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Reynolds CJ, Gibbons JM, Pade C, Lin KM, Sandoval DM, Pieper F, Butler DK, Liu S, Otter AD, Joy G, Menacho K, Fontana M, Smit A, Kele B, Cutino-Moguel T, Maini MK, Noursadeghi M, Brooks T, Semper A, Manisty C, Treibel TA, Moon JC, McKnight Á, Altmann DM, Boyton RJ. Heterologous infection and vaccination shapes immunity against SARS-CoV-2 variants. Science 2022; 375:183-192. [PMID: 34855510 PMCID: PMC10186585 DOI: 10.1126/science.abm0811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The impact of the initial severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infecting strain on downstream immunity to heterologous variants of concern (VOCs) is unknown. Studying a longitudinal healthcare worker cohort, we found that after three antigen exposures (infection plus two vaccine doses), S1 antibody, memory B cells, and heterologous neutralization of B.1.351, P.1, and B.1.617.2 plateaued, whereas B.1.1.7 neutralization and spike T cell responses increased. Serology using the Wuhan Hu-1 spike receptor binding domain poorly predicted neutralizing immunity against VOCs. Neutralization potency against VOCs changed with heterologous virus encounter and number of antigen exposures. Neutralization potency fell differentially depending on targeted VOCs over the 5 months from the second vaccine dose. Heterologous combinations of spike encountered during infection and vaccination shape subsequent cross-protection against VOC, with implications for future-proof next-generation vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joseph M. Gibbons
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Corinna Pade
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Kai-Min Lin
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Franziska Pieper
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - David K. Butler
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Siyi Liu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - George Joy
- St. Bartholomew’s Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Katia Menacho
- St. Bartholomew’s Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | | | | | - Beatrix Kele
- St. Bartholomew’s Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Mala K. Maini
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mahdad Noursadeghi
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - COVIDsortium Immune Correlates Network‡
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, UK
- St. Bartholomew’s Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
- Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Lung Division, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Tim Brooks
- UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, UK
| | | | - Charlotte Manisty
- St. Bartholomew’s Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Thomas A. Treibel
- St. Bartholomew’s Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - James C. Moon
- St. Bartholomew’s Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - COVIDsortium Investigators‡
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, UK
- St. Bartholomew’s Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
- Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Lung Division, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Áine McKnight
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Daniel M. Altmann
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Rosemary J. Boyton
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Lung Division, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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