1
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Fitzpatrick AM, Huang M, Mohammad AF, Stephenson ST, Kamaleswaran R, Grunwell JR. Dysfunctional neutrophil type 1 interferon responses in preschool children with recurrent wheezing and IL-4-mediated aeroallergen sensitization. J Allergy Clin Immunol Glob 2024; 3:100229. [PMID: 38510797 PMCID: PMC10950716 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacig.2024.100229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Background The innate mechanisms associated with viral exacerbations in preschool children with recurrent wheezing are not understood. Objective We sought to assess differential gene expression in blood neutrophils from preschool children with recurrent wheezing, stratified by aeroallergen sensitization, at baseline and after exposure to polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)) and also to examine whether poly(I:C)-stimulated blood neutrophils influenced airway epithelial gene expression. Methods Blood neutrophils were purified and cultured overnight with poly(I:C) and underwent next-generation sequencing with Reactome pathway analysis. Primary human small airway epithelial cells were treated with poly(I:C)-treated neutrophil culture supernatants and were analyzed for type 1 interferon gene expression with a targeted array. Symptoms and exacerbations were assessed in participants over 12 months. Results A total of 436 genes were differently expressed in neutrophils from children with versus without aeroallergen sensitization at baseline, with significant downregulation of type 1 interferons. These type 1 interferons were significantly upregulated in sensitized children after poly(I:C) stimulation. Confirmatory experiments demonstrated similar upregulation of type 1 interferons in IL-4-treated neutrophils stimulated with poly(I:C). Poly(I:C)-treated neutrophil supernatants from children with aeroallergen sensitization also induced a type 1 interferon response in epithelial cells. Children with aeroallergen sensitization also had higher symptom scores during exacerbations, and these symptom differences persisted for 3 days after prednisolone treatment. Conclusions Type 1 interferon responses are dysregulated in preschool children with aeroallergen sensitization, which is in turn associated with exacerbation severity. Given the importance of type 1 interferon signaling in viral resolution, additional studies of neutrophil type 1 interferon responses are needed in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M. Fitzpatrick
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Ga
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Ga
| | - Min Huang
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Emory University, Atlanta, Ga
| | | | | | | | - Jocelyn R. Grunwell
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Ga
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Ga
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2
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Fushida N, Horii M, Oishi K, Matsushita T. Anifrolumab for systemic lupus erythematosus: A clinical study of Japanese patients in Kanazawa University Hospital. J Dermatol 2024; 51:607-611. [PMID: 37929294 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.17027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the effectiveness of anifrolumab in treating systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We treated seven patients with SLE (age range, 31-68 years; median age, 48 years); one male and six females) with anifrolumab between January 2022 and February 2023 at Kanazawa University Hospital. The period between the onset and initiation of anifrolumab treatment was 60-276 months (median, 234 months), and the SLE disease activity index-2000 (SLEDAI-2 K) before treatment was 2-6 months (median, 3 months). Five patients experienced skin rashes or alopecia, and their cutaneous lupus erythematosus disease area and severity index (CLASI) activity scores were 2-9 (median, 4). Six patients continued treatment with anifrolumab, but one did not because of uncontrolled pleurisy and pericarditis. Our results demonstrated that anifrolumab was effective in treating SLE and reducing both SLEDAI-2 K and CLASI activity scores (median decrease, 100%). Furthermore, the oral corticosteroid dosage could be reduced in all patients who were able to continue treatment. Our findings indicate that anifrolumab is effective not only for reducing disease and eruption activities, but also facilitates tapering of corticosteroid dosage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsumi Fushida
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Motoki Horii
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kyosuke Oishi
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Takashi Matsushita
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
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3
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Antohi DR, Ramu A, Zhu T, Wang S, Occidental M, Amin B, Wu B, Lee J. An impressive case of Rowell syndrome with extensive mucosal involvement successfully treated with anifrolumab. JAAD Case Rep 2024; 45:50-52. [PMID: 38379874 PMCID: PMC10876482 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdcr.2023.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R. Antohi
- Division of Dermatology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Anitha Ramu
- Department of Rheumatology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Tian Zhu
- Division of Dermatology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Shudan Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Michael Occidental
- Department of Pathology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Bijal Amin
- Division of Dermatology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
- Department of Pathology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Benedict Wu
- Division of Dermatology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Jeanie Lee
- Department of Rheumatology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
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4
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Wiest MJ, Baert L, Gu C, Gayler KM, Ham H, Gorvel L, Keddis MT, Griffing LW, Joo H, Gorvel JP, Billadeau DD, Kane RR, Oh S. Endosomal trafficking inhibitor EGA can control TLR7-mediated IFNα expression by human plasmacytoid dendritic cells. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1202197. [PMID: 38077311 PMCID: PMC10704457 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1202197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) are the major producer of type 1 IFN in response to TLR7 agonists. Aberrant TLR7 activation and type 1 IFN expression by pDCs are linked to the pathogenesis of certain types of autoimmune diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This study investigated the underlying mechanisms for TLR7-mediated cytokine expression by pDCs using a late endosome trafficking inhibitor, EGA (4-bromobenzaldehyde N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl) semicarbazone). We found that EGA treatment decreased IFNα expression by pDCs stimulated with imiquimod (R837), single-stranded RNA40, and influenza virus. EGA also decreased TNFα expression and secretion by R837-stimulated pDCs. Mechanistically, EGA treatment decreased phosphorylation of IKKα/β, STAT1, and p38, and prolonged degradation of IκBα. Furthermore, EGA treatment decreased the colocalization of 3F, a substituted adenine TLR7 agonist, with LAMP1+ compartments in pDCs. EGA was also capable of diminishing IFNα expression by SLE pDCs treated with R837 or live PR8/A/34 influenza viruses. Therefore, we concluded that trafficking of TLR7 agonists to LAMP1+ compartments is important for IFNα expression by pDCs. Data from this study support additional examinations of the potential benefits of EGA in treating type 1 IFN-associated inflammatory diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Wiest
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, United States
| | - Laurie Baert
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, United States
| | - Chao Gu
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, United States
| | - Kevin M. Gayler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, TX, United States
| | - Hyoungjun Ham
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Laurent Gorvel
- CRCM, Aix Marseille Universite, INSERM, Marseille, France
| | - Mira T. Keddis
- Department of Nephrology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, United States
| | - Leroy W. Griffing
- Department of Rheumatology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, United States
| | - HyeMee Joo
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, TX, United States
| | | | | | - Robert R. Kane
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, TX, United States
| | - SangKon Oh
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, TX, United States
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5
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Peck AB, Ambrus JL. Marginal Zone B (MZB) Cells: Comparison of the Initial Identification of Immune Activity Leading to Dacryoadenitis and Sialadenitis in Experimental Sjögren's Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12209. [PMID: 37569583 PMCID: PMC10419086 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Although multiple mouse strains have been advanced as models for Sjögren's syndrome (SS), which is a human systemic autoimmune disease characterized primarily as the loss of lacrimal and salivary gland functions, the C57BL/6.NOD-Aec1Aec2 recombinant inbred (RI) mouse derived from the NOD/ShiLtJ line is considered one of the more appropriate models exhibiting virtually all the characteristics of the human disease. This mouse model, as well as other mouse models of SS, have shown that B lymphocytes are essential for the onset and development of observed clinical manifestations. Recently, studies carried out in the C57BL/6.IL14α transgenic mouse have provided clear evidence that the marginal zone B (MZB) cell population is directly involved in the early pathological events initiating the development of the clinical SS disease, as well as late-stage lymphomagenesis resulting in B-cell lymphomas. Since MZB cells are difficult to study in vivo and in vitro, we carried out a series of ex vivo investigations that utilize temporal global RNA transcriptomic analyses to profile differentially expressed genes exhibiting temporal upregulation during the initial onset and subsequent development of pathophysiological events within the lacrimal and salivary gland tissues per se or associated with the leukocyte cell migrations into these glands. The initial transcriptomic analyses revealed that while the upregulated gene expression profiles obtained from lacrimal and salivary glands overlap, multiple genetic differences exist between the defined activated pathways. In the current study, we present a concept suggesting that the initial pathological events differ between the two glands, yet the subsequent upregulated TLR4/TLR3 signal transduction pathway that activates the type-1 interferon signature appears to be identical in the two glands and indicates an autoimmune response against dsRNA, possibly a virus. Here, we attempt to put these findings into perspective and determine how they can impact the design of future therapeutic protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammon B. Peck
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Julian L. Ambrus
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, SUNY Buffalo School of Medicine, 875 Ellicott Street, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA;
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Pan T, Cao G, Tang E, Zhao Y, Penaloza-MacMaster P, Fang Y, Huang J. A single-cell atlas reveals shared and distinct immune responses and metabolic profiles in SARS-CoV-2 and HIV-1 infections. Front Genet 2023; 14:1105673. [PMID: 36992700 PMCID: PMC10040851 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1105673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Within the inflammatory immune response to viral infection, the distribution and cell type-specific profiles of immune cell populations and the immune-mediated viral clearance pathways vary according to the specific virus. Uncovering the immunological similarities and differences between viral infections is critical to understanding disease progression and developing effective vaccines and therapies. Insight into COVID-19 disease progression has been bolstered by the integration of single-cell (sc)RNA-seq data from COVID-19 patients with data from related viruses to compare immune responses. Expanding this concept, we propose that a high-resolution, systematic comparison between immune cells from SARS-CoV-2 infection and an inflammatory infectious disease with a different pathophysiology will provide a more comprehensive picture of the viral clearance pathways that underscore immunological and clinical differences between infections. Methods: Using a novel consensus single-cell annotation method, we integrate previously published scRNA-seq data from 111,566 single PBMCs from 7 COVID-19, 10 HIV-1+, and 3 healthy patients into a unified cellular atlas. We compare in detail the phenotypic features and regulatory pathways in the major immune cell clusters. Results: While immune cells in both COVID-19 and HIV-1+ cohorts show shared inflammation and disrupted mitochondrial function, COVID-19 patients exhibit stronger humoral immunity, broader IFN-I signaling, elevated Rho GTPase and mTOR pathway activity, and downregulated mitophagy. Discussion: Our results indicate that differential IFN-I signaling regulates the distinct immune responses in the two diseases, revealing insight into fundamental disease biology and potential therapeutic candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Pan
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Guoshuai Cao
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Erting Tang
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Yu Zhao
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | | | - Yun Fang
- Biological Sciences Division, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jun Huang
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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7
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Shaw ER, Matzinger P. Transient autoantibodies to danger signals. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1046300. [PMID: 36742299 PMCID: PMC9889632 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1046300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The Danger Model predicts that there are some molecules that no immune system can ever be fully tolerant of, namely proteins that are only transiently expressed during times of stress, infection, or injury. Among these are the danger/alarm signals themselves. Accordingly, a fleeting autoantibody response to danger signals is expected during times when they are released. Depending on context, these autoantibodies may serve beneficial "housekeeping" functions by removing surplus danger signals from the circulation or, conversely, create an immunodeficiency. Here, we will focus on the Type 1 Interferons as examples of foreseeable targets for a transient autoantibody response, but the principles outlined should hold for other danger-associated molecules as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elana R. Shaw
- Medical Scientist Training Program, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States,*Correspondence: Elana R. Shaw,
| | - Polly Matzinger
- Ghost Lab, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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8
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Wiest MJ, Gu C, Ham H, Gorvel L, Keddis MT, Griffing LW, Joo H, Gorvel JP, Billadeau DD, Oh S. Disruption of endosomal trafficking with EGA alters TLR9 cytokine response in human plasmacytoid dendritic cells. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1144127. [PMID: 37020542 PMCID: PMC10067882 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1144127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) exhibit bifurcated cytokine responses to TLR9 agonists, an IRF7-mediated type 1 IFN response or a pro-inflammatory cytokine response via the activation of NF-κB. This bifurcated response has been hypothesized to result from either distinct signaling endosomes or endo-lysosomal trafficking delay of TLR9 agonists allowing for autocrine signaling to affect outcomes. Utilizing the late endosome trafficking inhibitor, EGA, we assessed the bifurcated cytokine responses of pDCs to TLR9 stimulation. EGA treatment of pDCs diminished both IFNα and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression induced by CpG DNAs (D- and K-type), CpG-DNAs complexed with DOTAP, and genomic DNAs complexed with LL37. Mechanistically, EGA suppressed phosphorylation of IKKα/β, STAT1, Akt, and p38, and decreased colocalization of CpG oligodeoxynucleotides with LAMP+ endo-lysosomes. EGA also diminished type 1 IFN expression by pDCs from systemic lupus erythematosus patients. Therefore, our findings help understand mechanisms for the bifurcated cytokine responses by pDCs and support future examination of the potential benefit of EGA in treating type 1 IFN-associated inflammatory diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Wiest
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, United States
- Baylor Institute of Biomedical Studies, Baylor University, Waco, TX, United States
| | - Chao Gu
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, United States
| | - Hyoungjun Ham
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Laurent Gorvel
- CRCM, Aix Marseille Universite, INSERM, Marseille, France
| | - Mira T. Keddis
- Department of Nephrology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, United States
| | - Leroy W. Griffing
- Department of Rheumatology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, United States
| | - HyeMee Joo
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, United States
- Baylor Institute of Biomedical Studies, Baylor University, Waco, TX, United States
| | | | | | - SangKon Oh
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, United States
- Baylor Institute of Biomedical Studies, Baylor University, Waco, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: SangKon Oh,
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9
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Lista MJ, Winstone H, Wilson HD, Dyer A, Pickering S, Galao RP, De Lorenzo G, Cowton VM, Furnon W, Suarez N, Orton R, Palmarini M, Patel AH, Snell L, Nebbia G, Swanson C, Neil SJD. The P681H Mutation in the Spike Glycoprotein of the Alpha Variant of SARS-CoV-2 Escapes IFITM Restriction and Is Necessary for Type I Interferon Resistance. J Virol 2022; 96:e0125022. [PMID: 36350154 PMCID: PMC9749455 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01250-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The appearance of new dominant variants of concern (VOC) of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) threatens the global response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Of these, the alpha variant (also known as B.1.1.7), which appeared initially in the United Kingdom, became the dominant variant in much of Europe and North America in the first half of 2021. The spike (S) glycoprotein of alpha acquired seven mutations and two deletions compared to the ancestral virus, including the P681H mutation adjacent to the polybasic cleavage site, which has been suggested to enhance S cleavage. Here, we show that the alpha spike protein confers a level of resistance to beta interferon (IFN-β) in human lung epithelial cells. This correlates with resistance to an entry restriction mediated by interferon-induced transmembrane protein 2 (IFITM2) and a pronounced infection enhancement by IFITM3. Furthermore, the P681H mutation is essential for resistance to IFN-β and context-dependent resistance to IFITMs in the alpha S. P681H reduces dependence on endosomal cathepsins, consistent with enhanced cell surface entry. However, reversion of H681 does not reduce cleaved spike incorporation into particles, indicating that it exerts its effect on entry and IFN-β downstream of furin cleavage. Overall, we suggest that, in addition to adaptive immune escape, mutations associated with VOC may well also confer a replication and/or transmission advantage through adaptation to resist innate immune mechanisms. IMPORTANCE Accumulating evidence suggests that variants of concern (VOC) of SARS-CoV-2 evolve to evade the human immune response, with much interest focused on mutations in the spike protein that escape from antibodies. However, resistance to the innate immune response is essential for efficient viral replication and transmission. Here, we show that the alpha (B.1.1.7) VOC of SARS-CoV-2 is substantially more resistant to type I interferons than the parental Wuhan-like virus. This correlates with resistance to the antiviral protein IFITM2 and enhancement by its paralogue IFITM3. The key determinant of this is a proline-to-histidine change at position 681 in S adjacent to the furin cleavage site, which in the context of the alpha spike modulates cell entry pathways of SARS-CoV-2. Reversion of the mutation is sufficient to restore interferon and IFITM2 sensitivity, highlighting the dynamic nature of the SARS CoV-2 as it adapts to both innate and adaptive immunity in the humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Jose Lista
- Department of Infectious Diseases, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- UKRI Genotype-2-Phenotype Consortium, London, United Kingdom
| | - Helena Winstone
- Department of Infectious Diseases, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- UKRI Genotype-2-Phenotype Consortium, London, United Kingdom
| | - Harry D. Wilson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- UKRI Genotype-2-Phenotype Consortium, London, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Dyer
- Department of Infectious Diseases, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- UKRI Genotype-2-Phenotype Consortium, London, United Kingdom
| | - Suzanne Pickering
- Department of Infectious Diseases, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- UKRI Genotype-2-Phenotype Consortium, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rui Pedro Galao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- UKRI Genotype-2-Phenotype Consortium, London, United Kingdom
| | - Giuditta De Lorenzo
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Vanessa M. Cowton
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Wilhelm Furnon
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Nicolas Suarez
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Orton
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Massimo Palmarini
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- UKRI Genotype-2-Phenotype Consortium, London, United Kingdom
| | - Arvind H. Patel
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- UKRI Genotype-2-Phenotype Consortium, London, United Kingdom
| | - Luke Snell
- Centre for Clinical Infection and Diagnostics Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gaia Nebbia
- Centre for Clinical Infection and Diagnostics Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Chad Swanson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart J. D. Neil
- Department of Infectious Diseases, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- UKRI Genotype-2-Phenotype Consortium, London, United Kingdom
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10
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Kakkar V, Assassi S, Allanore Y, Kuwana M, Denton CP, Khanna D, Del Galdo F. Type 1 interferon activation in systemic sclerosis: a biomarker, a target or the culprit. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2022; 34:357-364. [PMID: 36125916 PMCID: PMC9594133 DOI: 10.1097/bor.0000000000000907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Activation of the type 1 interferon (T1 IFN) pathway has been implicated in the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis (SSc) by an increasing number of studies, most of which share key findings with similar studies in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Here we will focus on the evidence for T1 IFN activation and dysregulation in SSc, and the rationale behind targeting the pathway going forward. RECENT FINDINGS An increased expression and activation of T1 IFN-regulated genes has been shown to be present in a significant proportion of SSc patients. TI IFN activation markers have been found to predict and correlate with response to immunosuppressive treatment as well as severity of organ involvement. As inhibition of the IFN-α receptor has been proven to be effective in active SLE, benefit may be seen in targeting the IFN pathway in SSc. SUMMARY The role played by T1 IFN and its regulatory genes in SSc is becoming increasingly evident and strikingly similar to the role observed in SLE. This observation, together with the benefit of type 1 IFN targeting in SLE, supports the notion of a potential therapeutic benefit in targeting T1 IFN in SSc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Kakkar
- Department of Rheumatology, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Shervin Assassi
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yannick Allanore
- INSERM U1016 UMR 8104, Université Paris Cité, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Masataka Kuwana
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Dinesh Khanna
- University of Michigan Scleroderma Program, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Francesco Del Galdo
- Department of Rheumatology, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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11
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Jeon D, McNeel DG. Toll-like receptor agonist combinations augment mouse T-cell anti-tumor immunity via IL-12- and interferon ß-mediated suppression of immune checkpoint receptor expression. Oncoimmunology 2022; 11:2054758. [PMID: 35340661 PMCID: PMC8942433 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2022.2054758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously found that activated CD8+ T-cells increase expression of PD-1, which can be attenuated in the presence of specific Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists, mediated by IL-12 secreted by professional antigen-presenting cells. While these CD8+ T-cells had greater anti-tumor activity, T-cells stimulated by different TLR had different gene expression profiles. Consequently, we sought to determine whether combinations of TLR agonists might further affect the expression of T-cell checkpoint receptors and improve T-cell anti-tumor immunity. Activation of CD8+ T-cells in the presence of specific TLR ligands resulted in decreased expression of PD-1, LAG-3, and CD160, notably with combinations of TLR1/2, TLR3, and TLR9 agonists. Immunization of E.G7-OVA or TRAMP-C1 tumor-bearing mice with peptide or DNA vaccines, co-administered with combination of TLR3 and TLR9 agonists, showed greater suppression of tumor growth. The anti-tumor effect of TLR1/2 and/or TLR9, but not TLR3, was abrogated in IL-12KO mice. RNA sequencing of TLR-conditioned CD8+ T-cells revealed IL-12 pathway activation, and type 1 IFN pathway activation following TLR3 stimulation. Our results provide a mechanistic rationale for the choice of optimal combinations of TLR ligands to use as adjuvants to improve the efficacy of anti-tumor vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghwan Jeon
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI, USA
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12
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Chandran A, Rosenheim J, Nageswaran G, Swadling L, Pollara G, Gupta RK, Burton AR, Guerra-Assunção JA, Woolston A, Ronel T, Pade C, Gibbons JM, Sanz-Magallon Duque De Estrada B, Robert de Massy M, Whelan M, Semper A, Brooks T, Altmann DM, Boyton RJ, McKnight Á, Captur G, Manisty C, Treibel TA, Moon JC, Tomlinson GS, Maini MK, Chain BM, Noursadeghi M. Rapid synchronous type 1 IFN and virus-specific T cell responses characterize first wave non-severe SARS-CoV-2 infections. Cell Rep Med 2022; 3:100557. [PMID: 35474751 PMCID: PMC8895494 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Effective control of SARS-CoV-2 infection on primary exposure may reveal correlates of protective immunity to future variants, but we lack insights into immune responses before or at the time virus is first detected. We use blood transcriptomics, multiparameter flow cytometry, and T cell receptor (TCR) sequencing spanning the time of incident non-severe infection in unvaccinated virus-naive individuals to identify rapid type 1 interferon (IFN) responses common to other acute respiratory viruses and cell proliferation responses that discriminate SARS-CoV-2 from other viruses. These peak by the time the virus is first detected and sometimes precede virus detection. Cell proliferation is most evident in CD8 T cells and associated with specific expansion of SARS-CoV-2-reactive TCRs, in contrast to virus-specific antibodies, which lag by 1-2 weeks. Our data support a protective role for early type 1 IFN and CD8 T cell responses, with implications for development of universal T cell vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneesh Chandran
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Joshua Rosenheim
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Gayathri Nageswaran
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Leo Swadling
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Gabriele Pollara
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Rishi K. Gupta
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Alice R. Burton
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | | | - Annemarie Woolston
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Tahel Ronel
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Corinna Pade
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Joseph M. Gibbons
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | | | - Marc Robert de Massy
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Matthew Whelan
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Amanda Semper
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JQ, UK
| | - Tim Brooks
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JQ, UK
| | - Daniel M. Altmann
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BX, UK
| | - Rosemary J. Boyton
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BX, UK
- Lung Division, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, Guy’s and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Áine McKnight
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Gabriella Captur
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Charlotte Manisty
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | | | - James C. Moon
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Gillian S. Tomlinson
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Mala K. Maini
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Benjamin M. Chain
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Mahdad Noursadeghi
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - COVIDsortium Investigators
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JQ, UK
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BX, UK
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BX, UK
- Lung Division, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, Guy’s and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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13
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D’Souza SS, Zhang Y, Bailey JT, Fung ITH, Kuentzel ML, Chittur SV, Yang Q. Type I Interferon signaling controls the accumulation and transcriptomes of monocytes in the aged lung. Aging Cell 2021; 20:e13470. [PMID: 34547174 PMCID: PMC8520712 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is paradoxically associated with a deteriorated immune defense (immunosenescence) and increased basal levels of tissue inflammation (inflammaging). The lung is particularly sensitive to the effects of aging. The immune cell mechanisms underlying physiological lung aging remain poorly understood. Here we reveal that aging leads to increased interferon signaling and elevated concentrations of chemokines in the lung, which is associated with infiltration of monocytes into the lung parenchyma. scRNA‐seq identified a novel Type‐1 interferon signaling dependent monocyte subset (MO‐ifn) that upregulated IFNAR1 expression and exhibited greater transcriptomal changes with aging than the other monocytes. Blockade of type‐1 interferon signaling by treatment with anti‐IFNAR1 neutralizing antibodies rapidly ablated MO‐ifn cells. Treatment with anti‐IFNAR1 antibodies also reduced airway chemokine concentrations and repressed the accumulation of the overall monocyte population in the parenchyma of the aged lung. Together, our work suggests that physiological aging is associated with increased basal level of airway monocyte infiltration and inflammation in part due to elevated type‐1 interferon signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanti S. D’Souza
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease Albany Medical College Albany NY USA
| | - Yuanyue Zhang
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease Albany Medical College Albany NY USA
| | - Jacob T. Bailey
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease Albany Medical College Albany NY USA
| | - Ivan T. H. Fung
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease Albany Medical College Albany NY USA
| | - Marcy L. Kuentzel
- Center for Functional Genomics University at Albany‐SUNY Rensselaer NY USA
| | - Sridar V. Chittur
- Center for Functional Genomics University at Albany‐SUNY Rensselaer NY USA
| | - Qi Yang
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease Albany Medical College Albany NY USA
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14
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Hafler D, Sumida T, Dulberg S, Schupp J, Stillwell H, Axisa PP, Comi M, Lincoln M, Unterman A, Kaminski N, Madi A, Kuchroo V. Type I Interferon Transcriptional Network Regulates Expression of Coinhibitory Receptors in Human T cells. Res Sq 2021:rs.3.rs-133494. [PMID: 34127967 PMCID: PMC8202434 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-133494/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
While inhibition of T cell co-inhibitory receptors has revolutionized cancer therapy, the mechanisms governing their expression on human T cells have not been elucidated. Type 1 interferon (IFN-I) modulates T cell immunity in viral infection, autoimmunity, and cancer, and may facilitate induction of T cell exhaustion in chronic viral infection. Here we show that IFN-I regulates co-inhibitory receptor expression on human T cells, inducing PD-1/TIM-3/LAG-3 while surprisingly inhibiting TIGIT expression. High-temporal-resolution mRNA profiling of IFN-I responses enabled the construction of dynamic transcriptional regulatory networks uncovering three temporal transcriptional waves. Perturbation of key transcription factors on human primary T cells revealed unique regulators that control expression of co-inhibitory receptors. We found that the dynamic IFN-I response in vitro closely mirrored T cell features with IFN-I linked acute SARS-CoV-2 infection in human, with high LAG3 and decreased TIGIT expression. Finally, our gene regulatory network identified SP140 as a key regulator for differential LAG3 and TIGIT expression, which were validated at the level of protein expression. The construction of IFN-I regulatory networks with identification of unique transcription factors controlling co-inhibitory receptor expression may provide targets for enhancement of immunotherapy in cancer, infectious diseases, and autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Michela Comi
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine; Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine
| | | | - Avraham Unterman
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine
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15
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Lai J, Jiang J, Zhang P, Xi C, Wu L, Gao X, Fu Y, Zhang D, Chen Y, Huang H, Zhu Y, Hu S. Impaired blood-brain barrier in the microbiota-gut-brain axis: Potential role of bipolar susceptibility gene TRANK1. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:6463-6469. [PMID: 34014031 PMCID: PMC8278099 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a common psychiatric illness with high prevalence and disease burden. Accumulating susceptibility genes for BD have been identified in recent years. However, the exact functions of these genes remain largely unknown. Despite its high heritability, gene and environment interaction is commonly accepted as the major contributing factor to BD pathogenesis. Intestine microbiota is increasingly recognized as a critical environmental factor for human health and diseases via the microbiota‐gut‐brain axis. BD individuals showed altered diversity and compositions in the commensal microbiota. In addition to pro‐inflammatory factors, such as interleukin‐6 and tumour necrosis factor‐α, type 1 interferon signalling pathway is also modulated by specific intestinal bacterial strains. Disruption of the microbiota‐gut‐brain axis contributes to peripheral and central nervous system inflammation, which accounts for the BD aetiology. Administration of type 1 interferon can induce the expression of TRANK1, which is associated with elevated circulating biomarkers of the impaired blood‐brain barrier in BD patients. In this review, we focus on the influence of intestine microbiota on the expression of bipolar gene TRANK1 and propose that intestine microbiota‐dependent type 1 interferon signalling is sufficient to induce the over‐expression of TRANK1, consequently causing the compromise of BBB integrity and facilitating the entrance of inflammatory mediators into the brain. Activated neuroinflammation eventually contributes to the occurrence and development of BD. This review provides a new perspective on how gut microbiota participate in the pathogenesis of BD. Future studies are needed to validate these assumptions and develop new treatment targets for BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo Lai
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,The Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder Management in Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,Brain Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Engineering Center for Mathematical Mental Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiajun Jiang
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peifen Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Caixi Xi
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lingling Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xingle Gao
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yaoyang Fu
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Danhua Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yiqing Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Yiyi Zhu
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shaohua Hu
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,The Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder Management in Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,Brain Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Engineering Center for Mathematical Mental Health, Hangzhou, China
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16
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Le Coupanec A, Desforges M, Kaufer B, Dubeau P, Côté M, Talbot PJ. Potential differences in cleavage of the S protein and type-1 interferon together control human coronavirus infection, propagation, and neuropathology within the central nervous system. J Virol 2021; 95:JVI. [PMID: 33627397 DOI: 10.1128/JVI.00140-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Human coronaviruses (HCoV) are respiratory pathogens which have been known since the 1960's. In December 2019, a new betacoronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, was reported and is responsible for one of the biggest pandemics of the last two centuries. Similar to the HCoV-OC43 strain, available evidence suggests SARS-CoV-2 neuroinvasion associated with potential neurological disorders. Coronavirus infection of the central nervous system (CNS) is largely controlled by a viral factor, the spike glycoprotein (S) and a host factor, innate immunity. However, the interaction between these two factors remains elusive. Proteolytic cleavage of the S protein can occur at the interface between receptor binding (S1) and fusion (S2) domains (S1/S2), as well as in a position adjacent to a fusion peptide within S2 (S2'). Herein, using HCoV-OC43 as a surrogate for SARS-CoV-2, we report that both S protein sites are involved in neurovirulence and are required for optimal CNS infection. Whereas efficient cleavage at S1/S2 is associated with decreased virulence, the potentially cleavable putative S2' site is essential for efficient viral infection. Furthermore, type 1 interferon (IFN 1)-related innate immunity also plays an important role in the control of viral spread towards the spinal cord, by preventing infection of ependymal cells. Our results underline the link between the differential S cleavage and IFN 1 in the prevention of viral spread, to control the severity of infection and pathology in both immunocompetent and immunodeficient mice. Taken together, these results point towards two potential therapeutic anti-viral targets: cleavage of the S protein in conjunction with efficient IFN 1-related innate immunity to prevent or at least reduce neuroinvasion, neural spread, and potential associated neurovirulence of human coronaviruses.ImportanceHuman coronaviruses (HCoV) are recognized respiratory pathogens. The emergence of the novel pathogenic member of this family in December 2019 (SARS-CoV-2, which causes COVID-19) poses a global health emergency. As with other coronaviruses reported previously, invasion of the human central nervous system (CNS), associated with diverse neurological disorders, was suggested for SARS-CoV-2. Herein, using the related HCoV-OC43 strain, we show that the viral spike protein constitutes a major neurovirulence factor and that type 1 interferon (IFN 1), in conjunction with cleavage of S protein by host proteases, represent important host factors that participate in the control of CNS infection.To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of a direct link between cleavage of the S protein, innate immunity and neurovirulence. Understanding mechanisms of viral infection and spread in neuronal cells is essential to better design therapeutic strategies, and to prevent infection by human coronaviruses such as SARS-CoV-2 in human CNS especially in the vulnerable populations such as the elderly and immune-compromised individuals.
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17
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Jagodinsky JC, Jin WJ, Bates AM, Hernandez R, Grudzinski JJ, Marsh IR, Chakravarty I, Arthur IS, Zangl LM, Brown RJ, Nystuen EJ, Emma SE, Kerr C, Carlson PM, Sriramaneni RN, Engle JW, Aluicio-Sarduy E, Barnhart TE, Le T, Kim K, Bednarz BP, Weichert JP, Patel RB, Morris ZS. Temporal analysis of type 1 interferon activation in tumor cells following external beam radiotherapy or targeted radionuclide therapy. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:6120-6137. [PMID: 33995649 PMCID: PMC8120207 DOI: 10.7150/thno.54881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Clinical interest in combining targeted radionuclide therapies (TRT) with immunotherapies is growing. External beam radiation therapy (EBRT) activates a type 1 interferon (IFN1) response mediated via stimulator of interferon genes (STING), and this is critical to its therapeutic interaction with immune checkpoint blockade. However, little is known about the time course of IFN1 activation after EBRT or whether this may be induced by decay of a TRT source. Methods: We examined the IFN1 response and expression of immune susceptibility markers in B78 and B16 melanomas and MOC2 head and neck cancer murine models using qPCR and western blot. For TRT, we used 90Y chelated to NM600, an alkylphosphocholine analog that exhibits selective uptake and retention in tumor cells including B78 and MOC2. Results: We observed significant IFN1 activation in all cell lines, with peak activation in B78, B16, and MOC2 cell lines occurring 7, 7, and 1 days, respectively, following RT for all doses. This effect was STING-dependent. Select IFN response genes remained upregulated at 14 days following RT. IFN1 activation following STING agonist treatment in vitro was identical to RT suggesting time course differences between cell lines were mediated by STING pathway kinetics and not DNA damage susceptibility. In vivo delivery of EBRT and TRT to B78 and MOC2 tumors resulted in a comparable time course and magnitude of IFN1 activation. In the MOC2 model, the combination of 90Y-NM600 and dual checkpoint blockade therapy reduced tumor growth and prolonged survival compared to single agent therapy and cumulative dose equivalent combination EBRT and dual checkpoint blockade therapy. Conclusions: We report the time course of the STING-dependent IFN1 response following radiation in multiple murine tumor models. We show the potential of TRT to stimulate IFN1 activation that is comparable to that observed with EBRT and this may be critical to the therapeutic integration of TRT with immunotherapies.
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18
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Winstone H, Lista MJ, Reid AC, Bouton C, Pickering S, Galao RP, Kerridge C, Doores KJ, Swanson CM, Neil SJD. The Polybasic Cleavage Site in SARS-CoV-2 Spike Modulates Viral Sensitivity to Type I Interferon and IFITM2. J Virol 2021; 95:e02422-20. [PMID: 33563656 PMCID: PMC8104117 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02422-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The cellular entry of severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronaviruses types 1 and 2 (SARS-CoV-1 and -2) requires sequential protease processing of the viral spike glycoprotein. The presence of a polybasic cleavage site in SARS-CoV-2 spike at the S1/S2 boundary has been suggested to be a factor in the increased transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2 compared to SARS-CoV-1 by facilitating maturation of the spike precursor by furin-like proteases in the producer cells rather than endosomal cathepsins in the target. We investigate the relevance of the polybasic cleavage site in the route of entry of SARS-CoV-2 and the consequences this has for sensitivity to interferons (IFNs) and, more specifically, the IFN-induced transmembrane (IFITM) protein family that inhibit entry of diverse enveloped viruses. We found that SARS-CoV-2 is restricted predominantly by IFITM2, rather than IFITM3, and the degree of this restriction is governed by route of viral entry. Importantly, removal of the cleavage site in the spike protein renders SARS-CoV-2 entry highly pH and cathepsin dependent in late endosomes, where, like SARS-CoV-1 spike, it is more sensitive to IFITM2 restriction. Furthermore, we found that potent inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 replication by type I but not type II IFNs is alleviated by targeted depletion of IFITM2 expression. We propose that the polybasic cleavage site allows SARS-CoV-2 to mediate viral entry in a pH-independent manner, in part to mitigate against IFITM-mediated restriction and promote replication and transmission. This suggests that therapeutic strategies that target furin-mediated cleavage of SARS-CoV-2 spike may reduce viral replication through the activity of type I IFNs.IMPORTANCE The furin cleavage site in the spike protein is a distinguishing feature of SARS-CoV-2 and has been proposed to be a determinant for the higher transmissibility between individuals, compared to SARS-CoV-1. One explanation for this is that it permits more efficient activation of fusion at or near the cell surface rather than requiring processing in the endosome of the target cell. Here, we show that SARS-CoV-2 is inhibited by antiviral membrane protein IFITM2 and that the sensitivity is exacerbated by deletion of the furin cleavage site, which restricts viral entry to low pH compartments. Furthermore, we find that IFITM2 is a significant effector of the antiviral activity of type I interferons against SARS-CoV-2 replication. We suggest that one role of the furin cleavage site is to reduce SARS-CoV-2 sensitivity to innate immune restriction, and thus, it may represent a potential therapeutic target for COVID-19 treatment development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Winstone
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Jose Lista
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alisha C Reid
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Clement Bouton
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Suzanne Pickering
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rui Pedro Galao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Kerridge
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Katie J Doores
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Chad M Swanson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart J D Neil
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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19
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Voyer TL, Gitiaux C, Authier FJ, Bodemer C, Melki I, Quartier P, Aeschlimann F, Isapof A, Herbeuval JP, Bondet V, Charuel JL, Frémond ML, Duffy D, Rodero MP, Bader-Meunier B. JAK inhibitors are effective in a subset of patients with juvenile dermatomyositis: a monocentric retrospective study. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2021; 60:5801-5808. [PMID: 33576769 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keab116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy and safety of JAK inhibitors (JAKi) in juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM). METHODS We conducted a single-center retrospective study of patients with JDM treated by JAKi with a follow-up of at least 6 months. Proportion of clinically inactive disease (CID) within six months of JAKi initiation was evaluated using PRINTO criteria and skin Disease Activity Score. Serum IFN-α concentration was measured by SIMOA assay. RESULTS Nine refractory and one new-onset patients with JDM treated with ruxolitinib (n = 7) or baricitinib (n = 3) were included. The main indications for treatment were refractory muscle involvement (n = 8) and ulcerative skin disease (n = 2). CID was achieved in 5/10 patients (2/2 anti-MDA5, 3/4 anti-NXP2, 0/3 anti-TIF1γ positive patients) within six months of JAKi introduction. All responders could withdraw plasmatic exchange, immunoadsorption and other immunosuppressive drugs. The mean daily steroid dose decreased from 1.1 mg/Kg (range 0.35-2 mg/Kg/d) to 0.1 (range, 0-0.3, p= 0.008) in patients achieving CID, and was stopped in two. Serum IFN-α concentrations were elevated in all patients at the time of treatment initiation and normalized in both responder and non-responder. A muscle biopsy repeated in one patient 26 months after the initiation of JAKi, showed a complete restoration of muscle endomysial microvascular bed. Herpes zoster and skin abscesses developed in three and two patients, respectively. CONCLUSION JAKis resulted in a CID in a subset of new-onset or refractory patients with JDM and may dramatically reverse severe muscle vasculopathy. Overall tolerance was good except for a high rate of herpes zoster infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Le Voyer
- Department of Paediatric Hematology-Immunology and Rheumatology, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France, Reference center for Rheumatic, AutoImmune and Systemic diseases in children (RAISE), Paris, France.,Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Imagine Institute, Paris University, Paris, France
| | - Cyril Gitiaux
- Reference Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, AP-HP,. Paris, France.,Department of Paediatric Neurophysiology, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, AP-HP, Paris University, Paris, France
| | - François-Jérôme Authier
- INSERM U955-Team Relaix, Faculty of Medicine, University of Paris-Est Creteil, Creteil, France.,Department of Pathology, Reference Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Henri Mondor University Hospitals, AP-HP, Créteil, France
| | - Christine Bodemer
- Department of Pediatric Dermatology and Dermatology, National Reference Centre for Genodermatosis and Rare Diseases of the Skin (MAGEC), Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Melki
- Department of Paediatric Hematology-Immunology and Rheumatology, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France, Reference center for Rheumatic, AutoImmune and Systemic diseases in children (RAISE), Paris, France.,Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Neuroinflammation, Imagine Institute, Paris University, Paris, France.,General Paediatrics, Department of Infectious Disease and Internal Medicine, Reference centre for Rheumatic, AutoImmune and Systemic diseases in children(RAISE), Robert Debré, Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Quartier
- Department of Paediatric Hematology-Immunology and Rheumatology, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France, Reference center for Rheumatic, AutoImmune and Systemic diseases in children (RAISE), Paris, France.,Laboratory of Immunogenetics of Paediatric Autoimmunity, Imagine Institute, Inserm U 1163, Paris University, Paris, France Paris, France
| | - Florence Aeschlimann
- Department of Paediatric Hematology-Immunology and Rheumatology, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France, Reference center for Rheumatic, AutoImmune and Systemic diseases in children (RAISE), Paris, France.,Laboratory of Immunogenetics of Paediatric Autoimmunity, Imagine Institute, Inserm U 1163, Paris University, Paris, France Paris, France
| | - Arnaud Isapof
- Departement of Paediatric Neurology, Reference Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Armand Trousseau Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Jean Philippe Herbeuval
- Chimie & Biologie, Modélisation et Immunologie pour la Thérapie (CBMIT), Université Paris Descartes, CNRS, UMR8601, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Bondet
- Translational Immunology Lab, Institut, Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Luc Charuel
- Laboratory of Immunology, La Pitié Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Louise Frémond
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Neuroinflammation, Imagine Institute, Paris University, Paris, France
| | - Darragh Duffy
- Translational Immunology Lab, Institut, Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Mathieu P Rodero
- Chimie & Biologie, Modélisation et Immunologie pour la Thérapie (CBMIT), Université Paris Descartes, CNRS, UMR8601, Paris, France
| | - Brigitte Bader-Meunier
- Department of Paediatric Hematology-Immunology and Rheumatology, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France, Reference center for Rheumatic, AutoImmune and Systemic diseases in children (RAISE), Paris, France.,Laboratory of Immunogenetics of Paediatric Autoimmunity, Imagine Institute, Inserm U 1163, Paris University, Paris, France Paris, France
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20
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Matsunaga M, Kita T, Yamamoto R, Yamamoto N, Okano T, Omori K, Sakamoto S, Nakagawa T. Initiation of Supporting Cell Activation for Hair Cell Regeneration in the Avian Auditory Epithelium: An Explant Culture Model. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:583994. [PMID: 33281558 PMCID: PMC7688741 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.583994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Sensorineural hearing loss is a common disability often caused by the loss of sensory hair cells in the cochlea. Hair cell (HCs) regeneration has long been the main target for the development of novel therapeutics for sensorineural hearing loss. In the mammalian cochlea, hair cell regeneration is limited, but the auditory epithelia of non-mammalian organisms retain the capacity for hair cell regeneration. In the avian basilar papilla (BP), supporting cells (SCs), which give rise to regenerated hair cells, are usually quiescent. Hair cell loss induces both direct transdifferentiation and mitotic division of supporting cells. Here, we established an explant culture model for hair cell regeneration in chick basilar papillae and validated it for investigating the initial phase of hair cell regeneration. The histological assessment demonstrated hair cell regeneration via direct transdifferentiation of supporting cells. Labeling with 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine (EdU) revealed the occurrence of mitotic division in the supporting cells at specific locations in the basilar papillae, while no EdU labeling was observed in newly generated hair cells. RNA sequencing indicated alterations in known signaling pathways associated with hair cell regeneration, consistent with previous findings. Also, unbiased analyses of RNA sequencing data revealed novel genes and signaling pathways that may be related to the induction of supporting cell activation in the chick basilar papillae. These results indicate the advantages of our explant culture model of the chick basilar papillae for exploring the molecular mechanisms of hair cell regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mami Matsunaga
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomoko Kita
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Yamamoto
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Norio Yamamoto
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takayuki Okano
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Koichi Omori
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Takayuki Nakagawa
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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21
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Akhade AS, Atif SM, Lakshmi BS, Dikshit N, Hughes KT, Qadri A, Subramanian N. Type 1 interferon-dependent repression of NLRC4 and iPLA2 licenses down-regulation of Salmonella flagellin inside macrophages. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:29811-22. [PMID: 33177235 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2002747117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammasomes have been implicated in the detection and clearance of a variety of bacterial pathogens, but little is known about whether this innate sensing mechanism has any regulatory effect on the expression of stimulatory ligands by the pathogen. During infection with Salmonella and many other pathogens, flagellin is a major activator of NLRC4 inflammasome-mediated macrophage pyroptosis and pathogen eradication. Salmonella switches to a flagellin-low phenotype as infection progresses to avoid this mechanism of clearance by the host. However, the host cues that Salmonella perceives to undergo this switch remain unclear. Here, we report an unexpected role of the NLRC4 inflammasome in promoting expression of its microbial ligand, flagellin, and identify a role for type 1 IFN signaling in switching of Salmonella to a flagellin-low phenotype. Early in infection, activation of NLRC4 by flagellin initiates pyroptosis and concomitant release of lysophospholipids which in turn enhance expression of flagellin by Salmonella thereby amplifying its ability to elicit cell death. TRIF-dependent production of type 1 IFN, however, later represses NLRC4 and the lysophospholipid biosynthetic enzyme iPLA2, causing a decline in intracellular lysophospholipids that results in down-regulation of flagellin expression by Salmonella These findings reveal a previously unrecognized immune-modulating regulatory cross-talk between endosomal TLR signaling and cytosolic NLR activation with significant implications for the establishment of infection with Salmonella.
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22
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Stuckrad SLV, Klotsche J, Biesen R, Lieber M, Thumfart J, Meisel C, Unterwalder N, Kallinich T. SIGLEC1 (CD169) is a sensitive biomarker for the deterioration of the clinical course in childhood systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 2020; 29:1914-1925. [PMID: 33081587 PMCID: PMC7684796 DOI: 10.1177/0961203320965699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Background To analyse the validity of membrane-bound SIGLEC1 (CD169) as a sensitive biomarker for monitoring disease activity in pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods 27 children and adolescents with SLE were followed for a mean of 13.5 months. During consecutive routine visits SLEDAI-2k, C3, C4 and ds-DNA values were determined. Additionally, expression of SIGLEC1 on monocytes was determined by flow cytometry. The amount of PE-labelled CD169 mAb bound per monocyte was analyzed using QuantiBRITE™ PE tubes. Associations between biomarkers and the clinical course were investigated by regression analysis. Results In general, SIGLEC1 expression is high on SLE-derived monocytes (mean 6 359 (SD 6 056) molecules/monocyte, cut-off 2 500 molecules/monocyte), all patients with newly diagnosed SLE exhibit elevated expression (mean 13366 (SD 7 750) molecules/monocyte). Changes (Δ) in SIGLEC1 levels during the clinical course is the only biomarker that significantly correlates with the change in SLEDAI-2k (betaST = 0.28, p = 0.001). At follow-up visit, a clinically important worsening was experienced by 47.6% of patients with a Δ SIGLEC1 > 2 151 molecules/cell (OR 5.31) and 72.4% with a Δ SIGLEC1 > 756 molecules/cell (OR 8.90). Conversely, 36.4% of patients with a Δ SIGLEC1 < -2 818 molecules/cell (OR 4.16, percentiles as cut-off criteria) and 50.0% of patients with a Δ SIGLEC1 < -1 370 molecules/cell (OR 3.55, application of Youden index) showed clinical improvement. SIGLEC1 expression correlates inversely with the amount of therapeutically applied hydroxychloroquine (p < 0.001). Conclusions SIGLEC1 expression on monocytes is a sensitive biomarker for adjusting disease activity in childhood SLE and represents a promising and easily applicable tool for disease monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sae Lim von Stuckrad
- Pediatric Pneumology, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine and SPZ (Center for Chronically Sick Children), Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens Klotsche
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin, a Leibniz Institute (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Biesen
- Department of Rheumatology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mareike Lieber
- Pediatric Pneumology, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine and SPZ (Center for Chronically Sick Children), Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julia Thumfart
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, Nephrology and Metabolic Diseases, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Meisel
- Immunology Department, LaborBerlin - Charité Vivantes GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nadine Unterwalder
- Immunology Department, LaborBerlin - Charité Vivantes GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tilmann Kallinich
- Pediatric Pneumology, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine and SPZ (Center for Chronically Sick Children), Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin, a Leibniz Institute (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
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23
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Sasaki E, Asanuma H, Momose H, Furuhata K, Mizukami T, Hamaguchi I. Immunogenicity and Toxicity of Different Adjuvants Can Be Characterized by Profiling Lung Biomarker Genes After Nasal Immunization. Front Immunol 2020; 11:2171. [PMID: 33013912 PMCID: PMC7516075 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficacy of vaccine adjuvants depends on their ability to appropriately enhance the immunogenicity of vaccine antigens, which is often insufficient in non-adjuvanted vaccines. Genomic analyses of immune responses elicited by vaccine adjuvants provide information that is critical for the rational design of adjuvant vaccination strategies. In this study, biomarker genes from the genomic analyses of lungs after priming were used to predict the efficacy and toxicity of vaccine adjuvants. Based on the results, it was verified whether the efficacy and toxicity of the tested adjuvants could be predicted based on the biomarker gene profiles after priming. Various commercially available adjuvants were assessed by combining them with the split influenza vaccine and were subsequently administered in mice through nasal inoculation. The expression levels of lung biomarker genes within 24 h after priming were analyzed. Furthermore, we analyzed the antibody titer, cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) induction, IgG1/IgG2a ratio, leukopenic toxicity, and cytotoxicity in mice vaccinated at similar doses. The association between the phenotypes and the changes in the expression levels of biomarker genes were analyzed. The ability of the adjuvants to induce the production of antigen-specific IgA could be assessed based on the levels of Timp1 expression. Furthermore, the expression of this gene partially correlated with the levels of other damage-associated molecular patterns in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Additionally, the changes in the expression of proteasome- and transporter-related genes involved in major histocompatibility complex class 1 antigen presentation could be monitored to effectively assess the expansion of CTL by adjuvants. The monitoring of certain genes is necessary for the assessment of leukopenic toxicity and cytotoxicity of the tested adjuvant. These results indicate that the efficacy and toxicity of various adjuvants can be characterized by profiling lung biomarker genes after the first instance of immunization. This approach could make a significant contribution to the development of optimal selection and exploratory screening strategies for novel adjuvants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eita Sasaki
- Department of Safety Research on Blood and Biological Products, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideki Asanuma
- Influenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruka Momose
- Department of Safety Research on Blood and Biological Products, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiko Furuhata
- Department of Safety Research on Blood and Biological Products, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuo Mizukami
- Department of Safety Research on Blood and Biological Products, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Isao Hamaguchi
- Department of Safety Research on Blood and Biological Products, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
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24
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Ganguly P, Burska AN, Davis CL, El-Jawhari JJ, Giannoudis PV, Jones EA. Intrinsic Type 1 Interferon (IFN1) Profile of Uncultured Human Bone Marrow CD45 lowCD271 + Multipotential Stromal Cells (BM-MSCs): The Impact of Donor Age, Culture Expansion and IFNα and IFNβ Stimulation. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8070214. [PMID: 32679782 PMCID: PMC7399891 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8070214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal aging is associated with reduced proliferative potential of bone marrow (BM) multipotential stromal cells (MSCs). Recent data suggest the involvement of type 1 interferon (IFN1) signalling in hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) senescence. Considering that BM-HSCs and BM-MSCs share the same BM niche, we investigated IFN1 expression profile in human BM-MSCs in relation to donor age, culture-expansion and IFN1 (α and β) stimulation. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting was used to purify uncultured BM-MSCs from younger (19-41, n = 6) and older (59-89, n = 6) donors based on the CD45lowCD271+ phenotype, and hematopoietic-lineage cells (BM-HLCs, CD45+CD271-) were used as controls. Gene expression was analysed using integrated circuits arrays in sorted fractions as well as cultured/stimulated BM-MSCs and Y201/Y202 immortalised cell lines. IFN1 stimulation led to BM-MSC growth arrest and upregulation of many IFN1-stimulated genes (ISGs), with IFNβ demonstrating stronger effects. Uncultured MSCs were characterised by a moderate-level ISG expression similar to Y201 cells. Age-related changes in ISG expression were negligible in BM-MSCs compared to BM-HLCs, and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in BM-MSCs did not significantly correlate with donor age. Antiaging genes Klotho and SIRT6 correlated with more ISGs in BM-MSCs than in BM-HLCs. In patients with osteoarthritis (OA), BM-MSCs expressed considerably lower levels of several ISGs, indicating that their IFN1 signature is affected in a pathological condition. In summary, BM-MSCs possess homeostatic IFN1 gene expression signature in health, which is sensitive to in vitro culture and external IFN1 stimulation. IFN signalling may facilitate in vivo BM-MSC responses to DNA damage and combating senescence and aberrant immune activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payal Ganguly
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK; (P.G.); (A.N.B.); (C.L.M.D.); (P.V.G.)
| | - Agata N. Burska
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK; (P.G.); (A.N.B.); (C.L.M.D.); (P.V.G.)
- Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Centre, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds LS7 4SA, UK
| | - Charlotte L.M. Davis
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK; (P.G.); (A.N.B.); (C.L.M.D.); (P.V.G.)
| | - Jehan J. El-Jawhari
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NF, UK;
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Peter V. Giannoudis
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK; (P.G.); (A.N.B.); (C.L.M.D.); (P.V.G.)
- Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Centre, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds LS7 4SA, UK
| | - Elena A. Jones
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK; (P.G.); (A.N.B.); (C.L.M.D.); (P.V.G.)
- Correspondence:
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25
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Fierros-Zárate G, Olvera C, Salazar-Guerrero G, Morales-Ortega A, Reyna F, Hernández-Márquez E, Guzmán-Olea E, Burguete-García AI, Madrid-Marina V, Peralta-Zaragoza O, Chávez-Castillo M, Bermúdez-Morales VH. Bovine Interferon-Tau Activates Type I interferon-Associated Janus-signal Transducer in HPV16-positive Tumor Cell. J Cancer 2020; 11:4754-4761. [PMID: 32626522 PMCID: PMC7330701 DOI: 10.7150/jca.33527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms of signal transduction by interferon-tau (IFN-τ) are widely known during the gestation of ruminants. In trophoblast cells, IFN-τ involves the activation of the JAK-STAT pathway, and it can have effects on other cell types, such as tumor cells. Here we report that the HPV16-positive BMK-16/myc cell treated with ovine IFN-τ, results in the activation of the canonical JAK-STAT and non-canonical JAK-STAT pathway. The MAPK signaling pathway was activated, we detected the proteins MEK1, MEK2, Raf1, STAT3, STA4, STAT5 and STAT6. Moreover, IFN-τ induced the expression of MHC Class I, MX and IP10 in the tumor cells and this response may be associated with the viral replication and with the anti-proliferative and the immunoregulatory effects of IFN-τ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geny Fierros-Zárate
- Centro de Investigación sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca Morelos, México
| | - Clarita Olvera
- Departamento de Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca Morelos, México
| | - Gustavo Salazar-Guerrero
- Centro de Investigación sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca Morelos, México
| | - Ausencio Morales-Ortega
- Centro de Investigación sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca Morelos, México
| | - Fernando Reyna
- Centro de Investigación sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca Morelos, México
| | - Eva Hernández-Márquez
- Centro de Investigación sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca Morelos, México
| | - Eduardo Guzmán-Olea
- Centro de Investigación sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca Morelos, México
- Catedrático Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT). Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud (ICSA), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo (UAEH), México
| | - Ana I. Burguete-García
- Centro de Investigación sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca Morelos, México
| | - Vicente Madrid-Marina
- Centro de Investigación sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca Morelos, México
| | - Oscar Peralta-Zaragoza
- Centro de Investigación sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca Morelos, México
| | - Marilú Chávez-Castillo
- Centro de Investigación sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca Morelos, México
- Universidad Tecnológica Emiliano Zapata de Morelos, UTEZ
| | - Víctor Hugo Bermúdez-Morales
- Centro de Investigación sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca Morelos, México
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26
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Velazquez-Salinas L, Pauszek SJ, Holinka LG, Gladue DP, Rekant SI, Bishop EA, Stenfeldt C, Verdugo-Rodriguez A, Borca MV, Arzt J, Rodriguez LL. A Single Amino Acid Substitution in the Matrix Protein (M51R) of Vesicular Stomatitis New Jersey Virus Impairs Replication in Cultured Porcine Macrophages and Results in Significant Attenuation in Pigs. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1123. [PMID: 32587580 PMCID: PMC7299242 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we explore the virulence of vesicular stomatitis New Jersey virus (VSNJV) in pigs and its potential relationship with the virus’s ability to modulate innate responses. For this purpose, we developed a mutant of the highly virulent strain NJ0612NME6, containing a single amino acid substitution in the matrix protein (M51R). The M51R mutant of NJ0612NME6 was unable to suppress the transcription of genes associated with the innate immune response both in primary fetal porcine kidney cells and porcine primary macrophage cultures. Impaired viral growth was observed only in porcine macrophage cultures, indicating that the M51 residue is required for efficient replication of VSNJV in these cells. Furthermore, when inoculated in pigs by intradermal scarification of the snout, M51R infection was characterized by decreased clinical signs including reduced fever and development of less and smaller secondary vesicular lesions. Pigs infected with M51R had decreased levels of viral shedding and absence of RNAemia compared to the parental virus. The ability of the mutant virus to infect pigs by direct contact remained intact, indicating that the M51R mutation resulted in a partially attenuated phenotype capable of causing primary lesions and transmitting to sentinel pigs. Collectively, our results show a positive correlation between the ability of VSNJV to counteract the innate immune response in swine macrophage cultures and the level of virulence in pigs, a natural host of this virus. More studies are encouraged to evaluate the interaction of VSNJV with macrophages and other components of the immune response in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauro Velazquez-Salinas
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, USDA/ARS Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Greenport, NY, United States.,College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico.,PIADC Research Participation Program, Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Steven J Pauszek
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, USDA/ARS Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Greenport, NY, United States
| | - Lauren G Holinka
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, USDA/ARS Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Greenport, NY, United States
| | - Douglas P Gladue
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, USDA/ARS Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Greenport, NY, United States
| | - Steven I Rekant
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, USDA/ARS Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Greenport, NY, United States.,PIADC Research Participation Program, Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Elizabeth A Bishop
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, USDA/ARS Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Greenport, NY, United States
| | - Carolina Stenfeldt
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, USDA/ARS Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Greenport, NY, United States.,Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States
| | - Antonio Verdugo-Rodriguez
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Manuel V Borca
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, USDA/ARS Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Greenport, NY, United States
| | - Jonathan Arzt
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, USDA/ARS Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Greenport, NY, United States
| | - Luis L Rodriguez
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, USDA/ARS Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Greenport, NY, United States
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27
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Bosteels C, Neyt K, Vanheerswynghels M, van Helden MJ, Sichien D, Debeuf N, De Prijck S, Bosteels V, Vandamme N, Martens L, Saeys Y, Louagie E, Lesage M, Williams DL, Tang SC, Mayer JU, Ronchese F, Scott CL, Hammad H, Guilliams M, Lambrecht BN. Inflammatory Type 2 cDCs Acquire Features of cDC1s and Macrophages to Orchestrate Immunity to Respiratory Virus Infection. Immunity 2020; 52:1039-1056.e9. [PMID: 32392463 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2020.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The phenotypic and functional dichotomy between IRF8+ type 1 and IRF4+ type 2 conventional dendritic cells (cDC1s and cDC2s, respectively) is well accepted; it is unknown how robust this dichotomy is under inflammatory conditions, when additionally monocyte-derived cells (MCs) become competent antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Using single-cell technologies in models of respiratory viral infection, we found that lung cDC2s acquired expression of the Fc receptor CD64 shared with MCs and of IRF8 shared with cDC1s. These inflammatory cDC2s (inf-cDC2s) were superior in inducing CD4+ T helper (Th) cell polarization while simultaneously presenting antigen to CD8+ T cells. When carefully separated from inf-cDC2s, MCs lacked APC function. Inf-cDC2s matured in response to cell-intrinsic Toll-like receptor and type 1 interferon receptor signaling, upregulated an IRF8-dependent maturation module, and acquired antigens via convalescent serum and Fc receptors. Because hybrid inf-cDC2s are easily confused with monocyte-derived cells, their existence could explain why APC functions have been attributed to MCs. Type I interferon drives differentiation of inf-cDC2s that closely resemble MCs Inf-cDC2s prime CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, whereas MCs lack APC function Inf-cDC2s internalize antibody-complexed antigen via Fc receptors IRF8 controls maturation gene module in inf-cDC2s
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Du S, Chen G, Yuan B, Hu Y, Yang P, Chen Y, Zhao Q, Zhou J, Fan J, Zeng Z. DNA sensing and associated type 1 interferon signaling contributes to progression of radiation-induced liver injury. Cell Mol Immunol 2020; 18:1718-1728. [PMID: 32203191 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-020-0395-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver damage upon exposure to ionizing radiation (IR), whether accidental or therapeutic, can contribute to liver dysfunction. Currently, radiotherapy (RT) is used for various cancers including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); however, the treatment dose is limited by radiation-induced liver disease (RILD) with a high mortality rate. Furthermore, the precise molecular mechanisms of RILD remain poorly understood. Here, we investigated RILD pathogenesis using various knockout mouse strains subjected to whole-liver irradiation. We found that hepatocytes released a large quantity of double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) after irradiation. The cGAS-STING pathway in non-parenchymal cells (NPCs) was promptly activated by this dsDNA, causing interferon (IFN)-I production and release and concomitant hepatocyte damage. Genetic and pharmacological ablation of the IFN-I signaling pathway protected against RILD. Moreover, clinically irradiated human peri-HCC liver tissues exhibited substantially higher STING and IFNβ expression than non-irradiated tissues. Increased serum IFNβ concentrations post-radiation were associated with RILD development in patients. These results delineate cGAS-STING induced type 1 interferon release in NPCs as a key mediator of IR-induced liver damage and described a mechanism of innate-immunity-driven pathology, linking cGAS-STING activation with amplification of initial radiation-induced liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shisuo Du
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Genwen Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Baoying Yuan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yong Hu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ping Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yixing Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qianqian Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Liver Surgery Department, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jia Fan
- Liver Surgery Department, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhaochong Zeng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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29
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Aref S, Castleton AZ, Bailey K, Burt R, Dey A, Leongamornlert D, Mitchell RJ, Okasha D, Fielding AK. Type 1 Interferon Responses Underlie Tumor-Selective Replication of Oncolytic Measles Virus. Mol Ther 2020; 28:1043-1055. [PMID: 32087150 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2020.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism of tumor-selective replication of oncolytic measles virus (MV) is poorly understood. Using a stepwise model of cellular transformation, in which oncogenic hits were additively expressed in human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells, we show that MV-induced oncolysis increased progressively with transformation. The type 1 interferon (IFN) response to MV infection was significantly reduced and delayed, in accordance with the level of transformation. Consistently, we observed delayed and reduced signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT1) phosphorylation in the fully transformed cells. Pre-treatment with IFNβ restored resistance to MV-mediated oncolysis. Gene expression profiling to identify the genetic correlates of susceptibility to MV oncolysis revealed a dampened basal level of immune-related genes in the fully transformed cells compared to their normal counterparts. IFN-induced transmembrane protein 1 (IFITM1) was the foremost basally downregulated immune gene. Stable IFITM1 overexpression in MV-susceptible cells resulted in a 50% increase in cell viability and a significant reduction in viral replication at 24 h after MV infection. Overall, our data indicate that the basal reduction in functions of the type 1 IFN pathway is a major contributor to the oncolytic selectivity of MV. In particular, we have identified IFITM1 as a restriction factor for oncolytic MV, acting at early stages of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Aref
- UCL Cancer Institute, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | | | | | | | - Aditi Dey
- UCL Cancer Institute, London WC1E 6DD, UK
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Rasmussen NS, Nielsen CT, Jacobsen S, Nielsen CH. Stimulation of Mononuclear Cells Through Toll-Like Receptor 9 Induces Release of Microvesicles Expressing Double-Stranded DNA and Galectin 3-Binding Protein in an Interferon-α-Dependent Manner. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2391. [PMID: 31681284 PMCID: PMC6797593 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Microvesicles (MVs) expressing the type 1 interferon (IFN)-inducible protein galectin-3 binding protein (G3BP) may play a pathogenic role in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Co-expression of double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) on such MVs may render them immunogenic and targets for anti-dsDNA antibodies. Little is known about the mechanisms underlying generation of this MV population. In this study, we investigated how Toll-like receptors (TLRs), IFN-α, and T cells are involved in this process in healthy subjects. Methods: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) isolated from 12 healthy donors were stimulated in-vitro for 24 h with a series of TLR-agonists or the T cell activating antibody OKT3 or were subjected to apoptosis by incubation with staurosporine. MVs in the supernatants were subsequently isolated by differential centrifugation and were quantified and characterized with respect to expression of G3BP and dsDNA by flow cytometry. Results: Stimulation of PBMCs with the TLR9-agonist and strong IFN-α inducer ODN2395 significantly increased the release of MVs expressing G3BP. The production of MVs with this phenotype was markedly enhanced by co-stimulation of T cells. Furthermore, dependency on IFN-α in the generation of G3BP-expressing MVs was indicated by a marked reduction following addition of the IFN-α inhibitor IFN alpha-IFNAR-IN-1 hydrochloride. Conclusion: Release of G3BP-expressing MVs from healthy donor PBMCs is induced by stimulation of TLR9 in an IFN-α-dependent manner and is enhanced by co-stimulation of T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niclas Stefan Rasmussen
- Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Institute for Inflammation Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Copenhagen Lupus and Vasculitis Clinic, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christoffer Tandrup Nielsen
- Copenhagen Lupus and Vasculitis Clinic, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Søren Jacobsen
- Copenhagen Lupus and Vasculitis Clinic, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Claus Henrik Nielsen
- Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Institute for Inflammation Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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31
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Uruha A, Allenbach Y, Charuel JL, Musset L, Aussy A, Boyer O, Mariampillai K, Landon-Cardinal O, Rasmussen C, Bolko L, Maisonobe T, Leonard-Louis S, Suzuki S, Nishino I, Stenzel W, Benveniste O. Diagnostic potential of sarcoplasmic myxovirus resistance protein A expression in subsets of dermatomyositis. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2019; 45:513-522. [PMID: 30267437 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To elucidate the diagnostic value of sarcoplasmic expression of myxovirus resistance protein A (MxA) for dermatomyositis (DM) specifically analysing different DM subforms, and to test the superiority of MxA to other markers. METHODS Immunohistochemistry for MxA and retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) was performed on skeletal muscle samples and compared with the item presence of perifascicular atrophy (PFA) in 57 DM patients with anti-Mi-2 (n = 6), -transcription intermediary factor 1 gamma (n = 10), -nuclear matrix protein 2 (n = 13), -melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5) (n = 10) or -small ubiquitin-like modifier activating enzyme (n = 1) autoantibodies and with no detectable autoantibody (n = 17). Among the patients, nine suffered from cancer and 22 were juvenile-onset type. Disease controls included antisynthetase syndrome (ASS)-associated myositis (n = 30), immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy (n = 9) and inclusion body myositis (n = 5). RESULTS Sarcoplasmic MxA expression featured 77% sensitivity and 100% specificity for overall DM patients, while RIG-I staining and PFA reached respectively 14% and 59% sensitivity and 100% and 86% specificity. In any subset of DM, sarcoplasmic MxA expression showed higher sensitivity than RIG-I and PFA. Some anti-MDA5 antibody-positive DM samples distinctively showed a scattered staining pattern of MxA. No ASS samples had sarcoplasmic MxA expression even though six patients had DM skin rash. CONCLUSIONS Sarcoplasmic MxA expression is more sensitive than PFA and RIG-I expression for a pathological diagnosis of DM, regardless of the autoantibody-related subgroup. In light of its high sensitivity and specificity, it may be considered a pathological hallmark of DM per se. Also, lack of MxA expression in ASS supports the idea that ASS is a distinct entity from DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Uruha
- Mixed Research Unit (UMR) 974, Center of Research in Myology, Institute of Myology, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Paris-Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Y Allenbach
- UMR974, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Public Assistance-Hospitals of Paris (APHP), Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Paris-Sorbonne University, Paris, France
- Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department (DHU I2B), and Reference Center for Neuromuscular Pathologies, Institute of Myology, Paris, France
| | - J-L Charuel
- Immunochemistry & Autoimmunity Laboratory, Department of Immunology, APHP, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - L Musset
- Immunochemistry & Autoimmunity Laboratory, Department of Immunology, APHP, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - A Aussy
- Department of Immunology, Rouen University Hospital, INSERM, Rouen Normandie University, Rouen, France
| | - O Boyer
- Department of Immunology, Rouen University Hospital, INSERM, Rouen Normandie University, Rouen, France
| | - K Mariampillai
- UMR974, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Public Assistance-Hospitals of Paris (APHP), Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Paris-Sorbonne University, Paris, France
- Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department (DHU I2B), and Reference Center for Neuromuscular Pathologies, Institute of Myology, Paris, France
| | - O Landon-Cardinal
- UMR974, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Public Assistance-Hospitals of Paris (APHP), Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Paris-Sorbonne University, Paris, France
- Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department (DHU I2B), and Reference Center for Neuromuscular Pathologies, Institute of Myology, Paris, France
| | - C Rasmussen
- UMR974, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Public Assistance-Hospitals of Paris (APHP), Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Paris-Sorbonne University, Paris, France
- Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department (DHU I2B), and Reference Center for Neuromuscular Pathologies, Institute of Myology, Paris, France
| | - L Bolko
- UMR974, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Public Assistance-Hospitals of Paris (APHP), Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Paris-Sorbonne University, Paris, France
- Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department (DHU I2B), and Reference Center for Neuromuscular Pathologies, Institute of Myology, Paris, France
| | - T Maisonobe
- Reference Center for Neuromuscular Pathologies, Institute of Myology, APHP, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - S Leonard-Louis
- Reference Center for Neuromuscular Pathologies, Institute of Myology, APHP, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - S Suzuki
- Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - I Nishino
- Department of Neuromuscular Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Genome Medicine Development, Medical Genome Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - W Stenzel
- Department of Neuropathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - O Benveniste
- UMR974, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Public Assistance-Hospitals of Paris (APHP), Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Paris-Sorbonne University, Paris, France
- Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department (DHU I2B), and Reference Center for Neuromuscular Pathologies, Institute of Myology, Paris, France
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Abstract
HIV-1 remains a chronic viral infection of global health importance. Although HIV-1 replication can be controlled by antiretroviral therapy (ART), there is no cure due to persistence of a long-lived latent reservoir. In addition, people living with HIV-1 who are taking ART still bear signatures of persistent immune activation that include continued type 1 interferon (IFN) signaling. Paradoxically, type 1 IFN exerts a limited role on the control of chronic HIV-1. Indeed, recent reports from humanized mice suggest that type 1 IFN may partly maintain the latent reservoir. In this review, we discuss the molecular interactions between HIV-1 and the type 1 IFN signaling pathway, and examine the efficacy of type 1 IFNs in vivo. We also explore whether limited type 1 IFN manipulation may have a therapeutic role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Sugawara
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - David L. Thomas
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ashwin Balagopal
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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33
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Porat A, Giat E, Kowal C, He M, Son M, Latz E, Ben-Zvi I, Al-Abed Y, Diamond B. DNA-Mediated Interferon Signature Induction by SLE Serum Occurs in Monocytes Through Two Pathways: A Mechanism to Inhibit Both Pathways. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2824. [PMID: 30619247 PMCID: PMC6297782 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A primary mechanism for activation of innate immunity is recognition of damage or pathogen associated molecular patterns by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Nucleic acid is a damage associated molecular pattern molecule that when internalized into a monocyte and recognized by intracellular nucleic acid sensing toll like receptors will cause production of type 1 interferon. The process by which DNA or RNA is delivered into the cytosol of monocytes in systemic lupus erythematosus remains incompletely understood, and therapeutic approaches to prevent DNA-mediated monocyte activation are needed. We identified two mechanisms for internalization of DNA by monocytes. IgG-bound DNA was internalized by interacting with Fc gamma receptor IIa, while high-mobility group box-1 protein-bound DNA was internalized by interacting with the receptor for advanced glycation end products. Both pathways contribute to an inflammatory phenotype in monocytes exposed to serum from patients with SLE. Moreover, both of these pathways can be inhibited by a pentapeptide, DWEYS, which is a DNA mimetope. In one instance DWEYS directly competes with DNA for antibody binding and in the other DWEYS binds high-mobility group box-1 and blocks its interaction with RAGE. Our data highlight distinct pathways involved in nucleic acid enters monocytes in SLE, and identify a potential therapeutic to prevent nucleic acid internalization in SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Porat
- Elmezzi Graduate School for Molecular Medicine, Manhasset, NY, United States.,Center for Autoimmune Musculoskeletal and Hematopoietic Diseases, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Eitan Giat
- Elmezzi Graduate School for Molecular Medicine, Manhasset, NY, United States.,Center for Autoimmune Musculoskeletal and Hematopoietic Diseases, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Czeslawa Kowal
- Center for Autoimmune Musculoskeletal and Hematopoietic Diseases, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Mingzhu He
- Center for Molecular Innovation, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Myoungsun Son
- Center for Autoimmune Musculoskeletal and Hematopoietic Diseases, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Eicke Latz
- Biomedical Centre (BMZ), Institute of Innate Immunity, 1G007 University Hospital, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ilan Ben-Zvi
- Center for Autoimmune Musculoskeletal and Hematopoietic Diseases, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Yousef Al-Abed
- Center for Molecular Innovation, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Betty Diamond
- Center for Autoimmune Musculoskeletal and Hematopoietic Diseases, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States
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34
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Cao X, Xue YJ, Du JL, Xu Q, Yang XC, Zeng Y, Wang BB, Wang HZ, Liu J, Cai KZ, Ma ZR. Induction and Suppression of Innate Antiviral Responses by Hepatitis A Virus. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1865. [PMID: 30174659 PMCID: PMC6107850 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis A virus (HAV) belongs to the family Picornaviridae. It is the pathogen of acute viral hepatitis caused by fecal-oral transmission. RNA viruses are sensed by pathogen-associated pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) such as Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3), retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I), and melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5). PRR activation leads to production of type 1 interferon (IFN-α/β), serving as the first line of defense against viruses. However, HAV has developed various strategies to compromise the innate immune system and promote viral propagation within the host cells. The long coevolution of HAV in hosts has prompted the development of effective immune antagonism strategies that actively fight against host antiviral responses. Proteases encoded by HAV can cleave the mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS, also known as IPS-1, VISA, or Cardif), TIR domain- containing adaptor inducing IFN-β (TRIF, also known as TICAM-1) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) essential modulator (NEMO), which are key adaptor proteins in RIG-I-like receptor (RLR), TLR3 and NF-κB signaling, respectively. In this mini-review, we summarize all the recent progress on the interaction between HAV and the host, especially focusing on how HAV abrogates the antiviral effects of the innate immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Cao
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Engineering & Technology Research Center for Animal Cell, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioengineering & Biotechnology of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Lanzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yu-jia Xue
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Engineering & Technology Research Center for Animal Cell, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioengineering & Biotechnology of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jiang-long Du
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Engineering & Technology Research Center for Animal Cell, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioengineering & Biotechnology of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qiang Xu
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Engineering & Technology Research Center for Animal Cell, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioengineering & Biotechnology of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xue-cai Yang
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Engineering & Technology Research Center for Animal Cell, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioengineering & Biotechnology of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yan Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Bo-bo Wang
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Engineering & Technology Research Center for Animal Cell, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioengineering & Biotechnology of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hai-zhen Wang
- Hebi Precision Medical Research Institute, People's Hospital of Hebi, Hebi, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Medical OncologyPeople's Hospital of Hebi, Hebi, China
| | - Kui-zheng Cai
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Engineering & Technology Research Center for Animal Cell, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioengineering & Biotechnology of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhong-ren Ma
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Engineering & Technology Research Center for Animal Cell, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioengineering & Biotechnology of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Lanzhou, China
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35
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Ahmed-Hassan H, Abdul-Cader MS, Ahmed Sabry M, Hamza E, Sharif S, Nagy E, Abdul-Careem MF. Double-Stranded Ribonucleic Acid-Mediated Antiviral Response Against Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus Infection. Viral Immunol 2018; 31:433-446. [PMID: 29813000 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2017.0142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptor (TLR)3 signaling pathway is known to induce type 1 interferons (IFNs) and proinflammatory mediators leading to antiviral response against many viral infections. Double-stranded ribonucleic acid (dsRNA) has been shown to act as a ligand for TLR3 and, as such, has been a focus as a potential antiviral agent in many host-viral infection models. Yet, its effectiveness and involved mechanisms as a mediator against low pathogenic avian influenza virus (LPAIV) have not been investigated adequately. In this study, we used avian fibroblasts to verify whether dsRNA induces antiviral response against H4N6 LPAIV and clarify whether type 1 IFNs and proinflammatory mediators such as interleukin (IL)-1β are contributing to the dsRNA-mediated antiviral response against H4N6 LPAIV. We found that dsRNA induces antiviral response in avian fibroblasts against H4N6 LPAIV infection. The treatment of avian fibroblasts with dsRNA increases the expressions of TLR3, IFN-α, IFN-β, and IL-1β. We also confirmed that this antiviral response elicited against H4N6 LPAIV infection correlates, but is not attributable to type 1 IFNs or IL-1β. Our findings imply that the TLR3 ligand, dsRNA, can elicit antiviral response in avian fibroblasts against LPAIV infection, highlighting potential value of dsRNA as an antiviral agent against LPAIV infections. However, further investigations are required to determine the potential role of other innate immune mediators or combination of the tested cytokines in the dsRNA-mediated antiviral response against H4N6 LPAIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanaa Ahmed-Hassan
- 1 Department of Ecosystem and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Health Research Innovation Center 2C53, University of Calgary , Calgary, Alberta, Canada .,2 Zoonoses Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University , Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Sarjoon Abdul-Cader
- 1 Department of Ecosystem and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Health Research Innovation Center 2C53, University of Calgary , Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Maha Ahmed Sabry
- 2 Zoonoses Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University , Giza, Egypt
| | - Eman Hamza
- 2 Zoonoses Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University , Giza, Egypt
| | - Shayan Sharif
- 3 Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph , Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eva Nagy
- 3 Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph , Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mohamed Faizal Abdul-Careem
- 1 Department of Ecosystem and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Health Research Innovation Center 2C53, University of Calgary , Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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36
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Stuart JD, Holm GH, Boehme KW. Differential Delivery of Genomic Double-Stranded RNA Causes Reovirus Strain-Specific Differences in Interferon Regulatory Factor 3 Activation. J Virol 2018; 92:e01947-17. [PMID: 29437975 DOI: 10.1128/JVI.01947-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Serotype 3 (T3) reoviruses induce substantially more type 1 interferon (IFN-I) secretion than serotype 1 (T1) strains. However, the mechanisms underlying differences in IFN-I production between T1 and T3 reoviruses remain undefined. Here, we found that differences in IFN-I production between T1 and T3 reoviruses correlate with activation of interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3), a key transcription factor for the production of IFN-I. T3 strain rsT3D activated IRF3 more rapidly and to a greater extent than the T1 strain rsT1L, in simian virus 40 (SV40) immortalized endothelial cells (SVECs). Differences in IRF3 activation between rsT1L and rsT3D were observed in the first hours of infection and were independent of de novo viral RNA and protein synthesis. NF-κB activation mirrored IRF3 activation, with rsT3D inducing more NF-κB activity than rsT1L. We also found that IRF3 and NF-κB are activated in a mitochondrial antiviral-signaling protein (MAVS)-dependent manner. rsT1L does not suppress IRF3 activation, as IRF3 phosphorylation could be induced in rsT1L-infected cells. Transfected rsT1L and rsT3D RNA induced IRF3 phosphorylation, indicating that genomic RNA from both strains has the capacity to activate IRF3. Finally, bypassing the normal route of reovirus entry by transfecting in vitro-generated viral cores revealed that rsT1L and rsT3D core particles induced equivalent IRF3 activation. Taken together, our findings indicate that entry-related events that occur after outer capsid disassembly, but prior to deposition of viral cores into the cytoplasm, influence the efficiency of IFN-I responses to reovirus. This work provides further insight into mechanisms by which nonenveloped viruses activate innate immune responses.IMPORTANCE Detection of viral nucleic acids by the host cell triggers type 1 interferon (IFN-I) responses, which are critical for containing and clearing viral infections. Viral RNA is sensed in the cytoplasm by cellular receptors that initiate signaling pathways, leading to the activation of interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) and NF-κB, key transcription factors required for IFN-I induction. Serotype 3 (T3) reoviruses induce significantly more IFN-I than serotype 1 (T1) strains. In this work, we found that differences in IFN-I production by T1 and T3 reoviruses correlate with differential IRF3 activation. Differences in IRF3 activation are not caused by a blockade of the IRF3 activation by a T1 strain. Rather, differences in events during the late stages of viral entry determine the capacity of reovirus to activate host IFN-I responses. Together, our work provides insight into mechanisms of IFN-I induction by nonenveloped viruses.
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Koehler H, Cotsmire S, Langland J, Kibler KV, Kalman D, Upton JW, Mocarski ES, Jacobs BL. Inhibition of DAI-dependent necroptosis by the Z-DNA binding domain of the vaccinia virus innate immune evasion protein, E3. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:11506-11. [PMID: 29073079 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1700999114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccinia virus (VACV) encodes an innate immune evasion protein, E3, which contains an N-terminal Z-nucleic acid binding (Zα) domain that is critical for pathogenicity in mice. Here we demonstrate that the N terminus of E3 is necessary to inhibit an IFN-primed virus-induced necroptosis. VACV deleted of the Zα domain of E3 (VACV-E3LΔ83N) induced rapid RIPK3-dependent cell death in IFN-treated L929 cells. Cell death was inhibited by the RIPK3 inhibitor, GSK872, and infection with this mutant virus led to phosphorylation and aggregation of MLKL, the executioner of necroptosis. In 293T cells, induction of necroptosis depended on expression of RIPK3 as well as the host-encoded Zα domain-containing DNA sensor, DAI. VACV-E3LΔ83N is attenuated in vivo, and pathogenicity was restored in either RIPK3- or DAI-deficient mice. These data demonstrate that the N terminus of the VACV E3 protein prevents DAI-mediated induction of necroptosis.
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Lebetwa N, Mitani T, Nakamura S, Katayama S. Role of phosphate groups on antiviral activity of casein phosphopeptide against feline calicivirus as a surrogate for norovirus. J Sci Food Agric 2017; 97:1939-1944. [PMID: 27545286 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current research on the gastrointestinal digestion of milk-casein strongly suggests the existence of novel bioactive peptides with antiviral activities that are attributable to their immunostimulatory effects. In the present study, we investigated the antiviral activity of casein peptides rich in phosphate groups, such as casein phosphopeptide (CPP-III). RESULTS We prepared two types of CPP with different phosphorylation levels to clarify the role of the phosphate group. Further phosphorylation of CPP-III was conducted by dry heating with sodium pyrophosphate, whereas dephosphorylation was performed enzymatically using alkaline phosphatase and alkaline treatment. Feline calicivirus (FCV) strain F9, a typical norovirus surrogate, and Crandell Rees feline kidney cells were used as the target virus and host cells, respectively. Antiviral activity was determined based on the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay and quantitative polymerase chain reaction quantification of antiviral cytokine mRNA expression. Higher cell viability was observed in the host cells treated with phosphorylated CPP-III, and a significant up-regulation of type 1 interferon expression was induced compared to that treated with native CPP-III. However, dephosphorylation of CPP-III resulted in a decrease in the anti-FCV effect. CONCLUSION The CPP effect was enhanced by the introduction of additional phosphates and conversely weakened by their elimination. Therefore, CPP-III phosphorylation represents an emerging approach for the production of food-grade antiviral agents. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ntshepisa Lebetwa
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Shinshu University, 8304 Minamiminowa, Ina, Nagano, 399-4598, Japan
| | - Takakazu Mitani
- Department of Interdisciplinary Genome Sciences and Cell Metabolism, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, Ina, Nagano, 399-4598, Japan
| | - Soichiro Nakamura
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Shinshu University, 8304 Minamiminowa, Ina, Nagano, 399-4598, Japan
| | - Shigeru Katayama
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Shinshu University, 8304 Minamiminowa, Ina, Nagano, 399-4598, Japan
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Pan Z, Horton CG, Lawrence C, Farris AD. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells and type 1 interferon promote peripheral expansion of forkhead box protein 3(+) regulatory T cells specific for the ubiquitous RNA-binding nuclear antigen La/Sjögren's syndrome (SS)-B. Clin Exp Immunol 2016; 186:18-29. [PMID: 27227559 PMCID: PMC5011359 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA-binding nuclear antigens are a major class of self-antigen to which immune tolerance is lost in rheumatic diseases. Serological tolerance to one such antigen, La/Sjögren's syndrome (SS)-B (La), is controlled by CD4(+) T cells. This study investigated peripheral tolerance to human La (hLa) by tracking the fate of hLa-specific CD4(+) T cells expressing the transgenic (Tg) 3B5.8 T cell receptor (TCR) after adoptive transfer into lymphocyte-replete recipient mice expressing hLa as a neo-self-antigen. After initial antigen-specific cell division, hLa-specific donor CD4(+) T cells expressed forkhead box protein 3 (FoxP3). Donor cells retrieved from hLa Tg recipients displayed impaired proliferation and secreted interleukin (IL)-10 in vitro in response to antigenic stimulation. Transfer of highly purified FoxP3-negative donor cells demonstrated that accumulation of hLa-specific regulatory T cells (Treg ) was due primarily to expansion of small numbers of donor Treg . Depletion of recipient plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC), but not B cells, severely hampered the accumulation of FoxP3(+) donor Treg in hLa Tg recipients. Recipient pDC expressed tolerogenic markers and higher levels of co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory molecules than B cells. Adoptive transfer of hLa peptide-loaded pDC into mice lacking expression of hLa recapitulated the accumulation of hLa-specific Treg . Blockade of the type 1 interferon (IFN) receptor in hLa Tg recipients of hLa-specific T cells impaired FoxP3(+) donor T cell accumulation. Therefore, peripheral expansion of Treg specific for an RNA-binding nuclear antigen is mediated by antigen-presenting pDC in a type 1 IFN-dependent manner. These results reveal a regulatory function of pDC in controlling autoreactivity to RNA-binding nuclear antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z.‐J. Pan
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology ProgramOklahoma Medical Research Foundation
| | - C. G. Horton
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology ProgramOklahoma Medical Research Foundation
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma City
- Department of Biological SciencesSouthwestern Oklahoma State UniversityWeatherfordOKUSA
| | - C. Lawrence
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology ProgramOklahoma Medical Research Foundation
| | - A. D. Farris
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology ProgramOklahoma Medical Research Foundation
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma City
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Foster TL, Wilson H, Iyer SS, Coss K, Doores K, Smith S, Kellam P, Finzi A, Borrow P, Hahn BH, Neil SJD. Resistance of Transmitted Founder HIV-1 to IFITM-Mediated Restriction. Cell Host Microbe 2016; 20:429-442. [PMID: 27640936 PMCID: PMC5075283 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2016.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Interferon-induced transmembrane proteins (IFITMs) restrict the entry of diverse enveloped viruses through incompletely understood mechanisms. While IFITMs are reported to inhibit HIV-1, their in vivo relevance is unclear. We show that IFITM sensitivity of HIV-1 strains is determined by the co-receptor usage of the viral envelope glycoproteins as well as IFITM subcellular localization within the target cell. Importantly, we find that transmitted founder HIV-1, which establishes de novo infections, is uniquely resistant to the antiviral activity of IFITMs. However, viral sensitivity to IFITMs, particularly IFITM2 and IFITM3, increases over the first 6 months of infection, primarily as a result of neutralizing antibody escape mutations. Additionally, the ability to evade IFITM restriction contributes to the different interferon sensitivities of transmitted founder and chronic viruses. Together, these data indicate that IFITMs constitute an important barrier to HIV-1 transmission and that escape from adaptive immune responses exposes the virus to antiviral restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshana L Foster
- Department of Infectious Diseases, King's College London Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Harry Wilson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, King's College London Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Shilpa S Iyer
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Karen Coss
- Department of Infectious Diseases, King's College London Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Katie Doores
- Department of Infectious Diseases, King's College London Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Sarah Smith
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Centre, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Paul Kellam
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Centre, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Andrés Finzi
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM and Department of Microbiology, Infection, and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Persephone Borrow
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, UK
| | - Beatrice H Hahn
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Stuart J D Neil
- Department of Infectious Diseases, King's College London Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK.
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Ng CT, Mendoza JL, Garcia KC, Oldstone MBA. Alpha and Beta Type 1 Interferon Signaling: Passage for Diverse Biologic Outcomes. Cell 2016; 164:349-52. [PMID: 26824652 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2015.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Type I interferon (IFN-I) elicits a complex cascade of events in response to microbial infection. Here, we review recent developments illuminating the large number of IFN-I species and describing their unique biologic functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cherie T Ng
- Department of Immunology & Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Juan L Mendoza
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Physiology and Department of Structural Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, 279 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - K Christopher Garcia
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Physiology and Department of Structural Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, 279 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Michael B A Oldstone
- Department of Immunology & Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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Oldstone MBA. A Jekyll and Hyde Profile: Type 1 Interferon Signaling Plays a Prominent Role in the Initiation and Maintenance of a Persistent Virus Infection. J Infect Dis 2015; 212 Suppl 1:S31-6. [PMID: 26116728 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiu501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The hallmarks of persistent viral infections are exhaustion of virus-specific T cells, elevated production of interleukin 10 (IL-10) and programmed death-1 (PD-1) the dominant negative regulators of the immune system and disruption of secondary lymphoid tissues. Within the first 12-24 hours after mice are infected with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) clone 13, which is used as a model of persistent virus infection, we note generation of high titers of type 1 interferon. Blockade of type 1 interferon significantly lessens IL-10 and PD-1/PD-L1, allows normal secondary lymphoid architecture and re-establishes antiviral T-cell function, thus eradicating the virus and clearing the infection. Hence, type 1 interferon is a master reostat for establishing persistent viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B A Oldstone
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California
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Abstract
Dermatomyositis is an autoimmune disease predominantly affecting skin and muscle. Its poorly understood pathogenesis is increasingly being linked to the overproduction of type 1 interferon-inducible gene transcripts and proteins. Mechanisms have been identified by which chronic sustained accumulation of these proteins might occur and thereby injure tissue in dermatomyositis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven A Greenberg
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Neurology, and Children's Hospital Informatics Program, Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Damjanovic D, Khera A, Medina MF, Ennis J, Turner JD, Gauldie J, Xing Z. Type 1 interferon gene transfer enhances host defense against pulmonary Streptococcus pneumoniae infection via activating innate leukocytes. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2014; 1:5. [PMID: 26015944 PMCID: PMC4378291 DOI: 10.1038/mtm.2014.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Pneumococcal infections are the leading cause of community-acquired pneumonia. Although the type 1 interferon-α (IFN-α) is a well-known antiviral cytokine, the role of IFN-α in antipneumococcal host defense and its therapeutic potential remain poorly understood. We have investigated these issues by using a murine transgene expression model. We found that in control animals, Streptococcus pneumoniae infection caused severe weight loss and excessive lung inflammation, associated with rapid bacterial outgrowth. In contrast, the animals that received a single dose of an adenoviral vector expressing IFN-α prior to pneumococcal infection demonstrated rapid and effective control of bacterial replication and lung inflammation and improved clinical outcome. Enhanced protection by IFN-α was due to increased activation of neutrophils and macrophages with increased release of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and bacterial killing. Furthermore, we found that raised levels of IFN-α in the lung remained immune protective even when the gene transfer vector was given at a time postpneumococcal infection. Our study thus shows that the classically antiviral type 1 IFN can be exploited for enhancing immunity against pneumococcal infection via its activating effects on innate immune cells. Our findings hold implications for the therapeutic use of IFN-α gene transfer strategies to combat pneumococcal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Damjanovic
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University , Hamilton, Ontario, Canada ; M.G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University , Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amandeep Khera
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University , Hamilton, Ontario, Canada ; M.G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University , Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maria Fe Medina
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University , Hamilton, Ontario, Canada ; M.G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University , Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Jack Gauldie
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University , Hamilton, Ontario, Canada ; M.G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University , Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zhou Xing
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University , Hamilton, Ontario, Canada ; M.G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University , Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Spel L, Boelens JJ, Nierkens S, Boes M. Antitumor immune responses mediated by dendritic cells: How signals derived from dying cancer cells drive antigen cross-presentation. Oncoimmunology 2013; 2:e26403. [PMID: 24482744 PMCID: PMC3894247 DOI: 10.4161/onci.26403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Revised: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are essential for the induction of adaptive immune responses against malignant cells by virtue of their capacity to effectively cross-present exogenous antigens to T lymphocytes. Dying cancer cells are indeed a rich source of antigens that may be harnessed for the development of DC-based vaccines. In particular, malignant cells succumbing to apoptosis, rather than necrosis, appear to release antigens in a manner that allows for the elicitation of adaptive immune responses. In this review, we describe the processes that mediate the cross-presentation of antigens released by apoptotic cancer cells to CD8+ T lymphocytes, resulting in the activation of protective tumor-specific immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotte Spel
- U-DANCE and Laboratory of Translational Immunology; University Medical Center Utrecht; Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap-Jan Boelens
- U-DANCE and Laboratory of Translational Immunology; University Medical Center Utrecht; Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Nierkens
- U-DANCE and Laboratory of Translational Immunology; University Medical Center Utrecht; Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marianne Boes
- U-DANCE and Laboratory of Translational Immunology; University Medical Center Utrecht; Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Shrivastav M, Niewold TB. Nucleic Acid sensors and type I interferon production in systemic lupus erythematosus. Front Immunol 2013; 4:319. [PMID: 24109483 PMCID: PMC3791549 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The characteristic serologic feature of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is autoantibodies against one’s own nucleic acid or nucleic acid-binding proteins – DNA and RNA-binding nuclear proteins. Circulating autoantibodies can deposit in the tissue, causing inflammation and production of cytokines such as type 1 interferon (IFN). Investigations in human patients and animal models have implicated environmental as well as genetic factors in the biology of the SLE autoimmune response. Viral/Bacterial nucleic acid is a potent stimulant of innate immunity by both toll-like receptor (TLR) and non-TLR signaling cascades. Additionally, foreign DNA may act as an immunogen to drive an antigen-specific antibody response. Self nucleic acid is normally restricted to the nucleus or the mitochondria, away from the DNA/RNA sensors, and mechanisms exist to differentiate between foreign and self nucleic acid. In normal immunity, a diverse range of DNA and RNA sensors in different cell types form a dynamic and integrated molecular network to prevent viral infection. In SLE, pathologic activation of these sensors occurs via immune complexes consisting of autoantibodies bound to DNA or to nucleic acid-protein complexes. In this review, we will discuss recent studies outlining how mismanaged nucleic acid sensing networks promote autoimmunity and result in the over-production of type I IFN. This information is critical for improving therapeutic strategies for SLE disease.
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Polyak MJ, Vivithanaporn P, Maingat FG, Walsh JG, Branton W, Cohen EA, Meeker R, Power C. Differential type 1 interferon-regulated gene expression in the brain during AIDS: interactions with viral diversity and neurovirulence. FASEB J 2013; 27:2829-44. [PMID: 23608145 DOI: 10.1096/fj.13-227868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The lentiviruses, human and feline immunodeficiency viruses (HIV-1 and FIV, respectively), infect the brain and cause neurovirulence, evident as neuronal injury, inflammation, and neurobehavioral abnormalities with diminished survival. Herein, different lentivirus infections in conjunction with neural cell viability were investigated, concentrating on type 1 interferon-regulated pathways. Transcriptomic network analyses showed a preponderance of genes involved in type 1 interferon signaling, which was verified by increased expression of the type 1 interferon-associated genes, Mx1 and CD317, in brains from HIV-infected persons (P<0.05). Leukocytes infected with different strains of FIV or HIV-1 showed differential Mx1 and CD317 expression (P<0.05). In vivo studies of animals infected with the FIV strains, FIV(ch) or FIV(ncsu), revealed that FIV(ch)-infected animals displayed deficits in memory and motor speed compared with the FIV(ncsu)- and mock-infected groups (P<0.05). TNF-α, IL-1β, and CD40 expression was increased in the brains of FIV(ch)-infected animals; conversely, Mx1 and CD317 transcript levels were increased in the brains of FIV(ncsu)-infected animals, principally in microglia (P<0.05). Gliosis and neuronal loss were evident among FIV(ch)-infected animals compared with mock- and FIV(ncsu)-infected animals (P<0.05). Lentiviral infections induce type 1 interferon-regulated gene expression in microglia in a viral diversity-dependent manner, representing a mechanism by which immune responses might be exploited to limit neurovirulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J Polyak
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Abstract
Viral respiratory tract infections are the most common infectious illnesses, though they are usually self-limiting and confined to the respiratory tract. The rapid identification of viruses and their effective elimination with minimal local and systemic inflammation is a testament to the efficiency of the innate immune response within the airways and lungs. A failure of this response appears to occur in those with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, where viral infection is an important trigger for acute exacerbations. The innate immune response to viruses requires their early detection through pathogen recognition receptors and the recruitment of the efficient antiviral response that is centred around the release of type 1 interferons. The airway epithelium provides both a barrier and an early detector for viruses, and interacts closely with cells of the innate immune response, especially macrophages and dendritic cells, to eliminate infection and trigger a specific adaptive immune response.
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