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Guo YY, Gao Y, Zhao YL, Xie C, Gan H, Cheng X, Yang LP, Hu J, Shu HB, Zhong B, Lin D, Yao J. Viral infection and spread are inhibited by the polyubiquitination and downregulation of TRPV2 channel by the interferon-stimulated gene TRIM21. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114095. [PMID: 38613787 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Interferon (IFN) contributes to the host's antiviral response by inducing IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). However, their functional targets and the mechanism of action remain elusive. Here, we report that one such ISG, TRIM21, interacts with and degrades the TRPV2 channel in myeloid cells, reducing its expression and providing host protection against viral infections. Moreover, viral infection upregulates TRIM21 in paracrine and autocrine manners, downregulating TRPV2 in neighboring cells to prevent viral spread to uninfected cells. Consistently, the Trim21-/- mice are more susceptible to HSV-1 and VSV infection than the Trim21+/+ littermates, in which viral susceptibility is rescued by inhibition or deletion of TRPV2. Mechanistically, TRIM21 catalyzes the K48-linked ubiquitination of TRPV2 at Lys295. TRPV2K295R is resistant to viral-infection-induced TRIM21-dependent ubiquitination and degradation, promoting viral infection more profoundly than wild-type TRPV2 when reconstituted into Lyz2-Cre;Trpv2fl/fl myeloid cells. These findings characterize targeting the TRIM21-TRPV2 axis as a conducive strategy to control viral spread to bystander cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Yao Guo
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Frontier Science Center of Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China; Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center of Immunology and Metabolism, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China
| | - Yue Gao
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Frontier Science Center of Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China
| | - Yun-Lin Zhao
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Frontier Science Center of Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China
| | - Chang Xie
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Frontier Science Center of Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China
| | - Hu Gan
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Frontier Science Center of Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China
| | - Xufeng Cheng
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Frontier Science Center of Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China
| | - Li-Ping Yang
- Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center of Immunology and Metabolism, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China
| | - Junyan Hu
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Frontier Science Center of Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China
| | - Hong-Bing Shu
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Frontier Science Center of Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China; Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center of Immunology and Metabolism, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China
| | - Bo Zhong
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Frontier Science Center of Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China; Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center of Immunology and Metabolism, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China.
| | - Dandan Lin
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Frontier Science Center of Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China.
| | - Jing Yao
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Frontier Science Center of Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China.
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2
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Tran DT, Batchu SN, Advani A. Interferons and interferon-related pathways in heart disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 11:1357343. [PMID: 38665231 PMCID: PMC11043610 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1357343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Interferons (IFNs) and IFN-related pathways play key roles in the defence against microbial infection. However, these processes may also be activated during the pathogenesis of non-infectious diseases, where they may contribute to organ injury, or function in a compensatory manner. In this review, we explore the roles of IFNs and IFN-related pathways in heart disease. We consider the cardiac effects of type I IFNs and IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs); the emerging role of the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway; the seemingly paradoxical effects of the type II IFN, IFN-γ; and the varied actions of the interferon regulatory factor (IRF) family of transcription factors. Recombinant IFNs and small molecule inhibitors of mediators of IFN receptor signaling are already employed in the clinic for the treatment of some autoimmune diseases, infections, and cancers. There has also been renewed interest in IFNs and IFN-related pathways because of their involvement in SARS-CoV-2 infection, and because of the relatively recent emergence of cGAS-STING as a pattern recognition receptor-activated pathway. Whether these advances will ultimately result in improvements in the care of those experiencing heart disease remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andrew Advani
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Lum KK, Reed TJ, Yang J, Cristea IM. Differential Contributions of Interferon Classes to Host Inflammatory Responses and Restricting Virus Progeny Production. J Proteome Res 2024. [PMID: 38564653 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Fundamental to mammalian intrinsic and innate immune defenses against pathogens is the production of Type I and Type II interferons, such as IFN-β and IFN-γ, respectively. The comparative effects of IFN classes on the cellular proteome, protein interactions, and virus restriction within cell types that differentially contribute to immune defenses are needed for understanding immune signaling. Here, a multilayered proteomic analysis, paired with biochemical and molecular virology assays, allows distinguishing host responses to IFN-β and IFN-γ and associated antiviral impacts during infection with several ubiquitous human viruses. In differentiated macrophage-like monocytic cells, we classified proteins upregulated by IFN-β, IFN-γ, or pro-inflammatory LPS. Using parallel reaction monitoring, we developed a proteotypic peptide library for shared and unique ISG signatures of each IFN class, enabling orthogonal confirmation of protein alterations. Thermal proximity coaggregation analysis identified the assembly and maintenance of IFN-induced protein interactions. Comparative proteomics and cytokine responses in macrophage-like monocytic cells and primary keratinocytes provided contextualization of their relative capacities to restrict virus production during infection with herpes simplex virus type-1, adenovirus, and human cytomegalovirus. Our findings demonstrate how IFN classes induce distinct ISG abundance and interaction profiles that drive antiviral defenses within cell types that differentially coordinate mammalian immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystal K Lum
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Washington Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Tavis J Reed
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Washington Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Jinhang Yang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Washington Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Ileana M Cristea
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Washington Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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Li XQ, Zeng L, Liang DG, Qi YL, Yang GY, Zhong K, Chu BB, Wang J. TMEM41B Is an Interferon-Stimulated Gene That Promotes Pseudorabies Virus Replication. J Virol 2023; 97:e0041223. [PMID: 37255475 PMCID: PMC10308899 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00412-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudorabies virus (PRV) is a double-stranded DNA virus that causes Aujeszky's disease and is responsible for economic loss worldwide. Transmembrane protein 41B (TMEM41B) is a novel endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-localized regulator of autophagosome biogenesis and lipid mobilization; however, the role of TMEM41B in regulating PRV replication remains undocumented. In this study, PRV infection was found to upregulate TMEM41B mRNA and protein levels both in vitro and in vivo. For the first time, we found that TMEM41B could be induced by interferon (IFN), suggesting that TMEM41B is an IFN-stimulated gene (ISG). While TMEM41B knockdown suppressed PRV proliferation, TMEM41B overexpression promoted PRV proliferation. We next studied the specific stages of the virus life cycle and found that TMEM41B knockdown affected PRV entry. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that the knockdown of TMEM41B blocked PRV-stimulated expression of the key enzymes involved in lipid synthesis. Additionally, TMEM41B knockdown played a role in the dynamics of lipid-regulated PRV entry-dependent clathrin-coated pits (CCPs). Lipid replenishment restored the CCP dynamic and PRV entry in TMEM41B knockdown cells. Together, our results indicate that TMEM41B plays a role in PRV infection via regulating lipid homeostasis. IMPORTANCE PRV belongs to the alphaherpesvirus subfamily and can establish and maintain a lifelong latent infection in pigs. As such, an intermittent active cycle presents great challenges to the prevention and control of PRV disease and is responsible for serious economic losses to the pig breeding industry. Studies have shown that lipids play a crucial role in PRV proliferation. Thus, the manipulation of lipid metabolism may represent a new perspective for the prevention and treatment of PRV. In this study, we report that the ER transmembrane protein TMEM41B is a novel ISG involved in PRV infection by regulating lipid synthesis. Therefore, our findings indicate that targeting TMEM41B may be a promising approach for the development of PRV vaccines and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Qing Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Growth and Development of Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Lei Zeng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Growth and Development of Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Dong-Ge Liang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Growth and Development of Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Yan-Li Qi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Growth and Development of Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Guo-Yu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Growth and Development of Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Kai Zhong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Growth and Development of Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Bei-Bei Chu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Growth and Development of Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Jiang Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Growth and Development of Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
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5
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Itell HL, Humes D, Overbaugh J. Several cell-intrinsic effectors drive type I interferon-mediated restriction of HIV-1 in primary CD4 + T cells. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112556. [PMID: 37227817 PMCID: PMC10592456 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Type I interferon (IFN) upregulates proteins that inhibit HIV within infected cells. Prior studies have identified IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) that impede lab-adapted HIV in cell lines, yet the ISG(s) that mediate IFN restriction in HIV target cells, primary CD4+ T cells, are unknown. Here, we interrogate ISG restriction of primary HIV in CD4+ T cells by performing CRISPR-knockout screens with a custom library that specifically targets ISGs expressed in CD4+ T cells. Our investigation identifies previously undescribed HIV-restricting ISGs (HM13, IGFBP2, LAP3) and finds that two factors characterized in other HIV infection models (IFI16 and UBE2L6) mediate IFN restriction in T cells. Inactivation of these five ISGs in combination further diminishes IFN's protective effect against diverse HIV strains. This work demonstrates that IFN restriction of HIV is multifaceted, resulting from several effectors functioning collectively, and establishes a primary cell ISG screening model to identify both single and combinations of HIV-restricting ISGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah L Itell
- Molecular and Cellular Biology PhD Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Daryl Humes
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Julie Overbaugh
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
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Xing J, Hu C, Che S, Lan Y, Huang L, Liu L, Yin Y, Li H, Liao M, Qi W. USP1-Associated Factor 1 Modulates Japanese Encephalitis Virus Replication by Governing Autophagy and Interferon-Stimulated Genes. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0318622. [PMID: 36988464 PMCID: PMC10269463 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03186-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a typical mosquito-borne flavivirus that can cause central nervous system diseases in humans and animals. Host factors attempt to limit virus replication when the viruses invade the host by using various strategies for replication. It is essential to clarify the host factors that affect the life cycle of JEV and explore its underlying mechanism. Here, we found that USP1-associated factor 1 (UAF1; also known as WD repeat-containing protein 48) modulated JEV replication. We found that JEV propagation significantly increased in UAF1-depleted Huh7 cells. Moreover, we found that knockdown of UAF1 activated cell autophagic flux in further functional analysis. Subsequently, we demonstrated that autophagy can be induced by JEV, which promotes viral replication by inhibiting interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) expression in Huh7 cells. The knockdown of UAF1 reduced ISG expression during JEV infection. To explore the possible roles of autophagy in UAF1-mediated inhibition of JEV propagation, we knocked out ATG7 to generate autophagy-deficient cells and found that depletion of UAF1 failed to promote JEV replication in ATG7 knockout cells. Moreover, in ATG7-deficient Huh7 cells, interference with UAF1 expression did not lead to the induction of autophagy. Taken together, these findings indicate that UAF1 is a critical regulator of autophagy and reveal a mechanism by which UAF1 knockdown activates autophagy to promote JEV replication. IMPORTANCE Host factors play an essential role in virus replication and pathogenesis. Although UAF1 is well known to form complexes with ubiquitin-specific proteases, little is known about the function of the UAF1 protein itself. In this study, we confirmed that UAF1 is involved in JEV replication. Notably, we discovered a novel function for UAF1 in regulating autophagy. Furthermore, we demonstrated that UAF1 modulated JEV replication through its autophagy regulation. This study is the first description of the novel function of UAF1 in regulating autophagy, and it clarifies the underlying mechanism of the antiviral effect of UAF1 against JEV. These results provide a new mechanistic insight into the functional annotation of UAF1 and provide a potential target for increasing virus production during vaccine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinchao Xing
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chen Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siqi Che
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yixin Lan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lihong Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lele Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
| | - Youqin Yin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huanan Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming Liao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenbao Qi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
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7
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Tessema MB, Tuipulotu DE, Oates CV, Brooks AG, Man SM, Londrigan SL, Reading PC. Mouse guanylate-binding protein 1 does not mediate antiviral activity against influenza virus in vitro or in vivo. Immunol Cell Biol 2023; 101:383-396. [PMID: 36744765 PMCID: PMC10952839 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Many interferon (IFN)-stimulated genes are upregulated within host cells following infection with influenza and other viruses. While the antiviral activity of some IFN-stimulated genes, such as the IFN-inducible GTPase myxoma resistance (Mx)1 protein 1, has been well defined, less is known regarding the antiviral activities of related IFN-inducible GTPases of the guanylate-binding protein (GBP) family, particularly mouse GBPs, where mouse models can be used to assess their antiviral properties in vivo. Herein, we demonstrate that mouse GBP1 (mGBP1) was upregulated in a mouse airway epithelial cell line (LA-4 cells) following pretreatment with mouse IFNα or infection by influenza A virus (IAV). Whereas doxycycline-inducible expression of mouse Mx1 (mMx1) in LA-4 cells resulted in reduced susceptibility to IAV infection and reduced viral growth, inducible mGBP1 did not. Moreover, primary cells isolated from mGBP1-deficient mice (mGBP1-/- ) showed no difference in susceptibility to IAV and mGBP1-/- macrophages showed no defect in IAV-induced NLRP3 (NLR family pyrin domain containing 3) inflammasome activation. After intranasal IAV infection, mGBP1-/- mice also showed no differences in virus replication or induction of inflammatory responses in the airways during infection. Thus, using complementary approaches such as mGBP1 overexpression, cells from mGBP1-/- mice and intranasal infection of mGBP1-/- we demonstrate that mGBP1 does not play a major role in modulating IAV infection in vitro or in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melkamu B Tessema
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyThe Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Daniel Enosi Tuipulotu
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Disease, The John Curtin School of Medical ResearchThe Australian National UniversityCanberraACTAustralia
| | - Clare V Oates
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyThe Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Andrew G Brooks
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyThe Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Si Ming Man
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Disease, The John Curtin School of Medical ResearchThe Australian National UniversityCanberraACTAustralia
| | - Sarah L Londrigan
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyThe Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Patrick C Reading
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyThe Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference LaboratoryThe Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityMelbourneVICAustralia
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8
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Huang CH, Huang YC, Xu JK, Chen SY, Tseng LC, Huang JL, Lin CS. ATM Inhibition-Induced ISG15/IFI27/OASL Is Correlated with Immunotherapy Response and Inflamed Immunophenotype. Cells 2023; 12:cells12091288. [PMID: 37174688 PMCID: PMC10177353 DOI: 10.3390/cells12091288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy can improve the survival of cancer patients with a high tumor mutation burden (TMB-H) or deficiency in DNA mismatch repair (dMMR) in their tumors. However, most cancer patients without TMB-H and dMMR do not benefit from ICB therapy. The inhibition of ATM can increase DNA damage and activate the interferon response, thus modulating the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) and the efficacy of ICB therapy. In this study, we showed that ATM inhibition activated interferon signaling and induced interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) in cisplatin-resistant and parent cancer cells. The ISGs induced by ATM inhibition were correlated with survival in cancer patients who received ICB therapy. In oral cancer, high expressions of ISG15, IFI27, and OASL were associated with low expressions of ATM, the activation of inflamed immune pathways, and increased tumor-infiltrating scores of CD8+ T, natural killer, and dendritic cells. The high expressions of ISG15, IFI27, and OASL were also correlated with complete remission in patients with cervical cancer treated with cisplatin. These results suggest that ATM inhibition can induce the interferon response and inflamed TIME, which may benefit ICB therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Han Huang
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Cian Huang
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Kai Xu
- Department of Bioscience Technology, College of Health Science, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan 711, Taiwan
| | - Si-Yun Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Lu-Chia Tseng
- Department of Bioscience Technology, College of Health Science, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan 711, Taiwan
| | - Jau-Ling Huang
- Department of Bioscience Technology, College of Health Science, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan 711, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Shen Lin
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
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9
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Hsieh Y, Tsai T, Huang S, Heng J, Huang Y, Tsai P, Tu C, Chao T, Tsai Y, Chang P, Lee C, Yu G, Chang S, Dzhagalov IL, Hsu C. IFN-stimulated metabolite transporter ENT3 facilitates viral genome release. EMBO Rep 2023; 24:e55286. [PMID: 36652307 PMCID: PMC9986816 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202255286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
An increasing amount of evidence emphasizes the role of metabolic reprogramming in immune cells to fight infections. However, little is known about the regulation of metabolite transporters that facilitate and support metabolic demands. In this study, we found that the expression of equilibrative nucleoside transporter 3 (ENT3, encoded by solute carrier family 29 member 3, Slc29a3) is part of the innate immune response, which is rapidly upregulated upon pathogen invasion. The transcription of Slc29a3 is directly regulated by type I interferon-induced signaling, demonstrating that this metabolite transporter is an interferon-stimulated gene (ISG). Suprisingly, we unveil that several viruses, including SARS-CoV-2, require ENT3 to facilitate their entry into the cytoplasm. The removal or suppression of Slc29a3 expression is sufficient to significantly decrease viral replication in vitro and in vivo. Our study reveals that ENT3 is a pro-viral ISG co-opted by some viruses to gain a survival advantage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu‐Ting Hsieh
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Tsung‐Lin Tsai
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- Taiwan International Graduate Program in Molecular MedicineNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung University and Academia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Shen‐Yan Huang
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Jian‐Wen Heng
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Yu‐Chia Huang
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Pei‐Yuan Tsai
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Chia‐Chun Tu
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | | | - Ya‐Min Tsai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical BiotechnologyNational Taiwan University College of MedicineTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Pei‐Ching Chang
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Chien‐Kuo Lee
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, College of MedicineNational Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Guann‐Yi Yu
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research InstitutesMiaoliTaiwan
| | - Sui‐Yuan Chang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical BiotechnologyNational Taiwan University College of MedicineTaipeiTaiwan
- Department of Laboratory MedicineNational Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of MedicineTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Ivan L. Dzhagalov
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Chia‐Lin Hsu
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- Taiwan International Graduate Program in Molecular MedicineNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung University and Academia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan
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10
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Schindewolf C, Lokugamage K, Vu MN, Johnson BA, Scharton D, Plante JA, Kalveram B, Crocquet-Valdes PA, Sotcheff S, Jaworski E, Alvarado RE, Debbink K, Daugherty MD, Weaver SC, Routh AL, Walker DH, Plante KS, Menachery VD. SARS-CoV-2 Uses Nonstructural Protein 16 To Evade Restriction by IFIT1 and IFIT3. J Virol 2023; 97:e0153222. [PMID: 36722972 PMCID: PMC9973020 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01532-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the molecular basis of innate immune evasion by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an important consideration for designing the next wave of therapeutics. Here, we investigate the role of the nonstructural protein 16 (NSP16) of SARS-CoV-2 in infection and pathogenesis. NSP16, a ribonucleoside 2'-O-methyltransferase (MTase), catalyzes the transfer of a methyl group to mRNA as part of the capping process. Based on observations with other CoVs, we hypothesized that NSP16 2'-O-MTase function protects SARS-CoV-2 from cap-sensing host restriction. Therefore, we engineered SARS-CoV-2 with a mutation that disrupts a conserved residue in the active site of NSP16. We subsequently show that this mutant is attenuated both in vitro and in vivo, using a hamster model of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Mechanistically, we confirm that the NSP16 mutant is more sensitive than wild-type SARS-CoV-2 to type I interferon (IFN-I) in vitro. Furthermore, silencing IFIT1 or IFIT3, IFN-stimulated genes that sense a lack of 2'-O-methylation, partially restores fitness to the NSP16 mutant. Finally, we demonstrate that sinefungin, an MTase inhibitor that binds the catalytic site of NSP16, sensitizes wild-type SARS-CoV-2 to IFN-I treatment and attenuates viral replication. Overall, our findings highlight the importance of SARS-CoV-2 NSP16 in evading host innate immunity and suggest a target for future antiviral therapies. IMPORTANCE Similar to other coronaviruses, disruption of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) NSP16 function attenuates viral replication in a type I interferon-dependent manner. In vivo, our results show reduced disease and viral replication at late times in the hamster lung, but an earlier titer deficit for the NSP16 mutant (dNSP16) in the upper airway. In addition, our results confirm a role for IFIT1 but also demonstrate the necessity of IFIT3 in mediating dNSP16 attenuation. Finally, we show that targeting NSP16 activity with a 2'-O-methyltransferase inhibitor in combination with type I interferon offers a novel avenue for antiviral development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig Schindewolf
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Kumari Lokugamage
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Michelle N. Vu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Bryan A. Johnson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Dionna Scharton
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
- World Reference Center for Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Jessica A. Plante
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
- World Reference Center for Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Birte Kalveram
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Stephanea Sotcheff
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Elizabeth Jaworski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Rojelio E. Alvarado
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
- Institute for Translational Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Kari Debbink
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Matthew D. Daugherty
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Scott C. Weaver
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
- World Reference Center for Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Andrew L. Routh
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - David H. Walker
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
- Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Disease, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Kenneth S. Plante
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
- World Reference Center for Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Vineet D. Menachery
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
- World Reference Center for Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
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11
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Song L, Wang D, Abbas G, Li M, Cui M, Wang J, Lin Z, Zhang XE. The main protease of SARS-CoV-2 cleaves histone deacetylases and DCP1A, attenuating the immune defense of the interferon-stimulated genes. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:102990. [PMID: 36758802 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.102990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes coronavirus disease 2019, constitutes an emerging human pathogen of zoonotic origin. A critical role in protecting the host against invading pathogens is carried out by interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), the primary effectors of the type I interferon (IFN) response. All coronaviruses studied thus far have to first overcome the inhibitory effects of the IFN/ISG system before establishing efficient viral replication. However, whether SARS-CoV-2 evades IFN antiviral immunity by manipulating ISG activation remains to be elucidated. Here, we show that the SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro) significantly suppresses the expression and transcription of downstream ISGs driven by IFN-stimulated response elements in a dose-dependent manner, and similar negative regulations were observed in two mammalian epithelial cell lines (simian Vero E6 and human A549). Our analysis shows that to inhibit the ISG production, Mpro cleaves histone deacetylases (HDACs) rather than directly targeting IFN signal transducers. Interestingly, Mpro also abolishes the activity of ISG effector mRNA-decapping enzyme 1a (DCP1A) by cleaving it at residue Q343. In addition, Mpro from different genera of coronaviruses has the protease activity to cleave both HDAC2 and DCP1A, even though the alphacoronaviruse Mpro exhibits weaker catalytic activity in cleaving HDAC2. In conclusion, our findings clearly demonstrate that SARS-CoV-2 Mpro constitutes a critical anti-immune effector that modulates the IFN/ISG system at multiple levels, thus providing a novel molecular explanation for viral immune evasion and allowing for new therapeutic approaches against coronavirus disease 2019 infection.
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12
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Itell HL, Humes D, Overbaugh J. Several cell-intrinsic effectors drive type I interferon-mediated restriction of HIV-1 in primary CD4 + T cells. bioRxiv 2023:2023.02.07.527545. [PMID: 36798236 PMCID: PMC9934674 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.07.527545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Type I interferon (IFN) upregulates proteins that inhibit HIV within infected cells. Prior studies have identified IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) that impede lab-adapted HIV in cell lines, yet the ISG(s) that mediate IFN restriction in HIV target cells, primary CD4 + T cells, are unknown. Here, we interrogate ISG restriction of primary HIV in CD4 + T cells. We performed CRISPR-knockout screens using a custom library that specifically targets ISGs expressed in CD4 + T cells and validated top hits. Our investigation identified new HIV-restricting ISGs (HM13, IGFBP2, LAP3) and found that two previously studied factors (IFI16, UBE2L6) are IFN effectors in T cells. Inactivation of these five ISGs in combination further diminished IFN’s protective effect against six diverse HIV strains. This work demonstrates that IFN restriction of HIV is multifaceted, resulting from several effectors functioning collectively, and establishes a primary cell ISG screening model to identify both single and combinations of HIV-restricting ISGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah L. Itell
- Molecular and Cellular Biology PhD Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Daryl Humes
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Present address: Tr1X Inc, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Julie Overbaugh
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
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13
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Rosain J, Neehus AL, Manry J, Yang R, Le Pen J, Daher W, Liu Z, Chan YH, Tahuil N, Türel Ö, Bourgey M, Ogishi M, Doisne JM, Izquierdo HM, Shirasaki T, Le Voyer T, Guérin A, Bastard P, Moncada-Velez M, Han JE, Khan T, Rapaport F, Hong SH, Cheung A, Haake K, Mindt BC, Perez L, Philippot Q, Lee D, Zhang P, Rinchai D, Al Ali F, Ata MMA, Rahman M, Peel JN, Heissel S, Molina H, Kendir-Demirkol Y, Bailey R, Zhao S, Bohlen J, Mancini M, Seeleuthner Y, Roelens M, Lorenzo L, Soudée C, Paz MEJ, Gonzalez ML, Jeljeli M, Soulier J, Romana S, L’Honneur AS, Materna M, Martínez-Barricarte R, Pochon M, Oleaga-Quintas C, Michev A, Migaud M, Lévy R, Alyanakian MA, Rozenberg F, Croft CA, Vogt G, Emile JF, Kremer L, Ma CS, Fritz JH, Lemon SM, Spaan AN, Manel N, Abel L, MacDonald MR, Boisson-Dupuis S, Marr N, Tangye SG, Di Santo JP, Zhang Q, Zhang SY, Rice CM, Béziat V, Lachmann N, Langlais D, Casanova JL, Gros P, Bustamante J. Human IRF1 governs macrophagic IFN-γ immunity to mycobacteria. Cell 2023; 186:621-645.e33. [PMID: 36736301 PMCID: PMC9907019 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Inborn errors of human IFN-γ-dependent macrophagic immunity underlie mycobacterial diseases, whereas inborn errors of IFN-α/β-dependent intrinsic immunity underlie viral diseases. Both types of IFNs induce the transcription factor IRF1. We describe unrelated children with inherited complete IRF1 deficiency and early-onset, multiple, life-threatening diseases caused by weakly virulent mycobacteria and related intramacrophagic pathogens. These children have no history of severe viral disease, despite exposure to many viruses, including SARS-CoV-2, which is life-threatening in individuals with impaired IFN-α/β immunity. In leukocytes or fibroblasts stimulated in vitro, IRF1-dependent responses to IFN-γ are, both quantitatively and qualitatively, much stronger than those to IFN-α/β. Moreover, IRF1-deficient mononuclear phagocytes do not control mycobacteria and related pathogens normally when stimulated with IFN-γ. By contrast, IFN-α/β-dependent intrinsic immunity to nine viruses, including SARS-CoV-2, is almost normal in IRF1-deficient fibroblasts. Human IRF1 is essential for IFN-γ-dependent macrophagic immunity to mycobacteria, but largely redundant for IFN-α/β-dependent antiviral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémie Rosain
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Inserm U1163, 75015 Paris, France; Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France.
| | - Anna-Lena Neehus
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Inserm U1163, 75015 Paris, France,Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France,Institute of Experimental Hematology, REBIRTH Center for Regenerative and Translational Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Jeremy Manry
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Inserm U1163, 75015 Paris, France,Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Rui Yang
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jérémie Le Pen
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Wassim Daher
- Infectious Disease Research Institute of Montpellier (IRIM), Montpellier University, 34000 Montpellier, France,Inserm, IRIM, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Zhiyong Liu
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Yi-Hao Chan
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Natalia Tahuil
- Department of Immunology, Del Niño Jesus Hospital, T4000 San Miguel de Tucuman, Tucuman, Argentina
| | - Özden Türel
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Disease, Bezmialem Vakif University Faculty of Medicine, 34093 İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Mathieu Bourgey
- Dahdaleh Institute of Genomic Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G1, Canada,Canadian Centre for Computation Genomics, Montreal, QC H3A 0G1, Canada
| | - Masato Ogishi
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jean-Marc Doisne
- Innate Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France,Inserm U1223, 75015 Paris, France
| | | | - Takayoshi Shirasaki
- Department of Medicine, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7292, USA
| | - Tom Le Voyer
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Inserm U1163, 75015 Paris, France,Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Antoine Guérin
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia,St. Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of NSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Paul Bastard
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Inserm U1163, 75015 Paris, France,Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France,St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA,Pediatric Hematology-Immunology and Rheumatology Unit, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, AP-HP, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Marcela Moncada-Velez
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ji Eun Han
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Taushif Khan
- Department of Immunology, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Franck Rapaport
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Seon-Hui Hong
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Andrew Cheung
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Kathrin Haake
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, REBIRTH Center for Regenerative and Translational Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Barbara C. Mindt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G1, Canada,McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G1, Canada,FOCiS Centre of Excellence in Translational Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G1, Canada
| | - Laura Perez
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, “J. P. Garrahan” National Hospital of Pediatrics, C1245 CABA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Quentin Philippot
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Inserm U1163, 75015 Paris, France,Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Danyel Lee
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Inserm U1163, 75015 Paris, France,Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France,St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Peng Zhang
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Darawan Rinchai
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Fatima Al Ali
- Department of Immunology, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | | | | | - Jessica N. Peel
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Søren Heissel
- Proteomics Resource Center, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Henrik Molina
- Proteomics Resource Center, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Yasemin Kendir-Demirkol
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA,Umraniye Education and Research Hospital, Department of Pediatric Genetics, 34764 İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Rasheed Bailey
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Shuxiang Zhao
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jonathan Bohlen
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Inserm U1163, 75015 Paris, France,Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Mathieu Mancini
- Dahdaleh Institute of Genomic Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G1, Canada,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G1, Canada,McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G1, Canada
| | - Yoann Seeleuthner
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Inserm U1163, 75015 Paris, France,Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Marie Roelens
- Study Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, AP-HP, 75015 Paris, France,Paris Cité University, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Lazaro Lorenzo
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Inserm U1163, 75015 Paris, France,Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Camille Soudée
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Inserm U1163, 75015 Paris, France,Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France
| | - María Elvira Josefina Paz
- Department of Pediatric Pathology, Del Niño Jesus Hospital, T4000 San Miguel de Tucuman, Tucuman, Argentina
| | - Maria Laura Gonzalez
- Central Laboratory, Del Niño Jesus Hospital, T4000 San Miguel de Tucuman, Tucuman, Argentina
| | - Mohamed Jeljeli
- Cochin University Hospital, Biological Immunology Unit, AP-HP, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Jean Soulier
- Inserm/CNRS U944/7212, Paris Cité University, 75006 Paris, France,Hematology Laboratory, Saint-Louis Hospital, AP-HP, 75010 Paris, France,,National Reference Center for Bone Marrow Failures, Saint-Louis and Robert Debré Hospitals, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Serge Romana
- Rare Disease Genomic Medicine Department, Paris Cité University, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, 75015 Paris, France
| | | | - Marie Materna
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Inserm U1163, 75015 Paris, France,Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Rubén Martínez-Barricarte
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA,Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Mathieu Pochon
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Inserm U1163, 75015 Paris, France,Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Carmen Oleaga-Quintas
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Inserm U1163, 75015 Paris, France,Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Michev
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Inserm U1163, 75015 Paris, France,Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Mélanie Migaud
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Inserm U1163, 75015 Paris, France,Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Romain Lévy
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Inserm U1163, 75015 Paris, France,Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France,Pediatric Hematology-Immunology and Rheumatology Unit, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, AP-HP, 75015 Paris, France
| | | | - Flore Rozenberg
- Department of Virology, Paris Cité University, Cochin Hospital, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Carys A. Croft
- Innate Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France,Inserm U1223, 75015 Paris, France,Paris Cité University, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Vogt
- Inserm UMR1283, CNRS UMR8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Lille University, Lille Pasteur Institute, Lille University Hospital, 59000 Lille, France,Neglected Human Genetics Laboratory, Paris Cité University, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Jean-François Emile
- Pathology Department, Ambroise-Paré Hospital, AP-HP, 92100 Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Laurent Kremer
- Infectious Disease Research Institute of Montpellier (IRIM), Montpellier University, 34000 Montpellier, France,Inserm, IRIM, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Cindy S. Ma
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia,St. Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of NSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Jörg H. Fritz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G1, Canada,McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G1, Canada,FOCiS Centre of Excellence in Translational Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G1, Canada,Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G1, Canada
| | - Stanley M. Lemon
- Department of Medicine, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7292, USA
| | - András N. Spaan
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA,Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nicolas Manel
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Inserm U932, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Laurent Abel
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Inserm U1163, 75015 Paris, France,Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France,St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Margaret R. MacDonald
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Stéphanie Boisson-Dupuis
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Inserm U1163, 75015 Paris, France,Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France,St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Nico Marr
- Department of Immunology, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar,College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Stuart G. Tangye
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia,St. Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of NSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - James P. Di Santo
- Innate Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France,Inserm U1223, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Qian Zhang
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Inserm U1163, 75015 Paris, France,Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France,St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Shen-Ying Zhang
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Inserm U1163, 75015 Paris, France,Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France,St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Charles M. Rice
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Vivien Béziat
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Inserm U1163, 75015 Paris, France,Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France,St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Nico Lachmann
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, REBIRTH Center for Regenerative and Translational Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany,Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Allergology and Neonatology and Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease, German Center for Lung Research, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany, EU,Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - David Langlais
- Dahdaleh Institute of Genomic Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G1, Canada,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G1, Canada,Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G1, Canada
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Inserm U1163, 75015 Paris, France; Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France; St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, AP-HP, 75015 Paris, France; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Philippe Gros
- Dahdaleh Institute of Genomic Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G1, Canada,Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G1, Canada
| | - Jacinta Bustamante
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Inserm U1163, 75015 Paris, France; Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France; St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA; Study Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, AP-HP, 75015 Paris, France.
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14
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Lista MJ, Ficarelli M, Wilson H, Kmiec D, Youle RL, Wanford J, Winstone H, Odendall C, Taylor IA, Neil SJD, Swanson CM. A Nuclear Export Signal in KHNYN Required for Its Antiviral Activity Evolved as ZAP Emerged in Tetrapods. J Virol 2023; 97:e0087222. [PMID: 36633408 PMCID: PMC9888277 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00872-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The zinc finger antiviral protein (ZAP) inhibits viral replication by directly binding CpG dinucleotides in cytoplasmic viral RNA to inhibit protein synthesis and target the RNA for degradation. ZAP evolved in tetrapods and there are clear orthologs in reptiles, birds, and mammals. When ZAP emerged, other proteins may have evolved to become cofactors for its antiviral activity. KHNYN is a putative endoribonuclease that is required for ZAP to restrict retroviruses. To determine its evolutionary path after ZAP emerged, we compared KHNYN orthologs in mammals and reptiles to those in fish, which do not encode ZAP. This identified residues in KHNYN that are highly conserved in species that encode ZAP, including several in the CUBAN domain. The CUBAN domain interacts with NEDD8 and Cullin-RING E3 ubiquitin ligases. Deletion of the CUBAN domain decreased KHNYN antiviral activity, increased protein expression and increased nuclear localization. However, mutation of residues required for the CUBAN domain-NEDD8 interaction increased KHNYN abundance but did not affect its antiviral activity or cytoplasmic localization, indicating that Cullin-mediated degradation may control its homeostasis and regulation of protein turnover is separable from its antiviral activity. By contrast, the C-terminal residues in the CUBAN domain form a CRM1-dependent nuclear export signal (NES) that is required for its antiviral activity. Deletion or mutation of the NES increased KHNYN nuclear localization and decreased its interaction with ZAP. The final 2 positions of this NES are not present in fish KHNYN orthologs and we hypothesize their evolution allowed KHNYN to act as a ZAP cofactor. IMPORTANCE The interferon system is part of the innate immune response that inhibits viruses and other pathogens. This system emerged approximately 500 million years ago in early vertebrates. Since then, some genes have evolved to become antiviral interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) while others evolved so their encoded protein could interact with proteins encoded by ISGs and contribute to their activity. However, this remains poorly characterized. ZAP is an ISG that arose during tetrapod evolution and inhibits viral replication. Because KHNYN interacts with ZAP and is required for its antiviral activity against retroviruses, we conducted an evolutionary analysis to determine how specific amino acids in KHNYN evolved after ZAP emerged. This identified a nuclear export signal that evolved in tetrapods and is required for KHNYN to traffic in the cell and interact with ZAP. Overall, specific residues in KHNYN evolved to allow it to act as a cofactor for ZAP antiviral activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J. Lista
- King’s College London, Department of Infectious Diseases, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mattia Ficarelli
- King’s College London, Department of Infectious Diseases, London, United Kingdom
| | - Harry Wilson
- King’s College London, Department of Infectious Diseases, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dorota Kmiec
- King’s College London, Department of Infectious Diseases, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca L. Youle
- King’s College London, Department of Infectious Diseases, London, United Kingdom
- The Francis Crick Institute, Macromolecular Structure Laboratory, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph Wanford
- King’s College London, Department of Infectious Diseases, London, United Kingdom
| | - Helena Winstone
- King’s College London, Department of Infectious Diseases, London, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte Odendall
- King’s College London, Department of Infectious Diseases, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ian A. Taylor
- The Francis Crick Institute, Macromolecular Structure Laboratory, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart J. D. Neil
- King’s College London, Department of Infectious Diseases, London, United Kingdom
| | - Chad M. Swanson
- King’s College London, Department of Infectious Diseases, London, United Kingdom
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15
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Teng Y, Zhu M, Chi Y, Li L, Jin Y. Can G-quadruplex become a promising target in HBV therapy? Front Immunol 2022; 13:1091873. [PMID: 36591216 PMCID: PMC9797731 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1091873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The chronic infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) is an important health problem that affects millions of people worldwide. Current therapies for HBV always suffer from a poor response rate, common side effects, and the need for lifelong treatment. Novel therapeutic targets are expected. Interestingly, non-canonical structures of nucleic acids play crucial roles in the regulation of gene expression. Especially the formation of G-quadruplexes (G4s) in G-rich strands has been demonstrated to affect many bioprocesses including replication, transcription, and translation, showing great potential as targets in anticancer and antiviral therapies. In this review, we summarize recent antiviral studies about G4s and discuss the potential roles of G4 structures in antiviral therapy for HBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Teng
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Ming Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yuan Chi
- Pharmaceutical Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Lijing Li
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China,*Correspondence: Lijing Li, ; Ye Jin,
| | - Ye Jin
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China,*Correspondence: Lijing Li, ; Ye Jin,
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16
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Min J, Liu W, Li J. Emerging Role of Interferon-Induced Noncoding RNA in Innate Antiviral Immunity. Viruses 2022; 14:v14122607. [PMID: 36560611 PMCID: PMC9780829 DOI: 10.3390/v14122607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Thousands of unique noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) exist within the genomes of higher eukaryotes. Upon virus infection, the host generates interferons (IFNs), which initiate the expression of hundreds of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) through IFN receptors on the cell surface, establishing a barrier as the host's antiviral innate immunity. With the development of novel RNA-sequencing technology, many IFN-induced ncRNAs have been identified, and increasing attention has been given to their functions as regulators involved in the antiviral innate immune response. IFN-induced ncRNAs regulate the expression of viral proteins, IFNs, and ISGs, as well as host genes that are critical for viral replication, cytokine and chemokine production, and signaling pathway activation. This review summarizes the complex regulatory role of IFN-induced ncRNAs in antiviral innate immunity from the above aspects, aiming to improve understanding of ncRNAs and provide reference for the basic research of antiviral innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Min
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenjun Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Institute of Microbiology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Correspondence: (W.L.); (J.L.); Tel./Fax: +86-10-6480-7503 (J.L.)
| | - Jing Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Correspondence: (W.L.); (J.L.); Tel./Fax: +86-10-6480-7503 (J.L.)
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17
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Ryu S, Sidorov S, Ravussin E, Artyomov M, Iwasaki A, Wang A, Dixit VD. The matricellular protein SPARC induces inflammatory interferon-response in macrophages during aging. Immunity 2022; 55:1609-1626.e7. [PMID: 35963236 PMCID: PMC9474643 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2022.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The risk of chronic diseases caused by aging is reduced by caloric restriction (CR)-induced immunometabolic adaptation. Here, we found that the matricellular protein, secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC), was inhibited by 2 years of 14% sustained CR in humans and elevated by obesity. SPARC converted anti-inflammatory macrophages into a pro-inflammatory phenotype with induction of interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) expression via the transcription factors IRF3/7. Mechanistically, SPARC-induced ISGs were dependent on toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4)-mediated TBK1, IRF3, IFN-β, and STAT1 signaling without engaging the Myd88 pathway. Metabolically, SPARC dampened mitochondrial respiration, and inhibition of glycolysis abrogated ISG induction by SPARC in macrophages. Furthermore, the N-terminal acidic domain of SPARC was required for ISG induction, while adipocyte-specific deletion of SPARC reduced inflammation and extended health span during aging. Collectively, SPARC, a CR-mimetic adipokine, is an immunometabolic checkpoint of inflammation and interferon response that may be targeted to delay age-related metabolic and functional decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungjin Ryu
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Sviatoslav Sidorov
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Eric Ravussin
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - Maxim Artyomov
- Section of Immunology, Washington School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Akiko Iwasaki
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Yale Center for Research on Aging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Andrew Wang
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Yale Center for Research on Aging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Vishwa Deep Dixit
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Yale Center for Research on Aging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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18
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Odon V, Fiddaman SR, Smith AL, Simmonds P. Comparison of CpG- and UpA-mediated restriction of RNA virus replication in mammalian and avian cells and investigation of potential ZAP-mediated shaping of host transcriptome compositions. RNA 2022; 28:1089-1109. [PMID: 35675984 PMCID: PMC9297844 DOI: 10.1261/rna.079102.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The ability of zinc finger antiviral protein (ZAP) to recognize and respond to RNA virus sequences with elevated frequencies of CpG dinucleotides has been proposed as a functional part of the vertebrate innate immune antiviral response. It has been further proposed that ZAP activity shapes compositions of cytoplasmic mRNA sequences to avoid self-recognition, particularly mRNAs for interferons (IFNs) and IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) expressed during the antiviral state. We investigated whether restriction of the replication of mutants of influenza A virus (IAV) and the echovirus 7 (E7) replicon with high CpG and UpA frequencies varied in different species of mammals and birds. Cell lines from different bird orders showed substantial variability in restriction of CpG-high mutants of IAV and E7 replicons, whereas none restricted UpA-high mutants, in marked contrast to universal restriction of both mutants in mammalian cells. Dinucleotide representation in ISGs and IFN genes was compared with those of cellular transcriptomes to determine whether potential differences in inferred ZAP activity between species shaped dinucleotide compositions of highly expressed genes during the antiviral state. While mammalian type 1 IFN genes typically showed often profound suppression of CpG and UpA frequencies, there was no oversuppression of either in ISGs in any species, irrespective of their ability to restrict CpG- or UpA-high mutants. Similarly, genome sequences of mammalian and avian RNA viruses were compositionally equivalent, as were IAV strains recovered from ducks, chickens and humans. Overall, we found no evidence for host variability in inferred ZAP function shaping host or viral transcriptome compositions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Odon
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SY, United Kingdom
| | - Steven R Fiddaman
- Department of Zoology, Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SY, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian L Smith
- Department of Zoology, Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SY, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Simmonds
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SY, United Kingdom
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19
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Wen S, Song Y, Li C, Jin N, Zhai J, Lu H. Positive Regulation of the Antiviral Activity of Interferon-Induced Transmembrane Protein 3 by S-Palmitoylation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:919477. [PMID: 35769480 PMCID: PMC9236556 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.919477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3 (IFITM3), a small molecule transmembrane protein induced by interferon, is generally conserved in vertebrates, which can inhibit infection by a diverse range of pathogenic viruses such as influenza virus. However, the precise antiviral mechanisms of IFITM3 remain unclear. At least four post-translational modifications (PTMs) were found to modulate the antiviral effect of IFITM3. These include positive regulation provided by S-palmitoylation of cysteine and negative regulation provided by lysine ubiquitination, lysine methylation, and tyrosine phosphorylation. IFITM3 S-palmitoylation is an enzymatic addition of a 16-carbon fatty acid on the three cysteine residues within or adjacent to its two hydrophobic domains at positions 71, 72, and 105, that is essential for its proper targeting, stability, and function. As S-palmitoylation is the only PTM known to enhance the antiviral activity of IFITM3, enzymes that add this modification may play important roles in IFN-induced immune responses. This study mainly reviews the research progresses on the antiviral mechanism of IFITM3, the regulation mechanism of S-palmitoylation modification on its subcellular localization, stability, and function, and the enzymes that mediate the S-palmitoylation modification of IFITM3, which may help elucidate the mechanism by which this IFN effector restrict virus replication and thus aid in the design of therapeutics targeted at pathogenic viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubo Wen
- Preventive Veterinary Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonose Prevention and Control, Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Tongliao, China
| | - Yang Song
- Preventive Veterinary Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonose Prevention and Control, Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Tongliao, China
| | - Chang Li
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Ningyi Jin
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Jingbo Zhai
- Preventive Veterinary Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonose Prevention and Control, Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Tongliao, China
| | - Huijun Lu
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
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20
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Hsu JCC, Laurent-Rolle M, Pawlak JB, Xia H, Kunte A, Hee JS, Lim J, Harris LD, Wood JM, Evans GB, Shi PY, Grove TL, Almo SC, Cresswell P. Viperin triggers ribosome collision-dependent translation inhibition to restrict viral replication. Mol Cell 2022; 82:1631-1642.e6. [PMID: 35316659 PMCID: PMC9081181 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2022.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Innate immune responses induce hundreds of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). Viperin, a member of the radical S-adenosyl methionine (SAM) superfamily of enzymes, is the product of one such ISG that restricts the replication of a broad spectrum of viruses. Here, we report a previously unknown antiviral mechanism in which viperin activates a ribosome collision-dependent pathway that inhibits both cellular and viral RNA translation. We found that the radical SAM activity of viperin is required for translation inhibition and that this is mediated by viperin's enzymatic product, 3'-deoxy-3',4'-didehydro-CTP (ddhCTP). Viperin triggers ribosome collisions and activates the MAPKKK ZAK pathway that in turn activates the GCN2 arm of the integrated stress response pathway to inhibit translation. The study illustrates the importance of translational repression in the antiviral response and identifies viperin as a translation regulator in innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Chun-Chieh Hsu
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Maudry Laurent-Rolle
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Joanna B Pawlak
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Hongjie Xia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Amit Kunte
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Jia Shee Hee
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Jaechul Lim
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Lawrence D Harris
- The Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6012, New Zealand; The Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - James M Wood
- The Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6012, New Zealand; The Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Gary B Evans
- The Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6012, New Zealand; The Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Pei-Yong Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Sealy Institute for Vaccine Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Sealy Institute for Drug Discovery, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Tyler L Grove
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Steven C Almo
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Peter Cresswell
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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21
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Wang Y, Guo Y, Wang H, Wu Z, Hong W, Sun H, Zhu S. Protection of Ducklings from Duck Hepatitis A Virus Infection with ELPylated Duck Interferon-α. Viruses 2022; 14. [PMID: 35337040 DOI: 10.3390/v14030633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Duck viral hepatitis type I (DVH I) is a lethal disease in ducklings caused by duck hepatitis A virus (DHAV). Although the commercial vaccine is available for vaccination of one-day-old ducklings or breeder ducks, the disease is still prevalent due to the delayed immune response in ducklings and variable maternal antibody levels in breeder duck flocks. To explore the feasibility of duck interferon-α (DuIFN-α) for control of DVH I, DuIFN-α was expressed as an elastin-like polypeptide (ELP) fusion protein (ELP-DuIFN-α) in E. coli and purified by inverse phase transition cycling (ITC). After detection of its cytotoxicity, bioactivity, plasma stability and serum half-life, the protective efficacy of ELP-DuIFN-α against DHAV-1 infection of embryos or ducklings was evaluated using different treatment routes at different infection times. The results show that ELP-DuIFN-α was correctly expressed and purified to more than 90% purity after two cycles of ITC. The purified fusion protein had a specific anti-DHAV-1 activity of 6.0 × 104 IU/mg protein, significantly extended plasma stability and serum half-life without overt cytotoxicity. After allantoic injection with ELP-DuIFN-α pre-infection, co-infection or post-infection with DHAV-1, 5/5, 5/5 or 4/5 embryos survived from the virus challenge. After intramuscular injection or oral administration with ELP-DuIFN-α, 3/5 or 4/5 ducklings survived from co-infection with DHAV-1. After oral administration with ELP-DuIFN-α pre-infection, co-infection or post-infection with DHAV-1, 3/5, 4/5 or 4/5 ducklings survived from the virus challenge, and the relative transcription levels of interferon-stimulated genes were significantly higher than the normal control group and virus challenge control group (p < 0.01). These experimental data suggest that ELP-DuIFN-α can be used as a long-lasting anti-DHAV-1 reagent.
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22
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Guo X, Zeng S, Ji X, Meng X, Lei N, Yang H, Mu X. Type I Interferon-Induced TMEM106A Blocks Attachment of EV-A71 Virus by Interacting With the Membrane Protein SCARB2. Front Immunol 2022; 13:817835. [PMID: 35359978 PMCID: PMC8963425 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.817835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) and Coxsackievirus A16 (CV-A16) are the main causative agents of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) worldwide. Studies showed that EV-A71 and CV-A16 antagonize the interferon (IFN) signaling pathway; however, how IFN controls this viral infection is largely unknown. Here, we identified an IFN-stimulated gene, Transmembrane Protein 106A (TMEM106A), encoding a protein that blocks EV-A71 and CV-A16 infection. Combined approaches measuring viral infection, gene expression, and protein interactions uncovered that TMEM106A is required for optimal IFN-mediated viral inhibition and interferes with EV-A71 binding to host cells on the receptor scavenger receptor class B member 2 (SCARB2). Our findings reveal a new mechanism contributing to the IFN-mediated defense against EV-A71 and CV-A16 infection and provide a potential strategy for HFMD treatment by using the antiviral role of TMEM106A against enterovirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemin Guo
- Meizhou People’s Hospital, Meizhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Clinical Translation Research of Hakka Population, Meizhou, China
| | - Shinuan Zeng
- Department of Surgery, HKU-SZH & Faculty of Medicine,The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xiaoxin Ji
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin University and Health-Biotech United Group Joint Laboratory of Innovative Drug Development and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaobin Meng
- Meizhou People’s Hospital, Meizhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Clinical Translation Research of Hakka Population, Meizhou, China
| | - Nanfeng Lei
- Meizhou People’s Hospital, Meizhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Clinical Translation Research of Hakka Population, Meizhou, China
| | - Hai Yang
- Meizhou People’s Hospital, Meizhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Clinical Translation Research of Hakka Population, Meizhou, China
| | - Xin Mu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin University and Health-Biotech United Group Joint Laboratory of Innovative Drug Development and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
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23
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Grossegesse M, Bourquain D, Neumann M, Schaade L, Schulze J, Mache C, Wolff T, Nitsche A, Doellinger J. Deep Time Course Proteomics of SARS-CoV- and SARS-CoV-2-Infected Human Lung Epithelial Cells (Calu-3) Reveals Strong Induction of Interferon-Stimulated Gene Expression by SARS-CoV-2 in Contrast to SARS-CoV. J Proteome Res 2022; 21:459-469. [PMID: 34982558 PMCID: PMC8751642 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.1c00783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 infections are characterized by remarkable differences, including infectivity and case fatality rate. The underlying mechanisms are not well understood, illustrating major knowledge gaps of coronavirus biology. In this study, protein expression of the SARS-CoV- and SARS-CoV-2-infected human lung epithelial cell line Calu-3 was analyzed using data-independent acquisition-mass spectrometry. This resulted in a comprehensive map of infection-related proteome-wide expression changes in human cells covering the quantification of 7478 proteins across four time points. Most notably, the activation of interferon type-I response was observed, which is surprisingly absent in several proteome studies. The data reveal that SARS-CoV-2 triggers interferon-stimulated gene expression much stronger than SARS-CoV, which reflects the already described differences in interferon sensitivity. Potentially, this may be caused by the enhanced abundance of the viral M protein of SARS-CoV in comparison to SARS-CoV-2, which is a known inhibitor of type I interferon expression. This study expands the knowledge on the host response to SARS-CoV-2 infections on a global scale using an infection model, which seems to be well suited to analyze the innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marica Grossegesse
- Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens:
Highly Pathogenic Viruses (ZBS 1), Robert Koch Institute,
13353Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Bourquain
- Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens,
Robert Koch Institute, 13353Berlin,
Germany
| | - Markus Neumann
- Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens:
Highly Pathogenic Viruses (ZBS 1), Robert Koch Institute,
13353Berlin, Germany
| | - Lars Schaade
- Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens,
Robert Koch Institute, 13353Berlin,
Germany
| | - Jessica Schulze
- Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses,
Robert Koch Institute, Unit 17, 13353Berlin,
Germany
| | - Christin Mache
- Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses,
Robert Koch Institute, Unit 17, 13353Berlin,
Germany
| | - Thorsten Wolff
- Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses,
Robert Koch Institute, Unit 17, 13353Berlin,
Germany
| | - Andreas Nitsche
- Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens:
Highly Pathogenic Viruses (ZBS 1), Robert Koch Institute,
13353Berlin, Germany
| | - Joerg Doellinger
- Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens:
Highly Pathogenic Viruses (ZBS 1), Robert Koch Institute,
13353Berlin, Germany
- Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens:
Proteomics and Spectroscopy (ZBS 6), Robert Koch Institute,
13353Berlin, Germany
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24
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Wang D, Wang R, Li K. Impaired Antiviral Responses to Extracellular Double-Stranded RNA and Cytosolic DNA, but Not to Interferon-α Stimulation, in TRIM56-Deficient Cells. Viruses 2022; 14. [PMID: 35062293 DOI: 10.3390/v14010089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The physiologic function of tripartite motif protein 56 (TRIM56), a ubiquitously expressed E3 ligase classified within the large TRIM protein family, remains elusive. Gene knockdown studies have suggested TRIM56 as a positive regulator of the type I interferon (IFN-I) antiviral response elicited via the Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) and cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathways, which detect and respond to danger signals-extracellular double-stranded (ds) RNA and cytosolic dsDNA, respectively. However, to what extent these pathways depend on TRIM56 in human cells is unclear. In addition, it is debatable whether TRIM56 plays a part in controlling the expression of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) resulting from IFN-I based antiviral treatment. In this study, we created HeLa-derived TRIM56 null cell lines by gene editing and used these cell models to comprehensively examine the impact of endogenous TRIM56 on innate antiviral responses. Our results showed that TRIM56 knockout severely undermined the upregulation of ISGs by extracellular dsRNA and that loss of TRIM56 weakened the response to cytosolic dsDNA. ISG induction and ISGylation following IFN-α stimulation, however, were not compromised by TRIM56 deletion. Using a vesicular stomatitis virus-based antiviral bioactivity assay, we demonstrated that IFN-α could efficiently establish an antiviral state in TRIM56 null cells, providing direct evidence that TRIM56 is not required for the general antiviral action of IFN-I. Altogether, these data ascertain the contributions of TRIM56 to TLR3- and cGAS-STING-dependent antiviral pathways in HeLa cells and add to our understanding of the roles this protein plays in innate immunity.
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25
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Aurine N, Baquerre C, Gaudino M, Jean C, Dumont C, Rival-Gervier S, Kress C, Horvat B, Pain B. Reprogrammed Pteropus Bat Stem Cells as A Model to Study Host-Pathogen Interaction during Henipavirus Infection. Microorganisms 2021; 9:2567. [PMID: 34946167 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9122567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Bats are natural hosts for numerous zoonotic viruses, including henipaviruses, which are highly pathogenic for humans, livestock, and other mammals but do not induce clinical disease in bats. Pteropus bats are identified as a reservoir of henipaviruses and the source of transmission of the infection to humans over the past 20 years. A better understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms allowing bats to control viral infections requires the development of relevant, stable, and permissive cellular experimental models. By applying a somatic reprogramming protocol to Pteropus bat primary cells, using a combination of ESRRB (Estrogen Related Receptor Beta), CDX2 (Caudal type Homeobox 2), and c-MYC (MYC proto-oncogene) transcription factors, we generated bat reprogrammed cells. These cells exhibit stem cell-like characteristics and neural stem cell molecular signature. In contrast to primary fibroblastic cells, these reprogrammed stem cells are highly permissive to henipaviruses and exhibit specific transcriptomic profiles with the particular expression of certain susceptibility factors such as interferon-stimulated genes (ISG), which may be related to viral infection. These Pteropus bat reprogrammed stem cells should represent an important experimental tool to decipher interactions during henipaviruses infection in Pteropus bats, facilitate isolation and production of bat-borne viruses, and to better understand the bat biology.
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Yan M, Dong Y, Bo X, Cheng Y, Cheng J. Large Screening Identifies ACE2 Positively Correlates With NF-κB Signaling Activity and Targeting NF-κB Signaling Drugs Suppress ACE2 Levels. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:771555. [PMID: 34867400 PMCID: PMC8639591 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.771555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronaviruses SARS-CoV-2 infected more than 156 million people and caused over 3 million death in the whole world, therefore a better understanding of the underlying pathogenic mechanism and the searching for more effective treatments were urgently needed. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) was the receptor for SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this study, we found that ACE2 was an interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) in human cell lines. By performing an ISG library screening, we found that ACE2 levels were positively regulated by multiple ISGs. Interestingly, ACE2 levels were highly correlated with ISGs-induced NF-κB activities, but not IFNβ levels. Furthermore, using an approved clinical durgs library, we found two clinical drugs, Cepharanthine and Glucosamine, significantly inhibited ACE2 level, IFNβ level, and NF-κB signaling downstream TNFα and IL6 levels. Our finding suggested the possible inhibitory effects of Cepharanthine and Glucosamine during SARS-CoV-2 infection and the subsequent inflammatory cytokine storm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meichen Yan
- Center on Translational Neuroscience, College of Life and Environmental Science, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Dong
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xuena Bo
- Center on Translational Neuroscience, College of Life and Environmental Science, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Cheng
- Center on Translational Neuroscience, College of Life and Environmental Science, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Jinbo Cheng
- Center on Translational Neuroscience, College of Life and Environmental Science, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
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27
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Wuerth JD, Weber F. NSs of the mildly virulent sandfly fever Sicilian virus is unable to inhibit interferon signaling and upregulation of interferon-stimulated genes. J Gen Virol 2021; 102. [PMID: 34726591 PMCID: PMC8742993 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Phleboviruses (order Bunyavirales, family Phenuiviridae) are globally emerging arboviruses with a wide spectrum of virulence. Sandfly fever Sicilian virus (SFSV) is one of the most ubiquitous members of the genus Phlebovirus and associated with a self-limited, incapacitating febrile disease in travellers and military troops. The phleboviral NSs protein is an established virulence factor, acting as antagonist of the antiviral interferon (IFN) system. Consistently, we previously reported that SFSV NSs targets the induction of IFN mRNA synthesis by specifically binding to the DNA-binding domain of the IFN transcription factor IRF3. Here, we further characterized the effect of SFSV and its NSs towards IFN induction, and evaluated its potential to affect the downstream IFN-stimulated signalling and the subsequent transactivation of antiviral interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). We found that SFSV dampened, but did not entirely abolish type I and type III IFN induction. Furthermore, SFSV NSs did not affect IFN signalling, resulting in substantial ISG expression in infected cells. Hence, although SFSV targets IRF3 to reduce IFN induction, it is not capable of entirely disarming the IFN system in the presence of high basal IRF3 and/or IRF7 levels, and we speculate that this significantly contributes to its low level of virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Deborah Wuerth
- Institute for Virology, FB10-Veterinary Medicine, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany.,Institute of Innate Immunity, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Friedemann Weber
- Institute for Virology, FB10-Veterinary Medicine, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
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28
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Ding J, Aldo P, Roberts CM, Stabach P, Liu H, You Y, Qiu X, Jeong J, Maxwell A, Lindenbach B, Braddock D, Liao A, Mor G. Placenta-derived interferon-stimulated gene 20 controls ZIKA virus infection. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e52450. [PMID: 34405956 PMCID: PMC8490983 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202152450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus is a positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus, which can be transmitted across the placenta and has adverse effects on fetal development during pregnancy. The severity of these complications highlights the importance of prevention and treatment. However, no vaccines or drugs are currently available. In this study, we characterize the IFNβ-mediated anti-viral response in trophoblast cells in order to identify critical components that are necessary for the successful control of viral replication and determine whether components of the IFN-induced response can be used as a replacement therapy for ZIKA virus infection during pregnancy. We identify and characterize interferon-stimulated gene 20 (ISG20) as playing a central role in controlling Zika virus infection in trophoblast cells and successfully establish a recombinant ISG20-Fc protein that effectively decreases viral titers in vitro and in vivo by maintaining its exonuclease activity and displaying potential immune modulatory functions. Recombinant ISG20-Fc has thus the potential to be further developed as an anti-viral treatment against ZIKA viral infection in high-risk populations, particularly in pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Ding
- C.S Mott center for Human Growth and DevelopmentDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyWayne State UniversityDetroitMIUSA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive SciencesYale University School of MedicineNew HavenCTUSA
| | - Paulomi Aldo
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive SciencesYale University School of MedicineNew HavenCTUSA
| | - Cai M Roberts
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive SciencesYale University School of MedicineNew HavenCTUSA
| | - Paul Stabach
- Department of PathologyYale University School of MedicineNew HavenCTUSA
| | - Hong Liu
- Institute of Reproductive HealthCenter for Reproductive MedicineTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Yuan You
- C.S Mott center for Human Growth and DevelopmentDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyWayne State UniversityDetroitMIUSA
| | - Xuemin Qiu
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jiwon Jeong
- Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health SciencesBostonMAUSA
| | - Anthony Maxwell
- C.S Mott center for Human Growth and DevelopmentDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyWayne State UniversityDetroitMIUSA
| | - Brett Lindenbach
- Department of Microbial PathogenesisYale University School of MedicineNew HavenCTUSA
| | | | - Aihua Liao
- Institute of Reproductive HealthCenter for Reproductive MedicineTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Gil Mor
- C.S Mott center for Human Growth and DevelopmentDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyWayne State UniversityDetroitMIUSA
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29
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Bakre AA, Jones LP, Murray J, Reneer ZB, Meliopoulos VA, Cherry S, Schultz-Cherry S, Tripp RA. Innate Antiviral Cytokine Response to Swine Influenza Virus by Swine Respiratory Epithelial Cells. J Virol 2021; 95:e0069221. [PMID: 33980596 PMCID: PMC8274599 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00692-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Swine influenza virus (SIV) can cause respiratory illness in swine. Swine contribute to influenza virus reassortment, as avian, human, and/or swine influenza viruses can infect swine and reassort, and new viruses can emerge. Thus, it is important to determine the host antiviral responses that affect SIV replication. In this study, we examined the innate antiviral cytokine response to SIV by swine respiratory epithelial cells, focusing on the expression of interferon (IFN) and interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). Both primary and transformed swine nasal and tracheal respiratory epithelial cells were examined following infection with field isolates. The results show that IFN and ISG expression is maximal at 12 h postinfection (hpi) and is dependent on cell type and virus genotype. IMPORTANCE Swine are considered intermediate hosts that have facilitated influenza virus reassortment events that have given rise pandemics or genetically related viruses have become established in swine. In this study, we examine the innate antiviral response to swine influenza virus in primary and immortalized swine nasal and tracheal epithelial cells, and show virus strain- and host cell type-dependent differential expression of key interferons and interferon-stimulated genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijeet A. Bakre
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Les P. Jones
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Jackelyn Murray
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Z. Beau Reneer
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Sean Cherry
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis Tennessee
| | - Stacey Schultz-Cherry
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis Tennessee
| | - Ralph A. Tripp
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
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Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an ongoing global pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Type I and III interferon (IFN) responses act as the first line of defense against viral infection and are activated by the recognition of viruses by infected cells and innate immune cells. Dysregulation of host IFN responses has been known to be associated with severe disease progression in COVID-19 patients. However, the reported results are controversial and the roles of IFN responses in COVID-19 need to be investigated further. In the absence of a highly efficacious antiviral drug, clinical studies have evaluated recombinant type I and III IFNs, as they have been successfully used for the treatment of infections caused by two other epidemic coronaviruses, SARS-CoV-1 and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)-CoV. In this review, we describe the strategies by which SARS-CoV-2 evades IFN responses and the dysregulation of host IFN responses in COVID-19 patients. In addition, we discuss the therapeutic potential of type I and III IFNs in COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hojun Choi
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
- Laboratory of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Eui Cheol Shin
- Laboratory of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Korea
- The Center for Epidemic Preparedness, KAIST Institute, Daejeon, Korea.
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31
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Kim YC, Jeong BH. Phylogenetic and topological analyses of the bovine interferon-induced transmembrane protein (IFITM3). Acta Vet Hung 2021; 69:14-22. [PMID: 33861724 DOI: 10.1556/004.2021.00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3 (IFITM3) plays a pivotal role in antiviral capacity in several species. However, to date, investigations of the IFITM3 protein in cattle have been rare. According to recent studies, interspecific differences in the IFITM3 protein result in several unique features of the IFITM3 protein relative to primates and birds. Thus, in the present study, we investigated the bovine IFITM3 protein based on nucleotide and amino acid sequences to find its distinct features. We found that the bovine IFITM3 gene showed a significantly different length and homology relative to other species, including primates, rodents and birds. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that the bovine IFITM3 gene and IFITM3 protein showed closer evolutionary distance with primates than with rodents. However, cattle showed an independent clade among primates, rodents and birds. Multiple sequence alignment of the IFITM3 protein indicated that the bovine IFITM3 protein contains 36 bovine-specific amino acids. Notably, the bovine IFITM3 protein was predicted to prefer inside-to-outside topology of intramembrane domain 1 (IMD1) and inside-to-outside topology of transmembrane domain 2 by TMpred and three membrane embedding domains according to the SOSUI system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Chan Kim
- 1Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, 820-120 Hana-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54531, Republic of Korea
- 2Department of Bioactive Material Sciences and Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54531, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Hoon Jeong
- 1Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, 820-120 Hana-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54531, Republic of Korea
- 2Department of Bioactive Material Sciences and Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54531, Republic of Korea
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Kimura I, Konno Y, Uriu K, Hopfensperger K, Sauter D, Nakagawa S, Sato K. Sarbecovirus ORF6 proteins hamper induction of interferon signaling. Cell Rep 2021; 34:108916. [PMID: 33765414 PMCID: PMC7953434 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of an ORF6 gene distinguishes sarbecoviruses such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and SARS-CoV-2 from other betacoronaviruses. Here we show that ORF6 inhibits induction of innate immune signaling, including upregulation of type I interferon (IFN) upon viral infection as well as type I and III IFN signaling. Intriguingly, ORF6 proteins from SARS-CoV-2 lineages are more efficient antagonists of innate immunity than their orthologs from SARS-CoV lineages. Mutational analyses identified residues E46 and Q56 as important determinants of the antagonistic activity of SARS-CoV-2 ORF6. Moreover, we show that the anti-innate immune activity of ORF6 depends on its C-terminal region and that ORF6 inhibits nuclear translocation of IRF3. Finally, we identify naturally occurring frameshift/nonsense mutations that result in an inactivating truncation of ORF6 in approximately 0.2% of SARS-CoV-2 isolates. Our findings suggest that ORF6 contributes to the poor IFN activation observed in individuals with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
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Affiliation(s)
- Izumi Kimura
- Division of Systems Virology, Department of Infectious Disease Control, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 1088639, Japan
| | - Yoriyuki Konno
- Division of Systems Virology, Department of Infectious Disease Control, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 1088639, Japan
| | - Keiya Uriu
- Division of Systems Virology, Department of Infectious Disease Control, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 1088639, Japan; Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 1130033, Japan
| | - Kristina Hopfensperger
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm 89081, Germany; Institute for Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Daniel Sauter
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm 89081, Germany; Institute for Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - So Nakagawa
- Department of Molecular Life Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa 2591193, Japan; CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 3220012, Japan
| | - Kei Sato
- Division of Systems Virology, Department of Infectious Disease Control, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 1088639, Japan; CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 3220012, Japan.
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Shao DD, Meng FZ, Liu Y, Xu XQ, Wang X, Hu WH, Hou W, Ho WZ. Poly(dA:dT) Suppresses HSV-2 Infection of Human Cervical Epithelial Cells Through RIG-I Activation. Front Immunol 2021; 11:598884. [PMID: 33664729 PMCID: PMC7923882 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.598884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial cells of the female reproductive tract (FRT) participate in the initial innate immunity against viral infections. Poly(dA:dT) is a synthetic analog of B form double-stranded (ds) DNA which can activate the interferon (IFN) signaling pathway-mediated antiviral immunity through DNA-dependent RNA Polymerase III. Here we investigated whether poly(dA:dT) could inhibit herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) infection of human cervical epithelial cells (End1/E6E7). We demonstrated that poly(dA:dT) treatment of End1/E6E7 cells could significantly inhibit HSV-2 infection. Mechanistically, poly(dA:dT) treatment of the cells induced the expression of the intracellular IFNs and the multiple antiviral IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs), including IFN-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15), IFN-stimulated gene 56 (ISG56), 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase 1 (OAS1), 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase 2 (OAS2), myxovirus resistance protein A (MxA), myxovirus resistance protein B (MxB), virus inhibitory protein, endoplasmic reticulum-associated, IFN-inducible (Viperin), and guanylate binding protein 5 (GBP5). Further investigation showed that the activation of RIG-I was largely responsible for poly(dA:dT)-mediated HSV-2 inhibition and IFN/ISGs induction in the cervical epithelial cells, as RIG-I knockout abolished the poly(dA:dT) actions. These observations demonstrate the importance for design and development of AT-rich dsDNA-based intervention strategies to control HSV-2 mucosal transmission in FRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Dan Shao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Feng-Zhen Meng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Xi-Qiu Xu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Wen-Hui Hu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Wei Hou
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen-Zhe Ho
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Matsumoto K, Okamoto K, Okabe S, Fujii R, Ueda K, Ohashi K, Seimiya H. G-quadruplex-forming nucleic acids interact with splicing factor 3B subunit 2 and suppress innate immune gene expression. Genes Cells 2021; 26:65-82. [PMID: 33290632 PMCID: PMC7898707 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
G‐quadruplex (G4), a non‐canonical higher‐order structure formed by guanine‐rich nucleic acid sequences, affects various genetic events in cis, including replication, transcription and translation. Whereas up‐regulation of innate immune/interferon‐stimulated genes (ISGs) is implicated in cancer progression, G4‐forming oligonucleotides that mimic telomeric repeat‐containing RNA suppress ISG induction in three‐dimensional (3D) culture of cancer cells. However, it is unclear how G4 suppresses ISG expression in trans. In this study, we found that G4 binding to splicing factor 3B subunit 2 (SF3B2) down‐regulated STAT1 phosphorylation and ISG expression in 3D‐cultured cancer cells. Liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry analysis identified SF3B2 as a G4‐binding protein. Either G4‐forming oligonucleotides or SF3B2 knockdown suppressed ISG induction, whereas Phen‐DC3, a G4‐stabilizing compound, reversed the inhibitory effect of G4‐forming oligonucleotides on ISG induction. Phen‐DC3 inhibited SF3B2 binding to G4 in vitro. SF3B2‐mediated ISG induction appeared to occur independently of RNA splicing because SF3B2 knockdown did not affect pre‐mRNA splicing under the experimental conditions, and pharmacological inhibition of splicing by pladienolide B did not repress ISG induction. These observations suggest that G4 disrupts the ability of SF3B2 to induce ISGs in cancer. We propose a new mode for gene regulation, which employs G4 as an inhibitory trans‐element.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Matsumoto
- Division of Molecular Biotherapy, Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Keiji Okamoto
- Division of Molecular Biotherapy, Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sachiko Okabe
- Division of Molecular Biotherapy, Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Risa Fujii
- Cancer Proteomics Group, Cancer Precision Medicine Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Ueda
- Cancer Proteomics Group, Cancer Precision Medicine Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenichi Ohashi
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan.,Department of Human Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Seimiya
- Division of Molecular Biotherapy, Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
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Huang X, Xu Y, Lin Q, Guo W, Zhao D, Wang C, Wang L, Zhou H, Jiang Y, Cui W, Qiao X, Li Y, Ma G, Tang L. Determination of antiviral action of long non-coding RNA loc107051710 during infectious bursal disease virus infection due to enhancement of interferon production. Virulence 2021; 11:68-79. [PMID: 31865850 PMCID: PMC6961729 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2019.1707957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The functions and profiles of lncRNAs during infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) infection have not been determined, yet. The objectives of this study were to determine the antiviral action of loc107051710 lncRNA during IBDV infection by investigating the relationship between loc107051710 and IRF8, Type I IFN, STATs, and ISGs. DF-1 cells were either left untreated as non-infected controls (n = 1) or infected with IBDV (n = 3). RNA sequencing was applied for analysis of mRNAs and lncRNAs expression. Differentially expressed genes were verified by RT-qPCR. Then identification, of 230 significantly different expressed genes (182 mRNAs and 48 lncRNA) by pairwise comparison of the infected and control groups, was carried out. The functions of differentially expressed lncRNAs were investigated by selection of lncRNAs and mRNAs significantly enriched in the aforementioned biological processes and signaling pathways for construction of lncRNA-mRNA co-expression networks. The techniques of gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways were applied. It was suggested that these differentially expressed genes were involved in the interaction between the host and IBDV. Loc107051710 was found to have potential antiviral effects. RT-qPCR and western blot were applied and revealed that loc107051710 was required for induction of IRF8, type I IFN, STAT, and ISG expression, and its knockdown promoted IBDV replication. By fluorescence in situ hybridization, it was found that loc107051710 was translocated from the nucleus to the cytoplasm after infection with IBDV. Overall, loc107051710 promoted the production of IFN-α and IFN-β by regulating IRF8, thereby promoting the antiviral activity of ISGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewei Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Yigang Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Qingyu Lin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Weilong Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Dongfang Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Chunmei Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Li Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Han Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Yanping Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Wen Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Xinyuan Qiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Yijing Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Guangpeng Ma
- Agricultural High Technology Department, China Rural Technology Development Center, Beijing China
| | - Lijie Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P.R. China
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Farrukee R, Ait-Goughoulte M, Saunders PM, Londrigan SL, Reading PC. Host Cell Restriction Factors of Paramyxoviruses and Pneumoviruses. Viruses 2020; 12:E1381. [PMID: 33276587 DOI: 10.3390/v12121381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The paramyxo- and pneumovirus family includes a wide range of viruses that can cause respiratory and/or systemic infections in humans and animals. The significant disease burden of these viruses is further exacerbated by the limited therapeutics that are currently available. Host cellular proteins that can antagonize or limit virus replication are therefore a promising area of research to identify candidate molecules with the potential for host-targeted therapies. Host proteins known as host cell restriction factors are constitutively expressed and/or induced in response to virus infection and include proteins from interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). Many ISG proteins have been identified but relatively few have been characterized in detail and most studies have focused on studying their antiviral activities against particular viruses, such as influenza A viruses and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1. This review summarizes current literature regarding host cell restriction factors against paramyxo- and pneumoviruses, on which there is more limited data. Alongside discussion of known restriction factors, this review also considers viral countermeasures in overcoming host restriction, the strengths and limitations in different experimental approaches in studies reported to date, and the challenges in reconciling differences between in vitro and in vivo data. Furthermore, this review provides an outlook regarding the landscape of emerging technologies and tools available to study host cell restriction factors, as well as the suitability of these proteins as targets for broad-spectrum antiviral therapeutics.
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Zhang Y, Jiang C, Trudeau SJ, Narita Y, Zhao B, Teng M, Guo R, Gewurz BE. Histone Loaders CAF1 and HIRA Restrict Epstein-Barr Virus B-Cell Lytic Reactivation. mBio 2020; 11:e01063-20. [PMID: 33109754 DOI: 10.1128/mBio.01063-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infects 95% of adults worldwide and causes infectious mononucleosis. EBV is associated with endemic Burkitt lymphoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, posttransplant lymphomas, nasopharyngeal and gastric carcinomas. In these cancers and in most infected B-cells, EBV maintains a state of latency, where nearly 80 lytic cycle antigens are epigenetically suppressed. To gain insights into host epigenetic factors necessary for EBV latency, we recently performed a human genome-wide CRISPR screen that identified the chromatin assembly factor CAF1 as a putative Burkitt latency maintenance factor. CAF1 loads histones H3 and H4 onto newly synthesized host DNA, though its roles in EBV genome chromatin assembly are uncharacterized. Here, we found that CAF1 depletion triggered lytic reactivation and virion secretion from Burkitt cells, despite also strongly inducing interferon-stimulated genes. CAF1 perturbation diminished occupancy of histones 3.1 and 3.3 and of repressive histone 3 lysine 9 and 27 trimethyl (H3K9me3 and H3K27me3) marks at multiple viral genome lytic cycle regulatory elements. Suggestive of an early role in establishment of latency, EBV strongly upregulated CAF1 expression in newly infected primary human B-cells prior to the first mitosis, and histone 3.1 and 3.3 were loaded on the EBV genome by this time point. Knockout of CAF1 subunit CHAF1B impaired establishment of latency in newly EBV-infected Burkitt cells. A nonredundant latency maintenance role was also identified for the DNA synthesis-independent histone 3.3 loader histone regulatory homologue A (HIRA). Since EBV latency also requires histone chaperones alpha thalassemia/mental retardation syndrome X-linked chromatin remodeler (ATRX) and death domain-associated protein (DAXX), EBV coopts multiple host histone pathways to maintain latency, and these are potential targets for lytic induction therapeutic approaches.IMPORTANCE Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) was discovered as the first human tumor virus in endemic Burkitt lymphoma, the most common childhood cancer in sub-Saharan Africa. In Burkitt lymphoma and in 200,000 EBV-associated cancers per year, epigenetic mechanisms maintain viral latency, during which lytic cycle factors are silenced. This property complicated EBV's discovery and facilitates tumor immunoevasion. DNA methylation and chromatin-based mechanisms contribute to lytic gene silencing. Here, we identified histone chaperones CAF1 and HIRA, which have key roles in host DNA replication-dependent and replication-independent pathways, respectively, as important for EBV latency. EBV strongly upregulates CAF1 in newly infected B-cells, where viral genomes acquire histone 3.1 and 3.3 variants prior to the first mitosis. Since histone chaperones ATRX and DAXX also function in maintenance of EBV latency, our results suggest that EBV coopts multiple histone pathways to reprogram viral genomes and highlight targets for lytic induction therapeutic strategies.
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Quinlan S, May S, Weeks R, Yuan H, Luff JA. Abrogation of Constitutive and Induced Type I and Type III Interferons and Interferon-Stimulated Genes in Keratinocytes by Canine Papillomavirus 2 E6 and E7. Viruses 2020; 12:v12060677. [PMID: 32585804 PMCID: PMC7354437 DOI: 10.3390/v12060677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous papillomaviruses can cause severe, persistent infections and skin cancer in immunodeficient patients, including people with X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency (XSCID). A similar phenotype is observed in a canine model of XSCID; these dogs acquire severe cutaneous papillomavirus infections that can progress to cancer in association with canine papillomavirus type 2 (CPV2). This canine model system provides a natural spontaneous animal model for investigation of papillomavirus infections in immunodeficient patients. Currently, it is unknown if CPV2 can subvert the innate immune system and interfere with its ability to express antiviral cytokines, which are critical in the host defense against viral pathogens. The aim of the current study was to determine if the oncogenes E6 and E7 from CPV2 interfere with expression of antiviral cytokines in keratinocytes, the target cells of papillomavirus infections. We determined that E6 but not E7 interferes with the constitutive expression of some antiviral cytokines, including interferon (IFN)-β and the IFN-stimulated gene IFIT1. Both E6 and E7 interfere with the transcriptional upregulation of the antiviral cytokines in response to stimulation with the dsDNA Poly(dA:dT). In contrast, while E6 also interferes with the transcriptional upregulation of antiviral cytokines in response to stimulation with the dsRNA Poly(I:C), E7 interferes with only a subset of these antiviral cytokines. Finally, we demonstrated that E7 but not E6 abrogates signaling through the type I IFN receptor. Taken together, CPV2 E6 and E7 both impact expression of antiviral cytokines in canine keratinocytes, albeit likely through different mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Quinlan
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA; (S.Q.); (S.M.); (R.W.)
| | - Susan May
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA; (S.Q.); (S.M.); (R.W.)
| | - Ryan Weeks
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA; (S.Q.); (S.M.); (R.W.)
| | - Hang Yuan
- Department of Pathology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA;
| | - Jennifer A. Luff
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA; (S.Q.); (S.M.); (R.W.)
- Correspondence:
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Claverie JM. A Putative Role of de-Mono-ADP-Ribosylation of STAT1 by the SARS-CoV-2 Nsp3 Protein in the Cytokine Storm Syndrome of COVID-19. Viruses 2020; 12:E646. [PMID: 32549200 DOI: 10.3390/v12060646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As more cases of COVID-19 are studied and treated worldwide, it had become apparent that the lethal and most severe cases of pneumonia are due to an out-of-control inflammatory response to the SARS-CoV-2 virus. I explored the putative causes of this specific feature through a detailed genomic comparison with the closest SARS-CoV-2 relatives isolated from bats, as well as previous coronavirus strains responsible for the previous epidemics (SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV). The high variability region of the nsp3 protein was confirmed to exhibit the most variations between closest strains. It was then studied in the context of physiological and molecular data available in the literature. A number of convergent findings suggest de-mono-ADP-ribosylation (de-MARylation) of STAT1 by the SARS-CoV-2 nsp3 as a putative cause of the cytokine storm observed in the most severe cases of COVID-19. This may suggest new therapeutic approaches and help in designing assays to predict the virulence of naturally circulating SARS-like animal coronaviruses.
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Yang X, Arslan M, Liu X, Song H, Du M, Li Y, Zhang Z. IFN-γ establishes interferon-stimulated gene-mediated antiviral state against Newcastle disease virus in chicken fibroblasts. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2020; 52:268-280. [PMID: 32047904 PMCID: PMC7109688 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmz158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) causes severe economic losses through severe morbidity and mortality and poses a significant threat to the global poultry industry. Significant efforts have been made to develop novel vaccines and therapeutics; however, the interaction of NDV with the host is not yet fully understood. Interferons (IFNs), an integral component of innate immune signaling, act as the first line of defense against invading viruses. Compared with the mammalian repertoire of IFNs, limited information is available on the antiviral potential of IFNs in chickens. Here, we expressed chicken IFN-γ (chIFN-γ) using a baculovirus expression vector system, characterized its antiviral potential against NDV, and determined its antiviral potential. Priming of chicken embryo fibroblasts with chIFN-γ elicited an antiviral environment in primary cells, which was mainly due to interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). A genome-wide transcriptomics approach was used to elucidate the possible signaling pathways associated with IFN-γ-induced immune responses. RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) data revealed significant induction of ISG-associated pathways, activated temporal expression of ISGs, antiviral mediators, and transcriptional regulators in a cascade of antiviral responses. Collectively, we found that IFN-γ significantly elicited an antiviral response against NDV infection. These data provide a foundation for chIFN-γ-mediated antiviral responses and underpin functional annotation of these important chIFN-γ-induced antiviral influencers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Mehboob Arslan
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xingjian Liu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Haozhi Song
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Mengtan Du
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yinü Li
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhifang Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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Ma H, Qian W, Bambouskova M, Collins PL, Porter SI, Byrum AK, Zhang R, Artyomov M, Oltz EM, Mosammaparast N, Miner JJ, Diamond MS. Barrier-to-Autointegration Factor 1 Protects against a Basal cGAS-STING Response. mBio 2020; 11:e00136-20. [PMID: 32156810 PMCID: PMC7064753 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00136-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the pathogen recognition receptor pathways that activate cell-intrinsic antiviral responses are well delineated, less is known about how the host regulates this response to prevent sustained signaling and possible immune-mediated damage. Using a genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 screening approach to identify host factors that modulate interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) expression, we identified the DNA binding protein Barrier-to-autointegration factor 1 (Banf1), a previously described inhibitor of retrovirus integration, as a modulator of basal cell-intrinsic immunity. Ablation of Banf1 by gene editing resulted in chromatin activation near host defense genes with associated increased expression of ISGs, including Oas2, Rsad2 (viperin), Ifit1, and ISG15 The phenotype in Banf1-deficient cells occurred through a cGAS-, STING-, and IRF3-dependent signaling axis, was associated with reduced infection of RNA and DNA viruses, and was reversed in Banf1 complemented cells. Confocal microscopy and biochemical studies revealed that a loss of Banf1 expression resulted in higher level of cytosolic double-stranded DNA at baseline. Our study identifies an undescribed role for Banf1 in regulating the levels of cytoplasmic DNA and cGAS-dependent ISG homeostasis and suggests possible therapeutic directions for promoting or inhibiting cell-intrinsic innate immune responses.IMPORTANCE Although the interferon (IFN) signaling pathway is a key host mechanism to restrict infection of a diverse range of viral pathogens, its unrestrained activity either at baseline or in the context of an immune response can result in host cell damage and injury. Here, we used a genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 screen and identified the DNA binding protein Barrier-to-autointegration factor 1 (Banf1) as a modulator of basal cell-intrinsic immunity. A loss of Banf1 expression resulted in higher level of cytosolic double-stranded DNA at baseline, which triggered IFN-stimulated gene expression via a cGAS-STING-IRF3 axis that did not require type I IFN or STAT1 signaling. Our experiments define a regulatory network in which Banf1 limits basal inflammation by preventing self DNA accumulation in the cytosol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongming Ma
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Wei Qian
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Monika Bambouskova
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Patrick L Collins
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Sofia I Porter
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Andrea K Byrum
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Maxim Artyomov
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Eugene M Oltz
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Nima Mosammaparast
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jonathan J Miner
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Michael S Diamond
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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Aref S, Castleton AZ, Bailey K, Burt R, Dey A, Leongamornlert D, Mitchell RJ, Okasha D, Fielding AK. Type 1 Interferon Responses Underlie Tumor-Selective Replication of Oncolytic Measles Virus. Mol Ther 2020; 28:1043-1055. [PMID: 32087150 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2020.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism of tumor-selective replication of oncolytic measles virus (MV) is poorly understood. Using a stepwise model of cellular transformation, in which oncogenic hits were additively expressed in human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells, we show that MV-induced oncolysis increased progressively with transformation. The type 1 interferon (IFN) response to MV infection was significantly reduced and delayed, in accordance with the level of transformation. Consistently, we observed delayed and reduced signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT1) phosphorylation in the fully transformed cells. Pre-treatment with IFNβ restored resistance to MV-mediated oncolysis. Gene expression profiling to identify the genetic correlates of susceptibility to MV oncolysis revealed a dampened basal level of immune-related genes in the fully transformed cells compared to their normal counterparts. IFN-induced transmembrane protein 1 (IFITM1) was the foremost basally downregulated immune gene. Stable IFITM1 overexpression in MV-susceptible cells resulted in a 50% increase in cell viability and a significant reduction in viral replication at 24 h after MV infection. Overall, our data indicate that the basal reduction in functions of the type 1 IFN pathway is a major contributor to the oncolytic selectivity of MV. In particular, we have identified IFITM1 as a restriction factor for oncolytic MV, acting at early stages of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Aref
- UCL Cancer Institute, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | | | | | | | - Aditi Dey
- UCL Cancer Institute, London WC1E 6DD, UK
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Brice DC, Figgins E, Yu F, Diamond G. Type I interferon and interferon-stimulated gene expression in oral epithelial cells. Mol Oral Microbiol 2019; 34:245-253. [PMID: 31520463 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Oral epithelial cells (OEC) represent the first site of host interaction with viruses that infect the body through the oral route; however, their innate antiviral defense mechanisms yet to be defined. Previous studies have determined that OEC express pathogen-, damage-, or danger-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs or DAMPs), but their expression of key antiviral innate immune mediators, including type I interferons (type I IFN) and interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) has not been studied extensively. We used the oral keratinocyte cell line, OKF6/TERT1, in the presence and absence of the viral mimics poly(I:C) and unmethylated CpG DNA, to define the expression of type I IFN and ISGs. We identified the basal expression of novel type I IFN genes IFNE and IFNK, while IFNB1 was induced by viral mimics, through the nuclear translocation of IRF3. Numerous ISGs were expressed at basal levels in OEC, with an apparent correlation between high expression and antiviral activity at the earlier stages of viral infection. Stimulation of OECs with poly(I:C) led to selective induction of ISGs, including MX1, BST2, PML, RSAD2, ISG15, and ZC3HAV1. Together, our results demonstrate that OECs exhibit a robust innate antiviral immune defense profile, which is primed to address a wide variety of pathogenic viruses that are transmitted orally.
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Affiliation(s)
- D C Brice
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - E Figgins
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - F Yu
- The Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - G Diamond
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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44
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Xu C, Feng L, Chen P, Li A, Guo S, Jiao X, Zhang C, Zhao Y, Jin X, Zhong K, Guo Y, Zhu H, Han L, Yang G, Li H, Wang Y. Viperin inhibits classical swine fever virus replication by interacting with viral nonstructural 5A protein. J Med Virol 2019; 92:149-160. [PMID: 31517388 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) is a single-stranded RNA flavivirus that can cause serious diseases in porcine species, including symptoms of infarction, systemic hemorrhage, high fever, or depression. Viperin is an important interferon-inducible antiviral gene that has been shown to inhibit CSFV, but the exact mechanisms by which it is able to do so remain poorly characterized. In the present study, we determined that CSFV infection led to viperin upregulation in PK-15 cells (porcine kidney cell). When viperin was overexpressed in these cells, this markedly attenuated CSFV replication, with clear reductions in viral copy number after 12 to 48 hours postinfection. Immunofluorescence microscopy revealed that the viral NS5A protein colocalized with viperin in infected cells, and this was confirmed via confocal laser scanning microscopy using labeled versions of these proteins, and by co-immunoprecipitation which confirmed that NS5A directly interacts with viperin. When NS5A was overexpressed, this inhibited the replication of CSFV, and we determined that the radical SAM domain and N-terminal domain of viperin was critical for its ability to bind to NS5A, with the latter being most important for this interaction. Together, our in vitro results highlight a potential mechanism whereby viperin is able to inhibit CSFV replication. These results have the potential to assist future efforts to prevent or treat systemic CSFV-induced disease, and may also offer more general insights into the antiviral role of viperin in innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Luping Feng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Peige Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Anqi Li
- School of literature, Zhengzhou Sias University, Xinzheng, Henan, China
| | - Shuang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xianqin Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Chengyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yunze Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiangyang Jin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Kai Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yujie Guo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Heshui Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Liqiang Han
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Guoyu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Heping Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yueying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Hwang JW, Lee KJ, Choi IH, Han HM, Kim TH, Lee SH. Decreased expression of type I (IFN-β) and type III (IFN-λ) interferons and interferon-stimulated genes in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with and without nasal polyps. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 144:1551-1565.e2. [PMID: 31449915 PMCID: PMC7111475 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Little is known about antiviral responses in the sinonasal mucosal tissue of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Objective we investigated the presence of virus and the expression of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 3, TLR7, and interferon and interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) in healthy mucosal tissue of control subjects and the inflammatory sinus mucosal tissue of CRS patients, and evaluated whether levels of interferons and ISGs might be affected by CRS-related cytokines and by treatment with macrolides, dexamethasone, or TLR3 and TLR7 agonists. Methods The presence of virus in the sinonasal mucosa was evaluated with real-time PCR. The expression of interferons and ISGs in the sinonasal mucosa and in cultured epithelial cells treated with TH1 and TH2 cytokines, macrolides, dexamethasone, or TLR3 and TLR7 agonists were evaluated with real-time PCR and Western blotting. The expression of TLR3 and TLR7 in the sinonasal mucosa were evaluated with immunohistochemistry. Results Respiratory viruses were detected in 15% of samples. Interferons and ISGs are expressed in normal mucosa, but their levels were decreased in patients with CRS. Interferon and ISG levels were upregulated in cells treated with macrolides, dexamethasone, or TLR3 agonist, but some were decreased in cytokine-treated cells. TLR3 and TLR7 levels showed no significant difference between normal and inflammatory sinus mucosal tissue. Conclusion These results suggest that decreased levels of interferons and ISGs in patients with CRS might contribute to impairment of the antiviral innate response in inflammatory sinonasal epithelial cells. Macrolides and glucocorticoids might provide positive effects on the treatment of CRS by upregulating interferon and ISG expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Woong Hwang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki Jeong Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - In Hak Choi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Min Han
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae Hoon Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Hag Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea.
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Meade N, King M, Munger J, Walsh D. mTOR Dysregulation by Vaccinia Virus F17 Controls Multiple Processes with Varying Roles in Infection. J Virol 2019; 93:e00784-19. [PMID: 31118254 DOI: 10.1128/JVI.00784-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite producing enormous amounts of cytoplasmic DNA, poxviruses continue to replicate efficiently by deploying an armory of proteins that counter host antiviral responses at multiple levels. Among these, poxvirus protein F17 dysregulates the host kinase mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) to prevent the activation of stimulator of interferon genes (STING) expression and impair the production of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). However, the host DNA sensor(s) involved and their impact on infection in the absence of F17 remain unknown. Here, we show that cyclic-di-GMP-AMP (cGAMP) synthase (cGAS) is the primary sensor that mediates interferon response factor (IRF) activation and ISG responses to vaccinia virus lacking F17 in both macrophages and lung fibroblasts, although additional sensors also operate in the latter cell type. Despite this, ablation of ISG responses through cGAS or STING knockout did not rescue defects in late-viral-protein production, and the experimental data pointed to other functions of mTOR in this regard. mTOR adjusts both autophagic and protein-synthetic processes to cellular demands. No significant differences in autophagic responses to wild-type or F17 mutant viruses could be detected, with autophagic activity differing across cell types or states and exhibiting no correlations with defects in viral-protein accumulation. In contrast, results using transformed cells or altered growth conditions suggested that late-stage defects in protein accumulation reflect failure of the F17 mutant to deregulate mTOR and stimulate protein production. Finally, rescue approaches suggest that phosphorylation may partition F17's functions as a structural protein and mTOR regulator. Our findings reveal the complex multifunctionality of F17 during infection.IMPORTANCE Poxviruses are large, double-stranded DNA viruses that replicate entirely in the cytoplasm, an unusual act that activates pathogen sensors and innate antiviral responses. In order to replicate, poxviruses therefore encode a wide range of innate immune antagonists that include F17, a protein that dysregulates the kinase mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) to suppress interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) responses. However, the host sensor(s) that detects infection in the absence of F17 and its precise contribution to infection remains unknown. Here, we show that the cytosolic DNA sensor cGAS is primarily responsible for activating ISG responses in biologically relevant cell types infected with a poxvirus that does not express F17. However, in line with their expression of ∼100 proteins that act as immune response and ISG antagonists, while F17 helps suppress cGAS-mediated responses, we find that a critical function of its mTOR dysregulation activity is to enhance poxvirus protein production.
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Aso H, Ito J, Koyanagi Y, Sato K. Comparative Description of the Expression Profile of Interferon-Stimulated Genes in Multiple Cell Lineages Targeted by HIV-1 Infection. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:429. [PMID: 30915053 PMCID: PMC6423081 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Immediately after viral infections, innate immune sensors recognize viruses and lead to the production of type I interferon (IFN-I). IFN-I upregulates various genes, referred to as IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs), and some ISGs inhibit viral replication. HIV-1, the causative agent of AIDS, mainly infects CD4+ T cells and macrophages and triggers the IFN-I-mediated signaling cascade. Certain ISGs are subsequently upregulated by IFN-I stimulus and potently suppress HIV-1 replication. HIV-1 cell biology has shed light on the molecular understanding of the IFN-I production triggered by HIV-1 infection and the antiviral roles of ISGs. However, the differences in the gene expression patterns following IFN-I stimulus among HIV-1 target cell types are poorly understood. In this study, we hypothesize that the expression profiles of ISGs are different among HIV-1 target cells and address this question by utilizing public transcriptome datasets and bioinformatic techniques. We focus on three cell types intrinsically targeted by HIV-1, including CD4+ T cells, monocytes, and macrophages, and comprehensively compare the expression patterns of ISGs among these cell types. Furthermore, we use the datasets of the differentially expressed genes by HIV-1 infection and the evolutionarily conserved ISGs in mammals and perform comparative transcriptome analyses. We defined 104 ‘common ISGs’ that were upregulated by IFN-I stimulus in CD4+ T cells, monocytes, and macrophages. The ISG expression patterns were different among these three cell types, and intriguingly, both the numbers and the magnitudes of upregulated ISGs by IFN-I stimulus were greatest in macrophages. We also found that the upregulated genes by HIV-1 infection included most ‘common ISGs.’ Moreover, we determined that the ‘common ISGs,’ particularly those with antiviral activity, were evolutionarily conserved in mammals. To our knowledge, this study is the first investigation to comprehensively describe (i) the different expression patterns of ISGs among HIV-1 target cells, (ii) the overlap in the genes modulated by IFN-I stimulus and HIV-1 infection and (iii) the evolutionary conservation in mammals of the antiviral ISGs that are expressed in HIV-1 target cells. Our results will be useful for deeply understanding the relationship of the effect of IFN-I and the modulated gene expression by HIV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Aso
- Laboratory of Systems Virology, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Jumpei Ito
- Laboratory of Systems Virology, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshio Koyanagi
- Laboratory of Systems Virology, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kei Sato
- Division of Systems Virology, Department of Infectious Disease Control, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan
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48
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Zhang Y, Wang L, Huang X, Wang S, Huang Y, Qin Q. Fish Cholesterol 25-Hydroxylase Inhibits Virus Replication via Regulating Interferon Immune Response or Affecting Virus Entry. Front Immunol 2019; 10:322. [PMID: 30894855 PMCID: PMC6414437 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase (CH25H) is an interferon (IFN)-induced gene that catalyzes the oxidation of cholesterol to 25-hydroxycholesterol (25HC), which exerts broad-spectrum antiviral function. To investigate the roles of fish CH25H in Singapore grouper iridovirus (SGIV) and red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (RGNNV) infection, we cloned and characterized a CH25H homolog from orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides) (EcCH25H). EcCH25H encoded a 271-amino-acid polypeptide, with 86 and 59% homology with yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) and humans, respectively. EcCH25H contained a conserved fatty acid (FA) hydroxylase domain and an ERG3 domain. EcCH25H expression was induced by RGNNV or SGIV infection, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or poly (I:C) treatment in vitro. Subcellular localization showed that EcCH25H and mutant EcCH25H-M were distributed in the cytoplasm and partly colocalized with the endoplasmic reticulum. SGIV and RGNNV replication was decreased by EcCH25H overexpression, which was reflected in the reduced severity of the cytopathic effect and a decrease in viral gene transcription, but replication of both viruses was increased by knockdown of EcCH25H. Besides, the antiviral activity was dependent on its enzymatic activity. Treatment with 25HC significantly inhibited replication of SGIV and RGNNV. EcCH25H overexpression positively regulated the IFN-related molecules and proinflammatory cytokines, and increased both IFN and ISRE promoter activities. Moreover, 25HC treatment significantly suppressed SGIV and RGNNV entry into host cells. The similar inhibitory effect on SGIV entry was observed in EcCH25H overexpression cells. Taken together, our findings demonstrated that EcCH25H inhibited SGIV and RGNNV infection by regulating IFN signaling molecules, and might also influence viral entry via an effect on cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Zhang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liqun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohong Huang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaowen Wang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Youhua Huang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiwei Qin
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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Abstract
The antiviral innate immunity is the first line of host defense against virus infections. In mammalian cells, viral infections initiate the expression of interferons (IFNs) in the host that in turn activate an antiviral defense program to restrict viral replications by induction of IFN stimulated genes (ISGs), which are largely regulated by the IFN-regulatory factor (IRF) family and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) family transcription factors. The mechanisms of action of IRFs and STATs involve several post-translational modifications, complex formation, and nuclear translocation of these transcription factors. However, many viruses, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Zika virus (ZIKV), and herpes simplex virus (HSV), have evolved strategies to evade host defense, including alteration in IRF and STAT post-translational modifications, disturbing the formation and nuclear translocation of the transcription complexes as well as proteolysis/degradation of IRFs and STATs. In this review, we discuss and summarize the molecular mechanisms by which how viral components may target IRFs and STATs to antagonize the establishment of antiviral host defense. The underlying host-viral interactions determine the outcome of viral infection. Gaining mechanistic insight into these processes will be crucial in understanding how viral replication can be more effectively controlled and in developing approaches to improve virus infection outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Sen Chiang
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Helene Minyi Liu
- Graduate Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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50
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Wei C, Zheng C, Sun J, Luo D, Tang Y, Zhang Y, Ke X, Liu Y, Zheng Z, Wang H. Viperin Inhibits Enterovirus A71 Replication by Interacting with Viral 2C Protein. Viruses 2018; 11:E13. [PMID: 30587778 DOI: 10.3390/v11010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterovirus A71 (EVA71) is a human enterovirus belonging to the Picornaviridae family and mostly causes hand-foot-and-mouth disease in infants. Viperin is an important interferon-stimulated gene with a broad antiviral activity against various viruses. However, the effect of viperin on human enteroviruses and the interaction mechanism between EVA71 and viperin remains elusive. Here, we confirmed the EVA71-induced expression of viperin in a mouse model and cell lines and showed that viperin upregulation by EVA71 infection occurred on both the mRNA and protein level. Viperin knockdown and overexpression in EVA71-infected cells indicated that this protein can markedly inhibit EVA71 infection. Interestingly, immunofluorescent confocal microscopy and co-immunoprecipitation assays indicated that viperin interacts and colocalizes with the EVA71 protein 2C in the endoplasmic reticulum. Furthermore, amino acids 50⁻60 in the N-terminal domain of viperin were the key residues responsible for viperin interaction with 2C. More importantly, the N-terminal domain of viperin was found responsible for inhibiting EVA71 replication. Our findings can potentially aid future research on the prevention and treatment of nervous system damage caused by EVA71 and may provide a potential target for antiviral therapy.
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