumi
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Alex Sparreboom
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Aaron M Beedle
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, SUNY Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA
| | - Rajgopal Govindarajan
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA. .,Translational Therapeutics, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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11
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Dias-Polak D, Indelman M, Bergman R, Avitan-Hersh E. The histopathology and phenotypic variability in H syndrome. Clin Case Rep 2018. [PMID: 29531721 PMCID: PMC5838267 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.1329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin biopsy may be helpful in the diagnosis of H syndrome. A triad of dermal fibrosis, lymphocytic aggregates, and numerous CD68+, CD163+, S100‐positive, and CD1a‐negative dermal histiocytes is characteristic.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Dias-Polak
- Department of Dermatology Rambam Health Care Campus HaAliya HaShniya St 8, Haifa POB 9602 Haifa 31096 Israel
| | - Margarita Indelman
- Laboratory of Molecular Dermatology The Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion Rambam Health Care Campus HaAliya HaShniya St 8, Haifa POB 9602 Haifa 31096 Israel
| | - Reuven Bergman
- Department of Dermatology Rambam Health Care Campus HaAliya HaShniya St 8, Haifa POB 9602 Haifa 31096 Israel.,Laboratory of Molecular Dermatology The Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion Rambam Health Care Campus HaAliya HaShniya St 8, Haifa POB 9602 Haifa 31096 Israel
| | - Emily Avitan-Hersh
- Department of Dermatology Rambam Health Care Campus HaAliya HaShniya St 8, Haifa POB 9602 Haifa 31096 Israel.,Laboratory of Molecular Dermatology The Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion Rambam Health Care Campus HaAliya HaShniya St 8, Haifa POB 9602 Haifa 31096 Israel
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12
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Rahman MF, Askwith C, Govindarajan R. Molecular determinants of acidic pH-dependent transport of human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 3. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:14775-14785. [PMID: 28729424 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.787952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Equilibrative nucleoside transporters (ENTs) translocate hydrophilic nucleosides across cellular membranes and are essential for salvage nucleotide synthesis and purinergic signaling. Unlike the prototypic human ENT members hENT1 and hENT2, which mediate plasma membrane nucleoside transport at pH 7.4, hENT3 is an acidic pH-activated lysosomal transporter partially localized to mitochondria. Recent studies demonstrate that hENT3 is indispensable for lysosomal homeostasis, and that mutations in hENT3 can result in a spectrum of lysosomal storage-like disorders. However, despite hENT3's prominent role in lysosome pathophysiology, the molecular basis of hENT3-mediated transport is unknown. Therefore, we sought to examine the mechanistic basis of acidic pH-driven hENT3 nucleoside transport with site-directed mutagenesis, homology modeling, and [3H]adenosine flux measurements in mutant RNA-injected Xenopus oocytes. Scanning mutagenesis of putative residues responsible for pH-dependent transport via hENT3 revealed that the ionization states of Asp-219 and Glu-447, and not His, strongly determined the pH-dependent transport permissible-impermissible states of the transporter. Except for substitution with certain isosteric and polar residues, substitution of either Asp-219 or Glu-447 with any other residues resulted in robust activity that was pH-independent. Dual substitution of Asp-219 and Glu-447 to Ala sustained pH-independent activity over a broad range of physiological pH (pH 5.5-7.4), which also maintained stringent substrate selectivity toward endogenous nucleosides and clinically used nucleoside drugs. Our results suggest a putative pH-sensing role for Asp-219 and Glu-447 in hENT3 and that the size, ionization state, or electronegative polarity at these positions is crucial for obligate acidic pH-dependent activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Fazlur Rahman
- From the Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy
| | | | - Rajgopal Govindarajan
- From the Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, .,the Translational Therapeutics Program, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
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13
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Bakhchane A, Kindil Z, Charoute H, Benchikhi K, Khadir K, Nadifi S, Baline K, Roky R, Barakat A. Compound heterozygous SLC29A3 mutation causes H syndrome in a Moroccan patient: A case report. Curr Res Transl Med 2016; 64:65-8. [PMID: 27316388 DOI: 10.1016/j.retram.2016.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
H syndrome is an autosomal recessive syndrome, which affects the skin and some vital organs, it is caused by mutations in the SLC29A3 gene, encoding the human equilibrative nucleoside transporter hENT3. This report describes a patient with typical features of H syndrome. Based on the patient's clinical features, SLC29A3 was selected for molecular investigation. Through direct sequencing, a compound heterozygous alteration in the SLC29A3 gene was found. The c.243delA frameshift mutation leading to a premature termination, resulting in a truncated protein, and a splice site mutation c.300+1G>C predicted to cause a splicing error. This contribution extends the clinical variability of compound heterozygous SLC29A3 mutations resulting in an additional multisystemic manifestation of the clinical spectrum of SLC29A3 disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bakhchane
- Pasteur Institute, Human Molecular Genetic Laboratory, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Z Kindil
- Pasteur Institute, Human Molecular Genetic Laboratory, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - H Charoute
- Pasteur Institute, Human Molecular Genetic Laboratory, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - K Benchikhi
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital University Ibn Rochd, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - K Khadir
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital University Ibn Rochd, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - S Nadifi
- Laboratory of Human Genetics and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of medicine, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - K Baline
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital University Ibn Rochd, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - R Roky
- Université Hassan II Ain Chock, Laboratoire de Physiologie et génétique moléculaire, Km 8 Route d'El Jadida, BP 5366 Maarif, 20100 Casablanca, Morocco
| | - A Barakat
- Pasteur Institute, Human Molecular Genetic Laboratory, Casablanca, Morocco.
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14
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Al-Haggar M, Salem N, Wahba Y, Ahmad N, Jonard L, Abdel-Hady D, El-Hawary A, El-Sharkawy A, Eid AR, El-Hawary A. Novel homozygous SLC29A3 mutations among two unrelated Egyptian families with spectral features of H-syndrome. Pediatr Diabetes 2015; 16:305-16. [PMID: 24894595 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.12160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES H syndrome and pigmented hypertrichosis with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (PHID) had been described as two autosomal recessive disorders. We aim to screen for pathogenic SLC29A3 mutations in two unrelated Egyptian families with affected siblings of these overlapping syndromes. METHODS Clinical, laboratory, histopathological, and radiological characteristics of individuals probably diagnosed as H and/or PHID syndrome were reported. Mutation analysis of SLC29A3 gene was performed for all members of the two Egyptian families. RESULTS All affected individuals were females; proband of family-I (A1961) displayed overlapping features of H syndrome and PHID, while her younger brother (A1962) was asymptomatic. A1961 presented with previously undescribed features; absent pectoralis major muscle and a supracondylar bony spur in left humerus. In family-II, probands (A1965 and A1966) had clinical features consistent with classical H syndrome with unique early onset of cutaneous phenomena at birth. Mutation analysis of SLC29A3 revealed homozygous mutation previously reported in literature c.1279G>A [p.G427S] in A1961 and unexpectedly in the asymptomatic A1962 of family-I. Probands of family-II were homozygous for a novel mutation c.401G>A [p.R134H], in the same codon that was published in an Indian boy [p.R134C]. CONCLUSIONS We emphasize the inter- and intra-familial genetic heterogeneity among Egyptian patients with overlapping features of SLC29A3 disorders. This suggests the presence of other factors like regulatory genes or epigenetic factors that may explain variable disease manifestations and severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Al-Haggar
- Genetics Unit, Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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15
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H syndrome: The first 79 patients. J Am Acad Dermatol 2014; 70:80-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2013.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Revised: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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16
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de Jesus J, Imane Z, Senée V, Romero S, Guillausseau PJ, Balafrej A, Julier C. SLC29A3 mutation in a patient with syndromic diabetes with features of pigmented hypertrichotic dermatosis with insulin-dependent diabetes, H syndrome and Faisalabad histiocytosis. DIABETES & METABOLISM 2013; 39:281-5. [PMID: 23623699 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2013.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Revised: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Atypical forms of diabetes may be caused by monogenic mutations in key genes controlling beta-cell development, survival and function. This report describes an insulin-dependent diabetes patient with a syndromic presentation in whom a homozygous SLC29A3 mutation was identified. METHODS SLC29A3 was selected as the candidate gene based on the patient's clinical manifestations, and all exons and flanking regions in the patient's genomic DNA were sequenced. RESULTS A homozygous splice mutation (c.300+1G>C) resulting in a frameshift and truncated protein (p.N101LfsX34) was identified. The patient had insulin-dependent diabetes, congenital deafness, short stature, hyperpigmented patches on the skin, dysmorphic features, cardiomegaly, arthrogryposis, hepatosplenomegaly, anaemia with erythroblastopenia, and an inflammatory syndrome with fever and arthritis; she also presented with a fibrotic mediastinal mass. These clinical features overlapped with pigmented hypertrichosis with insulin-dependent diabetes (PHID), H syndrome, Faisalabad histiocytosis and sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy (SHML), all of which are also caused by SLC29A3 mutations. CONCLUSION This is the most severe case reported of SLC29A3 mutations with cumulative features of all these syndromes. This extreme severity coincides with the most N-terminal location of the truncation mutation, thereby affecting all alternative transcripts of the gene. This case report extends the clinical variability of homozygous SLC29A3 mutations that result in a spectrum of multisystemic manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- J de Jesus
- Inserm UMR-S958, Medical Faculty Paris 7, site Villemin, Paris, France
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