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Griffith S, Muir L, Suchanek O, Hope J, Pade C, Gibbons JM, Tuong ZK, Fung A, Touizer E, Rees-Spear C, Nans A, Roustan C, Alguel Y, Fink D, Orkin C, Deayton J, Anderson J, Gupta RK, Doores KJ, Cherepanov P, McKnight Á, Clatworthy M, McCoy LE. Preservation of memory B cell homeostasis in an individual producing broadly neutralising antibodies against HIV-1. bioRxiv 2024:2024.02.05.578789. [PMID: 38370662 PMCID: PMC10871235 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.05.578789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Immunological determinants favouring emergence of broadly neutralising antibodies are crucial to the development of HIV-1 vaccination strategies. Here, we combined RNAseq and B cell cloning approaches to isolate a broadly neutralising antibody (bnAb) ELC07 from an individual living with untreated HIV-1. Using single particle cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM), we show that the antibody recognises a conformational epitope at the gp120-gp41 interface. ELC07 binds the closed state of the viral glycoprotein causing considerable perturbations to the gp41 trimer core structure. Phenotypic analysis of memory B cell subsets from the ELC07 bnAb donor revealed a lack of expected HIV-1-associated dysfunction, specifically no increase in CD21-/CD27- cells was observed whilst the resting memory (CD21+/CD27+) population appeared preserved despite uncontrolled HIV-1 viraemia. Moreover, single cell transcriptomes of memory B cells from this bnAb donor showed a resting memory phenotype irrespective of the epitope they targeted or their ability to neutralise diverse strains of HIV-1. Strikingly, single memory B cells from the ELC07 bnAb donor were transcriptionally similar to memory B cells from HIV-negative individuals. Our results demonstrate that potent bnAbs can arise without the HIV-1-induced dysregulation of the memory B cell compartment and suggest that sufficient levels of antigenic stimulation with a strategically designed immunogen could be effective in HIV-negative vaccine recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Griffith
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Luke Muir
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ondrej Suchanek
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Joshua Hope
- Chromatin Structure and Mobile DNA Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Corinna Pade
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, UK
| | - Joseph M Gibbons
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, UK
| | - Zewen Kelvin Tuong
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cellular Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Ian Frazer Centre for Children's Immunotherapy Research, Child Health Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Audrey Fung
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Emma Touizer
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Chloe Rees-Spear
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Andrea Nans
- Structural Biology Science Technology Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Chloe Roustan
- Structural Biology Science Technology Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Yilmaz Alguel
- Chromatin Structure and Mobile DNA Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Douglas Fink
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Chloe Orkin
- SHARE collaborative, Blizard Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Jane Deayton
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, UK
| | - Jane Anderson
- Homerton University Hospital NHS Foundation, London, UK
| | - Ravindra K Gupta
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease (CITIID), Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Katie J Doores
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Peter Cherepanov
- Chromatin Structure and Mobile DNA Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Department of Infectious Disease, St-Mary's Campus, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Áine McKnight
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, UK
| | - Menna Clatworthy
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
- Cellular Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease (CITIID), Cambridge, UK
| | - Laura E McCoy
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
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Abhishek A, Peckham N, Pade C, Gibbons JM, Cureton L, Francis A, Barber V, Williams JAE, Appelbe D, Eldridge L, Julier P, Altmann DM, Bluett J, Brooks T, Coates LC, Rombach I, Semper A, Otter A, Valdes AM, Nguyen-Van-Tam JS, Williams HC, Boyton RJ, McKnight Á, Cook JA. Effect of a 2-week interruption in methotrexate treatment on COVID-19 vaccine response in people with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (VROOM study): a randomised, open label, superiority trial. Lancet Rheumatol 2024; 6:e92-e104. [PMID: 38267107 DOI: 10.1016/s2665-9913(23)00298-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methotrexate is the first-line treatment for immune-mediated inflammatory diseases and reduces vaccine-induced immunity. We evaluated if a 2-week interruption of methotrexate treatment immediately after COVID-19 booster vaccination improved antibody response against the S1 receptor binding domain (S1-RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and live SARS-CoV-2 neutralisation compared with uninterrupted treatment in patients with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. METHOD We did a multicentre, open-label, parallel-group, randomised, superiority trial in secondary-care rheumatology and dermatology clinics in 26 hospitals in the UK. Adults (aged ≥18 years) with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases taking methotrexate (≤25 mg per week) for at least 3 months, who had received two primary vaccine doses from the UK COVID-19 vaccination programme were eligible. Participants were randomly assigned (1:1) using a centralised validated computer program, to temporarily suspend methotrexate treatment for 2 weeks immediately after COVID-19 booster vaccination or continue treatment as usual. The primary outcome was S1-RBD antibody titres 4 weeks after COVID-19 booster vaccination and was assessed masked to group assignment. All randomly assigned patients were included in primary and safety analyses. This trial is registered with ISRCTN, ISRCTN11442263; following a pre-planned interim analysis, recruitment was stopped early. FINDING Between Sept 30, 2021, and March 7, 2022, we screened 685 individuals, of whom 383 were randomly assigned: to either suspend methotrexate (n=191; mean age 58·8 years [SD 12·5], 118 [62%] women and 73 [38%] men) or to continue methotrexate (n=192; mean age 59·3 years [11·9], 117 [61%] women and 75 [39%] men). At 4 weeks, the geometric mean S1-RBD antibody titre was 25 413 U/mL (95% CI 22 227-29 056) in the suspend methotrexate group and 12 326 U/mL (10 538-14 418) in the continue methotrexate group with a geometric mean ratio (GMR) of 2·08 (95% CI 1·59-2·70; p<0·0001). No intervention-related serious adverse events occurred. INTERPRETATION 2-week interruption of methotrexate treatment in people with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases enhanced antibody responses after COVID-19 booster vaccination that were sustained at 12 weeks and 26 weeks. There was a temporary increase in inflammatory disease flares, mostly self-managed. The choice to suspend methotrexate should be individualised based on disease status and vulnerability to severe outcomes from COVID-19. FUNDING National Institute for Health and Care Research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicholas Peckham
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Oxford Clinical Trials Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Corinna Pade
- Blizard Institute, Centre for Genomics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Joseph M Gibbons
- Blizard Institute, Centre for Genomics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Lucy Cureton
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Oxford Clinical Trials Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Anne Francis
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Oxford Clinical Trials Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Vicki Barber
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Oxford Clinical Trials Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jennifer A E Williams
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Oxford Clinical Trials Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Duncan Appelbe
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Oxford Clinical Trials Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Lucy Eldridge
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Oxford Clinical Trials Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Patrick Julier
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Oxford Clinical Trials Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Daniel M Altmann
- Department of Inflammation and Immunology, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - James Bluett
- NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester UK; Versus Arthritis Centre for Genetics and Genomics, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Laura C Coates
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Ines Rombach
- Sheffield Clinical Trials Research Unit, School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, UK
| | | | | | - Ana M Valdes
- Academic Rheumatology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | | | - Hywel C Williams
- Population and Lifespan Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Rosemary J Boyton
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK; Lung Division, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Áine McKnight
- Blizard Institute, Centre for Genomics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Jonathan A Cook
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Oxford Clinical Trials Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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3
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Miyashita L, Foley G, Semple S, Gibbons JM, Pade C, McKnight Á, Grigg J. Curbside particulate matter and susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection. J Allergy Clin Immunol Glob 2023; 2:100141. [PMID: 37781647 PMCID: PMC10509961 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacig.2023.100141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Background Biologic plausibility for the association between exposure to particulate matter (PM) less than 10 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM10) and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) morbidity in epidemiologic studies has not been determined. The upregulation of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) entry receptor on host cells, by PM10 is a putative mechanism. Objective We sought to assess the effect of PM10 on SARS-CoV-2 infection of cells in vitro. Methods PM10 from the curbside of London's Marylebone Road and from exhaust emissions was collected by cyclone. A549 cells, human primary nasal epithelial cells (HPNEpCs), SARS-CoV-2-susceptible Vero-E6 and Calu3 cells were cultured with PM10. ACE2 expression (as determined by median fluorescent intensity) was assessed by flow cytometry, and ACE2 mRNA transcript level was assessed by PCR. The role of oxidative stress was determined by N-acetyl cysteine. The cytopathic effect of SARS-CoV-2 (percentage of infection enhancement) and expression of SARS-CoV-2 genes' open reading frame (ORF) 1ab, S protein, and N protein (focus-forming units/mL) were assessed in Vero-E6 cells. Data were analyzed by either the Mann-Whitney U test or Kruskal-Wallis test with the Dunn multiple comparisons test. Results Curbside PM10 at concentrations of 10 μg/mL or more increased ACE2 expression in A549 cells (P = .0021). Both diesel PM10 and curbside PM10 in a concentration of 10 μg/mL increased ACE2 expression in HPNEpCs (P = .0022 and P = .0072, respectively). ACE2 expression simulated by curbside PM10 was attenuated by N-acetyl cysteine in HPNEpCs (P = .0464). Curbside PM10 increased ACE2 expression in Calu3 cells (P = .0256). In Vero-E6 cells, curbside PM10 increased ACE2 expression (P = .0079), ACE2 transcript level (P = .0079), SARS-CoV-2 cytopathic effect (P = .0002), and expression of the SARS-CoV-2 genes' ORF1ab, S protein, and N protein (P = .0079). Conclusions Curbside PM10 increases susceptibility to SARS-COV-2 infection in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Miyashita
- Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gary Foley
- Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sean Semple
- Institute for Social Marketing, University of Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph M. Gibbons
- Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Corinna Pade
- Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Áine McKnight
- Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Grigg
- Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
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4
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Gokani B, Sacoor S, Leisegang GR, Ogunkolade W, Bibi A, Grigoriadou S, Pade C, Gibbons J, Senusi A, Fortune F. Behçet's patients' response to COVID-19 vaccination. Clin Immunol 2023; 255:109700. [PMID: 37482118 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2023.109700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Immune hyperstimulation by SARS-CoV2 results in multi-system involvement with consequent organ damage not dissimilar to Behçet's Disease (BD). Management of BD includes immunosuppressive medication, which led to concerns that; firstly, SARS-CoV-2 would stimulate BD activity, thrombin, clotting times, TPO antibodies, and the effectiveness and duration of the COVID-19 vaccines' response in this potentially vulnerable group. The main objectives of this study were: to assess BD patients' immune response to the COVID-19 vaccines based on age, gender, disease activity, BD phenotype, and immunomodulatory medication compared to healthy control participants by measuring anti-spike IgG levels. Further to evaluate the effect of the COVID-19 vaccines on T and B cells, immunoglobulins, thrombophilia, thyroid function and COVID-19 antibody production. Patients on immunosuppressive medication had a reduced immune response to COVID-19 vaccines. -Also, patients over 40 years and with the neurologic BD phenotype had lower responses. mRNA COVID-19 vaccines were more effective and had fewer side effects compared to conventional COVID-19 vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bindi Gokani
- London Behçet's Centre, Royal London Hospital, Barts Health London, UK.
| | - Sarah Sacoor
- London Behçet's Centre, Royal London Hospital, Barts Health London, UK.
| | - Georgia R Leisegang
- Centre for Oral Immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine (COIRM), Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, UK.
| | - William Ogunkolade
- Centre for Oral Immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine (COIRM), Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, UK.
| | - Azimoon Bibi
- London Behçet's Centre, Royal London Hospital, Barts Health London, UK.
| | - Sofia Grigoriadou
- London Behçet's Centre, Royal London Hospital, Barts Health London, UK.
| | - Corinna Pade
- Centre for Oral Immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine (COIRM), Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, UK.
| | - Joseph Gibbons
- Centre for Oral Immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine (COIRM), Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, UK.
| | - Amal Senusi
- Centre for Oral Immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine (COIRM), Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, UK; London Behçet's Centre, Royal London Hospital, Barts Health London, UK.
| | - Farida Fortune
- Centre for Oral Immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine (COIRM), Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, UK; London Behçet's Centre, Royal London Hospital, Barts Health London, UK.
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5
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Altmann DM, Reynolds CJ, Joy G, Otter AD, Gibbons JM, Pade C, Swadling L, Maini MK, Brooks T, Semper A, McKnight Á, Noursadeghi M, Manisty C, Treibel TA, Moon JC, Boyton RJ. Persistent symptoms after COVID-19 are not associated with differential SARS-CoV-2 antibody or T cell immunity. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5139. [PMID: 37612310 PMCID: PMC10447583 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40460-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Among the unknowns in decoding the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 persistent symptoms in Long Covid is whether there is a contributory role of abnormal immunity during acute infection. It has been proposed that Long Covid is a consequence of either an excessive or inadequate initial immune response. Here, we analyze SARS-CoV-2 humoral and cellular immunity in 86 healthcare workers with laboratory confirmed mild or asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection during the first wave. Symptom questionnaires allow stratification into those with persistent symptoms and those without for comparison. During the period up to 18-weeks post-infection, we observe no difference in antibody responses to spike RBD or nucleoprotein, virus neutralization, or T cell responses. Also, there is no difference in the profile of antibody waning. Analysis at 1-year, after two vaccine doses, comparing those with persistent symptoms to those without, again shows similar SARS-CoV-2 immunity. Thus, quantitative differences in these measured parameters of SARS-CoV-2 adaptive immunity following mild or asymptomatic acute infection are unlikely to have contributed to Long Covid causality. ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04318314).
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Altmann
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | | | - George Joy
- St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Joseph M Gibbons
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Corinna Pade
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Leo Swadling
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mala K Maini
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Tim Brooks
- UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, UK
| | | | - Áine McKnight
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Mahdad Noursadeghi
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Charlotte Manisty
- St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Thomas A Treibel
- St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - James C Moon
- St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Rosemary J Boyton
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK.
- Lung Division, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
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6
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Milighetti M, Peng Y, Tan C, Mark M, Nageswaran G, Byrne S, Ronel T, Peacock T, Mayer A, Chandran A, Rosenheim J, Whelan M, Yao X, Liu G, Felce SL, Dong T, Mentzer AJ, Knight JC, Balloux F, Greenstein E, Reich-Zeliger S, Pade C, Gibbons JM, Semper A, Brooks T, Otter A, Altmann DM, Boyton RJ, Maini MK, McKnight A, Manisty C, Treibel TA, Moon JC, Noursadeghi M, Chain B. Large clones of pre-existing T cells drive early immunity against SARS-COV-2 and LCMV infection. iScience 2023; 26:106937. [PMID: 37275518 PMCID: PMC10201888 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
T cell responses precede antibody and may provide early control of infection. We analyzed the clonal basis of this rapid response following SARS-COV-2 infection. We applied T cell receptor (TCR) sequencing to define the trajectories of individual T cell clones immediately. In SARS-COV-2 PCR+ individuals, a wave of TCRs strongly but transiently expand, frequently peaking the same week as the first positive PCR test. These expanding TCR CDR3s were enriched for sequences functionally annotated as SARS-COV-2 specific. Epitopes recognized by the expanding TCRs were highly conserved between SARS-COV-2 strains but not with circulating human coronaviruses. Many expanding CDR3s were present at high frequency in pre-pandemic repertoires. Early response TCRs specific for lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus epitopes were also found at high frequency in the preinfection naive repertoire. High-frequency naive precursors may allow the T cell response to respond rapidly during the crucial early phases of acute viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Milighetti
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Yanchun Peng
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Cedric Tan
- UCL Genetics Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Michal Mark
- Department of Systems Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Gayathri Nageswaran
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Suzanne Byrne
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Tahel Ronel
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Tom Peacock
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Andreas Mayer
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Aneesh Chandran
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Joshua Rosenheim
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Matthew Whelan
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Xuan Yao
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Guihai Liu
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Suet Ling Felce
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Tao Dong
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Julian C Knight
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Francois Balloux
- UCL Genetics Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Erez Greenstein
- Department of Systems Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Shlomit Reich-Zeliger
- Department of Systems Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Corinna Pade
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Joseph M Gibbons
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Amanda Semper
- UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JG, UK
| | - Tim Brooks
- UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JG, UK
| | - Ashley Otter
- UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JG, UK
| | - Daniel M Altmann
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BX, UK
| | - Rosemary J Boyton
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
- Lung Division, Royal Brompton Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Mala K Maini
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Aine McKnight
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Charlotte Manisty
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Thomas A Treibel
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - James C Moon
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Mahdad Noursadeghi
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Benny Chain
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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7
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Milojkovic D, Reynolds CJ, Sandoval DM, Pieper FP, Liu S, Pade C, Gibbons JM, McKnight Á, Loaiza S, Palanicawander R, Innes AJ, Claudiani S, Apperley JF, Altmann DM, Boyton RJ. COVID-19 vaccine boosted immunity against Omicron in chronic myeloid leukemia patients treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Leukemia 2023; 37:244-247. [PMID: 36528708 PMCID: PMC9758679 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-022-01787-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dragana Milojkovic
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | | | | | - Siyi Liu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Corinna Pade
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Joseph M Gibbons
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Áine McKnight
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Jane F Apperley
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Daniel M Altmann
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Rosemary J Boyton
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK.
- Lung Division, Royal Brompton Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
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8
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Doykov I, Baldwin T, Spiewak J, Gilmour KC, Gibbons JM, Pade C, Reynolds CJ, Áine McKnight, Noursadeghi M, Maini MK, Manisty C, Treibel T, Captur G, Fontana M, Boyton RJ, Altmann DM, Brooks T, Semper A, Moon JC, Kevin Mills, Heywood WE, Abiodun A, Alfarih M, Alldis Z, Altmann DM, Amin OE, Andiapen M, Artico J, Augusto JB, Baca GL, Bailey SN, Bhuva AN, Boulter A, Bowles R, Boyton RJ, Bracken OV, O’Brien B, Brooks T, Bullock N, Butler DK, Captur G, Carr O, Champion N, Chan C, Chandran A, Coleman T, Couto de Sousa J, Couto-Parada X, Cross E, Cutino-Moguel T, D’Arcangelo S, Davies RH, Douglas B, Di Genova C, Dieobi-Anene K, Diniz MO, Ellis A, Feehan K, Finlay M, Fontana M, Forooghi N, Francis S, Gibbons JM, Gillespie D, Gilroy D, Hamblin M, Harker G, Hemingway G, Hewson J, Heywood W, Hickling LM, Hicks B, Hingorani AD, Howes L, Itua I, Jardim V, Lee WYJ, Jensen M, Jones J, Jones M, Joy G, Kapil V, Kelly C, Kurdi H, Lambourne J, Lin KM, Liu S, Lloyd A, Louth S, Maini MK, Mandadapu V, Manisty C, McKnight Á, Menacho K, Mfuko C, Mills K, Millward S, Mitchelmore O, Moon C, Moon J, Sandoval DM, Murray SM, Noursadeghi M, Otter A, Pade C, Palma S, Parker R, Patel K, Pawarova M, Petersen SE, Piniera B, Pieper FP, Rannigan L, Rapala A, Reynolds CJ, Richards A, Robathan M, Rosenheim J, Rowe C, Royds M, West JS, Sambile G, Schmidt NM, Selman H, Semper A, Seraphim A, Simion M, Smit A, Sugimoto M, Swadling L, Taylor S, Temperton N, Thomas S, Thornton GD, Treibel TA, Tucker A, Varghese A, Veerapen J, Vijayakumar M, Warner T, Welch S, White H, Wodehouse T, Wynne L, Zahedi D. Quantitative, multiplexed, targeted proteomics for ascertaining variant specific SARS-CoV-2 antibody response. Cell Rep Methods 2022; 2:100279. [PMID: 35975199 PMCID: PMC9372021 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2022.100279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Determining the protection an individual has to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants of concern (VoCs) is crucial for future immune surveillance, vaccine development, and understanding of the changing immune response. We devised an informative assay to current ELISA-based serology using multiplexed, baited, targeted proteomics for direct detection of multiple proteins in the SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike antibody immunocomplex. Serum from individuals collected after infection or first- and second-dose vaccination demonstrates this approach and shows concordance with existing serology and neutralization. Our assays show altered responses of both immunoglobulins and complement to the Alpha (B.1.1.7), Beta (B.1.351), and Delta (B.1.617.1) VoCs and a reduced response to Omicron (B1.1.1529). We were able to identify individuals who had prior infection, and observed that C1q is closely associated with IgG1 (r > 0.82) and may better reflect neutralization to VoCs. Analyzing additional immunoproteins beyond immunoglobulin (Ig) G, provides important information about our understanding of the response to infection and vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Doykov
- Translational Mass Spectrometry Research Group, Genetics & Genomic Medicine Department, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK.,Great Ormond Street Biomedical Research Centre, UCL Institute of Child Health London
| | - Tomas Baldwin
- Translational Mass Spectrometry Research Group, Genetics & Genomic Medicine Department, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Justyna Spiewak
- Translational Mass Spectrometry Research Group, Genetics & Genomic Medicine Department, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Kimberly C Gilmour
- Great Ormond Street Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Great Ormond Street, London WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - Joseph M Gibbons
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Corinna Pade
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | | | - Áine McKnight
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Mahdad Noursadeghi
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mala K Maini
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Charlotte Manisty
- St. Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK.,Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Thomas Treibel
- St. Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK.,Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Gabriella Captur
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK.,Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, Pond Street, London NW3 2QG, UK
| | - Marianna Fontana
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK.,Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, Pond Street, London NW3 2QG, UK
| | - Rosemary J Boyton
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Lung Division, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Daniel M Altmann
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Tim Brooks
- UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, UK
| | | | | | - James C Moon
- St. Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK.,Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Kevin Mills
- Translational Mass Spectrometry Research Group, Genetics & Genomic Medicine Department, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK.,Great Ormond Street Biomedical Research Centre, UCL Institute of Child Health London
| | - Wendy E Heywood
- Translational Mass Spectrometry Research Group, Genetics & Genomic Medicine Department, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK.,Great Ormond Street Biomedical Research Centre, UCL Institute of Child Health London
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9
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Jolliffe DA, Vivaldi G, Chambers ES, Cai W, Li W, Faustini SE, Gibbons JM, Pade C, Coussens AK, Richter AG, McKnight Á, Martineau AR. Vitamin D Supplementation Does Not Influence SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Efficacy or Immunogenicity: Sub-Studies Nested within the CORONAVIT Randomised Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2022; 14:3821. [PMID: 36145196 PMCID: PMC9506404 DOI: 10.3390/nu14183821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency has been reported to associate with the impaired development of antigen-specific responses following vaccination. We aimed to determine whether vitamin D supplements might boost the immunogenicity and efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination by conducting three sub-studies nested within the CORONAVIT randomised controlled trial, which investigated the effects of offering vitamin D supplements at a dose of 800 IU/day or 3200 IU/day vs. no offer on risk of acute respiratory infections in UK adults with circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations <75 nmol/L. Sub-study 1 (n = 2808) investigated the effects of vitamin D supplementation on the risk of breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection following two doses of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. Sub-study 2 (n = 1853) investigated the effects of vitamin D supplementation on titres of combined IgG, IgA and IgM (IgGAM) anti-Spike antibodies in eluates of dried blood spots collected after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Sub-study 3 (n = 100) investigated the effects of vitamin D supplementation on neutralising antibody and cellular responses in venous blood samples collected after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. In total, 1945/2808 (69.3%) sub-study 1 participants received two doses of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (Oxford−AstraZeneca); the remainder received two doses of BNT162b2 (Pfizer). Mean follow-up 25(OH)D concentrations were significantly elevated in the 800 IU/day vs. no-offer group (82.5 vs. 53.6 nmol/L; mean difference 28.8 nmol/L, 95% CI 22.8−34.8) and in the 3200 IU/day vs. no offer group (105.4 vs. 53.6 nmol/L; mean difference 51.7 nmol/L, 45.1−58.4). Vitamin D supplementation did not influence the risk of breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection in vaccinated participants (800 IU/day vs. no offer: adjusted hazard ratio 1.28, 95% CI 0.89 to 1.84; 3200 IU/day vs. no offer: 1.17, 0.81 to 1.70). Neither did it influence IgGAM anti-Spike titres, neutralising antibody titres or IFN-γ concentrations in the supernatants of S peptide-stimulated whole blood. In conclusion, vitamin D replacement at a dose of 800 or 3200 IU/day effectively elevated 25(OH)D concentrations, but it did not influence the protective efficacy or immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination when given to adults who had a sub-optimal vitamin D status at baseline.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A. Jolliffe
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AB, UK
| | - Giulia Vivaldi
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AB, UK
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Emma S. Chambers
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Weigang Cai
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Wenhao Li
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Sian E. Faustini
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Joseph M. Gibbons
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Corinna Pade
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Anna K. Coussens
- Infectious Diseases and Immune Defence Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville 3052, Australia
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Alex G. Richter
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Áine McKnight
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Adrian R. Martineau
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AB, UK
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK
- Asthma UK Centre for Applied Research, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AB, UK
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10
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Vivaldi G, Jolliffe DA, Faustini S, Shields AM, Holt H, Perdek N, Talaei M, Tydeman F, Chambers ES, Cai W, Li W, Gibbons JM, Pade C, McKnight Á, Shaheen SO, Richter AG, Martineau AR. Correlation Between Postvaccination Anti-Spike Antibody Titers and Protection Against Breakthrough Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection: A Population-Based Longitudinal Study. J Infect Dis 2022; 226:1903-1908. [PMID: 35906930 PMCID: PMC9384605 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiac321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In this population-based cohort of 7538 adults, combined immunoglobulin (Ig) G, IgA, and IgM (IgG/A/M) anti-spike titers measured after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination were predictive of protection against breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection. Discrimination was significantly improved by adjustment for factors influencing risk of SARS-CoV-2 exposure, including household overcrowding, public transport use, and visits to indoor public places. Anti-spike IgG/A/M titers showed positive correlation with neutralizing antibody titers (rs = 0.80 [95% confidence interval, .72-.86]; P < .001) and S peptide-stimulated interferon-γ concentrations (rs = 0.31 [.13-.47]; P < .001).
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Vivaldi
- Correspondence: Giulia Vivaldi, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, 4 Newark St, London E1 2AT, UK ()
| | | | - Sian Faustini
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian M Shields
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Hayley Holt
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom,Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom,Asthma UK Centre for Applied Research, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Natalia Perdek
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mohammad Talaei
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Florence Tydeman
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom,Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Emma S Chambers
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Weigang Cai
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Wenhao Li
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph M Gibbons
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Corinna Pade
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Áine McKnight
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Seif O Shaheen
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alex G Richter
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian R Martineau
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom,Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom,Asthma UK Centre for Applied Research, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
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11
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Reynolds CJ, Pade C, Gibbons JM, Otter AD, Lin KM, Muñoz Sandoval D, Pieper FP, Butler DK, Liu S, Joy G, Forooghi N, Treibel TA, Manisty C, Moon JC, Semper A, Brooks T, McKnight Á, Altmann DM, Boyton RJ, Abbass H, Abiodun A, Alfarih M, Alldis Z, Altmann DM, Amin OE, Andiapen M, Artico J, Augusto JB, Baca GL, Bailey SNL, Bhuva AN, Boulter A, Bowles R, Boyton RJ, Bracken OV, O'Brien B, Brooks T, Bullock N, Butler DK, Captur G, Carr O, Champion N, Chan C, Chandran A, Coleman T, Couto de Sousa J, Couto-Parada X, Cross E, Cutino-Moguel T, D'Arcangelo S, Davies RH, Douglas B, Di Genova C, Dieobi-Anene K, Diniz MO, Ellis A, Feehan K, Finlay M, Fontana M, Forooghi N, Francis S, Gibbons JM, Gillespie D, Gilroy D, Hamblin M, Harker G, Hemingway G, Hewson J, Heywood W, Hickling LM, Hicks B, Hingorani AD, Howes L, Itua I, Jardim V, Lee WYJ, Jensen M, Jones J, Jones M, Joy G, Kapil V, Kelly C, Kurdi H, Lambourne J, Lin KM, Liu S, Lloyd A, Louth S, Maini MK, Mandadapu V, Manisty C, McKnight Á, Menacho K, Mfuko C, Mills K, Millward S, Mitchelmore O, Moon C, Moon J, Muñoz Sandoval D, Murray SM, Noursadeghi M, Otter A, Pade C, Palma S, Parker R, Patel K, Pawarova M, Petersen SE, Piniera B, Pieper FP, Rannigan L, Rapala A, Reynolds CJ, Richards A, Robathan M, Rosenheim J, Rowe C, Royds M, Sackville West J, Sambile G, Schmidt NM, Selman H, Semper A, Seraphim A, Simion M, Smit A, Sugimoto M, Swadling L, Taylor S, Temperton N, Thomas S, Thornton GD, Treibel TA, Tucker A, Varghese A, Veerapen J, Vijayakumar M, Warner T, Welch S, White H, Wodehouse T, Wynne L, Zahedi D, Chain B, Moon JC. Immune boosting by B.1.1.529 (Omicron) depends on previous SARS-CoV-2 exposure. Science 2022; 377:eabq1841. [PMID: 35699621 PMCID: PMC9210451 DOI: 10.1126/science.abq1841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 92.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The Omicron, or Pango lineage B.1.1.529, variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) carries multiple spike mutations with high transmissibility and partial neutralizing antibody (nAb) escape. Vaccinated individuals show protection against severe disease, often attributed to primed cellular immunity. We investigated T and B cell immunity against B.1.1.529 in triple BioNTech BNT162b2 messenger RNA-vaccinated health care workers (HCWs) with different SARS-CoV-2 infection histories. B and T cell immunity against previous variants of concern was enhanced in triple-vaccinated individuals, but the magnitude of T and B cell responses against B.1.1.529 spike protein was reduced. Immune imprinting by infection with the earlier B.1.1.7 (Alpha) variant resulted in less durable binding antibody against B.1.1.529. Previously infection-naïve HCWs who became infected during the B.1.1.529 wave showed enhanced immunity against earlier variants but reduced nAb potency and T cell responses against B.1.1.529 itself. Previous Wuhan Hu-1 infection abrogated T cell recognition and any enhanced cross-reactive neutralizing immunity on infection with B.1.1.529.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Corinna Pade
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Joseph M Gibbons
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | | | - Kai-Min Lin
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | | | - David K Butler
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Siyi Liu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - George Joy
- St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Nasim Forooghi
- St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Thomas A Treibel
- St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK.,Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Charlotte Manisty
- St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK.,Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - James C Moon
- St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK.,Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | | | | | | | - Tim Brooks
- UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, UK
| | - Áine McKnight
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Daniel M Altmann
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Rosemary J Boyton
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Lung Division, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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12
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Riddell AC, Kele B, Harris K, Bible J, Murphy M, Dakshina S, Storey N, Owoyemi D, Pade C, Gibbons JM, Harrington D, Alexander E, McKnight Á, Cutino-Moguel T. Generation of Novel Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Variants on the B.1.1.7 Lineage in 3 Patients With Advanced Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Disease. Clin Infect Dis 2022; 75:2016-2018. [PMID: 35616095 PMCID: PMC9213850 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciac409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants is of public health concern in case of vaccine escape. Described are 3 patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 and chronic SARS-CoV-2 infection in whom there is evidence of selection and persistence of novel mutations that are associated with increased transmissibility and immune escape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna C Riddell
- Correspondence: A. C. Riddell, Department of Infection, 3rd Floor Pathology and Pharmacy Building, Royal London Hospital, 80 Newark Street, London, UK, E1 2ES ()
| | - Beatrix Kele
- Virology Department, Division of Infection, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kathryn Harris
- Virology Department, Division of Infection, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jon Bible
- Virology Department, Division of Infection, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maurice Murphy
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Subathira Dakshina
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nathaniel Storey
- Microbiology, Virology, and Infection Prevention and Control, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dola Owoyemi
- Virology Department, Division of Infection, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Corinna Pade
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph M Gibbons
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - David Harrington
- Virology Department, Division of Infection, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eliza Alexander
- Virology Department, Division of Infection, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Áine McKnight
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Teresa Cutino-Moguel
- Virology Department, Division of Infection, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
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13
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Astbury S, Reynolds CJ, Butler DK, Muñoz‐Sandoval DC, Lin K, Pieper FP, Otter A, Kouraki A, Cusin L, Nightingale J, Vijay A, Craxford S, Aithal GP, Tighe PJ, Gibbons JM, Pade C, Joy G, Maini M, Chain B, Semper A, Brooks T, Ollivere BJ, McKnight Á, Noursadeghi M, Treibel TA, Manisty C, Moon JC, Valdes AM, Boyton RJ, Altmann DM. HLA-DR polymorphism in SARS-CoV-2 infection and susceptibility to symptomatic COVID-19. Immunology 2022; 166:68-77. [PMID: 35156709 PMCID: PMC9111350 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection results in different outcomes ranging from asymptomatic infection to mild or severe disease and death. Reasons for this diversity of outcome include differences in challenge dose, age, gender, comorbidity and host genomic variation. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) polymorphisms may influence immune response and disease outcome. We investigated the association of HLAII alleles with case definition symptomatic COVID-19, virus-specific antibody and T-cell immunity. A total of 1364 UK healthcare workers (HCWs) were recruited during the first UK SARS-CoV-2 wave and analysed longitudinally, encompassing regular PCR screening for infection, symptom reporting, imputation of HLAII genotype and analysis for antibody and T-cell responses to nucleoprotein (N) and spike (S). Of 272 (20%) HCW who seroconverted, the presence of HLA-DRB1*13:02 was associated with a 6·7-fold increased risk of case definition symptomatic COVID-19. In terms of immune responsiveness, HLA-DRB1*15:02 was associated with lower nucleocapsid T-cell responses. There was no association between DRB1 alleles and anti-spike antibody titres after two COVID vaccine doses. However, HLA DRB1*15:01 was associated with increased spike T-cell responses following both first and second dose vaccination. Trial registration: NCT04318314 and ISRCTN15677965.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart Astbury
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research CentreNottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and the University of NottinghamNottinghamUK
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases CentreSchool of MedicineUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK
| | | | - David K. Butler
- Department of Infectious DiseaseImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | | | - Kai‐Min Lin
- Department of Infectious DiseaseImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | | | - Ashley Otter
- National Infection ServicePublic Health EnglandPorton DownUK
| | - Afroditi Kouraki
- Division of Rheumatology, Orthopaedics and DermatologySchool of MedicineUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK
| | - Lola Cusin
- School of Life SciencesUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK
| | - Jessica Nightingale
- Division of Rheumatology, Orthopaedics and DermatologySchool of MedicineUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK
| | - Amrita Vijay
- Division of Rheumatology, Orthopaedics and DermatologySchool of MedicineUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK
| | - Simon Craxford
- Division of Rheumatology, Orthopaedics and DermatologySchool of MedicineUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK
| | - Guruprasad P. Aithal
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research CentreNottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and the University of NottinghamNottinghamUK
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases CentreSchool of MedicineUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK
| | | | - Joseph M. Gibbons
- Barts and the London School of Medicine and DentistryBlizard InstituteQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Corinna Pade
- Barts and the London School of Medicine and DentistryBlizard InstituteQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | - George Joy
- Barts Heart CentreSt. Bartholomew's HospitalLondonUK
| | - Mala Maini
- Division of Infection and ImmunityUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Benny Chain
- Division of Infection and ImmunityUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Amanda Semper
- National Infection ServicePublic Health EnglandPorton DownUK
| | - Timothy Brooks
- National Infection ServicePublic Health EnglandPorton DownUK
| | - Benjamin J. Ollivere
- Division of Rheumatology, Orthopaedics and DermatologySchool of MedicineUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK
| | - Áine McKnight
- Barts and the London School of Medicine and DentistryBlizard InstituteQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | | | - Thomas A. Treibel
- Barts Heart CentreSt. Bartholomew's HospitalLondonUK
- Institute of Cardiovascular SciencesUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Charlotte Manisty
- Barts Heart CentreSt. Bartholomew's HospitalLondonUK
- Institute of Cardiovascular SciencesUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - James C. Moon
- Barts Heart CentreSt. Bartholomew's HospitalLondonUK
- Institute of Cardiovascular SciencesUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Ana M. Valdes
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research CentreNottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and the University of NottinghamNottinghamUK
- Division of Rheumatology, Orthopaedics and DermatologySchool of MedicineUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK
| | - Rosemary J. Boyton
- Department of Infectious DiseaseImperial College LondonLondonUK
- Lung DivisionRoyal Brompton and Harefield HospitalsGuy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | - Daniel M. Altmann
- Department of Immunology and InflammationImperial College LondonLondonUK
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14
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Chandran A, Rosenheim J, Nageswaran G, Swadling L, Pollara G, Gupta RK, Burton AR, Guerra-Assunção JA, Woolston A, Ronel T, Pade C, Gibbons JM, Sanz-Magallon Duque De Estrada B, Robert de Massy M, Whelan M, Semper A, Brooks T, Altmann DM, Boyton RJ, McKnight Á, Captur G, Manisty C, Treibel TA, Moon JC, Tomlinson GS, Maini MK, Chain BM, Noursadeghi M. Rapid synchronous type 1 IFN and virus-specific T cell responses characterize first wave non-severe SARS-CoV-2 infections. Cell Rep Med 2022; 3:100557. [PMID: 35474751 PMCID: PMC8895494 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Effective control of SARS-CoV-2 infection on primary exposure may reveal correlates of protective immunity to future variants, but we lack insights into immune responses before or at the time virus is first detected. We use blood transcriptomics, multiparameter flow cytometry, and T cell receptor (TCR) sequencing spanning the time of incident non-severe infection in unvaccinated virus-naive individuals to identify rapid type 1 interferon (IFN) responses common to other acute respiratory viruses and cell proliferation responses that discriminate SARS-CoV-2 from other viruses. These peak by the time the virus is first detected and sometimes precede virus detection. Cell proliferation is most evident in CD8 T cells and associated with specific expansion of SARS-CoV-2-reactive TCRs, in contrast to virus-specific antibodies, which lag by 1-2 weeks. Our data support a protective role for early type 1 IFN and CD8 T cell responses, with implications for development of universal T cell vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneesh Chandran
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Joshua Rosenheim
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Gayathri Nageswaran
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Leo Swadling
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Gabriele Pollara
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Rishi K. Gupta
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Alice R. Burton
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | | | - Annemarie Woolston
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Tahel Ronel
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Corinna Pade
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Joseph M. Gibbons
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | | | - Marc Robert de Massy
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Matthew Whelan
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Amanda Semper
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JQ, UK
| | - Tim Brooks
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JQ, UK
| | - Daniel M. Altmann
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BX, UK
| | - Rosemary J. Boyton
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BX, UK
- Lung Division, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, Guy’s and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Áine McKnight
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Gabriella Captur
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Charlotte Manisty
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | | | - James C. Moon
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Gillian S. Tomlinson
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Mala K. Maini
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Benjamin M. Chain
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Mahdad Noursadeghi
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - COVIDsortium Investigators
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JQ, UK
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BX, UK
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BX, UK
- Lung Division, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, Guy’s and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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15
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Usai C, Gibbons JM, Pade C, Li W, Jacobs SRM, McKnight Á, Kennedy PTF, Gill US. The β-NGF/TrkA Signalling Pathway Is Associated With the Production of Anti-Nucleoprotein IgG in Convalescent COVID-19. Front Immunol 2022; 12:813300. [PMID: 35095908 PMCID: PMC8795736 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.813300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The presentation of SARS-CoV-2 infection varies from asymptomatic to severe COVID-19. Similarly, high variability in the presence, titre and duration of specific antibodies has been reported. While some host factors determining these differences, such as age and ethnicity have been identified, the underlying molecular mechanisms underpinning these differences remain poorly defined. Methods We analysed serum and PBMC from 17 subjects with a previous PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection and 10 unexposed volunteers following the first wave of the pandemic, in the UK. Anti-NP IgG and neutralising antibodies were measured, as well as a panel of infection and inflammation related cytokines. The virus-specific T cell response was determined by IFN-γ ELISPOT and flow cytometry after overnight incubation of PBMCs with pools of selected SARS-CoV-2 specific peptides. Results Seven of 17 convalescent subjects had undetectable levels of anti-NP IgG, and a positive correlation was shown between anti-NP IgG levels and the titre of neutralising antibodies (IC50). In contrast, a discrepancy was noted between antibody levels and T cell IFN-γ production by ELISpot following stimulation with specific peptides. Among the analysed cytokines, β-NGF and IL-1α levels were significantly different between anti-NP positive and negative subjects, and only β-NGF significantly correlated with anti-NP positivity. Interestingly, CD4+ T cells of anti-NP negative subjects expressed lower amounts of the β-NGF-specific receptor TrkA. Conclusions Our results suggest that the β-NGF/TrkA signalling pathway is associated with the production of anti-NP specific antibody in mild SARS-CoV-2 infection and the mechanistic regulation of this pathway in COVID-19 requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Usai
- Centre for Immunobiology, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph M Gibbons
- Centre for Immunobiology, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Corinna Pade
- Centre for Immunobiology, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Wenhao Li
- Centre for Immunobiology, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.,Barts Health National Health Service (NHS) Trust, The Royal London Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sabina R M Jacobs
- Centre for Immunobiology, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Áine McKnight
- Centre for Immunobiology, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick T F Kennedy
- Centre for Immunobiology, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.,Barts Health National Health Service (NHS) Trust, The Royal London Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Upkar S Gill
- Centre for Immunobiology, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.,Barts Health National Health Service (NHS) Trust, The Royal London Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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16
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Reynolds CJ, Gibbons JM, Pade C, Lin KM, Sandoval DM, Pieper F, Butler DK, Liu S, Otter AD, Joy G, Menacho K, Fontana M, Smit A, Kele B, Cutino-Moguel T, Maini MK, Noursadeghi M, Brooks T, Semper A, Manisty C, Treibel TA, Moon JC, McKnight Á, Altmann DM, Boyton RJ. Heterologous infection and vaccination shapes immunity against SARS-CoV-2 variants. Science 2022; 375:183-192. [PMID: 34855510 PMCID: PMC10186585 DOI: 10.1126/science.abm0811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The impact of the initial severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infecting strain on downstream immunity to heterologous variants of concern (VOCs) is unknown. Studying a longitudinal healthcare worker cohort, we found that after three antigen exposures (infection plus two vaccine doses), S1 antibody, memory B cells, and heterologous neutralization of B.1.351, P.1, and B.1.617.2 plateaued, whereas B.1.1.7 neutralization and spike T cell responses increased. Serology using the Wuhan Hu-1 spike receptor binding domain poorly predicted neutralizing immunity against VOCs. Neutralization potency against VOCs changed with heterologous virus encounter and number of antigen exposures. Neutralization potency fell differentially depending on targeted VOCs over the 5 months from the second vaccine dose. Heterologous combinations of spike encountered during infection and vaccination shape subsequent cross-protection against VOC, with implications for future-proof next-generation vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joseph M. Gibbons
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Corinna Pade
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Kai-Min Lin
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Franziska Pieper
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - David K. Butler
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Siyi Liu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - George Joy
- St. Bartholomew’s Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Katia Menacho
- St. Bartholomew’s Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | | | | | - Beatrix Kele
- St. Bartholomew’s Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Mala K. Maini
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mahdad Noursadeghi
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - COVIDsortium Immune Correlates Network‡
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, UK
- St. Bartholomew’s Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
- Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Lung Division, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Tim Brooks
- UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, UK
| | | | - Charlotte Manisty
- St. Bartholomew’s Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Thomas A. Treibel
- St. Bartholomew’s Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - James C. Moon
- St. Bartholomew’s Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - COVIDsortium Investigators‡
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, UK
- St. Bartholomew’s Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
- Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Lung Division, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Áine McKnight
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Daniel M. Altmann
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Rosemary J. Boyton
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Lung Division, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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17
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Swadling L, Diniz MO, Schmidt NM, Amin OE, Chandran A, Shaw E, Pade C, Gibbons JM, Le Bert N, Tan AT, Jeffery-Smith A, Tan CCS, Tham CYL, Kucykowicz S, Aidoo-Micah G, Rosenheim J, Davies J, Johnson M, Jensen MP, Joy G, McCoy LE, Valdes AM, Chain BM, Goldblatt D, Altmann DM, Boyton RJ, Manisty C, Treibel TA, Moon JC, van Dorp L, Balloux F, McKnight Á, Noursadeghi M, Bertoletti A, Maini MK. Pre-existing polymerase-specific T cells expand in abortive seronegative SARS-CoV-2. Nature 2022; 601:110-117. [PMID: 34758478 PMCID: PMC8732273 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-04186-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 114.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Individuals with potential exposure to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) do not necessarily develop PCR or antibody positivity, suggesting that some individuals may clear subclinical infection before seroconversion. T cells can contribute to the rapid clearance of SARS-CoV-2 and other coronavirus infections1-3. Here we hypothesize that pre-existing memory T cell responses, with cross-protective potential against SARS-CoV-2 (refs. 4-11), would expand in vivo to support rapid viral control, aborting infection. We measured SARS-CoV-2-reactive T cells, including those against the early transcribed replication-transcription complex (RTC)12,13, in intensively monitored healthcare workers (HCWs) who tested repeatedly negative according to PCR, antibody binding and neutralization assays (seronegative HCWs (SN-HCWs)). SN-HCWs had stronger, more multispecific memory T cells compared with a cohort of unexposed individuals from before the pandemic (prepandemic cohort), and these cells were more frequently directed against the RTC than the structural-protein-dominated responses observed after detectable infection (matched concurrent cohort). SN-HCWs with the strongest RTC-specific T cells had an increase in IFI27, a robust early innate signature of SARS-CoV-2 (ref. 14), suggesting abortive infection. RNA polymerase within RTC was the largest region of high sequence conservation across human seasonal coronaviruses (HCoV) and SARS-CoV-2 clades. RNA polymerase was preferentially targeted (among the regions tested) by T cells from prepandemic cohorts and SN-HCWs. RTC-epitope-specific T cells that cross-recognized HCoV variants were identified in SN-HCWs. Enriched pre-existing RNA-polymerase-specific T cells expanded in vivo to preferentially accumulate in the memory response after putative abortive compared to overt SARS-CoV-2 infection. Our data highlight RTC-specific T cells as targets for vaccines against endemic and emerging Coronaviridae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo Swadling
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Mariana O Diniz
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Nathalie M Schmidt
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Oliver E Amin
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Aneesh Chandran
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Emily Shaw
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Corinna Pade
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Joseph M Gibbons
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Nina Le Bert
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anthony T Tan
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anna Jeffery-Smith
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Cedric C S Tan
- UCL Genetics Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Christine Y L Tham
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | - Joshua Rosenheim
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jessica Davies
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Marina Johnson
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University College London, London, UK
| | - Melanie P Jensen
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Northwest London Pathology, Imperial College London NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - George Joy
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Laura E McCoy
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ana M Valdes
- Academic Rheumatology, Clinical Sciences, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, UK
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Benjamin M Chain
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - David Goldblatt
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University College London, London, UK
| | - Daniel M Altmann
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Rosemary J Boyton
- Department of Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Lung Division, Royal Brompton & Harefield Hospitals, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Charlotte Manisty
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Thomas A Treibel
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - James C Moon
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Lucy van Dorp
- UCL Genetics Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Áine McKnight
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Mahdad Noursadeghi
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Antonio Bertoletti
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Immunology Network, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mala K Maini
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK.
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18
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Reynolds CJ, Pade C, Gibbons JM, Butler DK, Otter AD, Menacho K, Fontana M, Smit A, Sackville-West JE, Cutino-Moguel T, Maini MK, Chain B, Noursadeghi M, Brooks T, Semper A, Manisty C, Treibel TA, Moon JC, Valdes AM, McKnight Á, Altmann DM, Boyton R. Prior SARS-CoV-2 infection rescues B and T cell responses to variants after first vaccine dose. Science 2021; 372:eabh1282. [PMID: 33931567 PMCID: PMC8168614 DOI: 10.1126/science.abh1282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 vaccine rollout has coincided with the spread of variants of concern. We investigated if single dose vaccination, with or without prior infection, confers cross protective immunity to variants. We analyzed T and B cell responses after first dose vaccination with the Pfizer/BioNTech mRNA vaccine BNT162b2 in healthcare workers (HCW) followed longitudinally, with or without prior Wuhan-Hu-1 SARS-CoV-2 infection. After one dose, individuals with prior infection showed enhanced T cell immunity, antibody secreting memory B cell response to spike and neutralizing antibodies effective against B.1.1.7 and B.1.351. By comparison, HCW receiving one vaccine dose without prior infection showed reduced immunity against variants. B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 spike mutations resulted in increased, abrogated or unchanged T cell responses depending on human leukocyte antigen (HLA) polymorphisms. Single dose vaccination with BNT162b2 in the context of prior infection with a heterologous variant substantially enhances neutralizing antibody responses against variants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Corinna Pade
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Joseph M Gibbons
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - David K Butler
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Ashley D Otter
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, UK
| | - Katia Menacho
- St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Marianna Fontana
- Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | | | | | | | - Mala K Maini
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Benjamin Chain
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mahdad Noursadeghi
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Tim Brooks
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, UK
| | - Amanda Semper
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, UK
| | - Charlotte Manisty
- St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Thomas A Treibel
- St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - James C Moon
- St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ana M Valdes
- Academic Rheumatology, Clinical Sciences, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, UK
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Áine McKnight
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Daniel M Altmann
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Rosemary Boyton
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK.
- Lung Division, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, London, UK
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19
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Reynolds CJ, Swadling L, Gibbons JM, Pade C, Jensen MP, Diniz MO, Schmidt NM, Butler DK, Amin OE, Bailey SNL, Murray SM, Pieper FP, Taylor S, Jones J, Jones M, Lee WYJ, Rosenheim J, Chandran A, Joy G, Di Genova C, Temperton N, Lambourne J, Cutino-Moguel T, Andiapen M, Fontana M, Smit A, Semper A, O'Brien B, Chain B, Brooks T, Manisty C, Treibel T, Moon JC, Noursadeghi M, Altmann DM, Maini MK, McKnight Á, Boyton RJ. Discordant neutralizing antibody and T cell responses in asymptomatic and mild SARS-CoV-2 infection. Sci Immunol 2021; 5:5/54/eabf3698. [PMID: 33361161 PMCID: PMC8101131 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abf3698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the nature of immunity following mild/asymptomatic infection with SARS-CoV-2 is crucial to controlling the pandemic. We analyzed T cell and neutralizing antibody responses in 136 healthcare workers (HCW) 16-18 weeks after United Kingdom lockdown, 76 of whom had mild/asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection captured by serial sampling. Neutralizing antibodies (nAb) were present in 89% of previously infected HCW. T cell responses tended to be lower following asymptomatic infection than in those reporting case-definition symptoms of COVID-19, while nAb titers were maintained irrespective of symptoms. T cell and antibody responses were sometimes discordant. Eleven percent lacked nAb and had undetectable T cell responses to spike protein but had T cells reactive with other SARS-CoV-2 antigens. Our findings suggest that the majority of individuals with mild or asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection carry nAb complemented by multispecific T cell responses at 16-18 weeks after mild or asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leo Swadling
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Joseph M Gibbons
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Corinna Pade
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Melanie P Jensen
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Mariana O Diniz
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Nathalie M Schmidt
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - David K Butler
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Oliver E Amin
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sasha N L Bailey
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Sam M Murray
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Stephen Taylor
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, UK
| | - Jessica Jones
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, UK
| | - Meleri Jones
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.,Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Wing-Yiu Jason Lee
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Joshua Rosenheim
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Aneesh Chandran
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - George Joy
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Cecilia Di Genova
- Viral Pseudotype Unit, Medway School of Pharmacy, Chatham Maritime, Kent, UK
| | - Nigel Temperton
- Viral Pseudotype Unit, Medway School of Pharmacy, Chatham Maritime, Kent, UK
| | | | | | - Mervyn Andiapen
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | | | | | - Amanda Semper
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, UK
| | - Ben O'Brien
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK.,William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.,German Heart Centre and Charité University, Berlin, Germany
| | - Benjamin Chain
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Tim Brooks
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, UK
| | - Charlotte Manisty
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK.,Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, UK
| | - Thomas Treibel
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK.,Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, UK
| | - James C Moon
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK.,Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, UK
| | | | - Mahdad Noursadeghi
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Daniel M Altmann
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Mala K Maini
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Áine McKnight
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Rosemary J Boyton
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK. .,Lung Division, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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20
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Treibel TA, Manisty C, Andiapen M, Pade C, Jensen M, Fontana M, Couto-Parada X, Cutino-Moguel T, Noursadeghi M, Moon JC. Asymptomatic health-care worker screening during the COVID-19 pandemic - Authors' reply. Lancet 2020; 396:1394-1395. [PMID: 33129388 PMCID: PMC7598568 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)32211-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Treibel
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK; Department of Cardiology, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London EC1A 7BE, UK
| | - Charlotte Manisty
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK; Department of Cardiology, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London EC1A 7BE, UK
| | - Mervyn Andiapen
- Centre for Cardiovascular Medicine and Devices, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Corinna Pade
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK; The Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Melanie Jensen
- Department of Cardiology, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London EC1A 7BE, UK
| | - Marianna Fontana
- National Amyloidosis Centre, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK; Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Xosé Couto-Parada
- Department of Virology, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London EC1A 7BE, UK
| | - Teresa Cutino-Moguel
- Department of Virology, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London EC1A 7BE, UK
| | - Mahdad Noursadeghi
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - James C Moon
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK; Department of Cardiology, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London EC1A 7BE, UK.
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21
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Augusto JB, Menacho K, Andiapen M, Bowles R, Burton M, Welch S, Bhuva AN, Seraphim A, Pade C, Joy G, Jensen M, Davies RH, Captur G, Fontana M, Montgomery H, O’Brien B, Hingorani AD, Cutino-Moguel T, McKnight Á, Abbass H, Alfarih M, Alldis Z, Baca GL, Boulter A, Bracken OV, Bullock N, Champion N, Chan C, Couto-Parada X, Dieobi-Anene K, Feehan K, Figtree G, Figtree MC, Finlay M, Forooghi N, Gibbons JM, Griffiths P, Hamblin M, Howes L, Itua I, Jones M, Jardim V, Kapil V, Jason Lee WY, Mandadapu V, Mfuko C, Mitchelmore O, Palma S, Patel K, Petersen SE, Piniera B, Raine R, Rapala A, Richards A, Sambile G, Couto de Sousa J, Sugimoto M, Thornton GD, Artico J, Zahedi D, Parker R, Robathan M, Hickling LM, Ntusi N, Semper A, Brooks T, Jones J, Tucker A, Veerapen J, Vijayakumar M, Wodehouse T, Wynne L, Treibel TA, Noursadeghi M, Manisty C, Moon JC. Healthcare Workers Bioresource: Study outline and baseline characteristics of a prospective healthcare worker cohort to study immune protection and pathogenesis in COVID-19. Wellcome Open Res 2020; 5:179. [PMID: 33537459 PMCID: PMC7836029 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16051.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Most biomedical research has focused on sampling COVID-19 patients presenting to hospital with advanced disease, with less focus on the asymptomatic or paucisymptomatic. We established a bioresource with serial sampling of health care workers (HCWs) designed to obtain samples before and during mainly mild disease, with follow-up sampling to evaluate the quality and duration of immune memory. Methods: We conducted a prospective study on HCWs from three hospital sites in London, initially at a single centre (recruited just prior to first peak community transmission in London), but then extended to multiple sites 3 weeks later (recruitment still ongoing, target n=1,000). Asymptomatic participants attending work complete a health questionnaire, and provide a nasal swab (for SARS-CoV-2 RNA by RT-PCR tests) and blood samples (mononuclear cells, serum, plasma, RNA and DNA are biobanked) at 16 weekly study visits, and at 6 and 12 months. Results: Preliminary baseline results for the first 731 HCWs (400 single-centre, 331 multicentre extension) are presented. Mean age was 38±11 years; 67% are female, 31% nurses, 20% doctors, and 19% work in intensive care units. COVID-19-associated risk factors were: 37% black, Asian or minority ethnicities; 18% smokers; 13% obesity; 11% asthma; 7% hypertension and 2% diabetes mellitus. At baseline, 41% reported symptoms in the preceding 2 weeks. Preliminary test results from the initial cohort (n=400) are available: PCR at baseline for SARS-CoV-2 was positive in 28 of 396 (7.1%, 95% CI 4.9-10.0%) and 15 of 385 (3.9%, 2.4-6.3%) had circulating IgG antibodies. Conclusions: This COVID-19 bioresource established just before the peak of infections in the UK will provide longitudinal assessments of incident infection and immune responses in HCWs through the natural time course of disease and convalescence. The samples and data from this bioresource are available to academic collaborators by application https://covid-consortium.com/application-for-samples/.
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Affiliation(s)
- João B Augusto
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK, London, UK
| | - Katia Menacho
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK, London, UK
| | - Mervyn Andiapen
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK, London, UK
- Centre for Cardiovascular Medicine and Devices, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Ruth Bowles
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK, London, UK
- Centre for Cardiovascular Medicine and Devices, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Maudrian Burton
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK, London, UK
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Sophie Welch
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK, London, UK
| | - Anish N Bhuva
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK, London, UK
| | - Andreas Seraphim
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK, London, UK
| | - Corinna Pade
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- The Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK
| | - George Joy
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK, London, UK
| | - Melanie Jensen
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK, London, UK
| | - Rhodri H Davies
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK, London, UK
| | - Gabriella Captur
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
- Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, University College London, London, UK
| | - Marianna Fontana
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
- Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Hugh Montgomery
- Centre for Human Health and Performance, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ben O’Brien
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK, London, UK
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Aroon D Hingorani
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Áine McKnight
- The Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK
| | - Hakam Abbass
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK, London, UK
| | - Mashael Alfarih
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK, London, UK
| | - Zoe Alldis
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK, London, UK
| | - Georgina L Baca
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK, London, UK
| | - Alex Boulter
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK, London, UK
| | | | - Natalie Bullock
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK, London, UK
| | - Nicola Champion
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK, London, UK
| | - Carmen Chan
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK, London, UK
| | | | - Keenan Dieobi-Anene
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK, London, UK
| | - Karen Feehan
- Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Gemma Figtree
- Royal North Shore Hospital; The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Melanie C Figtree
- Royal North Shore Hospital; The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Malcolm Finlay
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK, London, UK
| | - Nasim Forooghi
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK, London, UK
| | - Joseph M Gibbons
- The Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK
| | - Peter Griffiths
- School of Health Sciences, University of Southampton & NIHR Applied Research Collaboration (ARC), Wessex, UK
| | - Matt Hamblin
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK, London, UK
| | - Lee Howes
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ivie Itua
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK, London, UK
| | - Meleri Jones
- Wolfson Institute of Preventative Medicine, Centre for Cancer Prevention, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Victor Jardim
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK, London, UK
| | - Vikas Kapil
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK, London, UK
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Wing-Yiu Jason Lee
- The Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK
| | - Vineela Mandadapu
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK, London, UK
| | - Celina Mfuko
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK, London, UK
| | - Oliver Mitchelmore
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK, London, UK
| | - Susana Palma
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK, London, UK
| | - Kush Patel
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK, London, UK
| | - Steffen E Petersen
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK, London, UK
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Brian Piniera
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK, London, UK
| | - Rosalind Raine
- Department of Applied Health Research, University College London, London, UK
| | - Alicja Rapala
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Amy Richards
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK, London, UK
| | - Genine Sambile
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK, London, UK
| | - Jorge Couto de Sousa
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK, London, UK
| | | | - George D Thornton
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK, London, UK
| | - Jessica Artico
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK, London, UK
| | - Dan Zahedi
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ruth Parker
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mathew Robathan
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Lauren M Hickling
- East London NHS Foundation Trust Unit for Social and Community Psychiatry, Newham Centre for Mental Health, London, UK
| | - Ntobeko Ntusi
- Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town and Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | | | | | - Art Tucker
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK, London, UK
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Jessry Veerapen
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK, London, UK
| | - Mohit Vijayakumar
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK, London, UK
| | - Theresa Wodehouse
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK, London, UK
| | - Lucinda Wynne
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK, London, UK
| | - Thomas A Treibel
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK, London, UK
| | - Mahdad Noursadeghi
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Charlotte Manisty
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK, London, UK
| | - James C Moon
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK, London, UK
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22
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Augusto JB, Menacho K, Andiapen M, Bowles R, Burton M, Welch S, Bhuva AN, Seraphim A, Pade C, Joy G, Jensen M, Davies RH, Captur G, Fontana M, Montgomery H, O'Brien B, Hingorani AD, Cutino-Moguel T, McKnight Á, Abbass H, Alfarih M, Alldis Z, Baca GL, Boulter A, Bracken OV, Bullock N, Champion N, Chan C, Couto-Parada X, Dieobi-Anene K, Feehan K, Figtree G, Figtree MC, Finlay M, Forooghi N, Gibbons JM, Griffiths P, Hamblin M, Howes L, Itua I, Jones M, Jardim V, Kapil V, Jason Lee WY, Mandadapu V, Mfuko C, Mitchelmore O, Palma S, Patel K, Petersen SE, Piniera B, Raine R, Rapala A, Richards A, Sambile G, Couto de Sousa J, Sugimoto M, Thornton GD, Artico J, Zahedi D, Parker R, Robathan M, Hickling LM, Ntusi N, Semper A, Brooks T, Jones J, Tucker A, Veerapen J, Vijayakumar M, Wodehouse T, Wynne L, Treibel TA, Noursadeghi M, Manisty C, Moon JC. Healthcare Workers Bioresource: Study outline and baseline characteristics of a prospective healthcare worker cohort to study immune protection and pathogenesis in COVID-19. Wellcome Open Res 2020; 5:179. [PMID: 33537459 PMCID: PMC7836029 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16051.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Most biomedical research has focused on sampling COVID-19 patients presenting to hospital with advanced disease, with less focus on the asymptomatic or paucisymptomatic. We established a bioresource with serial sampling of health care workers (HCWs) designed to obtain samples before and during mainly mild disease, with follow-up sampling to evaluate the quality and duration of immune memory. Methods: We conducted a prospective study on HCWs from three hospital sites in London, initially at a single centre (recruited just prior to first peak community transmission in London), but then extended to multiple sites 3 weeks later (recruitment still ongoing, target n=1,000). Asymptomatic participants attending work complete a health questionnaire, and provide a nasal swab (for SARS-CoV-2 RNA by RT-PCR tests) and blood samples (mononuclear cells, serum, plasma, RNA and DNA are biobanked) at 16 weekly study visits, and at 6 and 12 months. Results: Preliminary baseline results for the first 731 HCWs (400 single-centre, 331 multicentre extension) are presented. Mean age was 38±11 years; 67% are female, 31% nurses, 20% doctors, and 19% work in intensive care units. COVID-19-associated risk factors were: 37% black, Asian or minority ethnicities; 18% smokers; 13% obesity; 11% asthma; 7% hypertension and 2% diabetes mellitus. At baseline, 41% reported symptoms in the preceding 2 weeks. Preliminary test results from the initial cohort (n=400) are available: PCR at baseline for SARS-CoV-2 was positive in 28 of 396 (7.1%, 95% CI 4.9-10.0%) and 15 of 385 (3.9%, 2.4-6.3%) had circulating IgG antibodies. Conclusions: This COVID-19 bioresource established just before the peak of infections in the UK will provide longitudinal assessments of incident infection and immune responses in HCWs through the natural time course of disease and convalescence. The samples and data from this bioresource are available to academic collaborators by application
https://covid-consortium.com/application-for-samples/.
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Affiliation(s)
- João B Augusto
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK.,Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK, London, UK
| | - Katia Menacho
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK.,Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK, London, UK
| | - Mervyn Andiapen
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK, London, UK.,Centre for Cardiovascular Medicine and Devices, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Ruth Bowles
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK, London, UK.,Centre for Cardiovascular Medicine and Devices, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Maudrian Burton
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK, London, UK.,William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.,NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Sophie Welch
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK, London, UK
| | - Anish N Bhuva
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK.,Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK, London, UK
| | - Andreas Seraphim
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK.,Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK, London, UK
| | - Corinna Pade
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.,The Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK
| | - George Joy
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK.,Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK, London, UK
| | - Melanie Jensen
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK, London, UK
| | - Rhodri H Davies
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK.,Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK, London, UK
| | - Gabriella Captur
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK.,Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, University College London, London, UK
| | - Marianna Fontana
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK.,Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Hugh Montgomery
- Centre for Human Health and Performance, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ben O'Brien
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK, London, UK.,William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Aroon D Hingorani
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Áine McKnight
- The Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK
| | - Hakam Abbass
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK, London, UK
| | - Mashael Alfarih
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK.,Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK, London, UK
| | - Zoe Alldis
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK, London, UK
| | - Georgina L Baca
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK, London, UK
| | - Alex Boulter
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK, London, UK
| | | | - Natalie Bullock
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK, London, UK
| | - Nicola Champion
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK, London, UK
| | - Carmen Chan
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK, London, UK
| | | | - Keenan Dieobi-Anene
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK, London, UK
| | - Karen Feehan
- Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Gemma Figtree
- Royal North Shore Hospital; The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Melanie C Figtree
- Royal North Shore Hospital; The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Malcolm Finlay
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK, London, UK
| | - Nasim Forooghi
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK, London, UK
| | - Joseph M Gibbons
- The Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK
| | - Peter Griffiths
- School of Health Sciences, University of Southampton & NIHR Applied Research Collaboration (ARC), Wessex, UK
| | - Matt Hamblin
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK, London, UK
| | - Lee Howes
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ivie Itua
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK, London, UK
| | - Meleri Jones
- Wolfson Institute of Preventative Medicine, Centre for Cancer Prevention, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Victor Jardim
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK, London, UK
| | - Vikas Kapil
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK, London, UK.,William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Wing-Yiu Jason Lee
- The Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK
| | - Vineela Mandadapu
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK, London, UK
| | - Celina Mfuko
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK, London, UK
| | - Oliver Mitchelmore
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK, London, UK
| | - Susana Palma
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK, London, UK
| | - Kush Patel
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK.,Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK, London, UK
| | - Steffen E Petersen
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK, London, UK.,William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.,NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Brian Piniera
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK, London, UK
| | - Rosalind Raine
- Department of Applied Health Research, University College London, London, UK
| | - Alicja Rapala
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Amy Richards
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK, London, UK
| | - Genine Sambile
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK, London, UK
| | - Jorge Couto de Sousa
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK, London, UK
| | | | - George D Thornton
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK.,Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK, London, UK
| | - Jessica Artico
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK, London, UK
| | - Dan Zahedi
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ruth Parker
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mathew Robathan
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Lauren M Hickling
- East London NHS Foundation Trust Unit for Social and Community Psychiatry, Newham Centre for Mental Health, London, UK
| | - Ntobeko Ntusi
- Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town and Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | | | | | - Art Tucker
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK, London, UK.,William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Jessry Veerapen
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK, London, UK
| | - Mohit Vijayakumar
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK, London, UK
| | - Theresa Wodehouse
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK, London, UK
| | - Lucinda Wynne
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK, London, UK
| | - Thomas A Treibel
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK.,Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK, London, UK
| | - Mahdad Noursadeghi
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Charlotte Manisty
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK.,Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK, London, UK
| | - James C Moon
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK.,Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK, London, UK
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23
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Garcia-Minambres A, Eid SG, Mangan NE, Pade C, Lim SS, Matthews AY, de Weerd NA, Hertzog PJ, Mak J. Interferon epsilon promotes HIV restriction at multiple steps of viral replication. Immunol Cell Biol 2017; 95:478-483. [PMID: 28045025 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2016.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 12/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Interferon epsilon (IFNɛ) is a type I IFN that is expressed constitutively in the female reproductive tract (FRT), and contributes to protection in models of sexually transmitted infections. Using multiple cell systems, including reporter cell lines and activated peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs), we show that recombinant IFNɛ impairs HIV infection at stage(s) post HIV entry and up to the translation of viral proteins. Consistent with this, IFNɛ upregulated a number of host cell restriction factors that block HIV at these stages of the replication cycle. The potency of IFNɛ induction of these HIV restriction factors was comparable to conventional type I IFNs, namely IFNα and IFNβ. IFNɛ also significantly reduced the infectivity of progeny virion particles likely by inducing expression of HIV restriction factors, such as IFITM3, which act at that stage of infection. Thus, our data demonstrate that human IFNɛ suppresses HIV replication at multiple stages of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Garcia-Minambres
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.,CSIRO Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sahar G Eid
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.,CSIRO Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Niamh E Mangan
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Corinna Pade
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.,CSIRO Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - San S Lim
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Antony Y Matthews
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicole A de Weerd
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paul J Hertzog
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Johnson Mak
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.,CSIRO Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
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24
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Pham S, Tabarin T, Garvey M, Pade C, Rossy J, Monaghan P, Hyatt A, Böcking T, Leis A, Gaus K, Mak J. Cryo-electron microscopy and single molecule fluorescent microscopy detect CD4 receptor induced HIV size expansion prior to cell entry. Virology 2015; 486:121-33. [PMID: 26432024 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2015.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Revised: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Viruses are often thought to have static structure, and they only remodel after the viruses have entered target cells. Here, we detected a size expansion of virus particles prior to viral entry using cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) and single molecule fluorescence imaging. HIV expanded both under cell-free conditions with soluble receptor CD4 (sCD4) targeting the CD4 binding site on the HIV-1 envelope protein (Env) and when HIV binds to receptor on cellular membrane. We have shown that the HIV Env is needed to facilitate receptor induced virus size expansions, showing that the 'lynchpin' for size expansion is highly specific. We demonstrate that the size expansion required maturation of HIV and an internal capsid core with wild type stability, suggesting that different HIV compartments are linked and are involved in remodelling. Our work reveals a previously unknown event in HIV entry, and we propose that this pre-entry priming process enables HIV particles to facilitate the subsequent steps in infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Son Pham
- Deakin University, Victoria 3216, Australia; CSIRO Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Victoria 3220, Australia
| | - Thibault Tabarin
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, New South Wales 3220, Australia
| | - Megan Garvey
- Deakin University, Victoria 3216, Australia; CSIRO Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Victoria 3220, Australia
| | - Corinna Pade
- Deakin University, Victoria 3216, Australia; CSIRO Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Victoria 3220, Australia
| | - Jérémie Rossy
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, New South Wales 3220, Australia
| | - Paul Monaghan
- CSIRO Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Victoria 3220, Australia
| | - Alex Hyatt
- CSIRO Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Victoria 3220, Australia
| | - Till Böcking
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, New South Wales 3220, Australia
| | - Andrew Leis
- CSIRO Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Victoria 3220, Australia
| | - Katharina Gaus
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, New South Wales 3220, Australia.
| | - Johnson Mak
- Deakin University, Victoria 3216, Australia; CSIRO Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Victoria 3220, Australia.
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25
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Abstract
All human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) viruses use CD4 to enter cells. Consequently, the viral envelope CD4-binding site (CD4bs) is relatively conserved, making it a logical neutralizing antibody target. It is important to understand how CD4-binding site variation allows for escape from neutralizing antibodies. Alanine scanning mutagenesis identifies residues in antigenic sites, whereas escape mutant selection identifies viable mutants. We selected HIV-1 to escape CD4bs neutralizing mAbs b12, A12 and HJ16. Viruses that escape from A12 and b12 remained susceptible to HJ16, VRC01 and J3, whilst six different viruses that escape HJ16 remained sensitive to A12, b12 and J3. In contrast, their sensitivity to VRC01 was variable. Triple HJ16/A12/b12-resistant virus proved that HIV-1 could escape multiple broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies, but still retain sensitivity to VRC01 and the llama-derived J3 nanobody. This antigenic variability may reflect that occurring in circulating viruses, so studies like this can predict immunologically relevant antigenic forms of the CD4bs for inclusion in HIV-1 vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Dreja
- 1Centre for Immunology and Infectious Disease, Blizard Institute, Barts & The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, UK
| | - Corinna Pade
- 1Centre for Immunology and Infectious Disease, Blizard Institute, Barts & The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, UK
| | - Lei Chen
- 2Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Áine McKnight
- 1Centre for Immunology and Infectious Disease, Blizard Institute, Barts & The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, UK
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26
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Marno KM, Ogunkolade BW, Pade C, Oliveira NMM, O'Sullivan E, McKnight Á. Novel restriction factor RNA-associated early-stage anti-viral factor (REAF) inhibits human and simian immunodeficiency viruses. Retrovirology 2014; 11:3. [PMID: 24410916 PMCID: PMC3895926 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-11-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 11/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The discovery of novel anti-viral restriction factors illuminates unknown aspects of innate sensing and immunity. We identified RNA-associated Early-stage Anti-viral Factor (REAF) using a whole genome siRNA screen for restriction factors to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) that act in the early phase of viral replication. Results We observed more than 50 fold rescue of HIV-1 infection, using a focus forming unit (FFU) assay, following knockdown of REAF by specific siRNA. Quantitative PCR was used to show that REAF knockdown results in an increase of early and late reverse transcripts which impacts the level of integration. REAF thus appears to act at an early stage of the viral life cycle during reverse transcription. Conversely when REAF is over-expressed in target cells less infected cells are detectable and fewer reverse transcripts are produced. Human REAF can also inhibit HIV-2 and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection. REAF associates with viral nucleic acids and may act to prevent reverse transcription. Conclusions This report firmly places REAF alongside APOBECs and SAMHD1 as a potent inhibitor of HIV replication acting early in the replication cycle, just after cell entry. We propose that REAF is part of an anti-viral surveillance system destroying incoming retroviruses. This novel mechanism could apply to invasion of cells by any intracellular pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Áine McKnight
- Centre for Immunology and Infectious Disease, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
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27
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Marno K, Ogunkolade B, Pade C, Oliveira N, O’Sullivan E, McKnight Á. Novel restriction factor RNA-associated early-stage anti-viral factor (REAF) inhibits human and simian immunodeficiency viruses. Retrovirology 2013. [PMCID: PMC3847871 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-10-s1-p57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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28
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Liu L, Oliveira NMM, Cheney KM, Pade C, Dreja H, Bergin AMH, Borgdorff V, Beach DH, Bishop CL, Dittmar MT, McKnight A. A whole genome screen for HIV restriction factors. Retrovirology 2011; 8:94. [PMID: 22082156 PMCID: PMC3228845 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-8-94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2011] [Accepted: 11/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Upon cellular entry retroviruses must avoid innate restriction factors produced by the host cell. For human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) human restriction factors, APOBEC3 (apolipoprotein-B-mRNA-editing-enzyme), p21 and tetherin are well characterised. Results To identify intrinsic resistance factors to HIV-1 replication we screened 19,121 human genes and identified 114 factors with significant inhibition of infection. Those with a known function are involved in a broad spectrum of cellular processes including receptor signalling, vesicle trafficking, transcription, apoptosis, cross-nuclear membrane transport, meiosis, DNA damage repair, ubiquitination and RNA processing. We focused on the PAF1 complex which has been previously implicated in gene transcription, cell cycle control and mRNA surveillance. Knockdown of all members of the PAF1 family of proteins enhanced HIV-1 reverse transcription and integration of provirus. Over-expression of PAF1 in host cells renders them refractory to HIV-1. Simian Immunodeficiency Viruses and HIV-2 are also restricted in PAF1 expressing cells. PAF1 is expressed in primary monocytes, macrophages and T-lymphocytes and we demonstrate strong activity in MonoMac1, a monocyte cell line. Conclusions We propose that the PAF1c establishes an anti-viral state to prevent infection by incoming retroviruses. This previously unrecognised mechanism of restriction could have implications for invasion of cells by any pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- Centre for Immunology and Infectious Disease, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, 4 Newark Street, London E1 2AT, UK
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29
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Dreja H, O'Sullivan E, Pade C, Greene KM, Gao H, Aubin K, Hand J, Isaksen A, D'Souza C, Leber W, Montefiori D, Seaman MS, Anderson J, Orkin C, McKnight A. Neutralization activity in a geographically diverse East London cohort of human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected patients: clade C infection results in a stronger and broader humoral immune response than clade B infection. J Gen Virol 2010; 91:2794-803. [PMID: 20685933 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.024224-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The array of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) subtypes encountered in East London, an area long associated with migration, is unusually heterogeneous, reflecting the diverse geographical origins of the population. In this study it was shown that viral subtypes or clades infecting a sample of HIV type 1 (HIV-1)-positive individuals in East London reflect the global pandemic. The authors studied the humoral response in 210 treatment-naïve chronically HIV-1-infected (>1 year) adult subjects against a panel of 12 viruses from six different clades. Plasmas from individuals infected with clade C, but also plasmas from clade A, and to a lesser degree clade CRF02_AG and CRF01_AE, were significantly more potent at neutralizing the tested viruses compared with plasmas from individuals infected with clade B. The difference in humoral robustness between clade C- and B-infected patients was confirmed in titration studies with an extended panel of clade B and C viruses. These results support the approach to develop an HIV-1 vaccine that includes clade C or A envelope protein (Env) immunogens for the induction of a potent neutralizing humoral response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Dreja
- HIV/AIDS Group, Centre for Immunology and Infectious Disease, The Blizard Institute of Cell and Molecular Science, Barts and The London, Queen Mary's School of Medicine and Dentistry, London E1 2AT, UK
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Corti D, Langedijk JPM, Hinz A, Seaman MS, Vanzetta F, Fernandez-Rodriguez BM, Silacci C, Pinna D, Jarrossay D, Balla-Jhagjhoorsingh S, Willems B, Zekveld MJ, Dreja H, O'Sullivan E, Pade C, Orkin C, Jeffs SA, Montefiori DC, Davis D, Weissenhorn W, McKnight Á, Heeney JL, Sallusto F, Sattentau QJ, Weiss RA, Lanzavecchia A. Analysis of memory B cell responses and isolation of novel monoclonal antibodies with neutralizing breadth from HIV-1-infected individuals. PLoS One 2010; 5:e8805. [PMID: 20098712 PMCID: PMC2808385 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0008805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 372] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2009] [Accepted: 12/09/2009] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The isolation of human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that neutralize a broad spectrum of primary HIV-1 isolates and the characterization of the human neutralizing antibody B cell response to HIV-1 infection are important goals that are central to the design of an effective antibody-based vaccine. METHODS AND FINDINGS We immortalized IgG(+) memory B cells from individuals infected with diverse clades of HIV-1 and selected on the basis of plasma neutralization profiles that were cross-clade and relatively potent. Culture supernatants were screened using various recombinant forms of the envelope glycoproteins (Env) in multiple parallel assays. We isolated 58 mAbs that were mapped to different Env surfaces, most of which showed neutralizing activity. One mAb in particular (HJ16) specific for a novel epitope proximal to the CD4 binding site on gp120 selectively neutralized a multi-clade panel of Tier-2 HIV-1 pseudoviruses, and demonstrated reactivity that was comparable in breadth, but distinct in neutralization specificity, to that of the other CD4 binding site-specific neutralizing mAb b12. A second mAb (HGN194) bound a conserved epitope in the V3 crown and neutralized all Tier-1 and a proportion of Tier-2 pseudoviruses tested, irrespective of clade. A third mAb (HK20) with broad neutralizing activity, particularly as a Fab fragment, recognized a highly conserved epitope in the HR-1 region of gp41, but showed striking assay-dependent selectivity in its activity. CONCLUSIONS This study reveals that by using appropriate screening methods, a large proportion of memory B cells can be isolated that produce mAbs with HIV-1 neutralizing activity. Three of these mAbs show unusual breadth of neutralization and therefore add to the current panel of HIV-1 neutralizing antibodies with potential for passive protection and template-based vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Corti
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | - Andreas Hinz
- Unit for Virus Host Cell Interaction, UMI 3265 UJF-EMBL-CNRS, Grenoble, France
| | - Michael S. Seaman
- Division of Viral Pathogenesis, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | | | | | - Chiara Silacci
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Debora Pinna
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - David Jarrossay
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Hanna Dreja
- Queen Mary University, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Chloe Orkin
- Barts and the London NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Simon A. Jeffs
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Wright-Fleming Institute, Imperial College Faculty of Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - David C. Montefiori
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - David Davis
- Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Jonathan L. Heeney
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Quentin J. Sattentau
- The Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Robin A. Weiss
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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Dreja H, O'Sullivan E, Pade C, Aubin K, Isaksen A, D'Souza C, Hand J, Orkin C, Leber W, Anderson J, McKnight Á. P04-35. Neutralisation activity in a geographically diverse East London cohort of HIV-1 infected patients. Retrovirology 2009. [PMCID: PMC2767966 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-6-s3-p63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Machín F, Paschos K, Jarmuz A, Torres-Rosell J, Pade C, Aragón L. Condensin regulates rDNA silencing by modulating nucleolar Sir2p. Curr Biol 2004; 14:125-30. [PMID: 14738734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
The tandem array of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is subjected to transcriptional silencing of RNA polymerase II-transcribed genes. This form of silencing depends on SIR2 and has been tightly linked to the suppression of rDNA recombination and the control of cellular lifespan. Paradoxically, rDNA silencing takes place in the context of an extremely high rate of RNA polymerase I transcription. Because rDNA silencing requires different factors than HMR and telomere silencing, the chromatin structure and the mechanisms of silencing must be fundamentally different. Here we show that yeast condensin organizes the specialized topology of rDNA chromatin. We then demonstrate that this function is necessary for maintaining the correct balance of telomeric and nucleolar Sir2p. Condensin mutants relocalize telomeric Sir2p to rDNA and show histone hyperacetylation at telomeres. Our data reveal the implication of yeast condensin in the arrangement of rDNA repeats into a heterochromatic-like structure that is important for the correct delineation of silencing domains in the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Machín
- Cell Cycle Group, Medical Research Council Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
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