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Ijaz J, Harry E, Raine K, Menzies A, Beal K, Quail MA, Zumalave S, Jung H, Coorens THH, Lawson ARJ, Leongamornlert D, Francies HE, Garnett MJ, Ning Z, Campbell PJ. Haplotype-specific assembly of shattered chromosomes in esophageal adenocarcinomas. Cell Genom 2024; 4:100484. [PMID: 38232733 PMCID: PMC10879010 DOI: 10.1016/j.xgen.2023.100484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
The epigenetic landscape of cancer is regulated by many factors, but primarily it derives from the underlying genome sequence. Chromothripsis is a catastrophic localized genome shattering event that drives, and often initiates, cancer evolution. We characterized five esophageal adenocarcinoma organoids with chromothripsis using long-read sequencing and transcriptome and epigenome profiling. Complex structural variation and subclonal variants meant that haplotype-aware de novo methods were required to generate contiguous cancer genome assemblies. Chromosomes were assembled separately and scaffolded using haplotype-resolved Hi-C reads, producing accurate assemblies even with up to 900 structural rearrangements. There were widespread differences between the chromothriptic and wild-type copies of chromosomes in topologically associated domains, chromatin accessibility, histone modifications, and gene expression. Differential epigenome peaks were most enriched within 10 kb of chromothriptic structural variants. Alterations in transcriptome and higher-order chromosome organization frequently occurred near differential epigenetic marks. Overall, chromothripsis reshapes gene regulation, causing coordinated changes in epigenetic landscape, transcription, and chromosome conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannat Ijaz
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK.
| | | | - Keiran Raine
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK; Health Innovation East, Unit C, Magog Court, Shelford Bottom, Cambridge CB22 3AD, UK
| | | | | | | | - Sonia Zumalave
- Mobile Genomes and Disease, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CiMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | - Tim H H Coorens
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Hayley E Francies
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK; GSK, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG1 2NY, UK
| | | | - Zemin Ning
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
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2
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Leongamornlert D, Gutiérrez-Abril J, Lee S, Barretta E, Creasey T, Gundem G, Levine MF, Arango-Ossa JE, Liosis K, Medina-Martinez JS, Zuborne Alapi K, Kirkwood AA, Clifton-Hadley L, Patrick P, Jones D, O’Neill L, Butler AP, Harrison CJ, Campbell P, Patel B, Moorman AV, Fielding AK, Papaemmanuil E. Diagnostic utility of whole genome sequencing in adults with B-other acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Blood Adv 2023; 7:3862-3873. [PMID: 36867579 PMCID: PMC10405200 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2022008992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Genomic profiling during the diagnosis of B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL) in adults is used to guide disease classification, risk stratification, and treatment decisions. Patients for whom diagnostic screening fails to identify disease-defining or risk-stratifying lesions are classified as having B-other ALL. We screened a cohort of 652 BCP-ALL cases enrolled in UKALL14 to identify and perform whole genome sequencing (WGS) of paired tumor-normal samples. For 52 patients with B-other, we compared the WGS findings with data from clinical and research cytogenetics. WGS identified a cancer-associated event in 51 of 52 patients, including an established subtype defining genetic alterations that were previously missed with standard-of-care (SoC) genetics in 5 of them. Of the 47 true B-other ALL, we identified a recurrent driver in 87% (41). A complex karyotype via cytogenetics emerges as a heterogeneous group, including distinct genetic alterations associated with either favorable (DUX4-r) or poor outcomes (MEF2D-r and IGK::BCL2). For a subset of 31 cases, we integrated the findings from RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis to include fusion gene detection and classification based on gene expression. Compared with RNA-seq, WGS was sufficient to detect and resolve recurrent genetic subtypes; however, RNA-seq can provide orthogonal validation of findings. In conclusion, we demonstrated that WGS can identify clinically relevant genetic abnormalities missed with SoC testing as well as identify leukemia driver events in virtually all cases of B-other ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Leongamornlert
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Jesús Gutiérrez-Abril
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - SooWah Lee
- Department of Haematology, University College London (UCL) Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Emilio Barretta
- Leukaemia Research Cytogenetics Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Creasey
- Leukaemia Research Cytogenetics Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Gunes Gundem
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Max F. Levine
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Juan E. Arango-Ossa
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Konstantinos Liosis
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Juan S. Medina-Martinez
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Krisztina Zuborne Alapi
- Department of Haematology, University College London (UCL) Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Amy A. Kirkwood
- Cancer Research UK & UCL Cancer Trials Centre, UCL Cancer Institute, UCL, London, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Clifton-Hadley
- Cancer Research UK & UCL Cancer Trials Centre, UCL Cancer Institute, UCL, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pip Patrick
- Cancer Research UK & UCL Cancer Trials Centre, UCL Cancer Institute, UCL, London, United Kingdom
| | - David Jones
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Laura O’Neill
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Adam P. Butler
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Christine J. Harrison
- Leukaemia Research Cytogenetics Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Campbell
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Bela Patel
- Department of Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony V. Moorman
- Leukaemia Research Cytogenetics Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Adele K. Fielding
- Department of Haematology, University College London (UCL) Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elli Papaemmanuil
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
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3
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Dias A, Brook MN, Bancroft EK, Page EC, Chamberlain A, Saya S, Amin J, Mikropoulos C, Taylor N, Myhill K, Thomas S, Saunders E, Dadaev T, Leongamornlert D, Dyrsø Jensen T, Evans DG, Cybulski C, Liljegren A, Teo SH, Side L, Kote‐Jarai Z, Eeles RA. Serum testosterone and prostate cancer in men with germline BRCA1/2 pathogenic variants. BJUI Compass 2023; 4:361-373. [PMID: 37025481 PMCID: PMC10071088 DOI: 10.1002/bco2.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives The relation of serum androgens and the development of prostate cancer (PCa) is subject of debate. Lower total testosterone (TT) levels have been associated with increased PCa detection and worse pathological features after treatment. However, data from the Reduction by Dutasteride of Prostate Cancer Events (REDUCE) and Prostate Cancer Prevention (PCPT) trial groups indicate no association. The aim of this study is to investigate the association of serum androgen levels and PCa detection in a prospective screening study of men at higher genetic risk of aggressive PCa due to BRCA1/2 pathogenic variants (PVs), the IMPACT study. Methods Men enrolled in the IMPACT study provided serum samples during regular visits. Hormonal levels were calculated using immunoassays. Free testosterone (FT) was calculated from TT and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) using the Sodergard mass equation. Age, body mass index (BMI), prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and hormonal concentrations were compared between genetic cohorts. We also explored associations between age and TT, SHBG, FT and PCa, in the whole subset and stratified by BRCA1/2 PVs status. Results A total of 777 participants in the IMPACT study had TT and SHBG measurements in serum samples at annual visits, giving 3940 prospective androgen levels, from 266 BRCA1 PVs carriers, 313 BRCA2 PVs carriers and 198 non-carriers. The median number of visits per patient was 5. There was no difference in TT, SHBG and FT between carriers and non-carriers. In a univariate analysis, androgen levels were not associated with PCa. In the analysis stratified by carrier status, no significant association was found between hormonal levels and PCa in non-carriers, BRCA1 or BRCA2 PVs carriers. Conclusions Male BRCA1/2 PVs carriers have a similar androgen profile to non-carriers. Hormonal levels were not associated with PCa in men with and without BRCA1/2 PVs. Mechanisms related to the particularly aggressive phenotype of PCa in BRCA2 PVs carriers may therefore not be linked with circulating hormonal levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Dias
- Oncogenetics TeamThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUK
- Instituto Nacional de Cancer Jose de Alencar Gomes da Silva INCARio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Mark N. Brook
- Oncogenetics TeamThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUK
| | - Elizabeth K. Bancroft
- Oncogenetics TeamThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUK
- Academic Urology UnitRoyal Marsden NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | | | | | - Sibel Saya
- Oncogenetics TeamThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUK
| | - Jan Amin
- Clinical Biochemistry SectionRoyal Marsden NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | - Christos Mikropoulos
- Oncogenetics TeamThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUK
- Academic Urology UnitRoyal Marsden NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | - Natalie Taylor
- Oncogenetics TeamThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUK
- Academic Urology UnitRoyal Marsden NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | - Kathryn Myhill
- Oncogenetics TeamThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUK
- Academic Urology UnitRoyal Marsden NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | - Sarah Thomas
- Oncogenetics TeamThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUK
| | | | - Tokhir Dadaev
- Oncogenetics TeamThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUK
| | | | | | - D. Gareth Evans
- Genetic Medicine, Manchester Academic Health Sciences CentreCentral Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustManchesterUK
| | - Cezary Cybulski
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and PathologyPomeranian Medical University in SzczecinSzczecinPoland
| | - Annelie Liljegren
- Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Soo H. Teo
- Cancer Research Initiatives FoundationSubang Jaya Medical CentreSelangorDarul EhsanMalaysia
| | - Lucy Side
- Wessex Clinical Genetics ServicePrincess Anne HospitalSouthamptonUK
| | | | | | - Rosalind A. Eeles
- Oncogenetics TeamThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUK
- Academic Urology UnitRoyal Marsden NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
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4
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Creasey T, Barretta E, Ryan SL, Butler E, Kirkwood AA, Leongamornlert D, Papaemmanuil E, Patrick P, Clifton-Hadley L, Patel B, Menne T, McMillan AK, Harrison CJ, Rowntree CJ, Morley N, Marks DI, Fielding AK, Moorman AV. Genetic and genomic analysis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in older adults reveals a distinct profile of abnormalities: analysis of 210 patients from the UKALL14 and UKALL60+ clinical trials. Haematologica 2022; 107:2051-2063. [PMID: 34788984 PMCID: PMC9425332 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2021.279177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite being predominantly a childhood disease, the incidence of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) has a second peak in adults aged 60 years and over. These older adults fare extremely poorly with existing treatment strategies and very few studies have undertaken a comprehensive genetic and genomic characterization to improve prognosis in this age group. We performed cytogenetic, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array and next-generation sequencing (NGS) analyses on samples from 210 patients aged ≥60 years from the UKALL14 and UKALL60+ clinical trials. BCR-ABL1-positive disease was present in 26% (55/210) of patients, followed by low hypodiploidy/near triploidy in 13% (28/210). Cytogenetically cryptic rearrangements in CRLF2, ZNF384 and MEF2D were detected in 5%, 1% and <1% of patients, respectively. Copy number abnormalities were common and deletions in ALL driver genes were seen in 77% of cases. IKZF1 deletion was present in 51% (40/78) of samples tested and the IKZF1plus profile was identified in over a third (28/77) of cases of B-cell precursor ALL. The genetic good-risk abnormalities high hyperdiploidy (n=2), ETV6-RUNX1 (no cases) and ERG deletion (no cases) were exceptionally rare in this cohort. RAS pathway mutations were seen in 17% (4/23) of screened samples. KDM6A abnormalities, including biallelic deletions, were discovered in 5% (4/78) of SNP arrays and 9% (2/23) of NGS samples, and represent novel, potentially therapeutically actionable lesions using EZH2 inhibitors. Outcome remained poor with 5-year event-free and overall survival rates of 17% and 24%, respectively, across the cohort, indicating a need for novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Creasey
- Leukaemia Research Cytogenetics Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne.
| | - Emilio Barretta
- Leukaemia Research Cytogenetics Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne
| | - Sarra L Ryan
- Leukaemia Research Cytogenetics Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne
| | - Ellie Butler
- Leukaemia Research Cytogenetics Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne
| | - Amy A Kirkwood
- Cancer Research UK and UCL Cancer Trials Centre, UCL Cancer Institute University College London
| | | | | | - Pip Patrick
- Cancer Research UK and UCL Cancer Trials Centre, UCL Cancer Institute University College London
| | - Laura Clifton-Hadley
- Cancer Research UK and UCL Cancer Trials Centre, UCL Cancer Institute University College London
| | - Bela Patel
- Department of Haematology, Queen Mary University of London, London
| | - Tobias Menne
- Department of Haematology, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne
| | - Andrew K McMillan
- Department of Haematology, Nottingham University Hospital NHS Trust, Nottingham
| | - Christine J Harrison
- Leukaemia Research Cytogenetics Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne
| | - Clare J Rowntree
- Department of Haematology, Cardiff And Vale University Health Board, Cardiff
| | - Nick Morley
- Department of Haematology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield
| | - David I Marks
- Department of Haematology, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol
| | | | - Anthony V Moorman
- Leukaemia Research Cytogenetics Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne.
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5
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Oliver TRW, Chappell L, Sanghvi R, Deighton L, Ansari-Pour N, Dentro SC, Young MD, Coorens THH, Jung H, Butler T, Neville MDC, Leongamornlert D, Sanders MA, Hooks Y, Cagan A, Mitchell TJ, Cortes-Ciriano I, Warren AY, Wedge DC, Heer R, Coleman N, Murray MJ, Campbell PJ, Rahbari R, Behjati S. Clonal diversification and histogenesis of malignant germ cell tumours. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4272. [PMID: 35953478 PMCID: PMC9372159 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31375-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Germ cell tumours (GCTs) are a collection of benign and malignant neoplasms derived from primordial germ cells. They are uniquely able to recapitulate embryonic and extraembryonic tissues, which carries prognostic and therapeutic significance. The developmental pathways underpinning GCT initiation and histogenesis are incompletely understood. Here, we study the relationship of histogenesis and clonal diversification in GCTs by analysing the genomes and transcriptomes of 547 microdissected histological units. We find no correlation between genomic and histological heterogeneity. However, we identify unifying features including the retention of fetal developmental transcripts across tissues, expression changes on chromosome 12p, and a conserved somatic evolutionary sequence of whole genome duplication followed by clonal diversification. While this pattern is preserved across all GCTs, the developmental timing of the duplication varies between prepubertal and postpubertal cases. In addition, tumours of younger children exhibit distinct substitution signatures which may lend themselves as potential biomarkers for risk stratification. Our findings portray the extensive diversification of GCT tissues and genetic subclones as randomly distributed, while identifying overarching transcriptional and genomic features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas R W Oliver
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | | | - Naser Ansari-Pour
- Big Data Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Stefan C Dentro
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mathijs A Sanders
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Thomas J Mitchell
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Isidro Cortes-Ciriano
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Cambridge, UK
| | - Anne Y Warren
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - David C Wedge
- Big Data Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Rakesh Heer
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Newcastle Urology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Nicholas Coleman
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Matthew J Murray
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - Sam Behjati
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK.
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK.
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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6
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Tazi Y, Arango-Ossa JE, Zhou Y, Bernard E, Thomas I, Gilkes A, Freeman S, Pradat Y, Johnson SJ, Hills R, Dillon R, Levine MF, Leongamornlert D, Butler A, Ganser A, Bullinger L, Döhner K, Ottmann O, Adams R, Döhner H, Campbell PJ, Burnett AK, Dennis M, Russell NH, Devlin SM, Huntly BJP, Papaemmanuil E. Unified classification and risk-stratification in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4622. [PMID: 35941135 PMCID: PMC9360033 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32103-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical recommendations for Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) classification and risk-stratification remain heavily reliant on cytogenetic findings at diagnosis, which are present in <50% of patients. Using comprehensive molecular profiling data from 3,653 patients we characterize and validate 16 molecular classes describing 100% of AML patients. Each class represents diverse biological AML subgroups, and is associated with distinct clinical presentation, likelihood of response to induction chemotherapy, risk of relapse and death over time. Secondary AML-2, emerges as the second largest class (24%), associates with high-risk disease, poor prognosis irrespective of flow Minimal Residual Disease (MRD) negativity, and derives significant benefit from transplantation. Guided by class membership we derive a 3-tier risk-stratification score that re-stratifies 26% of patients as compared to standard of care. This results in a unified framework for disease classification and risk-stratification in AML that relies on information from cytogenetics and 32 genes. Last, we develop an open-access patient-tailored clinical decision support tool.
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Grants
- MC_PC_17230 Medical Research Council
- BRC-1215-20014 Department of Health
- 203151/Z/16/Z Wellcome Trust
- MR-R009708-1 Medical Research Council
- C18680/A25508 Cancer Research UK
- 29806 Cancer Research UK
- 25350 Cancer Research UK
- P30 CA008748 NCI NIH HHS
- 25508 Cancer Research UK
- 25643 Cancer Research UK
- MR/R009708/1 Medical Research Council
- C49940/A25117 Cancer Research UK
- 205254/Z/16/Z Wellcome Trust
- E.P. is a Josie Robertson Investigator and is supported by the European Hematology Association, American Society of Hematology, Gabrielle’s Angels Foundation, V Foundation and The Geoffrey Beene Foundation and is a Damon Runyon Rachleff Innovator fellow. Work in the BJPH lab is funded by Cancer Research UK (C18680/A25508), the European Research Council (647685), MRC (MR-R009708-1), the Kay Kendall Leukaemia Fund (KKL1243), the Wellcome Trust (205254/Z/16/Z) and the Cancer Research UK Cambridge Major Centre (C49940/A25117). This research was supported by the NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre (BRC-1215-20014), and was funded in part, by the Wellcome Trust who supported the Wellcome - MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute (203151/Z/16/Z). The views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NIHR or the Department of Health and Social Care. L.B., H.D. and B.J.P.H. are supported by the HARMONY Alliance (IMI Project No. 116026; https://www.harmony-alliance.eu/). The UK-NCRI AML working group trials were supported with research grants from the Medical Research Council (MRC), Cancer Research UK (CRUK), Blood Cancer UK and Cardiff University. We would like to thank all patients and investigators for their participation in the trials and the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanis Tazi
- Computational Oncology Service, Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Hematologic Malignancies, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Tri-Institutional Computational Biology and Medicine PhD Program, Weill Cornell Medicine of Cornell University and Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Juan E Arango-Ossa
- Computational Oncology Service, Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Hematologic Malignancies, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yangyu Zhou
- Computational Oncology Service, Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Hematologic Malignancies, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elsa Bernard
- Computational Oncology Service, Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Hematologic Malignancies, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ian Thomas
- Centre for Trials Research, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Amanda Gilkes
- Department of Haematology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Sylvie Freeman
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Yoann Pradat
- Computational Oncology Service, Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sean J Johnson
- Centre for Trials Research, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Robert Hills
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Richard Dillon
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College, London, UK
| | - Max F Levine
- Computational Oncology Service, Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel Leongamornlert
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Adam Butler
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Arnold Ganser
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Lars Bullinger
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumorimmunology, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Berlin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Konstanze Döhner
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Oliver Ottmann
- Department of Haematology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Richard Adams
- Centre for Trials Research, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Hartmut Döhner
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Peter J Campbell
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Alan K Burnett
- Visiting Professor University of Glasgow, formerly Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - Nigel H Russell
- Department of Haematology, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham, UK
| | - Sean M Devlin
- Computational Oncology Service, Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brian J P Huntly
- Department of Haematology and Wellcome Trust-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Elli Papaemmanuil
- Computational Oncology Service, Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Center for Hematologic Malignancies, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
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7
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Machado HE, Mitchell E, Øbro NF, Kübler K, Davies M, Leongamornlert D, Cull A, Maura F, Sanders MA, Cagan ATJ, McDonald C, Belmonte M, Shepherd MS, Vieira Braga FA, Osborne RJ, Mahbubani K, Martincorena I, Laurenti E, Green AR, Getz G, Polak P, Saeb-Parsy K, Hodson DJ, Kent DG, Campbell PJ. Diverse mutational landscapes in human lymphocytes. Nature 2022; 608:724-732. [PMID: 35948631 PMCID: PMC9402440 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05072-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The lymphocyte genome is prone to many threats, including programmed mutation during differentiation1, antigen-driven proliferation and residency in diverse microenvironments. Here, after developing protocols for expansion of single-cell lymphocyte cultures, we sequenced whole genomes from 717 normal naive and memory B and T cells and haematopoietic stem cells. All lymphocyte subsets carried more point mutations and structural variants than haematopoietic stem cells, with higher burdens in memory cells than in naive cells, and with T cells accumulating mutations at a higher rate throughout life. Off-target effects of immunological diversification accounted for approximately half of the additional differentiation-associated mutations in lymphocytes. Memory B cells acquired, on average, 18 off-target mutations genome-wide for every on-target IGHV mutation during the germinal centre reaction. Structural variation was 16-fold higher in lymphocytes than in stem cells, with around 15% of deletions being attributable to off-target recombinase-activating gene activity. DNA damage from ultraviolet light exposure and other sporadic mutational processes generated hundreds to thousands of mutations in some memory cells. The mutation burden and signatures of normal B cells were broadly similar to those seen in many B-cell cancers, suggesting that malignant transformation of lymphocytes arises from the same mutational processes that are active across normal ontogeny. The mutational landscape of normal lymphocytes chronicles the off-target effects of programmed genome engineering during immunological diversification and the consequences of differentiation, proliferation and residency in diverse microenvironments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emily Mitchell
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
- Wellcome MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nina F Øbro
- Wellcome MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kirsten Kübler
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Megan Davies
- Wellcome MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Molecular Diagnostics, Milton Road, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Alyssa Cull
- York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, Wentworth Way, York, United Kingdom
| | | | - Mathijs A Sanders
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Craig McDonald
- Wellcome MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, Wentworth Way, York, United Kingdom
| | - Miriam Belmonte
- Wellcome MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, Wentworth Way, York, United Kingdom
| | - Mairi S Shepherd
- Wellcome MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Robert J Osborne
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
- Biofidelity, 330 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Krishnaa Mahbubani
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Elisa Laurenti
- Wellcome MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Anthony R Green
- Wellcome MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Gad Getz
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Paz Polak
- Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Kourosh Saeb-Parsy
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel J Hodson
- Wellcome MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - David G Kent
- Wellcome MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, Wentworth Way, York, United Kingdom.
| | - Peter J Campbell
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK.
- Wellcome MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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8
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Coorens TH, Collord G, Jung H, Wang Y, Zumalave S, Leongamornlert D, Moore L, Mahbubani K, Saeb-Parsy K, Leung SY, Stratton MR. Abstract 226: Recurrent trisomies, variable selection and precancerous evolution in the normal gastric epithelium. Cancer Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Gastric cancer is the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality globally and is often associated with infectious agents such as the bacterium Helicobacter pylori. However, the background mutational landscape in normal gastric epithelium and the first genomic steps towards the formation of gastric cancer remain poorly understood. Here, we use whole-genome sequencing of microdissected gastric glands (n=271) from 30 patients, 18 of whom had gastric cancer. We show that gastric glands are clonal structures and accrue approximately 27 single base substitutions per year. While the mutational signatures in most normal glands reflect age-related mutagenesis, gastric glands sampled close to a tumor showed exposure to a mutagenic process enriched in tumors (COSMIC reference mutational signature SBS17). Phylogenetic analysis shows that acquisition of SBS17 substitutions is closely linked to overt malignant transformation. We also observe widespread trisomies of specific chromosomes, which are recurrently and independently acquired in many gastric glands of the same patient. Mutations in genes encoding epigenetic modifiers and chromatin remodelers showed evidence of positive selection and were highly enriched in some patients. This was confirmed by targeted sequencing of cancer genes in a further 1008 gastric glands. Strikingly, glands that exhibit driver mutations, a recurrent trisomy or elevated mutation loads only overlap minimally, suggesting a highly variable and patient-specific mutation and selection landscape in the normal gastric epithelium. Taken together, these results give novel insights into the preclinical evolution of gastric malignancies.
Citation Format: Tim H. Coorens, Grace Collord, Hyungchul Jung, Yichen Wang, Sonia Zumalave, Daniel Leongamornlert, Luiza Moore, Krishnaa Mahbubani, Kourosh Saeb-Parsy, Suet Yi Leung, Michael R. Stratton. Recurrent trisomies, variable selection and precancerous evolution in the normal gastric epithelium [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 226.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yichen Wang
- 1Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Sonia Zumalave
- 2University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | - Luiza Moore
- 1Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
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9
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Moorman AV, Barretta E, Butler ER, Ward EJ, Twentyman K, Kirkwood AA, Enshaei A, Schwab C, Creasey T, Leongamornlert D, Papaemmanuil E, Patrick P, Clifton-Hadley L, Patel B, Menne T, McMillan AK, Harrison CJ, Rowntree CJ, Marks DI, Fielding AK. Prognostic impact of chromosomal abnormalities and copy number alterations in adult B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: a UKALL14 study. Leukemia 2022; 36:625-636. [PMID: 34657128 PMCID: PMC8885405 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-021-01448-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Chromosomal abnormalities are established prognostic markers in adult ALL. We assessed the prognostic impact of established chromosomal abnormalities and key copy number alterations (CNA) among 652 patients with B-cell precursor ALL treated on a modern MRD driven protocol. Patients with KMT2A-AFF1, complex karyotype (CK) and low hypodiploidy/near-triploidy (HoTr) had high relapse rates 50%, 60% & 53% and correspondingly poor survival. Patients with BCR-ABL1 had an outcome similar to other patients. JAK-STAT abnormalities (CRLF2, JAK2) occurred in 6% patients and were associated with a high relapse rate (56%). Patients with ABL-class fusions were rare (1%). A small group of patients with ZNF384 fusions (n = 12) had very good survival. CNA affecting IKZF1, CDKN2A/B, PAX5, BTG1, ETV6, EBF1, RB1 and PAR1 were assessed in 436 patients. None of the individual deletions or profiles were associated with survival, either in the cohort overall or within key subgroups. Collectively these data indicate that primary genetic abnormalities are stronger prognostic markers than secondary deletions. We propose a revised UKALL genetic risk classification based on key established chromosomal abnormalities: (1) very high risk: CK, HoTr or JAK-STAT abnormalities; (2) high risk: KMT2A fusions; (3) Tyrosine kinase activating: BCR-ABL1 and ABL-class fusions; (4) standard risk: all other patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony V Moorman
- Leukaemia Research Cytogenetics Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
| | - Emilio Barretta
- Leukaemia Research Cytogenetics Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Ellie R Butler
- Leukaemia Research Cytogenetics Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Eleanor J Ward
- Leukaemia Research Cytogenetics Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Katie Twentyman
- Leukaemia Research Cytogenetics Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Amy A Kirkwood
- Cancer Research UK & UCL Cancer Trials Centre, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Amir Enshaei
- Leukaemia Research Cytogenetics Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Claire Schwab
- Leukaemia Research Cytogenetics Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Tom Creasey
- Leukaemia Research Cytogenetics Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | | | - Pip Patrick
- Cancer Research UK & UCL Cancer Trials Centre, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Laura Clifton-Hadley
- Cancer Research UK & UCL Cancer Trials Centre, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Bela Patel
- Department of Haematology, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Tobias Menne
- Department of Haematology, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Andrew K McMillan
- Department of Haematology, Nottingham University Hospital NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - Christine J Harrison
- Leukaemia Research Cytogenetics Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Clare J Rowntree
- Department of Haematology, Cardiff And Vale University Health Board, Cardiff, UK
| | - David I Marks
- Department of Haematology, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
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10
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Maura F, Dodero A, Carniti C, Bolli N, Magni M, Monti V, Cabras A, Leongamornlert D, Abascal F, Diamond B, Rodriguez-Martin B, Zamora J, Butler A, Martincorena I, Tubio JMC, Campbell PJ, Chiappella A, Pruneri G, Corradini P. CDKN2A deletion is a frequent event associated with poor outcome in patients with peripheral T-cell lymphoma not otherwise specified (PTCL-NOS). Haematologica 2021; 106:2918-2926. [PMID: 33054126 PMCID: PMC8561277 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2020.262659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nodal peripheral T-cell lymphoma not otherwise specified (PTCL-NOS) remains a diagnosis encompassing a heterogenous group of PTCL cases not fitting criteria for more homogeneous subtypes. They are characterized by a poor clinical outcome when treated with anthracycline-containing regimens. A better understanding of their biology could improve prognostic stratification and foster the development of novel therapeutic approaches. Recent targeted and whole exome sequencing studies have shown recurrent copy number abnormalities (CNAs) with prognostic significance. Here, investigating 5 formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded cases of PTCL-NOS by whole genome sequencing (WGS), we found a high prevalence of structural variants and complex events, such as chromothripsis likely responsible for the observed CNAs. Among them, CDKN2A and PTEN deletions emerged as the most frequent aberration, as confirmed in a final cohort of 143 patients with nodal PTCL. The incidence of CDKN2A and PTEN deletions among PTCL-NOS was 46% and 26%, respectively. Furthermore, we found that co-occurrence of CDKN2A and PTEN deletions is an event associated with PTCL-NOS with absolute specificity. In contrast, these deletions were rare and never co-occurred in angioimmunoblastic and anaplastic lymphomas. CDKN2A deletion was associated with shorter overall survival in multivariate analysis corrected by age, IPI, transplant eligibility and GATA3 expression (adjusted HR =2.53; 95% CI 1.006-6.3; p=0.048). These data suggest that CDKN2A deletions may be relevant for refining the prognosis of PTCL-NOS and their significance should be evaluated in prospective trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Dodero
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristiana Carniti
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Niccolò Bolli
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Martina Magni
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Monti
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonello Cabras
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniel Leongamornlert
- The Cancer, Aging and Somatic Mutation Program, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Federico Abascal
- The Cancer, Aging and Somatic Mutation Program, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Benjamin Diamond
- Myeloma Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bernardo Rodriguez-Martin
- CIMUS - Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases Research Center, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Jorge Zamora
- CIMUS - Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases Research Center, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Adam Butler
- The Cancer, Aging and Somatic Mutation Program, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Inigo Martincorena
- The Cancer, Aging and Somatic Mutation Program, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Jose M. C. Tubio
- CIMUS - Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases Research Center, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Peter J. Campbell
- The Cancer, Aging and Somatic Mutation Program, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Annalisa Chiappella
- Department of Hematology Azienda Ospedaliera Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Pruneri
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Corradini
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
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11
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Ng SWK, Rouhani FJ, Brunner SF, Brzozowska N, Aitken SJ, Yang M, Abascal F, Moore L, Nikitopoulou E, Chappell L, Leongamornlert D, Ivovic A, Robinson P, Butler T, Sanders MA, Williams N, Coorens THH, Teague J, Raine K, Butler AP, Hooks Y, Wilson B, Birtchnell N, Naylor H, Davies SE, Stratton MR, Martincorena I, Rahbari R, Frezza C, Hoare M, Campbell PJ. Convergent somatic mutations in metabolism genes in chronic liver disease. Nature 2021; 598:473-478. [PMID: 34646017 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03974-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The progression of chronic liver disease to hepatocellular carcinoma is caused by the acquisition of somatic mutations that affect 20-30 cancer genes1-8. Burdens of somatic mutations are higher and clonal expansions larger in chronic liver disease9-13 than in normal liver13-16, which enables positive selection to shape the genomic landscape9-13. Here we analysed somatic mutations from 1,590 genomes across 34 liver samples, including healthy controls, alcohol-related liver disease and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Seven of the 29 patients with liver disease had mutations in FOXO1, the major transcription factor in insulin signalling. These mutations affected a single hotspot within the gene, impairing the insulin-mediated nuclear export of FOXO1. Notably, six of the seven patients with FOXO1S22W hotspot mutations showed convergent evolution, with variants acquired independently by up to nine distinct hepatocyte clones per patient. CIDEB, which regulates lipid droplet metabolism in hepatocytes17-19, and GPAM, which produces storage triacylglycerol from free fatty acids20,21, also had a significant excess of mutations. We again observed frequent convergent evolution: up to fourteen independent clones per patient with CIDEB mutations and up to seven clones per patient with GPAM mutations. Mutations in metabolism genes were distributed across multiple anatomical segments of the liver, increased clone size and were seen in both alcohol-related liver disease and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, but rarely in hepatocellular carcinoma. Master regulators of metabolic pathways are a frequent target of convergent somatic mutation in alcohol-related and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanley W K Ng
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Foad J Rouhani
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
- Department of Surgery, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Simon F Brunner
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | | | - Sarah J Aitken
- CRUK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Pathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ming Yang
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Luiza Moore
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | | | - Lia Chappell
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | | | | | - Philip Robinson
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Timothy Butler
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Mathijs A Sanders
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Tim H H Coorens
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Jon Teague
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Keiran Raine
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Adam P Butler
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Yvette Hooks
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Beverley Wilson
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | | | - Huw Naylor
- Department of Surgery, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Susan E Davies
- Department of Pathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - Raheleh Rahbari
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | | | - Matthew Hoare
- CRUK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, UK.
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Peter J Campbell
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK.
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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12
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Mitchell RJ, Kirkwood AA, Barretta E, Clifton-Hadley L, Lawrie E, Lee S, Leongamornlert D, Marks DI, McMillan AK, Menne TF, Papaemmanuil E, Patel B, Patrick P, Rowntree CJ, Zareian N, Alapi KZ, Moorman AV, Fielding AK. IKZF1 alterations are not associated with outcome in 498 adults with B-precursor ALL enrolled in the UKALL14 trial. Blood Adv 2021; 5:3322-3332. [PMID: 34477813 PMCID: PMC8525226 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2021004430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
IKZF1 deletions (ΔIKZF1) are commonly detected in B-precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL; B-ALL) and are widely assumed to have a significant impact on outcome. We compared the ability of multiplex ligand-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect ΔIKZF1 and to determine the impact on event-free survival of patients with precursor B-ALL aged 23 to 65 years recruited to the completed trial UKALL14 (ISRCTN 66541317). From 655 recruits with BCR-ABL1+ and BCR-ABL1- B-ALL, all available diagnostic DNA samples (76% of the recruited population) were screened by multiplex end point PCR covering 4 deletions: dominant-negative (DN) Δ4-7 or the loss of function Δ2-7, Δ4-8, and Δ2-8 (n = 498), MLPA (n = 436), or by both (n = 420). Although patients with BCR-ABL1- ΔIKZF1 were more likely to have minimal residual disease at the end of induction, we did not find any impact of ΔIKZF1 (including subgroup analysis for DN or loss-of-function lesions) or the IKZF1plus genotype on event-free, overall survival, or relapse risk by univariable or multivariable analyses. Consistent with the technical approach, MLPA not only detected a wider range of deletions than PCR but also failed to detect some PCR-detected lesions. The main difference between our study and others reporting an association between ΔIKZF1 and outcome is the older age of participants in our population. The impact of ΔIKZF1 in ALL may be less marked in an older population of patients. Our study underscores the need for analyses in large, harmonized data sets. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT01085617.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amy A Kirkwood
- Cancer Research UK (CRUK) and University College London (UCL) Cancer Trials Centre, UCL Cancer Institute, UCL, London, United Kingdom and
| | - Emilio Barretta
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom and
| | - Laura Clifton-Hadley
- Cancer Research UK (CRUK) and University College London (UCL) Cancer Trials Centre, UCL Cancer Institute, UCL, London, United Kingdom and
| | - Emma Lawrie
- Cancer Research UK (CRUK) and University College London (UCL) Cancer Trials Centre, UCL Cancer Institute, UCL, London, United Kingdom and
| | | | | | - David I Marks
- United Bristol Healthcare Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom and
| | - Andrew K McMillan
- Centre for Clinical Haematology, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, United Kingdom and
| | - Tobias F Menne
- Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom and
| | | | - Bela Patel
- Barts Cancer Institute, The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom; and
| | - Pip Patrick
- Cancer Research UK (CRUK) and University College London (UCL) Cancer Trials Centre, UCL Cancer Institute, UCL, London, United Kingdom and
| | - Clare J Rowntree
- Cardiff and Vale University Health Board (UHB), Wales, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Anthony V Moorman
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom and
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13
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Moore L, Cagan A, Coorens THH, Neville MDC, Sanghvi R, Sanders MA, Oliver TRW, Leongamornlert D, Ellis P, Noorani A, Mitchell TJ, Butler TM, Hooks Y, Warren AY, Jorgensen M, Dawson KJ, Menzies A, O'Neill L, Latimer C, Teng M, van Boxtel R, Iacobuzio-Donahue CA, Martincorena I, Heer R, Campbell PJ, Fitzgerald RC, Stratton MR, Rahbari R. The mutational landscape of human somatic and germline cells. Nature 2021; 597:381-386. [PMID: 34433962 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03822-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Over the course of an individual's lifetime, normal human cells accumulate mutations1. Here we compare the mutational landscape in 29 cell types from the soma and germline using multiple samples from the same individuals. Two ubiquitous mutational signatures, SBS1 and SBS5/40, accounted for the majority of acquired mutations in most cell types, but their absolute and relative contributions varied substantially. SBS18, which potentially reflects oxidative damage2, and several additional signatures attributed to exogenous and endogenous exposures contributed mutations to subsets of cell types. The rate of mutation was lowest in spermatogonia, the stem cells from which sperm are generated and from which most genetic variation in the human population is thought to originate. This was due to low rates of ubiquitous mutational processes and may be partially attributable to a low rate of cell division in basal spermatogonia. These results highlight similarities and differences in the maintenance of the germline and soma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiza Moore
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation (CASM), Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
- Department of Pathology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alex Cagan
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation (CASM), Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Tim H H Coorens
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation (CASM), Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Matthew D C Neville
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation (CASM), Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Rashesh Sanghvi
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation (CASM), Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Mathijs A Sanders
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation (CASM), Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Thomas R W Oliver
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation (CASM), Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
- Department of Pathology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Peter Ellis
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation (CASM), Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
- Inivata, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ayesha Noorani
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation (CASM), Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Thomas J Mitchell
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation (CASM), Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Timothy M Butler
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation (CASM), Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Yvette Hooks
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation (CASM), Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Anne Y Warren
- Department of Pathology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mette Jorgensen
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Kevin J Dawson
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation (CASM), Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Andrew Menzies
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation (CASM), Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Laura O'Neill
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation (CASM), Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Calli Latimer
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation (CASM), Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Mabel Teng
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation (CASM), Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Ruben van Boxtel
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology and Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Christine A Iacobuzio-Donahue
- Department of Pathology, Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Inigo Martincorena
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation (CASM), Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Rakesh Heer
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Newcastle Urology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Peter J Campbell
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation (CASM), Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | | | - Michael R Stratton
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation (CASM), Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK.
| | - Raheleh Rahbari
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation (CASM), Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK.
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14
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Gutierrez-Abril J, Leongamornlert D, Zhou Y, Lee S, Levine M, Arango Ossa JE, Gundem G, Medina-Martinez J, Mitchell R, A. Kirkwood A, Clifton-Hadley L, Patrick P, Wrench B, Kung A, Sulis ML, Shukla N, Moorman A, Fielding AK, Papaemmanuil E. Clinical utility of whole genome sequencing in hematological neoplasms. J Clin Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.7028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
7028 Background: Hematological neoplasms are often characterized by acute onset and rapid disease progression. Cytogenetics, FISH, SNP arrays, targeted DNA and RNA sequencing are performed to inform diagnosis, risk stratification and guide treatment decisions. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) offers the opportunity to comprehensively characterize all putative biomarkers in a single assay. However, a limitation in current WGS implementation is the requirement for a germline sample, as sources of control tissue are frequently contaminated with leukemic cells resulting in false negative calls. Methods: To evaluate the clinical utility and feasibility of WGS in the diagnostic work up of leukemias, we analyzed 57 B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) from the UKALL14 trial (NCT01085617) with no informative biomarkers at diagnosis. WGS analysis was performed on the leukemic sample and a matching control sample (with minimal residual disease level of <1%). Using this dataset, we trained the development of an unmatched (uWGS) analytical workflow (Isabl) for a tumor only WGS study. This workflow was validated across 20 hematologic neoplasms (12 B-ALL, 6 AML and 2 T-ALL). Results: Among the 57 cases, 5 failed QC owing to low tumor content (<25%). Of the remaining 52, putative biomarkers of clinical relevance were identified by WGS in 69% (36/52). These included delineation of aberrant karyotypes where conventional chromosome banding failed (4/52), the detection of newly described fusion genes (such as IGH-DUX4 and EP300-ZNF384 in 21/52) and recurrent gene mutations (i.e. PAX5 P80R, ZEB2 H1038R in 11/52). uWGS workflow in our training dataset captured 86% of biomarkers identified in the matched analysis (3/3 ploidy, 21/22 fusion and 7/11 coding). Concordance between the matched and uWGS workflow for arm-level and focal copy number alterations (CNAs), structural variants (SVs) and annotated hotspot mutations were 94%, 84%, 83% and 100% respectively. Independent validation of the uWGS workflow across 20 myeloid and lymphoid neoplasms, recapitulated all clinically reported biomarkers (14/15 CNAs, 16/16 SVs) as well as captured two novel findings not previously detected in two B-ALL patients, to include a focal deletion in BTG1 and the fusion gene P2RY8-CRLF2, as well as a NOTCH1 translocation in T-ALL. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that comprehensive WGS allows for the detection of the same biomarkers as a range of clinical assays using a single test, as well as the opportunity to discover novel clinical and research findings to support future correlative research and biomarker development. Additionally, we developed and validated an uWGS workflow that allows WGS analysis of hematopoietic neoplasms at diagnosis, enabling detection and reporting of clinically relevant biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - SooWah Lee
- UCL Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Max Levine
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | | | - Gunes Gundem
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | | | - Rachel Mitchell
- Department of Hematology, UCL Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Amy A. Kirkwood
- Cancer Research UK & UCL Cancer Trials Centre, University College London, UK, London, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Clifton-Hadley
- Cancer Research UK and UCL Cancer Trials Centre, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pip Patrick
- Cancer Research UK & UCL Cancer Trials Centre, University College London, UK, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bela Wrench
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Kung
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | | | - Neerav Shukla
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Anthony Moorman
- Leukemia Research Cytogenetics Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Adele K. Fielding
- Department of Hematology, University College London Medical School, Royal Free Campus, London, United Kingdom
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15
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Rustad EH, Yellapantula VD, Glodzik D, Maclachlan KH, Diamond B, Boyle EM, Ashby C, Blaney P, Gundem G, Hultcrantz M, Leongamornlert D, Angelopoulos N, Agnelli L, Auclair D, Zhang Y, Dogan A, Bolli N, Papaemmanuil E, Anderson KC, Moreau P, Avet-Loiseau H, Munshi NC, Keats JJ, Campbell PJ, Morgan GJ, Landgren O, Maura F. Revealing the impact of structural variants in multiple myeloma. Blood Cancer Discov 2020; 1:258-273. [PMID: 33392515 PMCID: PMC7774871 DOI: 10.1158/2643-3230.bcd-20-0132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The landscape of structural variants (SVs) in multiple myeloma remains poorly understood. Here, we performed comprehensive analysis of SVs in a large cohort of 752 multiple myeloma patients by low coverage long-insert whole genome sequencing. We identified 68 SV hotspots involving 17 new candidate driver genes, including the therapeutic targets BCMA (TNFRSF17), SLAMF and MCL1. Catastrophic complex rearrangements termed chromothripsis were present in 24% of patients and independently associated with poor clinical outcomes. Templated insertions were the second most frequent complex event (19%), mostly involved in super-enhancer hijacking and activation of oncogenes such as CCND1 and MYC. Importantly, in 31% of patients two or more seemingly independent putative driver events were caused by a single structural event, demonstrating that the complex genomic landscape of multiple myeloma can be acquired through few key events during tumor evolutionary history. Overall, this study reveals the critical role of SVs in multiple myeloma pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Even H Rustad
- Myeloma Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Venkata D Yellapantula
- Myeloma Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Dominik Glodzik
- Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Kylee H Maclachlan
- Myeloma Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Benjamin Diamond
- Myeloma Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | | | - Cody Ashby
- Myeloma Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | | | - Gunes Gundem
- Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Malin Hultcrantz
- Myeloma Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Daniel Leongamornlert
- The Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
| | - Nicos Angelopoulos
- The Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
- School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom
| | - Luca Agnelli
- Department of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniel Auclair
- Multiple Myeloma Research Foundation (MMRF), Norwalk, Connecticut
| | - Yanming Zhang
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Ahmet Dogan
- Hematopathology Service, Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Niccolò Bolli
- Department of Oncology and Hematology-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Elli Papaemmanuil
- Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Kenneth C Anderson
- Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Philippe Moreau
- CRCINA, INSERM, CNRS, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | | | - Nikhil C Munshi
- Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Veterans Administration Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury, Massachusetts
| | - Jonathan J Keats
- Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Peter J Campbell
- The Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ola Landgren
- Myeloma Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Francesco Maura
- Myeloma Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
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16
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Rustad EH, Yellapantula V, Leongamornlert D, Bolli N, Ledergor G, Nadeu F, Angelopoulos N, Dawson KJ, Mitchell TJ, Osborne RJ, Ziccheddu B, Carniti C, Montefusco V, Corradini P, Anderson KC, Moreau P, Papaemmanuil E, Alexandrov LB, Puente XS, Campo E, Siebert R, Avet-Loiseau H, Landgren O, Munshi N, Campbell PJ, Maura F. Timing the initiation of multiple myeloma. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1917. [PMID: 32317634 PMCID: PMC7174344 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15740-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The evolution and progression of multiple myeloma and its precursors over time is poorly understood. Here, we investigate the landscape and timing of mutational processes shaping multiple myeloma evolution in a large cohort of 89 whole genomes and 973 exomes. We identify eight processes, including a mutational signature caused by exposure to melphalan. Reconstructing the chronological activity of each mutational signature, we estimate that the initial transformation of a germinal center B-cell usually occurred during the first 2nd-3rd decades of life. We define four main patterns of activation-induced deaminase (AID) and apolipoprotein B mRNA editing catalytic polypeptide-like (APOBEC) mutagenesis over time, including a subset of patients with evidence of prolonged AID activity during the pre-malignant phase, indicating antigen-responsiveness and germinal center reentry. Our findings provide a framework to study the etiology of multiple myeloma and explore strategies for prevention and early detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Even H Rustad
- Myeloma Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Venkata Yellapantula
- Myeloma Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel Leongamornlert
- The Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Niccolò Bolli
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Guy Ledergor
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ferran Nadeu
- Patologia Molecular de Neoplàsies Limfoides, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nicos Angelopoulos
- The Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Kevin J Dawson
- The Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Thomas J Mitchell
- The Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Robert J Osborne
- The Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Bachisio Ziccheddu
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Department of Molecular Biotechnologies and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Cristiana Carniti
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Vittorio Montefusco
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Corradini
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Kenneth C Anderson
- Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Philippe Moreau
- CRCINA, SIRIC ILIAD, University Hospital of Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Elli Papaemmanuil
- Computational Oncology Service, Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Center for Computational Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Ludmil B Alexandrov
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Department of Bioengineering and Moores Cancer Center, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Xose S Puente
- Unitat Hematopatologia, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Oncologia (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Elias Campo
- Patologia Molecular de Neoplàsies Limfoides, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Unitat Hematopatologia, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Reiner Siebert
- Institute of Human Genetics, Ulm University and Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Ola Landgren
- Myeloma Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nikhil Munshi
- Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Veterans Administration Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury, MA, USA
| | - Peter J Campbell
- The Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Francesco Maura
- Myeloma Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- The Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, UK.
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17
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Moore L, Leongamornlert D, Coorens THH, Sanders MA, Ellis P, Dentro SC, Dawson KJ, Butler T, Rahbari R, Mitchell TJ, Maura F, Nangalia J, Tarpey PS, Brunner SF, Lee-Six H, Hooks Y, Moody S, Mahbubani KT, Jimenez-Linan M, Brosens JJ, Iacobuzio-Donahue CA, Martincorena I, Saeb-Parsy K, Campbell PJ, Stratton MR. The mutational landscape of normal human endometrial epithelium. Nature 2020; 580:640-646. [PMID: 32350471 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2214-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
All normal somatic cells are thought to acquire mutations, but understanding of the rates, patterns, causes and consequences of somatic mutations in normal cells is limited. The uterine endometrium adopts multiple physiological states over a lifetime and is lined by a gland-forming epithelium1,2. Here, using whole-genome sequencing, we show that normal human endometrial glands are clonal cell populations with total mutation burdens that increase at about 29 base substitutions per year and that are many-fold lower than those of endometrial cancers. Normal endometrial glands frequently carry 'driver' mutations in cancer genes, the burden of which increases with age and decreases with parity. Cell clones with drivers often originate during the first decades of life and subsequently progressively colonize the epithelial lining of the endometrium. Our results show that mutational landscapes differ markedly between normal tissues-perhaps shaped by differences in their structure and physiology-and indicate that the procession of neoplastic change that leads to endometrial cancer is initiated early in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiza Moore
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation (CASM), Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Pathology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Daniel Leongamornlert
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation (CASM), Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tim H H Coorens
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation (CASM), Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mathijs A Sanders
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation (CASM), Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Ellis
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation (CASM), Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Inivata Ltd, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stefan C Dentro
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation (CASM), Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Cambridge, UK
| | - Kevin J Dawson
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation (CASM), Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tim Butler
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation (CASM), Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Raheleh Rahbari
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation (CASM), Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Thomas J Mitchell
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation (CASM), Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Francesco Maura
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation (CASM), Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Myeloma Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jyoti Nangalia
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation (CASM), Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Patrick S Tarpey
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation (CASM), Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Simon F Brunner
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation (CASM), Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Henry Lee-Six
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation (CASM), Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Yvette Hooks
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation (CASM), Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sarah Moody
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation (CASM), Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Krishnaa T Mahbubani
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mercedes Jimenez-Linan
- Department of Pathology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jan J Brosens
- Tommy's National Miscarriage Research Centre, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Christine A Iacobuzio-Donahue
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Inigo Martincorena
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation (CASM), Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kourosh Saeb-Parsy
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Peter J Campbell
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation (CASM), Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Michael R Stratton
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation (CASM), Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK.
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18
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Aref S, Castleton AZ, Bailey K, Burt R, Dey A, Leongamornlert D, Mitchell RJ, Okasha D, Fielding AK. Type 1 Interferon Responses Underlie Tumor-Selective Replication of Oncolytic Measles Virus. Mol Ther 2020; 28:1043-1055. [PMID: 32087150 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2020.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism of tumor-selective replication of oncolytic measles virus (MV) is poorly understood. Using a stepwise model of cellular transformation, in which oncogenic hits were additively expressed in human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells, we show that MV-induced oncolysis increased progressively with transformation. The type 1 interferon (IFN) response to MV infection was significantly reduced and delayed, in accordance with the level of transformation. Consistently, we observed delayed and reduced signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT1) phosphorylation in the fully transformed cells. Pre-treatment with IFNβ restored resistance to MV-mediated oncolysis. Gene expression profiling to identify the genetic correlates of susceptibility to MV oncolysis revealed a dampened basal level of immune-related genes in the fully transformed cells compared to their normal counterparts. IFN-induced transmembrane protein 1 (IFITM1) was the foremost basally downregulated immune gene. Stable IFITM1 overexpression in MV-susceptible cells resulted in a 50% increase in cell viability and a significant reduction in viral replication at 24 h after MV infection. Overall, our data indicate that the basal reduction in functions of the type 1 IFN pathway is a major contributor to the oncolytic selectivity of MV. In particular, we have identified IFITM1 as a restriction factor for oncolytic MV, acting at early stages of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Aref
- UCL Cancer Institute, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | | | | | | | - Aditi Dey
- UCL Cancer Institute, London WC1E 6DD, UK
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19
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Maura F, Bolli N, Angelopoulos N, Dawson KJ, Leongamornlert D, Martincorena I, Mitchell TJ, Fullam A, Gonzalez S, Szalat R, Abascal F, Rodriguez-Martin B, Samur MK, Glodzik D, Roncador M, Fulciniti M, Tai YT, Minvielle S, Magrangeas F, Moreau P, Corradini P, Anderson KC, Tubio JMC, Wedge DC, Gerstung M, Avet-Loiseau H, Munshi N, Campbell PJ. Genomic landscape and chronological reconstruction of driver events in multiple myeloma. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3835. [PMID: 31444325 PMCID: PMC6707220 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11680-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The multiple myeloma (MM) genome is heterogeneous and evolves through preclinical and post-diagnosis phases. Here we report a catalog and hierarchy of driver lesions using sequences from 67 MM genomes serially collected from 30 patients together with public exome datasets. Bayesian clustering defines at least 7 genomic subgroups with distinct sets of co-operating events. Focusing on whole genome sequencing data, complex structural events emerge as major drivers, including chromothripsis and a novel replication-based mechanism of templated insertions, which typically occur early. Hyperdiploidy also occurs early, with individual trisomies often acquired in different chronological windows during evolution, and with a preferred order of acquisition. Conversely, positively selected point mutations, whole genome duplication and chromoplexy events occur in later disease phases. Thus, initiating driver events, drawn from a limited repertoire of structural and numerical chromosomal changes, shape preferred trajectories of evolution that are biologically relevant but heterogeneous across patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Maura
- Myeloma Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- The Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, UK
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Niccoló Bolli
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicos Angelopoulos
- The Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, UK
- School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Colchester, UK
| | - Kevin J Dawson
- The Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Daniel Leongamornlert
- The Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Inigo Martincorena
- The Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Thomas J Mitchell
- The Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Anthony Fullam
- The Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Santiago Gonzalez
- European Bioinformatics Institute, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL-EBI), Hinxton, UK
| | - Raphael Szalat
- Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Federico Abascal
- The Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Bernardo Rodriguez-Martin
- CIMUS - Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases Research Centre, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Mehmet Kemal Samur
- Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dominik Glodzik
- The Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, UK
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marco Roncador
- The Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Mariateresa Fulciniti
- Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yu Tzu Tai
- Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stephane Minvielle
- CRCINA, INSERM, CNRS, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Florence Magrangeas
- CRCINA, INSERM, CNRS, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Philippe Moreau
- CRCINA, INSERM, CNRS, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Paolo Corradini
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Kenneth C Anderson
- Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jose M C Tubio
- The Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, UK
- CIMUS - Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases Research Centre, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - David C Wedge
- University of Oxford, Big Data Institute, Oxford, UK
| | - Moritz Gerstung
- European Bioinformatics Institute, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL-EBI), Hinxton, UK
| | | | - Nikhil Munshi
- Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Veterans Administration Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury, MA, USA.
| | - Peter J Campbell
- The Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, UK.
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20
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Maura F, Degasperi A, Nadeu F, Leongamornlert D, Davies H, Moore L, Royo R, Ziccheddu B, Puente XS, Avet-Loiseau H, Campbell PJ, Nik-Zainal S, Campo E, Munshi N, Bolli N. Author Correction: A practical guide for mutational signature analysis in hematological malignancies. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3431. [PMID: 31346173 PMCID: PMC6658484 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11468-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Maura
- Myeloma Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, 10065 NY, USA. .,Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Via Festa del Perdono 7, Milan, 20122, Italy. .,Cancer, Ageing, and Somatic Mutation Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, UK.
| | - Andrea Degasperi
- Cancer, Ageing, and Somatic Mutation Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, UK.,Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.,MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Ferran Nadeu
- Patologia Molecular de Neoplàsies Limfoides, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Leongamornlert
- Cancer, Ageing, and Somatic Mutation Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Helen Davies
- Cancer, Ageing, and Somatic Mutation Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, UK.,Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.,MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Luiza Moore
- Cancer, Ageing, and Somatic Mutation Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Romina Royo
- Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), Joint BSC-CRG-IRB Research Program in Computational Biology, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bachisio Ziccheddu
- Department of Clinical Oncology and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Xose S Puente
- Unitat Hematopatologia, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.,Departamento de Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Oncologia (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, 33003, Spain
| | | | - Peter J Campbell
- Cancer, Ageing, and Somatic Mutation Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Serena Nik-Zainal
- Cancer, Ageing, and Somatic Mutation Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, UK.,Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.,MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Elias Campo
- Patologia Molecular de Neoplàsies Limfoides, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), Joint BSC-CRG-IRB Research Program in Computational Biology, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nikhil Munshi
- Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02215, MA, USA.,Veterans Administration Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury, 02130, MA, USA
| | - Niccolò Bolli
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Via Festa del Perdono 7, Milan, 20122, Italy. .,Department of Clinical Oncology and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, 20133, Italy.
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21
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Maura F, Degasperi A, Nadeu F, Leongamornlert D, Davies H, Moore L, Royo R, Ziccheddu B, Puente XS, Avet-Loiseau H, Campbell PJ, Nik-Zainal S, Campo E, Munshi N, Bolli N. A practical guide for mutational signature analysis in hematological malignancies. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2969. [PMID: 31278357 PMCID: PMC6611883 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11037-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Analysis of mutational signatures is becoming routine in cancer genomics, with implications for pathogenesis, classification, prognosis, and even treatment decisions. However, the field lacks a consensus on analysis and result interpretation. Using whole-genome sequencing of multiple myeloma (MM), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and acute myeloid leukemia, we compare the performance of public signature analysis tools. We describe caveats and pitfalls of de novo signature extraction and fitting approaches, reporting on common inaccuracies: erroneous signature assignment, identification of localized hyper-mutational processes, overcalling of signatures. We provide reproducible solutions to solve these issues and use orthogonal approaches to validate our results. We show how a comprehensive mutational signature analysis may provide relevant biological insights, reporting evidence of c-AID activity among unmutated CLL cases or the absence of BRCA1/BRCA2-mediated homologous recombination deficiency in a MM cohort. Finally, we propose a general analysis framework to ensure production of accurate and reproducible mutational signature data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Maura
- Myeloma Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, 10065, NY, USA.
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Via Festa del Perdono 7, Milan, 20122, Italy.
- Cancer, Ageing, and Somatic Mutation Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, UK.
| | - Andrea Degasperi
- Cancer, Ageing, and Somatic Mutation Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, UK
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Ferran Nadeu
- Patologia Molecular de Neoplàsies Limfoides, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Leongamornlert
- Cancer, Ageing, and Somatic Mutation Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Helen Davies
- Cancer, Ageing, and Somatic Mutation Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, UK
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Luiza Moore
- Cancer, Ageing, and Somatic Mutation Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Romina Royo
- Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), Joint BSC-CRG-IRB Research Program in Computational Biology, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bachisio Ziccheddu
- Department of Clinical Oncology and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Xose S Puente
- Unitat Hematopatologia, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Oncologia (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, 33003, Spain
| | | | - Peter J Campbell
- Cancer, Ageing, and Somatic Mutation Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Serena Nik-Zainal
- Cancer, Ageing, and Somatic Mutation Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, UK
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Elias Campo
- Patologia Molecular de Neoplàsies Limfoides, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), Joint BSC-CRG-IRB Research Program in Computational Biology, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nikhil Munshi
- Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02215, MA, USA
- Veterans Administration Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury, 02130, MA, USA
| | - Niccolò Bolli
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Via Festa del Perdono 7, Milan, 20122, Italy.
- Department of Clinical Oncology and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, 20133, Italy.
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22
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Moore L, Leongamornlert D, Coorens T, Sanders M, Ellis P, Maura F, Dawson K, Brunner SF, Nangalia J, Lee-Six H, Rahbari R, Tarpey P, Hooks Y, Mahbubani K, Iacobuzio-Donahue CA, Brosens JJ, Martincorena I, Saeb-Parsy K, Campbell PJ, Stratton MR. Abstract 970: The mutational landscape of normal human endometrial epithelium. Cancer Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2019-970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Human endometrium is a highly dynamic tissue that undergoes hundreds of cycles of breakdown, rapid repair and remodelling in response to the oscillating levels of oestrogen and progesterone during female reproductive years. The marked regenerative capacity of this tissue’s epithelial compartment is maintained by intra-glandular adult stem cells (ASCs) that reside within the stratum basalis which is retained during menstruation. Although the endometrial ASCs were first described over a decade ago, they remain poorly characterised in comparison to their counterparts in other tissues, such as the small and the large intestines. In particular, the size of the stem cell pool within individual glands, the rates of their division, and mutational landscape are largely unknown. In this study, we isolated 215 morphologically normal endometrial glands from women aged 19 to 81 using laser capture microscopy. Analysis of whole-genome sequencing data identified that the overwhelming majority of the glands were clonal cell populations, and thus originating from a single ASC. Somatic mutations were found to accumulate at a linear rate during adult life. Elevated body mass index (BMI), a well-recognised risk factor for endometrial cancer, accelerated the rate of mutation acquisition. Surprisingly, despite the heterogeneity in age, reproductive history and BMI in our cohort, we find relatively homogenous mutational processes within normal endometrium. Comparison with cancer, shows lower somatic mutation burden and fewer operative signatures. Remarkably, we not only identify recurrent acquisitions of certain cancer-associated mutations, particularly those that are advantageous to cell growth, proliferation and migration, but also show that such events occur early in life, potentially even before adolescence. Over time, these mutant ASCs serve as a reservoir for the acquisition of further driver mutations to the extent that in some cases, the entire sampled endometrium becomes ‘neoplastic’ on the genomic level while still retaining the apparently normal phenotype. In older individuals, we observe a shift in the spectrum of acquired cancer-associated mutations, possibly reflecting post-menopausal changes in the levels of sex-steroid hormones and the resultant tissue microenvironment.
Citation Format: Luiza Moore, Daniel Leongamornlert, Tim Coorens, Mathijs Sanders, Peter Ellis, Francesco Maura, Kevin Dawson, Simon F. Brunner, Jyoti Nangalia, Henry Lee-Six, Raheleh Rahbari, Patrick Tarpey, Yvette Hooks, Krishnaa Mahbubani, Christine A. Iacobuzio-Donahue, Jan J. Brosens, Inigo Martincorena, Kourosh Saeb-Parsy, Peter J. Campbell, Michael R. Stratton. The mutational landscape of normal human endometrial epithelium [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 970.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiza Moore
- 1Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Tim Coorens
- 1Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Peter Ellis
- 1Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Kevin Dawson
- 1Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Henry Lee-Six
- 1Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Yvette Hooks
- 1Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Krishnaa Mahbubani
- 2Department of Surgery and Cambridge NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Jan J. Brosens
- 4Tommy’s National Miscarriage Research Centre/Warwick Medical School, Warwick, United Kingdom
| | | | - Kourosh Saeb-Parsy
- 2Department of Surgery and Cambridge NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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23
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Maura F, Agnelli L, Leongamornlert D, Bolli N, Chan WC, Dodero A, Carniti C, Heavican TB, Pellegrinelli A, Pruneri G, Butler A, Bhosle SG, Chiappella A, Di Rocco A, Zinzani PL, Zaja F, Piva R, Inghirami G, Wang W, Palomero T, Iqbal J, Neri A, Campbell PJ, Corradini P. Integration of transcriptional and mutational data simplifies the stratification of peripheral T-cell lymphoma. Am J Hematol 2019; 94:628-634. [PMID: 30829413 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.25450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The histological diagnosis of peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) can represent a challenge, particularly in the case of closely related entities such as angioimmunoblastic T-lymphoma (AITL), PTCL-not otherwise specified (PTCL-NOS), and ALK-negative anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (ALCL). Although gene expression profiling and next generations sequencing have been proven to define specific features recurrently associated with distinct entities, genomic-based stratifications have not yet led to definitive diagnostic criteria and/or entered into the routine clinical practice. Herein, to improve the current molecular classification between AITL and PTCL-NOS, we analyzed the transcriptional profiles from 503 PTCLs stratified according to their molecular configuration and integrated them with genomic data of recurrently mutated genes (RHOA G17V , TET2, IDH2 R172 , and DNMT3A) in 53 cases (39 AITLs and 14 PTCL-NOSs) included in the series. Our analysis unraveled that the mutational status of RHOA G17V , TET2, and DNMT3A poorly correlated, individually, with peculiar transcriptional fingerprints. Conversely, in IDH2 R172 samples a strong transcriptional signature was identified that could act as a surrogate for mutational status. The integrated analysis of clinical, mutational, and molecular data led to a simplified 19-gene signature that retains high accuracy in differentiating the main nodal PTCL entities. The expression levels of those genes were confirmed in an independent cohort profiled by RNA-sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Maura
- Myeloma Service, Department of MedicineMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York New York
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation ProgrammeWellcome Trust Sanger Institute Hinxton United Kingdom
- Department of Oncology and Hemato‐OncologyUniversity of Milan Milan Italy
| | - Luca Agnelli
- Department of Oncology and Hemato‐OncologyUniversity of Milan Milan Italy
- HematologyFoundation IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Milan Italy
| | - Daniel Leongamornlert
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation ProgrammeWellcome Trust Sanger Institute Hinxton United Kingdom
| | - Niccolò Bolli
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation ProgrammeWellcome Trust Sanger Institute Hinxton United Kingdom
- Department of Oncology and Hemato‐OncologyUniversity of Milan Milan Italy
- Division of HematologyFondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori Milan Italy
| | - Wing C. Chan
- Department of PathologyCity of Hope National Medical Center Duarte California
| | - Anna Dodero
- Division of HematologyFondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori Milan Italy
| | - Cristiana Carniti
- Division of HematologyFondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori Milan Italy
| | - Tayla B. Heavican
- Department of Pathology and MicrobiologyUniversity of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha Nebraska
| | - Alessio Pellegrinelli
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineFondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori Milan Italy
| | - Giancarlo Pruneri
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineFondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori Milan Italy
| | - Adam Butler
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation ProgrammeWellcome Trust Sanger Institute Hinxton United Kingdom
| | - Shriram G. Bhosle
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation ProgrammeWellcome Trust Sanger Institute Hinxton United Kingdom
| | - Annalisa Chiappella
- Department of HematologyAzienda Ospedaliera Città della Salute e della Scienza Torino Italy
| | - Alice Di Rocco
- Department of Cellular Biotechnology and Hematology, Sapienza University of Rome Rome Italy
| | | | - Francesco Zaja
- Clinical Ematologica, DAMEUniversity of Udine Udine Italy
| | - Roberto Piva
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health SciencesCenter for Experimental Research and Medical Studies, University of Torino Torino Italy
| | - Giorgio Inghirami
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health SciencesCenter for Experimental Research and Medical Studies, University of Torino Torino Italy
- Pathology and Laboratory MedicinesWeill Cornell Medical College New York New York
| | - Wenyi Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston Texas
| | - Teresa Palomero
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University New York New York
| | - Javeed Iqbal
- Department of Pathology and MicrobiologyUniversity of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha Nebraska
| | - Antonino Neri
- Department of Oncology and Hemato‐OncologyUniversity of Milan Milan Italy
- HematologyFoundation IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Milan Italy
| | - Peter J. Campbell
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation ProgrammeWellcome Trust Sanger Institute Hinxton United Kingdom
| | - Paolo Corradini
- Department of Oncology and Hemato‐OncologyUniversity of Milan Milan Italy
- Division of HematologyFondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori Milan Italy
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24
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Schumacher FR, Olama AAA, Berndt SI, Benlloch S, Ahmed M, Saunders EJ, Dadaev T, Leongamornlert D, Anokian E, Cieza-Borrella C, Goh C, Brook MN, Sheng X, Fachal L, Dennis J, Tyrer J, Muir K, Lophatananon A, Stevens VL, Gapstur SM, Carter BD, Tangen CM, Goodman PJ, Thompson IM, Batra J, Chambers S, Moya L, Clements J, Horvath L, Tilley W, Risbridger GP, Gronberg H, Aly M, Nordström T, Pharoah P, Pashayan N, Schleutker J, Tammela TLJ, Sipeky C, Auvinen A, Albanes D, Weinstein S, Wolk A, Håkansson N, West CML, Dunning AM, Burnet N, Mucci LA, Giovannucci E, Andriole GL, Cussenot O, Cancel-Tassin G, Koutros S, Beane Freeman LE, Sorensen KD, Orntoft TF, Borre M, Maehle L, Grindedal EM, Neal DE, Donovan JL, Hamdy FC, Martin RM, Travis RC, Key TJ, Hamilton RJ, Fleshner NE, Finelli A, Ingles SA, Stern MC, Rosenstein BS, Kerns SL, Ostrer H, Lu YJ, Zhang HW, Feng N, Mao X, Guo X, Wang G, Sun Z, Giles GG, Southey MC, MacInnis RJ, FitzGerald LM, Kibel AS, Drake BF, Vega A, Gómez-Caamaño A, Szulkin R, Eklund M, Kogevinas M, Llorca J, Castaño-Vinyals G, Penney KL, Stampfer M, Park JY, Sellers TA, Lin HY, Stanford JL, Cybulski C, Wokolorczyk D, Lubinski J, Ostrander EA, Geybels MS, Nordestgaard BG, Nielsen SF, Weischer M, Bisbjerg R, Røder MA, Iversen P, Brenner H, Cuk K, Holleczek B, Maier C, Luedeke M, Schnoeller T, Kim J, Logothetis CJ, John EM, Teixeira MR, Paulo P, Cardoso M, Neuhausen SL, Steele L, Ding YC, De Ruyck K, De Meerleer G, Ost P, Razack A, Lim J, Teo SH, Lin DW, Newcomb LF, Lessel D, Gamulin M, Kulis T, Kaneva R, Usmani N, Singhal S, Slavov C, Mitev V, Parliament M, Claessens F, Joniau S, Van den Broeck T, Larkin S, Townsend PA, Aukim-Hastie C, Gago-Dominguez M, Castelao JE, Martinez ME, Roobol MJ, Jenster G, van Schaik RHN, Menegaux F, Truong T, Koudou YA, Xu J, Khaw KT, Cannon-Albright L, Pandha H, Michael A, Thibodeau SN, McDonnell SK, Schaid DJ, Lindstrom S, Turman C, Ma J, Hunter DJ, Riboli E, Siddiq A, Canzian F, Kolonel LN, Le Marchand L, Hoover RN, Machiela MJ, Cui Z, Kraft P, Amos CI, Conti DV, Easton DF, Wiklund F, Chanock SJ, Henderson BE, Kote-Jarai Z, Haiman CA, Eeles RA. Author Correction: Association analyses of more than 140,000 men identify 63 new prostate cancer susceptibility loci. Nat Genet 2019; 51:363. [PMID: 30622367 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-018-0330-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In the version of this article initially published, the name of author Manuela Gago-Dominguez was misspelled as Manuela Gago Dominguez. The error has been corrected in the HTML and PDF version of the article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrick R Schumacher
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Seidman Cancer Center, University Hospitals, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Ali Amin Al Olama
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, UK.
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
| | - Sonja I Berndt
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Sara Benlloch
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
- Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Chee Goh
- Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | | | - Xin Sheng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Laura Fachal
- Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica-SERGAS, Grupo de Medicina Xenómica, CIBERER, IDIS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Department of Oncology, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Strangeways Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Joe Dennis
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jonathan Tyrer
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kenneth Muir
- Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Artitaya Lophatananon
- Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Victoria L Stevens
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Susan M Gapstur
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Brian D Carter
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Catherine M Tangen
- SWOG Statistical Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Phyllis J Goodman
- SWOG Statistical Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ian M Thompson
- CHRISTUS Santa Rosa Hospital-Medical Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Jyotsna Batra
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation and School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Qld, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Suzanne Chambers
- Menzies Health Institute of Queensland, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia
- Cancer Council Queensland, Fortitude Valley, Queensland, Australia
| | - Leire Moya
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation and School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Qld, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Judith Clements
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation and School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Qld, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lisa Horvath
- Chris O'Brien Lifehouse (COBLH), Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Wayne Tilley
- Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Centre, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Gail P Risbridger
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute Cancer Program, Prostate Cancer Research Program, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Henrik Gronberg
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Markus Aly
- Department of Urology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tobias Nordström
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences at Danderyds Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paul Pharoah
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Oncology, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Strangeways Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nora Pashayan
- Department of Oncology, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Strangeways Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Applied Health Research, University College London, London, UK
| | - Johanna Schleutker
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Tyks Microbiology and Genetics, Department of Medical Genetics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Teuvo L J Tammela
- Department of Urology, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Csilla Sipeky
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Anssi Auvinen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Health Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Demetrius Albanes
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stephanie Weinstein
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alicja Wolk
- Division of Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Niclas Håkansson
- Division of Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Catharine M L West
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre and Christie NHS Foundation Trust, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Alison M Dunning
- Department of Oncology, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Strangeways Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Neil Burnet
- Department of Oncology, Oncology Centre, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lorelei A Mucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H., Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edward Giovannucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H., Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Olivier Cussenot
- UPMC Sorbonne Universités, GRC no. 5 ONCOTYPE-URO, Tenon Hospital, Paris, France
- CeRePP, Tenon Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Géraldine Cancel-Tassin
- UPMC Sorbonne Universités, GRC no. 5 ONCOTYPE-URO, Tenon Hospital, Paris, France
- CeRePP, Tenon Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Stella Koutros
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Laura E Beane Freeman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Karina Dalsgaard Sorensen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Torben Falck Orntoft
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Michael Borre
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Urology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lovise Maehle
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - David E Neal
- Department of Oncology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cancer Research UK, Cambridge Research Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK, Faculty of Medical Science, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jenny L Donovan
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Freddie C Hamdy
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK, Faculty of Medical Science, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Richard M Martin
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Ruth C Travis
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Tim J Key
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Robert J Hamilton
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Neil E Fleshner
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Antonio Finelli
- Division of Urology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sue Ann Ingles
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mariana C Stern
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Barry S Rosenstein
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sarah L Kerns
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Harry Ostrer
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Yong-Jie Lu
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | | | - Ninghan Feng
- Wuxi Second Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xueying Mao
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Xin Guo
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guomin Wang
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Zan Sun
- People's Hospital of Liaoning Province, People's Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Graham G Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology and Intelligence Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Melissa C Southey
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robert J MacInnis
- Cancer Epidemiology and Intelligence Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Liesel M FitzGerald
- Cancer Epidemiology and Intelligence Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Adam S Kibel
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Brigham and Womens Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bettina F Drake
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ana Vega
- Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica-SERGAS, Grupo de Medicina Xenómica, CIBERER, IDIS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Antonio Gómez-Caamaño
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago, SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Robert Szulkin
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Neurobiology, Care Science and Society, Karolinska, Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
- Scandinavian Development Services, Danderyd, Sweden
| | - Martin Eklund
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Manolis Kogevinas
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Llorca
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- University of Cantabria-IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - Gemma Castaño-Vinyals
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kathryn L Penney
- Department of Medicine, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Meir Stampfer
- Department of Medicine, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jong Y Park
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Thomas A Sellers
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Hui-Yi Lin
- Biostatistics Program, School of Public Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Janet L Stanford
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Cezary Cybulski
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Dominika Wokolorczyk
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jan Lubinski
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Elaine A Ostrander
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Milan S Geybels
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Børge G Nordestgaard
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Sune F Nielsen
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Maren Weischer
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Bisbjerg
- Department of Urology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Martin Andreas Røder
- Copenhagen Prostate Cancer Center, Department of Urology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Iversen
- Copenhagen Prostate Cancer Center, Department of Urology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katarina Cuk
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Christiane Maier
- Institute for Human Genetics, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Manuel Luedeke
- Institute for Human Genetics, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Jeri Kim
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, University of Texas-MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Christopher J Logothetis
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, University of Texas-MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Esther M John
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA, USA
- Department of Health Research & Policy (Epidemiology) and Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Manuel R Teixeira
- Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Biomedical Sciences Institute (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Paulo
- Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marta Cardoso
- Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Susan L Neuhausen
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Linda Steele
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Yuan Chun Ding
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Kim De Ruyck
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Basic Medical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Gert De Meerleer
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Basic Medical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Piet Ost
- Department of Radiotherapy, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Azad Razack
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jasmine Lim
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Soo-Hwang Teo
- Cancer Research Malaysia (CRM), Outpatient Centre, Subang Jaya Medical Centre, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Daniel W Lin
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lisa F Newcomb
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Davor Lessel
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marija Gamulin
- Department of Oncology, Division of Medical Oncology, Urogenital Unit, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tomislav Kulis
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Center Zagreb, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Radka Kaneva
- Molecular Medicine Center, Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Nawaid Usmani
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sandeep Singhal
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Chavdar Slavov
- Department of Urology and Alexandrovska University Hospital, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Vanio Mitev
- Molecular Medicine Center, Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Matthew Parliament
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Frank Claessens
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Steven Joniau
- Department of Urology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Thomas Van den Broeck
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Urology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Samantha Larkin
- University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Paul A Townsend
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Center, NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Health Innovation Manchester, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Manuela Gago-Dominguez
- Genomic Medicine Group, Galician Foundation of Genomic Medicine, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago, Servicio Galego de Saúde, SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jose Esteban Castelao
- Genetic Oncology Unit, CHUVI Hospital, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica Galicia Sur (IISGS), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Maria Elena Martinez
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Monique J Roobol
- Department of Urology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Guido Jenster
- Department of Urology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ron H N van Schaik
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Florence Menegaux
- Cancer & Environment Group, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), INSERM, University Paris-Sud, University Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Thérèse Truong
- Cancer & Environment Group, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), INSERM, University Paris-Sud, University Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Yves Akoli Koudou
- Cancer & Environment Group, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), INSERM, University Paris-Sud, University Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Jianfeng Xu
- Program for Personalized Cancer Care, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- Clinical Gerontology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lisa Cannon-Albright
- Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | | | - Stephen N Thibodeau
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Shannon K McDonnell
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Daniel J Schaid
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Sara Lindstrom
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Constance Turman
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jing Ma
- Department of Medicine, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David J Hunter
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elio Riboli
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Afshan Siddiq
- Genomics England, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Federico Canzian
- Genomic Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Laurence N Kolonel
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Loic Le Marchand
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Robert N Hoover
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mitchell J Machiela
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Zuxi Cui
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Peter Kraft
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christopher I Amos
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - David V Conti
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Douglas F Easton
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Oncology, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Strangeways Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Fredrik Wiklund
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stephen J Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Brian E Henderson
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Christopher A Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rosalind A Eeles
- Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.
- Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
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Schumacher FR, Al Olama AA, Berndt SI, Benlloch S, Ahmed M, Saunders EJ, Dadaev T, Leongamornlert D, Anokian E, Cieza-Borrella C, Goh C, Brook MN, Sheng X, Fachal L, Dennis J, Tyrer J, Muir K, Lophatananon A, Stevens VL, Gapstur SM, Carter BD, Tangen CM, Goodman PJ, Thompson IM, Batra J, Chambers S, Moya L, Clements J, Horvath L, Tilley W, Risbridger GP, Gronberg H, Aly M, Nordström T, Pharoah P, Pashayan N, Schleutker J, Tammela TLJ, Sipeky C, Auvinen A, Albanes D, Weinstein S, Wolk A, Håkansson N, West CML, Dunning AM, Burnet N, Mucci LA, Giovannucci E, Andriole GL, Cussenot O, Cancel-Tassin G, Koutros S, Beane Freeman LE, Sorensen KD, Orntoft TF, Borre M, Maehle L, Grindedal EM, Neal DE, Donovan JL, Hamdy FC, Martin RM, Travis RC, Key TJ, Hamilton RJ, Fleshner NE, Finelli A, Ingles SA, Stern MC, Rosenstein BS, Kerns SL, Ostrer H, Lu YJ, Zhang HW, Feng N, Mao X, Guo X, Wang G, Sun Z, Giles GG, Southey MC, MacInnis RJ, FitzGerald LM, Kibel AS, Drake BF, Vega A, Gómez-Caamaño A, Szulkin R, Eklund M, Kogevinas M, Llorca J, Castaño-Vinyals G, Penney KL, Stampfer M, Park JY, Sellers TA, Lin HY, Stanford JL, Cybulski C, Wokolorczyk D, Lubinski J, Ostrander EA, Geybels MS, Nordestgaard BG, Nielsen SF, Weischer M, Bisbjerg R, Røder MA, Iversen P, Brenner H, Cuk K, Holleczek B, Maier C, Luedeke M, Schnoeller T, Kim J, Logothetis CJ, John EM, Teixeira MR, Paulo P, Cardoso M, Neuhausen SL, Steele L, Ding YC, De Ruyck K, De Meerleer G, Ost P, Razack A, Lim J, Teo SH, Lin DW, Newcomb LF, Lessel D, Gamulin M, Kulis T, Kaneva R, Usmani N, Singhal S, Slavov C, Mitev V, Parliament M, Claessens F, Joniau S, Van den Broeck T, Larkin S, Townsend PA, Aukim-Hastie C, Gago-Dominguez M, Castelao JE, Martinez ME, Roobol MJ, Jenster G, van Schaik RHN, Menegaux F, Truong T, Koudou YA, Xu J, Khaw KT, Cannon-Albright L, Pandha H, Michael A, Thibodeau SN, McDonnell SK, Schaid DJ, Lindstrom S, Turman C, Ma J, Hunter DJ, Riboli E, Siddiq A, Canzian F, Kolonel LN, Le Marchand L, Hoover RN, Machiela MJ, Cui Z, Kraft P, Amos CI, Conti DV, Easton DF, Wiklund F, Chanock SJ, Henderson BE, Kote-Jarai Z, Haiman CA, Eeles RA. Association analyses of more than 140,000 men identify 63 new prostate cancer susceptibility loci. Nat Genet 2018; 50:928-936. [PMID: 29892016 PMCID: PMC6568012 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-018-0142-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 498] [Impact Index Per Article: 83.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and fine-mapping efforts to date have identified more than 100 prostate cancer (PrCa)-susceptibility loci. We meta-analyzed genotype data from a custom high-density array of 46,939 PrCa cases and 27,910 controls of European ancestry with previously genotyped data of 32,255 PrCa cases and 33,202 controls of European ancestry. Our analysis identified 62 novel loci associated (P < 5.0 × 10-8) with PrCa and one locus significantly associated with early-onset PrCa (≤55 years). Our findings include missense variants rs1800057 (odds ratio (OR) = 1.16; P = 8.2 × 10-9; G>C, p.Pro1054Arg) in ATM and rs2066827 (OR = 1.06; P = 2.3 × 10-9; T>G, p.Val109Gly) in CDKN1B. The combination of all loci captured 28.4% of the PrCa familial relative risk, and a polygenic risk score conferred an elevated PrCa risk for men in the ninetieth to ninety-ninth percentiles (relative risk = 2.69; 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.55-2.82) and first percentile (relative risk = 5.71; 95% CI: 5.04-6.48) risk stratum compared with the population average. These findings improve risk prediction, enhance fine-mapping, and provide insight into the underlying biology of PrCa1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrick R Schumacher
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
- Seidman Cancer Center, University Hospitals, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Ali Amin Al Olama
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, UK.
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Sonja I Berndt
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sara Benlloch
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
- Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Chee Goh
- Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | | | - Xin Sheng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Laura Fachal
- Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica-SERGAS, Grupo de Medicina Xenómica, CIBERER, IDIS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Department of Oncology, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Strangeways Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Joe Dennis
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jonathan Tyrer
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kenneth Muir
- Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Artitaya Lophatananon
- Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Victoria L Stevens
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Susan M Gapstur
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Brian D Carter
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Catherine M Tangen
- SWOG Statistical Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Phyllis J Goodman
- SWOG Statistical Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ian M Thompson
- CHRISTUS Santa Rosa Hospital-Medical Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Jyotsna Batra
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation and School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Qld, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Suzanne Chambers
- Menzies Health Institute of Queensland, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia
- Cancer Council Queensland, Fortitude Valley, Queensland, Australia
| | - Leire Moya
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation and School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Qld, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Judith Clements
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation and School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Qld, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lisa Horvath
- Chris O'Brien Lifehouse (COBLH), Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Wayne Tilley
- Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Centre, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Gail P Risbridger
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute Cancer Program, Prostate Cancer Research Program, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Henrik Gronberg
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Markus Aly
- Department of Urology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tobias Nordström
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences at Danderyds Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paul Pharoah
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Oncology, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Strangeways Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nora Pashayan
- Department of Oncology, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Strangeways Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Applied Health Research, University College London, London, UK
| | - Johanna Schleutker
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Tyks Microbiology and Genetics, Department of Medical Genetics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Teuvo L J Tammela
- Department of Urology, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Csilla Sipeky
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Anssi Auvinen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Health Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Demetrius Albanes
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stephanie Weinstein
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alicja Wolk
- Division of Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Niclas Håkansson
- Division of Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Catharine M L West
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre and Christie NHS Foundation Trust, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Alison M Dunning
- Department of Oncology, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Strangeways Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Neil Burnet
- Department of Oncology, Oncology Centre, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lorelei A Mucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edward Giovannucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Olivier Cussenot
- UPMC Sorbonne Universités, GRC no. 5 ONCOTYPE-URO, Tenon Hospital, Paris, France
- CeRePP, Tenon Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Géraldine Cancel-Tassin
- UPMC Sorbonne Universités, GRC no. 5 ONCOTYPE-URO, Tenon Hospital, Paris, France
- CeRePP, Tenon Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Stella Koutros
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Laura E Beane Freeman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Karina Dalsgaard Sorensen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Torben Falck Orntoft
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Michael Borre
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Urology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lovise Maehle
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - David E Neal
- Department of Oncology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cancer Research UK, Cambridge Research Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK, Faculty of Medical Science, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jenny L Donovan
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Freddie C Hamdy
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK, Faculty of Medical Science, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Richard M Martin
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Ruth C Travis
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Tim J Key
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Robert J Hamilton
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Neil E Fleshner
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Antonio Finelli
- Division of Urology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sue Ann Ingles
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mariana C Stern
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Barry S Rosenstein
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sarah L Kerns
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Harry Ostrer
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Yong-Jie Lu
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | | | - Ninghan Feng
- Wuxi Second Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xueying Mao
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Xin Guo
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guomin Wang
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Zan Sun
- People's Hospital of Liaoning Province, People's Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Graham G Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology and Intelligence Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Melissa C Southey
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robert J MacInnis
- Cancer Epidemiology and Intelligence Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Liesel M FitzGerald
- Cancer Epidemiology and Intelligence Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Adam S Kibel
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Brigham and Womens Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bettina F Drake
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ana Vega
- Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica-SERGAS, Grupo de Medicina Xenómica, CIBERER, IDIS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Antonio Gómez-Caamaño
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago, SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Robert Szulkin
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Neurobiology, Care Science and Society, Karolinska, Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
- Scandinavian Development Services, Danderyd, Sweden
| | - Martin Eklund
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Manolis Kogevinas
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Llorca
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- University of Cantabria-IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - Gemma Castaño-Vinyals
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kathryn L Penney
- Department of Medicine, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Meir Stampfer
- Department of Medicine, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jong Y Park
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Thomas A Sellers
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Hui-Yi Lin
- Biostatistics Program, School of Public Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Janet L Stanford
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Cezary Cybulski
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Dominika Wokolorczyk
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jan Lubinski
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Elaine A Ostrander
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Milan S Geybels
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Børge G Nordestgaard
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Sune F Nielsen
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Maren Weischer
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Bisbjerg
- Department of Urology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Martin Andreas Røder
- Copenhagen Prostate Cancer Center, Department of Urology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Iversen
- Copenhagen Prostate Cancer Center, Department of Urology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katarina Cuk
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Christiane Maier
- Institute for Human Genetics, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Manuel Luedeke
- Institute for Human Genetics, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Jeri Kim
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, University of Texas-MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Christopher J Logothetis
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, University of Texas-MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Esther M John
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA, USA
- Department of Health Research & Policy (Epidemiology) and Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Manuel R Teixeira
- Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Biomedical Sciences Institute (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Paulo
- Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marta Cardoso
- Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Susan L Neuhausen
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Linda Steele
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Yuan Chun Ding
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Kim De Ruyck
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Basic Medical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Gert De Meerleer
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Basic Medical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Piet Ost
- Department of Radiotherapy, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Azad Razack
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jasmine Lim
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Soo-Hwang Teo
- Cancer Research Malaysia (CRM), Outpatient Centre, Subang Jaya Medical Centre, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Daniel W Lin
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lisa F Newcomb
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Davor Lessel
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marija Gamulin
- Department of Oncology, Division of Medical Oncology, Urogenital Unit, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tomislav Kulis
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Center Zagreb, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Radka Kaneva
- Molecular Medicine Center, Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Nawaid Usmani
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sandeep Singhal
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Chavdar Slavov
- Department of Urology and Alexandrovska University Hospital, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Vanio Mitev
- Molecular Medicine Center, Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Matthew Parliament
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Frank Claessens
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Steven Joniau
- Department of Urology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Thomas Van den Broeck
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Urology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Samantha Larkin
- University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Paul A Townsend
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Center, NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Health Innovation Manchester, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Manuela Gago-Dominguez
- Genomic Medicine Group, Galician Foundation of Genomic Medicine, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago, Servicio Galego de Saúde, SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jose Esteban Castelao
- Genetic Oncology Unit, CHUVI Hospital, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica Galicia Sur (IISGS), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Maria Elena Martinez
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Monique J Roobol
- Department of Urology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Guido Jenster
- Department of Urology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ron H N van Schaik
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Florence Menegaux
- Cancer & Environment Group, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), INSERM, University Paris-Sud, University Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Thérèse Truong
- Cancer & Environment Group, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), INSERM, University Paris-Sud, University Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Yves Akoli Koudou
- Cancer & Environment Group, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), INSERM, University Paris-Sud, University Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Jianfeng Xu
- Program for Personalized Cancer Care, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- Clinical Gerontology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lisa Cannon-Albright
- Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | | | - Stephen N Thibodeau
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Shannon K McDonnell
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Daniel J Schaid
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Sara Lindstrom
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Constance Turman
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jing Ma
- Department of Medicine, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David J Hunter
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elio Riboli
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Afshan Siddiq
- Genomics England, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Federico Canzian
- Genomic Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Laurence N Kolonel
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Loic Le Marchand
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Robert N Hoover
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mitchell J Machiela
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Zuxi Cui
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Peter Kraft
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christopher I Amos
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - David V Conti
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Douglas F Easton
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Oncology, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Strangeways Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Fredrik Wiklund
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stephen J Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Brian E Henderson
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Christopher A Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rosalind A Eeles
- Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.
- Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
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Maguire SL, Tomczyk K, Perrakis E, Saunders E, Leongamornlert D, Kote-Jarai ZS, Eeles R, Garcia-Closas M, Pharoah P, Easton D, Lord CJ, Ashworth A, Swerdlow A, Orr N. Abstract 1225: Rare variants in DNA damage repair genes are associated with male breast cancer predisposition. Cancer Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2018-1225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Male breast cancer accounts for approximately 1% of all breast cancers diagnosed each year in the UK. Germline mutations in DNA damage response genes are known to be associated with many forms of cancer, including breast cancer. In order to identify low frequency male breast cancer predisposition genes, we performed targeted resequencing of more than 300 genes that were selected on the basis of involvement in DNA maintenance and repair pathways. Using a cost-effective protocol based on an automated library preparation method and a multiplexed hybridization enrichment step, we sequenced 1,029 male breast cancer cases from the UK Breast Cancer Now male breast cancer study (MBCS) and 1,254 controls from the MBCS and the ICR1000 UK exome series. Rare variants localising to 19 genes were significantly associated with risk of male breast cancer. Genes with an excess of rare coding mutations included the known breast cancer susceptibility genes BRCA2, CHEK2 and ATM as well as multiple members of the Fanconi anaemia (FA) pathway. Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) affecting the wildtype allele of putative predisposition genes was observed more than 10% of cases with matched tumor samples. In addition to LOH in BRCA2 mutation carries, somatic losses were observed that affected CCNE1, ATM, PALB2, BARD1, CHEK2, POLL and RAD9A. These data represent the largest analysis of rare variants in male breast cancer to date and have enabled the identification of known and putative novel susceptibility genes.
Citation Format: Sarah L. Maguire, Katarzyna Tomczyk, Eleni Perrakis, Edward Saunders, Daniel Leongamornlert, ZSofia Kote-Jarai, Rosalind Eeles, Montserrat Garcia-Closas, Paul Pharoah, Douglas Easton, Christopher J. Lord, Alan Ashworth, Anthony Swerdlow, Nick Orr. Rare variants in DNA damage repair genes are associated with male breast cancer predisposition [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1225.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Paul Pharoah
- 4University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | - Nick Orr
- 1Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
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Wedge DC, Gundem G, Mitchell T, Woodcock DJ, Martincorena I, Ghori M, Zamora J, Butler A, Whitaker H, Kote-Jarai Z, Alexandrov LB, Van Loo P, Massie CE, Dentro S, Warren AY, Verrill C, Berney DM, Dennis N, Merson S, Hawkins S, Howat W, Lu YJ, Lambert A, Kay J, Kremeyer B, Karaszi K, Luxton H, Camacho N, Marsden L, Edwards S, Matthews L, Bo V, Leongamornlert D, McLaren S, Ng A, Yu Y, Zhang H, Dadaev T, Thomas S, Easton DF, Ahmed M, Bancroft E, Fisher C, Livni N, Nicol D, Tavaré S, Gill P, Greenman C, Khoo V, Van As N, Kumar P, Ogden C, Cahill D, Thompson A, Mayer E, Rowe E, Dudderidge T, Gnanapragasam V, Shah NC, Raine K, Jones D, Menzies A, Stebbings L, Teague J, Hazell S, Corbishley C, de Bono J, Attard G, Isaacs W, Visakorpi T, Fraser M, Boutros PC, Bristow RG, Workman P, Sander C, Hamdy FC, Futreal A, McDermott U, Al-Lazikani B, Lynch AG, Bova GS, Foster CS, Brewer DS, Neal DE, Cooper CS, Eeles RA. Sequencing of prostate cancers identifies new cancer genes, routes of progression and drug targets. Nat Genet 2018; 50:682-692. [PMID: 29662167 PMCID: PMC6372064 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-018-0086-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer represents a substantial clinical challenge because it is difficult to predict outcome and advanced disease is often fatal. We sequenced the whole genomes of 112 primary and metastatic prostate cancer samples. From joint analysis of these cancers with those from previous studies (930 cancers in total), we found evidence for 22 previously unidentified putative driver genes harboring coding mutations, as well as evidence for NEAT1 and FOXA1 acting as drivers through noncoding mutations. Through the temporal dissection of aberrations, we identified driver mutations specifically associated with steps in the progression of prostate cancer, establishing, for example, loss of CHD1 and BRCA2 as early events in cancer development of ETS fusion-negative cancers. Computational chemogenomic (canSAR) analysis of prostate cancer mutations identified 11 targets of approved drugs, 7 targets of investigational drugs, and 62 targets of compounds that may be active and should be considered candidates for future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Wedge
- Oxford Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK.
- Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK.
| | - Gunes Gundem
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thomas Mitchell
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
- Department of Urology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
- Uro-Oncology Research Group, Cancer Research UK, Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Dan J Woodcock
- Oxford Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Mohammed Ghori
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Jorge Zamora
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Adam Butler
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Hayley Whitaker
- Molecular Diagnostics and Therapeutics Group, University College London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Peter Van Loo
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
- Cancer Genomics, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Charlie E Massie
- Uro-Oncology Research Group, Cancer Research UK, Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Early Detection Programme, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stefan Dentro
- Oxford Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
- Cancer Genomics, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Anne Y Warren
- Department of Histopathology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Clare Verrill
- Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Dan M Berney
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Nening Dennis
- Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London and Sutton, UK
| | - Sue Merson
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Steve Hawkins
- Uro-Oncology Research Group, Cancer Research UK, Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - William Howat
- Department of Histopathology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Yong-Jie Lu
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Adam Lambert
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jonathan Kay
- Molecular Diagnostics and Therapeutics Group, University College London, London, UK
| | - Barbara Kremeyer
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Katalin Karaszi
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Hayley Luxton
- Molecular Diagnostics and Therapeutics Group, University College London, London, UK
| | - Niedzica Camacho
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Luke Marsden
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Lucy Matthews
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Valeria Bo
- Statistics and Computational Biology Laboratory, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Daniel Leongamornlert
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Stuart McLaren
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Anthony Ng
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yongwei Yu
- Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | | | | | - Sarah Thomas
- Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London and Sutton, UK
| | - Douglas F Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Elizabeth Bancroft
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London and Sutton, UK
| | - Cyril Fisher
- Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London and Sutton, UK
| | - Naomi Livni
- Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London and Sutton, UK
| | - David Nicol
- Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London and Sutton, UK
| | - Simon Tavaré
- Statistics and Computational Biology Laboratory, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Pelvender Gill
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Vincent Khoo
- Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London and Sutton, UK
| | | | - Pardeep Kumar
- Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London and Sutton, UK
| | | | - Declan Cahill
- Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London and Sutton, UK
| | - Alan Thompson
- Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London and Sutton, UK
| | - Erik Mayer
- Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London and Sutton, UK
| | - Edward Rowe
- Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London and Sutton, UK
| | - Tim Dudderidge
- Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London and Sutton, UK
| | - Vincent Gnanapragasam
- Department of Urology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nimish C Shah
- Department of Urology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Keiran Raine
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - David Jones
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Andrew Menzies
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Lucy Stebbings
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Jon Teague
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Steven Hazell
- Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London and Sutton, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Tapio Visakorpi
- Institute of Biosciences and Medical Technology, BioMediTech, University of Tampere and Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Michael Fraser
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Paul C Boutros
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Robert G Bristow
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Chris Sander
- cBio Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Freddie C Hamdy
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrew Futreal
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Ultan McDermott
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | | | - Andrew G Lynch
- Statistics and Computational Biology Laboratory, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, UK
- School of Mathematics and Statistics/School of Medicine, University of St. Andrews, Fife, UK
| | - G Steven Bova
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Institute of Biosciences and Medical Technology, BioMediTech, University of Tampere and Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | | | - Daniel S Brewer
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
- Earlham Institute, Norwich, UK
| | - David E Neal
- Uro-Oncology Research Group, Cancer Research UK, Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Colin S Cooper
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Rosalind A Eeles
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.
- Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London and Sutton, UK.
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Eeles RA, Leongamornlert D, Saunders E, Wakerell S, Whitmore I, Dadaev T, Borrella CC, Govindasami K, Brook M, Lophatananon A, Muir K, Conti DV, Kote-Jarai Z. DNA repair gene panel mutations in young onset prostate cancer cases in the. J Clin Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2018.36.6_suppl.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
18 Background: Prostate cancer (PrCa) is the most common solid tumour in men in the Western world. There is substantial evidence that PrCa predisposition is due both to common and rare germline variation. Methods: We screened 167 genes from DNA damage response and repair pathways, within a UK based cohort of young onset cases (diagnosed at < 65 years) and controls. Samples were sequenced using a custom Agilent SureSelectXT bait library and Illumina HiSeq technology and processed using a BWA/GATK 2.8 pipeline. Following sample QC, data were analysed from 1,285 PrCa cases and 1,163 controls. Results: We identified 5,086 single nucleotide variants (SNVs) and 175 indels; 233 unique protein truncating variants (PTVs) with MAF < 0.5% in controls were found in 97 genes of the screening panel. The total proportion of PTV carriers in cases was higher than in controls (14.5% vs. 11.6%, P = 0.036; OR = 1.29, 95% CI 1.01-1.64). This enrichment was greater within the previously reported BROCA gene set of 22 tumour suppressor genes (4.5% vs 2.2%, P = 2.5x10-3; OR = 2.07, 95% CI 1.28-3.34). To identify genes which best to distinguish PrCa cases from controls, we applied the adaptive combination of P values algorithm, ADA, for genes with at least 2 carriers of PTVs. This analysis selected 10 genes, (OR = 3.37, 95% CI 2.05-5.66, PADA= 5.99x10-3); men with PTVs in these were about 3.4-fold more likely to have PrCa (5.8% vs. 1.8%). We subsequently compared aggressive cases (Gleason score ≥ 8, n = 204) with non-aggressive cases (Gleason score ≤ 7, n = 1049) and lethal PrCa cases (cause of death PrCa, n = 183) with indolent cases (Gleason score ≤ 6, n = 563) to evaluate genes associated with poor clinical prognosis. Using ADA, 4 genes were selected for aggressive PrCa ( PADA= 0.006) and 2 of these also for lethal PrCa ( PADA= 0.057). Conclusions: These gene sets provide an 11 gene panel which could be used for clinical testing and will help to facilitate the development of a PrCa specific sequencing panel with both predictive and prognostic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ros A. Eeles
- Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Leongamornlert
- Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - Ed Saunders
- Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ian Whitmore
- Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - Tokhir Dadaev
- Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | | | - Koveela Govindasami
- Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Brook
- Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | | | - Kenneth Muir
- University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - David V Conti
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, USC Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Zsofia Kote-Jarai
- Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, United Kingdom
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Eeles R, Leongamornlert D, Saunders E, Wakerell S, Whitmore I, Dadaev T, Cieza-Borrella C, Govindasami K, Brook M, Conti D, Kote-Jarai Z. Rare DNA repair gene mutations predispose to young onset and lethal prostate cancer in the UK. Eur J Surg Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2017.10.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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30
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Eeles R, Saunders E, Wakerell S, Whitmore I, Cieza-Borrella C, Govindasami K, Dadaev T, Kote-Jarai Z, Leongamornlert D. DNA repair gene panel mutations in young onset and aggressive vs non aggressive prostate cancer cases in the UK. Ann Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx370.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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31
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Teerlink CC, Leongamornlert D, Dadaev T, Thomas A, Farnham J, Stephenson RA, Riska S, McDonnell SK, Schaid DJ, Catalona WJ, Zheng SL, Cooney KA, Ray AM, Zuhlke KA, Lange EM, Giles GG, Southey MC, Fitzgerald LM, Rinckleb A, Luedeke M, Maier C, Stanford JL, Ostrander EA, Kaikkonen EM, Sipeky C, Tammela T, Schleutker J, Wiley KE, Isaacs SD, Walsh PC, Isaacs WB, Xu J, Cancel-Tassin G, Cussenot O, Mandal D, Laurie C, Laurie C, Thibodeau SN, Eeles RA, Kote-Jarai Z, Cannon-Albright L. Genome-wide association of familial prostate cancer cases identifies evidence for a rare segregating haplotype at 8q24.21. Hum Genet 2016; 135:923-38. [PMID: 27262462 PMCID: PMC5020907 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-016-1690-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Previous genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of prostate cancer risk focused on cases unselected for family history and have reported over 100 significant associations. The International Consortium for Prostate Cancer Genetics (ICPCG) has now performed a GWAS of 2511 (unrelated) familial prostate cancer cases and 1382 unaffected controls from 12 member sites. All samples were genotyped on the Illumina 5M+exome single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) platform. The GWAS identified a significant evidence for association for SNPs in six regions previously associated with prostate cancer in population-based cohorts, including 3q26.2, 6q25.3, 8q24.21, 10q11.23, 11q13.3, and 17q12. Of note, SNP rs138042437 (p = 1.7e(-8)) at 8q24.21 achieved a large estimated effect size in this cohort (odds ratio = 13.3). 116 previously sampled affected relatives of 62 risk-allele carriers from the GWAS cohort were genotyped for this SNP, identifying 78 additional affected carriers in 62 pedigrees. A test for an excess number of affected carriers among relatives exhibited strong evidence for co-segregation of the variant with disease (p = 8.5e(-11)). The majority (92 %) of risk-allele carriers at rs138042437 had a consistent estimated haplotype spanning approximately 100 kb of 8q24.21 that contained the minor alleles of three rare SNPs (dosage minor allele frequencies <1.7 %), rs183373024 (PRNCR1), previously associated SNP rs188140481, and rs138042437 (CASC19). Strong evidence for co-segregation of a SNP on the haplotype further characterizes the haplotype as a prostate cancer predisposition locus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig C Teerlink
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, 84108, USA.
| | - Daniel Leongamornlert
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Tokhir Dadaev
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Alun Thomas
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, 84108, USA
| | - James Farnham
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, 84108, USA
| | - Robert A Stephenson
- Department of Urology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Shaun Riska
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Shannon K McDonnell
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Daniel J Schaid
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - William J Catalona
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - S Lilly Zheng
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Kathleen A Cooney
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Anna M Ray
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Kimberly A Zuhlke
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Ethan M Lange
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Graham G Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, 3004, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Melissa C Southey
- Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, 3010, Australia
| | - Liesel M Fitzgerald
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, 3004, Australia
| | - Antje Rinckleb
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Ulm, 53179, Ulm, Germany
| | - Manuel Luedeke
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Ulm, 53179, Ulm, Germany
| | - Christiane Maier
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of Ulm, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Janet L Stanford
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (FHCRC), Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Elaine A Ostrander
- Cancer Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Elina M Kaikkonen
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Turku, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Csilla Sipeky
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Turku, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Teuvo Tammela
- Department of Urology, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, 33520, Tampere, Finland
| | - Johanna Schleutker
- Tyks Microbiology and Genetics, Department of Medical Genetics, Turku University Hospital, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Kathleen E Wiley
- Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Sarah D Isaacs
- Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Patrick C Walsh
- Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - William B Isaacs
- Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Jianfeng Xu
- Program for Personalized Cancer Care, NorthShore University Health System, Evanston, IL, 60201, USA
| | | | - Olivier Cussenot
- CeRePP, Hopital Tenon, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, 75020, Paris, France
| | - Diptasri Mandal
- Department of Genetics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Cecelia Laurie
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Cathy Laurie
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Stephen N Thibodeau
- Department of Lab Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Rosalind A Eeles
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Zsofia Kote-Jarai
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Lisa Cannon-Albright
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, 84108, USA
- George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, 84148, USA
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32
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Castro E, Jugurnauth-Little S, Karlsson Q, Al-Shahrour F, Piñeiro-Yañez E, Van de Poll F, Leongamornlert D, Dadaev T, Govindasami K, Guy M, Eeles R, Kote-Jarai Z. High burden of copy number alterations and c-MYC amplification in prostate cancer from BRCA2 germline mutation carriers. Ann Oncol 2015; 26:2293-300. [PMID: 26347108 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdv356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Germline BRCA2 mutations are associated with poorer outcome prostate cancer (PCa) compared with sporadic tumours but this association remains to be characterised. In this study, we aim to assess if there is a signature set of copy number alterations (CNA) that could aid to the identification of BRCA2-mutated tumours and would assist us to understand their aggressive clinical behaviour. METHODS High-resolution array comparative genomic hybridisation profiling of DNA from PCa and matched morphologically normal prostate samples from 9 BRCA2 germline mutation carriers and 16 non-carriers in combination with unsupervised analysis was used to define copy number features. RESULTS PCa from BRCA2 germline mutation carriers (B2T) harbour significantly more CNA than non-carrier tumours (NCTs) (P = 14 × 10(-6)). A hundred and sixteen regions had a significantly different distribution with both false discovery rate (FDR) and P value <0.01, including CNA in the genomic region containing c-MYC that was present in 89% B2T versus 12.5% NCT (P = 3 × 10(-4)). Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at the BRCA2 locus was observed in 67% of B2T. Elevated CNA are already present in 50% of the morphologically normal prostate tissue from BRCA2 carriers. CONCLUSION The relative high amount of CNAs in morphologically normal prostate tissue of BRCA2 carriers implies a field effect and together with the observed LOH could be used as a marker of PCa risk in these men. Several features previously associated with poor PCa outcome have been found to be significantly more common in BRCA2-mutated PCa than in sporadic tumours and may help to explain their adverse prognosis and be of relevance for targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Castro
- Prostate Cancer Clinical Research Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain Oncogenetics Team, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | | | - Q Karlsson
- Oncogenetics Team, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - F Al-Shahrour
- Translational Bioinformatics Unit, Clinical Research Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain
| | - E Piñeiro-Yañez
- Translational Bioinformatics Unit, Clinical Research Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain
| | - F Van de Poll
- Prostate Cancer Clinical Research Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - T Dadaev
- Oncogenetics Team, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - K Govindasami
- Oncogenetics Team, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - M Guy
- Oncogenetics Team, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - R Eeles
- Oncogenetics Team, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Z Kote-Jarai
- Oncogenetics Team, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
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33
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Amin Al Olama A, Dadaev T, Hazelett DJ, Li Q, Leongamornlert D, Saunders EJ, Stephens S, Cieza-Borrella C, Whitmore I, Benlloch Garcia S, Giles GG, Southey MC, Fitzgerald L, Gronberg H, Wiklund F, Aly M, Henderson BE, Schumacher F, Haiman CA, Schleutker J, Wahlfors T, Tammela TL, Nordestgaard BG, Key TJ, Travis RC, Neal DE, Donovan JL, Hamdy FC, Pharoah P, Pashayan N, Khaw KT, Stanford JL, Thibodeau SN, Mcdonnell SK, Schaid DJ, Maier C, Vogel W, Luedeke M, Herkommer K, Kibel AS, Cybulski C, Wokołorczyk D, Kluzniak W, Cannon-Albright L, Brenner H, Butterbach K, Arndt V, Park JY, Sellers T, Lin HY, Slavov C, Kaneva R, Mitev V, Batra J, Clements JA, Spurdle A, Teixeira MR, Paulo P, Maia S, Pandha H, Michael A, Kierzek A, Govindasami K, Guy M, Lophatonanon A, Muir K, Viñuela A, Brown AA, Freedman M, Conti DV, Easton D, Coetzee GA, Eeles RA, Kote-Jarai Z. Multiple novel prostate cancer susceptibility signals identified by fine-mapping of known risk loci among Europeans. Hum Mol Genet 2015; 24:5589-602. [PMID: 26025378 PMCID: PMC4572072 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddv203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Revised: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified numerous common prostate cancer (PrCa) susceptibility loci. We have fine-mapped 64 GWAS regions known at the conclusion of the iCOGS study using large-scale genotyping and imputation in 25 723 PrCa cases and 26 274 controls of European ancestry. We detected evidence for multiple independent signals at 16 regions, 12 of which contained additional newly identified significant associations. A single signal comprising a spectrum of correlated variation was observed at 39 regions; 35 of which are now described by a novel more significantly associated lead SNP, while the originally reported variant remained as the lead SNP only in 4 regions. We also confirmed two association signals in Europeans that had been previously reported only in East-Asian GWAS. Based on statistical evidence and linkage disequilibrium (LD) structure, we have curated and narrowed down the list of the most likely candidate causal variants for each region. Functional annotation using data from ENCODE filtered for PrCa cell lines and eQTL analysis demonstrated significant enrichment for overlap with bio-features within this set. By incorporating the novel risk variants identified here alongside the refined data for existing association signals, we estimate that these loci now explain ∼38.9% of the familial relative risk of PrCa, an 8.9% improvement over the previously reported GWAS tag SNPs. This suggests that a significant fraction of the heritability of PrCa may have been hidden during the discovery phase of GWAS, in particular due to the presence of multiple independent signals within the same region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Amin Al Olama
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Strangeways Research Laboratory
| | - Tokhir Dadaev
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research & Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Dennis J Hazelett
- Department of Urology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA, Department of Preventive Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Qiuyan Li
- Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Daniel Leongamornlert
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research & Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Edward J Saunders
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research & Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Sarah Stephens
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research & Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Clara Cieza-Borrella
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research & Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Ian Whitmore
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research & Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Sara Benlloch Garcia
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Strangeways Research Laboratory
| | - Graham G Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, The Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health
| | - Melissa C Southey
- Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Henrik Gronberg
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Wiklund
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Markus Aly
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden, Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyds Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Brian E Henderson
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Fredrick Schumacher
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christopher A Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Johanna Schleutker
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Genetics Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland, BioMediTech, University of Tampere and FimLab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | - Tiina Wahlfors
- BioMediTech, University of Tampere and FimLab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | - Teuvo L Tammela
- Department of Urology, Tampere University Hospital and Medical School, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Børge G Nordestgaard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tim J Key
- Cancer Epidemiology, Nuffield Department of Population Health
| | - Ruth C Travis
- Cancer Epidemiology, Nuffield Department of Population Health
| | - David E Neal
- Department of Oncology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Research Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jenny L Donovan
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Freddie C Hamdy
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK, Faculty of Medical Science, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Paul Pharoah
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, Strangeways Laboratory
| | - Nora Pashayan
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, Strangeways Laboratory, Department of Applied Health Research, University College London, London, UK
| | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- Clinical Gerontology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Janet L Stanford
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Walther Vogel
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Manuel Luedeke
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Kathleen Herkommer
- Department of Urology, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universitaet Muenchen, Munich, Germany
| | - Adam S Kibel
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, USA
| | - Cezary Cybulski
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Dominika Wokołorczyk
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Wojciech Kluzniak
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Lisa Cannon-Albright
- Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA, George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katja Butterbach
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Volker Arndt
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jong Y Park
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Thomas Sellers
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Hui-Yi Lin
- Biostatistics Program, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Chavdar Slavov
- Department of Urology and Alexandrovska University Hospital, Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Radka Kaneva
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine Center, Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Vanio Mitev
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine Center, Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Jyotsna Batra
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Qld, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation and School of Biomedical Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Judith A Clements
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Qld, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation and School of Biomedical Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Amanda Spurdle
- Molecular Cancer Epidemiology Laboratory, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Manuel R Teixeira
- Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute, Porto, Portugal, Biomedical Sciences Institute (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Paulo
- Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sofia Maia
- Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute, Porto, Portugal
| | | | | | | | - Koveela Govindasami
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research & Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Michelle Guy
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research & Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Artitaya Lophatonanon
- Institute of Population Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Kenneth Muir
- Institute of Population Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Ana Viñuela
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Andrew A Brown
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway, Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva, Switzerland and
| | | | - David V Conti
- Department of Urology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA, Department of Preventive Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Douglas Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Strangeways Research Laboratory
| | - Gerhard A Coetzee
- Department of Urology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA, Department of Preventive Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rosalind A Eeles
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research & Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Zsofia Kote-Jarai
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research & Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK,
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Kote-Jarai Z, Al Olama AA, Dadaev T, Hazelett D, Li Q, Leongamornlert D, Saunders E, Feedman M, Conti D, Easton D, Coetzee G, Eeles R. Abstract 4606: Fine mapping of 64 prostate cancer GWAS regions identifies multiple novel association signals. Cancer Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2015-4606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified 100 common prostate cancer (PrCa) susceptibility loci to date. We performed comprehensive fine-mapping of 64 GWAS regions using genotyping and imputation to a 1000 Genomes reference panel for 25,779 PrCa cases and 26,218 controls of European ancestry from the PRACTICAL Consortium and two UK GWAS studies. In order to identify independent variants associated to PrCa, SNPs significant at P ≤10-4 were included in a stepwise logistic regression (SLR). Where the initial SLR identified multiple independent SNPs in a region, we re-analysed the region conditioning on the top hit. The adjusted results were subsequently trimmed using a P-value cut-off of ≤10-5 and a second SLR performed to identify independently significant index SNPs. We observed a single independent signal at 39 regions, with a novel, more significantly associated index SNP at 35 of these. Amongst these, we confirmed association in the European population for 2 loci previously reported in Asian GWAS. At 16 regions there was evidence for multiple independent signals, 14 of these contain newly identified additional significant associations. Functional annotation using data from ENCODE filtered for PrCa cell lines showed enrichment for overlap with bio-features within the fine-mapped SNP set and eQTL analysis identified novel candidate genes regulated by SNPs discovered in this study. Furthermore, we observed a 7% (from 32%-to 39%) improvement in the estimated proportion of familial relative risk explained through these refined and newly identified genetic variants. This study demonstrates the utility of fine-mapping, in silico functional annotation and eQTL approaches to narrow down the number of candidate functional variants. In addition, since a greater proportion of GWAS loci contained multiple independent risk variants than previously appreciated; this may explain a proportion of the missing heritability of complex diseases.
Citation Format: Zsofia Kote-Jarai, Ali Amin Al Olama, Tokhir Dadaev, Dennis Hazelett, Qiuyan Li, Daniel Leongamornlert, Ed Saunders, Matthew Feedman, David Conti, Douglas Easton, Gerhard Coetzee, Rosalind Eeles, The PRACTICAL Consortium. Fine mapping of 64 prostate cancer GWAS regions identifies multiple novel association signals. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 4606. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-4606
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tokhir Dadaev
- 1The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Qiuyan Li
- 4Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | | | - Ed Saunders
- 1The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - David Conti
- 3Keck School of Medicine USC, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | | | - Rosalind Eeles
- 1The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
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35
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Castro E, Goh C, Leongamornlert D, Saunders E, Tymrakiewicz M, Dadaev T, Govindasami K, Guy M, Ellis S, Frost D, Bancroft E, Cole T, Tischkowitz M, Kennedy MJ, Eason J, Brewer C, Evans DG, Davidson R, Eccles D, Porteous ME, Douglas F, Adlard J, Donaldson A, Antoniou AC, Kote-Jarai Z, Easton DF, Olmos D, Eeles R. Effect of BRCA Mutations on Metastatic Relapse and Cause-specific Survival After Radical Treatment for Localised Prostate Cancer. Eur Urol 2015; 68:186-93. [PMID: 25454609 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2014.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Germline BRCA mutations are associated with worse prostate cancer (PCa) outcomes; however, the most appropriate management for mutation carriers has not yet been investigated. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the response of BRCA carriers to conventional treatments for localised PCa by analysing metastasis-free survival (MFS) and cause-specific survival (CSS) following radical prostatectomy (RP) or external-beam radiation therapy (RT). DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Tumour features and outcomes of 1302 patients with local/locally advanced PCa (including 67 BRCA mutation carriers) were analysed. RP was undergone by 535 patients (35 BRCA); 767 received RT (32 BRCA). Median follow-up was 64 mo. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Median survival and 3-, 5-, and 10-yr survival rates were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Generated survival curves were compared using the log-rank test. Cox regression analyses were used to assess the prognostic value of BRCA mutations. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS A total of 67 BRCA carriers and 1235 noncarriers were included. At 3, 5, and 10 yr after treatment, 97%, 94%, and 84% of noncarriers and 90%, 72%, and 50% of carriers were free from metastasis (p<0.001). The 3-, 5- and 10-yr CSS rates were significantly better in the noncarrier cohort (99%, 97%, and 85%, respectively) than in carriers (96%, 76%, and 61%, respectively; p<0.001). Multivariate analysis confirmed BRCA mutations as an independent prognostic factor for MFS (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.36; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.38-4.03; p=0.002) and CSS (HR: 2.17; 95% CI, 1.16-4.07; p=0.016). CONCLUSIONS BRCA carriers had worse outcomes than noncarriers when conventionally treated for local/locally advanced PCa. PATIENT SUMMARY Prostate cancer patients with germline BRCA mutations had worse outcomes than noncarriers when conventionally treated with surgery or radiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Castro
- Prostate Cancer Unit, Clinical Research Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain; Oncogenetics Team, The Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, UK.
| | - Chee Goh
- Oncogenetics Team, The Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, UK
| | - Daniel Leongamornlert
- Oncogenetics Team, The Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, UK
| | - Ed Saunders
- Oncogenetics Team, The Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, UK
| | - Malgorzata Tymrakiewicz
- Oncogenetics Team, The Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, UK
| | - Tokhir Dadaev
- Oncogenetics Team, The Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, UK
| | - Koveela Govindasami
- Oncogenetics Team, The Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, UK
| | - Michelle Guy
- Oncogenetics Team, The Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, UK
| | - Steve Ellis
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Debra Frost
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Elizabeth Bancroft
- Oncogenetics Team, The Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, UK
| | - Trevor Cole
- West Midlands Regional Genetics Service, Birmingham Women's Hospital Healthcare NHS Trust, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Marc Tischkowitz
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - M John Kennedy
- Academic Unit of Clinical and Molecular Oncology, Trinity College Dublin and St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jacqueline Eason
- Nottingham Clinical Genetics Service, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - Carole Brewer
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, UK
| | - D Gareth Evans
- Genetic Medicine, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Rosemarie Davidson
- Ferguson-Smith Centre for Clinical Genetics, Yorkhill Hospitals, Glasgow, UK
| | - Diana Eccles
- University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton University Hospitals NHS Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Mary E Porteous
- South East of Scotland Regional Genetics Service, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Fiona Douglas
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Centre for Life, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | - Alan Donaldson
- Clinical Genetics Department, St. Michael's Hospital, Bristol, UK
| | - Antonis C Antoniou
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Zsofia Kote-Jarai
- Oncogenetics Team, The Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, UK
| | - Douglas F Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - David Olmos
- Prostate Cancer Unit, Clinical Research Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Rosalind Eeles
- Oncogenetics Team, The Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, UK
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Amin Al Olama A, Benlloch S, Antoniou AC, Giles GG, Severi G, Neal DE, Hamdy FC, Donovan JL, Muir K, Schleutker J, Henderson BE, Haiman CA, Schumacher FR, Pashayan N, Pharoah PDP, Ostrander EA, Stanford JL, Batra J, Clements JA, Chambers SK, Weischer M, Nordestgaard BG, Ingles SA, Sorensen KD, Orntoft TF, Park JY, Cybulski C, Maier C, Doerk T, Dickinson JL, Cannon-Albright L, Brenner H, Rebbeck TR, Zeigler-Johnson C, Habuchi T, Thibodeau SN, Cooney KA, Chappuis PO, Hutter P, Kaneva RP, Foulkes WD, Zeegers MP, Lu YJ, Zhang HW, Stephenson R, Cox A, Southey MC, Spurdle AB, FitzGerald L, Leongamornlert D, Saunders E, Tymrakiewicz M, Guy M, Dadaev T, Little SJ, Govindasami K, Sawyer E, Wilkinson R, Herkommer K, Hopper JL, Lophatonanon A, Rinckleb AE, Kote-Jarai Z, Eeles RA, Easton DF. Risk Analysis of Prostate Cancer in PRACTICAL, a Multinational Consortium, Using 25 Known Prostate Cancer Susceptibility Loci. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2015; 24:1121-9. [PMID: 25837820 PMCID: PMC4491026 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-14-0317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genome-wide association studies have identified multiple genetic variants associated with prostate cancer risk which explain a substantial proportion of familial relative risk. These variants can be used to stratify individuals by their risk of prostate cancer. METHODS We genotyped 25 prostate cancer susceptibility loci in 40,414 individuals and derived a polygenic risk score (PRS). We estimated empirical odds ratios (OR) for prostate cancer associated with different risk strata defined by PRS and derived age-specific absolute risks of developing prostate cancer by PRS stratum and family history. RESULTS The prostate cancer risk for men in the top 1% of the PRS distribution was 30.6 (95% CI, 16.4-57.3) fold compared with men in the bottom 1%, and 4.2 (95% CI, 3.2-5.5) fold compared with the median risk. The absolute risk of prostate cancer by age of 85 years was 65.8% for a man with family history in the top 1% of the PRS distribution, compared with 3.7% for a man in the bottom 1%. The PRS was only weakly correlated with serum PSA level (correlation = 0.09). CONCLUSIONS Risk profiling can identify men at substantially increased or reduced risk of prostate cancer. The effect size, measured by OR per unit PRS, was higher in men at younger ages and in men with family history of prostate cancer. Incorporating additional newly identified loci into a PRS should improve the predictive value of risk profiles. IMPACT We demonstrate that the risk profiling based on SNPs can identify men at substantially increased or reduced risk that could have useful implications for targeted prevention and screening programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Amin Al Olama
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
| | - Sara Benlloch
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Antonis C Antoniou
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Graham G Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, the Cancer Council Victoria, Carlton, Victoria, Australia. Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic, and Analytic Epidemiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gianluca Severi
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, the Cancer Council Victoria, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
| | - David E Neal
- University of Cambridge, Department of Oncology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom. Cancer Research UK Cambridge Research Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Freddie C Hamdy
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom. Faculty of Medical Science, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jenny L Donovan
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Kenneth Muir
- The University of Manchester, Centre for Epidemiology, Institute of Population Health, Manchester, United Kingdom. University of Warwick, University House, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Johanna Schleutker
- Institute of Biomedical Technology/BioMediTech, University of Tampere and FimLab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland. Department of Medical Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Brian E Henderson
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Los Angeles, California
| | - Christopher A Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Los Angeles, California
| | - Fredrick R Schumacher
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Los Angeles, California
| | - Nora Pashayan
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom. University College London, Department of Applied Health Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paul D P Pharoah
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Janet L Stanford
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Centre, Seattle, Washington. Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jyotsna Batra
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Qld, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation and School of Biomedical Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Judith A Clements
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Qld, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation and School of Biomedical Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Suzanne K Chambers
- Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia. Cancer Council Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. Prostate Cancer Foundation of Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | - Maren Weischer
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Børge G Nordestgaard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Sue A Ingles
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Los Angeles, California
| | - Karina D Sorensen
- Department of Molecular Medicine (MOMA), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Torben F Orntoft
- Department of Molecular Medicine (MOMA), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Jong Y Park
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Centre, Tampa, Florida
| | - Cezary Cybulski
- International Hereditary Cancer Centre, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | | | - Thilo Doerk
- Hannover Biomedical Research School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Joanne L Dickinson
- University of Tasmania, Menzies Research Institute Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Lisa Cannon-Albright
- Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah. George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Centre, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Ageing Research, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany. German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Charnita Zeigler-Johnson
- Division of Population Sciences, Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Tomonori Habuchi
- Department of Urology, Akita University School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | | | - Kathleen A Cooney
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Pierre O Chappuis
- Divisions of Oncology and Genetic Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Pierre Hutter
- Hopital Cantonal Universitaire de Geneve, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Radka P Kaneva
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine Centre, Medical University-Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | | - Maurice P Zeegers
- Department of Complex Genetics, Cluster of Genetics and Cell Biology, NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology, and Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Yong-Jie Lu
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hong-Wei Zhang
- Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Robert Stephenson
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Angela Cox
- CR-UK/YCR Sheffield Cancer Research Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Melissa C Southey
- Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Amanda B Spurdle
- Molecular Cancer Epidemiology Laboratory, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Liesel FitzGerald
- Cancer Council Victoria, Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Michelle Guy
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tokhir Dadaev
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah J Little
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Emma Sawyer
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - John L Hopper
- Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic, and Analytic Epidemiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Aritaya Lophatonanon
- University of Warwick, University House, Coventry, United Kingdom. Institute of Biomedical Technology/BioMediTech, University of Tampere and FimLab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | | | | | | | - Douglas F Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
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Cooper CS, Eeles R, Wedge DC, Van Loo P, Gundem G, Alexandrov LB, Kremeyer B, Butler A, Lynch AG, Camacho N, Massie CE, Kay J, Luxton HJ, Edwards S, Kote-Jarai Z, Dennis N, Merson S, Leongamornlert D, Zamora J, Corbishley C, Thomas S, Nik-Zainal S, Ramakrishna M, O'Meara S, Matthews L, Clark J, Hurst R, Mithen R, Bristow RG, Boutros PC, Fraser M, Cooke S, Raine K, Jones D, Menzies A, Stebbings L, Hinton J, Teague J, McLaren S, Mudie L, Hardy C, Anderson E, Joseph O, Goody V, Robinson B, Maddison M, Gamble S, Greenman C, Berney D, Hazell S, Livni N, Fisher C, Ogden C, Kumar P, Thompson A, Woodhouse C, Nicol D, Mayer E, Dudderidge T, Shah NC, Gnanapragasam V, Voet T, Campbell P, Futreal A, Easton D, Warren AY, Foster CS, Stratton MR, Whitaker HC, McDermott U, Brewer DS, Neal DE. Corrigendum: analysis of the genetic phylogeny of multifocal prostate cancer identifies multiple independent clonal expansions in neoplastic and morphologically normal prostate tissue. Nat Genet 2015; 47:689. [PMID: 26018901 DOI: 10.1038/ng0615-689b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Cooper CS, Eeles R, Wedge DC, Van Loo P, Gundem G, Alexandrov LB, Kremeyer B, Butler A, Lynch AG, Camacho N, Massie CE, Kay J, Luxton HJ, Edwards S, Kote-Jarai ZS, Dennis N, Merson S, Leongamornlert D, Zamora J, Corbishley C, Thomas S, Nik-Zainal S, O'Meara S, Matthews L, Clark J, Hurst R, Mithen R, Bristow RG, Boutros PC, Fraser M, Cooke S, Raine K, Jones D, Menzies A, Stebbings L, Hinton J, Teague J, McLaren S, Mudie L, Hardy C, Anderson E, Joseph O, Goody V, Robinson B, Maddison M, Gamble S, Greenman C, Berney D, Hazell S, Livni N, Fisher C, Ogden C, Kumar P, Thompson A, Woodhouse C, Nicol D, Mayer E, Dudderidge T, Shah NC, Gnanapragasam V, Voet T, Campbell P, Futreal A, Easton D, Warren AY, Foster CS, Stratton MR, Whitaker HC, McDermott U, Brewer DS, Neal DE. Analysis of the genetic phylogeny of multifocal prostate cancer identifies multiple independent clonal expansions in neoplastic and morphologically normal prostate tissue. Nat Genet 2015; 47:367-372. [PMID: 25730763 PMCID: PMC4380509 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 316] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wide DNA sequencing was used to decrypt the phylogeny of multiple samples from distinct areas of cancer and morphologically normal tissue taken from the prostates of three men. Mutations were present at high levels in morphologically normal tissue distant from the cancer, reflecting clonal expansions, and the underlying mutational processes at work in morphologically normal tissue were also at work in cancer. Our observations demonstrate the existence of ongoing abnormal mutational processes, consistent with field effects, underlying carcinogenesis. This mechanism gives rise to extensive branching evolution and cancer clone mixing, as exemplified by the coexistence of multiple cancer lineages harboring distinct ERG fusions within a single cancer nodule. Subsets of mutations were shared either by morphologically normal and malignant tissues or between different ERG lineages, indicating earlier or separate clonal cell expansions. Our observations inform on the origin of multifocal disease and have implications for prostate cancer therapy in individual cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin S Cooper
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute Of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Department of Biological Sciences University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Rosalind Eeles
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute Of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London and Sutton, UK
| | - David C Wedge
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Peter Van Loo
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
- Human Genome Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics, VIB and KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, London, UK
| | - Gunes Gundem
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | | | - Barbara Kremeyer
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Adam Butler
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Andrew G Lynch
- Statistics and Computational Biology Laboratory, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Research Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Niedzica Camacho
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute Of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Charlie E Massie
- Urological Research Laboratory, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Research Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jonathan Kay
- Urological Research Laboratory, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Research Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hayley J Luxton
- Urological Research Laboratory, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Research Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sandra Edwards
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute Of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - ZSofia Kote-Jarai
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute Of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Nening Dennis
- Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London and Sutton, UK
| | - Sue Merson
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute Of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | | | - Jorge Zamora
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | | | - Sarah Thomas
- Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London and Sutton, UK
| | | | - Sarah O'Meara
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Lucy Matthews
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute Of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Jeremy Clark
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Rachel Hurst
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Richard Mithen
- Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Robert G Bristow
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre-University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Paul C Boutros
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Informatics and Bio-Computing, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Canada
- Department Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Michael Fraser
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre-University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Susanna Cooke
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Keiran Raine
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - David Jones
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Andrew Menzies
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Lucy Stebbings
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Jon Hinton
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Jon Teague
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Stuart McLaren
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Laura Mudie
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Claire Hardy
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | | | - Olivia Joseph
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Victoria Goody
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Ben Robinson
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Mark Maddison
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Stephen Gamble
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | | | - Dan Berney
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Centre, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK
| | - Steven Hazell
- Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London and Sutton, UK
| | - Naomi Livni
- Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London and Sutton, UK
| | - Cyril Fisher
- Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London and Sutton, UK
| | | | - Pardeep Kumar
- Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London and Sutton, UK
| | - Alan Thompson
- Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London and Sutton, UK
| | | | - David Nicol
- Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London and Sutton, UK
| | - Erik Mayer
- Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London and Sutton, UK
| | - Tim Dudderidge
- Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London and Sutton, UK
| | - Nimish C Shah
- Urological Research Laboratory, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Research Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Vincent Gnanapragasam
- Urological Research Laboratory, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Research Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Thierry Voet
- Laboratory of Reproductive Genomics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter Campbell
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Andrew Futreal
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Douglas Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Anne Y Warren
- Department of Histopathology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - Hayley C Whitaker
- Urological Research Laboratory, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Research Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ultan McDermott
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Daniel S Brewer
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute Of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
- The Genome Analysis Centre, Norwich, UK
| | - David E Neal
- Urological Research Laboratory, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Research Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
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Mikropoulos C, Selkirk C, Saya S, Bancroft E, Dadaev T, Brendler C, Saunders E, Leongamornlert D, Page E, Borrella CC, study Collaborators And Steering Group TIMPACT, Moss S, Kote-Jarai Z, Helfand B, Eeles RA. Prostate-specific antigen velocity as a predictive biomarker in a prospective prostate cancer screening study (IMPACT study). J Clin Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2015.33.7_suppl.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
16 Background: We retrospectively assessed the clinical application of Prostate Specific Antigen Velocity (PSA V) in the IMPACT study (Identification of Men with a genetic predisposition to ProstAte Cancer: Targeted screening in men at higher genetic risk and controls). This is a case-control prostate cancer (PrCa) screening study for men with a known genetic predisposition to PrCa; participants with a single PSA reading above 3ng/ml are offered diagnostic TRUS prostate biopsies (PB). Methods: We calculated PSA velocity (PSA V) using all three validated methods, including the arithmetic mean, the linear regression and the first and last readings equations. Pearson chi-square test was used to compare PSA V between four genetic groups: BRCA1 carriers and BRCA1 negative controls and BRCA2 carriers and BRCA2 negative controls. Results: PSA V data were evaluated in 191 men who underwent a PB with a total of 57 PrCas diagnosed. PSA V using both a threshold of 0ng/ml/year and 0.75ng/ml/year in any of the three methods was not predictive of PrCa diagnosis in BRCA1/2 controls and BRCA1 carriers. Conversely, BRCA2 carriers with a PSA V over 0.75ng/ml/year (by linear regression) were 5 times more likely to be diagnosed with PrCa [95%CI=1.5-14; p=0.003]. Interestingly PSA V using linear regression was predictive of clinically significant tumours as defined by Gleason Score (GS) >= 7. Regardless of their genetic status, men with a PSA V over 0.75/ng/ml/year were 3 times more likely to have a clinically significant PrCa [95% CI: 1.006-11.107; p=0.045] whereas men with a BRCA2 mutation were 12 times more likely [95%CI: 1.1-98; p=0.039]. Conclusions: PSA V is an important tool for identifying which men with a BRCA2 mutation would benefit from a prostatic biopsy and could be incorporated into a predictive model, along with the total PSA value. PSA V also predicts for tumour aggressiveness regardless of genetic predisposition, but more so for those with a known high risk gene mutation. Clinical trial information: NCT00261456.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sibel Saya
- Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Tokhir Dadaev
- The Institute of Cancer Research, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | | | - Edward Saunders
- The Institute of Cancer Research, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Leongamornlert
- The Institute of Cancer Research, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Page
- The Institute of Cancer Research, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Sue Moss
- Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Zsofia Kote-Jarai
- The Institute of Cancer Research, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ros A. Eeles
- The Institute of Cancer Research, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, United Kingdom
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Kote-Jarai Z, Saunders E, Dadaev T, Leongamornlert D, Jugurnauth-Little S, Tymrakiewicz M, Govindasami K, Wiklund F, Olama AAA, Benlloch S, Easton D, Muir K, Eeles R. Abstract 5065: Fine-mapping the HOXB region detects common variants tagging a rare coding allele: Evidence for synthetic association in prostate cancer. Cancer Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2014-5065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The HOXB13 gene has been implicated in prostate cancer susceptibility. We performed a high resolution fine-mapping analysis to comprehensively evaluate the association between common genetic variation across the HOXB genetic locus at 17q21 and PrCa risk. This involved genotyping 700 SNPs using a custom Illumina iSelect array (iCOGS) followed by imputation of 3195 SNPs in 20,440 prostate cancer cases and 21,469 controls in The PRACTICAL consortium. We identified a cluster of highly correlated common variants situated within or closely upstream of HOXB13 that were significantly associated with prostate cancer risk, described by rs117576373, OR 1.30, P = 2.62×10-14. Additional genotyping, conditional regression and haplotype analyses indicated that the newly identified common variants tag a rare, partially correlated coding variant in the HOXB13 gene, G84E, rs138213197, which has been identified recently as a moderate penetrance prostate cancer susceptibility allele. The potential for GWAS associations detected through common SNPs to be driven by rare causal variants with higher relative risks has long been proposed; however, to our knowledge this is the first experimental evidence for this phenomenon of synthetic association contributing to cancer susceptibility.
Citation Format: Zsofia Kote-Jarai, Edward Saunders, Tokhir Dadaev, Daniel Leongamornlert, Sarah Jugurnauth-Little, Malgorzata Tymrakiewicz, Koveela Govindasami, Fredrik Wiklund, Ali Amin Al Olama, Sara Benlloch, The PRACTICAL Consortium, Douglas Easton, Keneth Muir, Rosalind Eeles. Fine-mapping the HOXB region detects common variants tagging a rare coding allele: Evidence for synthetic association in prostate cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 5065. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-5065
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tokhir Dadaev
- 1The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Keneth Muir
- 4University of Warrick, Warrick, United Kingdom
| | - Rosalind Eeles
- 1The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, United Kingdom
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41
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Al Olama AA, Kote-Jarai Z, Berndt SI, Conti DV, Schumacher F, Han Y, Benlloch S, Hazelett DJ, Wang Z, Saunders E, Leongamornlert D, Lindstrom S, Jugurnauth-Little S, Dadaev T, Tymrakiewicz M, Stram DO, Rand K, Wan P, Stram A, Sheng X, Pooler LC, Park K, Xia L, Tyrer J, Kolonel LN, Le Marchand L, Hoover RN, Machiela MJ, Yeager M, Burdette L, Chung CC, Hutchinson A, Yu K, Goh C, Ahmed M, Govindasami K, Guy M, Tammela TLJ, Auvinen A, Wahlfors T, Schleutker J, Visakorpi T, Leinonen KA, Xu J, Aly M, Donovan J, Travis RC, Key TJ, Siddiq A, Canzian F, Khaw KT, Takahashi A, Kubo M, Pharoah P, Pashayan N, Weischer M, Nordestgaard BG, Nielsen SF, Klarskov P, Røder MA, Iversen P, Thibodeau SN, McDonnell SK, Schaid DJ, Stanford JL, Kolb S, Holt S, Knudsen B, Coll AH, Gapstur SM, Diver WR, Stevens VL, Maier C, Luedeke M, Herkommer K, Rinckleb AE, Strom SS, Pettaway C, Yeboah ED, Tettey Y, Biritwum RB, Adjei AA, Tay E, Truelove A, Niwa S, Chokkalingam AP, Cannon-Albright L, Cybulski C, Wokołorczyk D, Kluźniak W, Park J, Sellers T, Lin HY, Isaacs WB, Partin AW, Brenner H, Dieffenbach AK, Stegmaier C, Chen C, Giovannucci EL, Ma J, Stampfer M, Penney KL, Mucci L, John EM, Ingles SA, Kittles RA, Murphy AB, Pandha H, Michael A, Kierzek AM, Blot W, Signorello LB, Zheng W, Albanes D, Virtamo J, Weinstein S, Nemesure B, Carpten J, Leske C, Wu SY, Hennis A, Kibel AS, Rybicki BA, Neslund-Dudas C, Hsing AW, Chu L, Goodman PJ, Klein EA, Zheng SL, Batra J, Clements J, Spurdle A, Teixeira MR, Paulo P, Maia S, Slavov C, Kaneva R, Mitev V, Witte JS, Casey G, Gillanders EM, Seminara D, Riboli E, Hamdy FC, Coetzee GA, Li Q, Freedman ML, Hunter DJ, Muir K, Gronberg H, Neal DE, Southey M, Giles GG, Severi G, Cook MB, Nakagawa H, Wiklund F, Kraft P, Chanock SJ, Henderson BE, Easton DF, Eeles RA, Haiman CA. A meta-analysis of 87,040 individuals identifies 23 new susceptibility loci for prostate cancer. Nat Genet 2014; 46:1103-9. [PMID: 25217961 PMCID: PMC4383163 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 344] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified 76 variants associated with prostate cancer risk predominantly in populations of European ancestry. To identify additional susceptibility loci for this common cancer, we conducted a meta-analysis of > 10 million SNPs in 43,303 prostate cancer cases and 43,737 controls from studies in populations of European, African, Japanese and Latino ancestry. Twenty-three new susceptibility loci were identified at association P < 5 × 10(-8); 15 variants were identified among men of European ancestry, 7 were identified in multi-ancestry analyses and 1 was associated with early-onset prostate cancer. These 23 variants, in combination with known prostate cancer risk variants, explain 33% of the familial risk for this disease in European-ancestry populations. These findings provide new regions for investigation into the pathogenesis of prostate cancer and demonstrate the usefulness of combining ancestrally diverse populations to discover risk loci for disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Amin Al Olama
- 1] Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. [2]
| | | | - Sonja I Berndt
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, US National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - David V Conti
- 1] Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA. [2] Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Fredrick Schumacher
- 1] Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA. [2] Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ying Han
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Sara Benlloch
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Dennis J Hazelett
- 1] Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA. [2] Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Zhaoming Wang
- 1] Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, US National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. [2] Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | - Sara Lindstrom
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | | | - Daniel O Stram
- 1] Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA. [2] Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kristin Rand
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Peggy Wan
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Alex Stram
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Xin Sheng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Loreall C Pooler
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Karen Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Lucy Xia
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jonathan Tyrer
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Laurence N Kolonel
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Loic Le Marchand
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Robert N Hoover
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, US National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mitchell J Machiela
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, US National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Merideth Yeager
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, US National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Laurie Burdette
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, US National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Charles C Chung
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, US National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Amy Hutchinson
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, US National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kai Yu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, US National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Chee Goh
- Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | | | | | | | - Teuvo L J Tammela
- Department of Urology, Tampere University Hospital and Medical School, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Anssi Auvinen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Health Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Tiina Wahlfors
- BioMediTech, University of Tampere and FimLab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | - Johanna Schleutker
- 1] BioMediTech, University of Tampere and FimLab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland. [2] Department of Medical Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Tapio Visakorpi
- Institute of Biomedical Technology/BioMediTech, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Katri A Leinonen
- Institute of Biomedical Technology/BioMediTech, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jianfeng Xu
- Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Markus Aly
- 1] Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden. [2] Department of Clinical Sciences at Danderyds Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jenny Donovan
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Ruth C Travis
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Tim J Key
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Afshan Siddiq
- Department of Genomics of Common Disease, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Federico Canzian
- Genomic Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- Clinical Gerontology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Atsushi Takahashi
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Michiaki Kubo
- Laboratory for Genotyping Development, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Paul Pharoah
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nora Pashayan
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Maren Weischer
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Borge G Nordestgaard
- 1] Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark. [2] Faculty of Healthy and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Sune F Nielsen
- 1] Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark. [2] Faculty of Healthy and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Peter Klarskov
- Department of Urology, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Martin Andreas Røder
- Copenhagen Prostate Cancer Center, Department of Urology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Iversen
- Copenhagen Prostate Cancer Center, Department of Urology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | | | - Janet L Stanford
- 1] Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA. [2] Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Suzanne Kolb
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Sarah Holt
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Beatrice Knudsen
- Translational Pathology, Cedars-Sinai, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Susan M Gapstur
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - W Ryan Diver
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Victoria L Stevens
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Manuel Luedeke
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Kathleen Herkommer
- Department of Urology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Sara S Strom
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Curtis Pettaway
- Department of Urology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Edward D Yeboah
- 1] University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana. [2] Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
| | - Yao Tettey
- 1] University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana. [2] Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
| | - Richard B Biritwum
- 1] University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana. [2] Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
| | - Andrew A Adjei
- 1] University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana. [2] Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
| | - Evelyn Tay
- 1] University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana. [2] Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
| | | | | | - Anand P Chokkalingam
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Lisa Cannon-Albright
- 1] Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA. [2] George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Cezary Cybulski
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Dominika Wokołorczyk
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Wojciech Kluźniak
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jong Park
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Thomas Sellers
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Hui-Yi Lin
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - William B Isaacs
- James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Alan W Partin
- James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Hermann Brenner
- 1] Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany. [2] German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Aida Karina Dieffenbach
- 1] Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany. [2] German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Constance Chen
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Edward L Giovannucci
- 1] Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jing Ma
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Meir Stampfer
- 1] Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [3] Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kathryn L Penney
- 1] Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lorelei Mucci
- 1] Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Esther M John
- 1] Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, California, USA. [2] Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Sue A Ingles
- 1] Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA. [2] Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Rick A Kittles
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Adam B Murphy
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Hardev Pandha
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Agnieszka Michael
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Andrzej M Kierzek
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - William Blot
- 1] International Epidemiology Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA. [2] Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Lisa B Signorello
- 1] Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Demetrius Albanes
- Nutritional Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, US National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jarmo Virtamo
- Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Stephanie Weinstein
- Nutritional Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, US National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Barbara Nemesure
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - John Carpten
- Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Cristina Leske
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Suh-Yuh Wu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Anselm Hennis
- 1] Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA. [2] Chronic Disease Research Centre, University of the West Indies, Bridgetown, Barbados
| | - Adam S Kibel
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Benjamin A Rybicki
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Ann W Hsing
- 1] Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, California, USA. [2] Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Lisa Chu
- 1] Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, California, USA. [2] Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Phyllis J Goodman
- Southwest Oncology Group Statistical Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Eric A Klein
- Department of Urology, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - S Lilly Zheng
- Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jyotsna Batra
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation and School of Biomedical Science, Queensland University of Technology, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Judith Clements
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation and School of Biomedical Science, Queensland University of Technology, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Amanda Spurdle
- Molecular Cancer Epidemiology Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Manuel R Teixeira
- 1] Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute, Porto, Portugal. [2] Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Paulo
- Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sofia Maia
- Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute, Porto, Portugal
| | - Chavdar Slavov
- Department of Urology, Medical University-Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Radka Kaneva
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine Center, Medical University-Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Vanio Mitev
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine Center, Medical University-Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - John S Witte
- 1] Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA. [2] Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Graham Casey
- 1] Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA. [2] Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Gillanders
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Daniella Seminara
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Elio Riboli
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Freddie C Hamdy
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Gerhard A Coetzee
- 1] Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA. [2] Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Qiyuan Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Matthew L Freedman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David J Hunter
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kenneth Muir
- 1] Institute of Population Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK. [2] Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Henrik Gronberg
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - David E Neal
- 1] Cancer Research UK, Cambridge Research Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, UK. [2] Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Melissa Southey
- Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Graham G Giles
- 1] Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. [2] Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gianluca Severi
- 1] Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. [2] Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. [3] Human Genetics Foundation, Torino, Italy
| | - Michael B Cook
- 1] Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, US National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. [2]
| | - Hidewaki Nakagawa
- 1] Laboratory for Genome Sequencing Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan. [2]
| | - Fredrik Wiklund
- 1] Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden. [2]
| | - Peter Kraft
- 1] Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [3]
| | - Stephen J Chanock
- 1] Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, US National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. [2]
| | - Brian E Henderson
- 1] Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA. [2] Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA. [3]
| | - Douglas F Easton
- 1] Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. [2]
| | - Rosalind A Eeles
- 1] Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK. [2] Royal Marsden National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, London and Sutton, UK. [3]
| | - Christopher A Haiman
- 1] Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA. [2] Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA. [3]
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Mikropoulos C, Dadaev T, Tymrakiewicz M, Leongamornlert D, Saunders E, Little S, Govindasami K, Guy M, Wilkinson R, Morgan A, Donovan J, Neal D, Hamdy F, Antoniou A, Eeles R, Kote-Jarai Z. Prevalence of Hoxb13G84E Germline Mutation in Uk Prostate Cancer Cases; Correlation with Tumour Characteristics and Outcomes. Ann Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdu335.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Leongamornlert D, Saunders E, Dadaev T, Tymrakiewicz M, Goh C, Jugurnauth-Little S, Kozarewa I, Fenwick K, Assiotis I, Barrowdale D, Govindasami K, Guy M, Sawyer E, Wilkinson R, Antoniou AC, Eeles R, Kote-Jarai Z. Frequent germline deleterious mutations in DNA repair genes in familial prostate cancer cases are associated with advanced disease. Br J Cancer 2014; 110:1663-72. [PMID: 24556621 PMCID: PMC3960610 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2013] [Revised: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer (PrCa) is one of the most common diseases to affect men worldwide and among the leading causes of cancer-related death. The purpose of this study was to use second-generation sequencing technology to assess the frequency of deleterious mutations in 22 tumour suppressor genes in familial PrCa and estimate the relative risk of PrCa if these genes are mutated. METHODS Germline DNA samples from 191 men with 3 or more cases of PrCa in their family were sequenced for 22 tumour suppressor genes using Agilent target enrichment and Illumina technology. Analysis for genetic variation was carried out by using a pipeline consisting of BWA, Genome Analysis Toolkit (GATK) and ANNOVAR. Clinical features were correlated with mutation status using standard statistical tests. Modified segregation analysis was used to determine the relative risk of PrCa conferred by the putative loss-of-function (LoF) mutations identified. RESULTS We discovered 14 putative LoF mutations in 191 samples (7.3%) and these mutations were more frequently associated with nodal involvement, metastasis or T4 tumour stage (P=0.00164). Segregation analysis of probands with European ancestry estimated that LoF mutations in any of the studied genes confer a relative risk of PrCa of 1.94 (95% CI: 1.56-2.42). CONCLUSIONS These findings show that LoF mutations in DNA repair pathway genes predispose to familial PrCa and advanced disease and therefore warrants further investigation. The clinical utility of these findings will become increasingly important as targeted screening and therapies become more widespread.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Leongamornlert
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, UK
| | - E Saunders
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, UK
| | - T Dadaev
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, UK
| | - M Tymrakiewicz
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, UK
| | - C Goh
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, UK
| | - S Jugurnauth-Little
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, UK
| | - I Kozarewa
- Division of Breast Cancer Research, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, UK
| | - K Fenwick
- Division of Breast Cancer Research, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, UK
| | - I Assiotis
- Division of Breast Cancer Research, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, UK
| | - D Barrowdale
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - K Govindasami
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, UK
| | - M Guy
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, UK
| | - E Sawyer
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, UK
| | - R Wilkinson
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, UK
| | - The UKGPCS Collaborators
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, UK
- Division of Breast Cancer Research, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, UK
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London SM2 5PT, UK
| | - A C Antoniou
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - R Eeles
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, UK
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London SM2 5PT, UK
| | - Z Kote-Jarai
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, UK
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Killick E, Tymrakiewicz M, Cieza-Borrella C, Smith P, Thompson DJ, Pooley KA, Easton DF, Bancroft E, Page E, Leongamornlert D, Kote-Jarai Z, Eeles RA. Telomere length shows no association with BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation status. PLoS One 2014; 9:e86659. [PMID: 24489760 PMCID: PMC3906069 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine whether telomere length (TL) is a marker of cancer risk or genetic status amongst two cohorts of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers and controls. The first group was a prospective set of 665 male BRCA1/2 mutation carriers and controls (mean age 53 years), all healthy at time of enrollment and blood donation, 21 of whom have developed prostate cancer whilst on study. The second group consisted of 283 female BRCA1/2 mutation carriers and controls (mean age 48 years), half of whom had been diagnosed with breast cancer prior to enrollment. TL was quantified by qPCR from DNA extracted from peripheral blood lymphocytes. Weighted and unweighted Cox regressions and linear regression analyses were used to assess whether TL was associated with BRCA1/2 mutation status or cancer risk. We found no evidence for association between developing cancer or being a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation carrier and telomere length. It is the first study investigating TL in a cohort of genetically predisposed males and although TL and BRCA status was previously studied in females our results don't support the previous finding of association between hereditary breast cancer and shorter TL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Killick
- Division of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Oncogentics, Institute of Cancer Research, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Paula Smith
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Deborah J. Thompson
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Karen A. Pooley
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Doug F. Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Bancroft
- Cancer Genetics, Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Page
- Oncogentics, Institute of Cancer Research, Surrey, United Kingdom
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Mikropoulos C, Goh C, Leongamornlert D, Kote-Jarai Z, Eeles R. Translating genetic risk factors for prostate cancer to the clinic: 2013 and beyond. Future Oncol 2014; 10:1679-94. [PMID: 25145435 DOI: 10.2217/fon.14.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PrCa) is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in the male UK population, with over 40,000 new cases per year. PrCa has a complex, polygenic predisposition, due to rare variants such as BRCA and common variants such as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). With the introduction of genome-wide association studies, 78 susceptibility loci (SNPs) associated with PrCa risk have been identified. Genetic profiling could risk-stratify a population, leading to the discovery of a higher proportion of clinically significant disease and a reduction in the morbidity related to age-based prostate-specific antigen screening. Based on the combined risk of the 78 SNPs identified so far, the top 1% of the risk distribution has a 4.7-times higher risk of developing PrCa compared with the average of the general population.
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Howe K, Clark MD, Torroja CF, Torrance J, Berthelot C, Muffato M, Collins JE, Humphray S, McLaren K, Matthews L, McLaren S, Sealy I, Caccamo M, Churcher C, Scott C, Barrett JC, Koch R, Rauch GJ, White S, Chow W, Kilian B, Quintais LT, Guerra-Assunção JA, Zhou Y, Gu Y, Yen J, Vogel JH, Eyre T, Banerjee R, Chi J, Fu B, Langley E, Maguire SF, Laird G, Lloyd D, Kenyon E, Donaldson S, Sehra H, Almeida-King J, Loveland J, Trevanion S, Jones M, Quail M, Willey D, Hunt A, Burton J, Sims S, McLay K, Plumb B, Davis J, Clee C, Oliver K, Clark R, Riddle C, Elliott D, Threadgold G, Harden G, Ware D, Begum S, Mortimore B, Kerry G, Heath P, Phillimore B, Tracey A, Corby N, Dunn M, Johnson C, Wood J, Clark S, Pelan S, Griffiths G, Smith M, Glithero R, Howden P, Barker N, Lloyd C, Stevens C, Harley J, Holt K, Panagiotidis G, Lovell J, Beasley H, Henderson C, Gordon D, Auger K, Wright D, Collins J, Raisen C, Dyer L, Leung K, Robertson L, Ambridge K, Leongamornlert D, McGuire S, Gilderthorp R, Griffiths C, Manthravadi D, Nichol S, Barker G, Whitehead S, Kay M, Brown J, Murnane C, Gray E, Humphries M, Sycamore N, Barker D, Saunders D, Wallis J, Babbage A, Hammond S, Mashreghi-Mohammadi M, Barr L, Martin S, Wray P, Ellington A, Matthews N, Ellwood M, Woodmansey R, Clark G, Cooper JD, Tromans A, Grafham D, Skuce C, Pandian R, Andrews R, Harrison E, Kimberley A, Garnett J, Fosker N, Hall R, Garner P, Kelly D, Bird C, Palmer S, Gehring I, Berger A, Dooley C, Ersan-Ürün Z, Eser C, Geiger H, Geisler M, Karotki L, Kirn A, Konantz J, Konantz M, Oberländer M, Rudolph-Geiger S, Teucke M, Lanz C, Raddatz G, Osoegawa K, Zhu B, Rapp A, Widaa S, Langford C, Yang F, Schuster SC, Carter NP, Harrow J, Ning Z, Herrero J, Searle SMJ, Enright A, Geisler R, Plasterk RHA, Lee C, Westerfield M, de Jong PJ, Zon LI, Postlethwait JH, Volhard CN, Hubbard TJP, Crollius HR, Rogers J, Stemple DL. Erratum: Corrigendum: The zebrafish reference genome sequence and its relationship to the human genome. Nature 2013. [DOI: 10.1038/nature12813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Goh CL, Saunders E, Leongamornlert D, Dadaev T, Tymrakiewicz M, Thomas K, Selvadurai E, Woode-Amissah R, Mahmud N, Castro E, Olmos D, Guy M, Govindasami K, Wilkinson R, Sawyer E, Amin Al Olama A, Easton D, Kote-Jarai Z, Parker C, Eeles RA. Clinical implications of a prostate cancer risk SNP profile in two treatment cohorts. J Clin Oncol 2013. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2013.31.15_suppl.e16000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
e16000 Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) has a heritable risk and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have so far identified 76 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with PCa risk. Currently these SNPs have only been evaluated against overall PCa risk and several disease parameters. Their clinical utility remains undefined. We explore the potential prognostic role of the risk SNP profile in 2 PCa cohorts; Active Surveillance (AS) and androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Methods: PCa patients at the Royal Marsden Hospital who consented for DNA analyses were eligible. 2 separate cohorts were identified; those undergoing AS and those receiving ADT. The risk SNPs were genotyped using Sequenom or Fluidigm platforms. The cumulative SNP risk scores for each patient were calculated by summing risk alleles for each loci using the weighted effect as estimated in previous studies (log-additive model). For the AS group, the risk scores were analysed against defined adverse outcomes in AS, including adverse histology on repeat biopsy and time to treatment, to determine their prognostic value. For the ADT group, the risk scores were assessed against time to relapse, defined by either biochemical relapse or evidence of progression on imaging. Results: In the AS group, 391 patients’ DNA were studied. 31% of those have since undergone treatment and 30% have histological upgrade on repeat biopsies. On univariate analysis, there was no significant relationship between the risk scores and biopsy upgrade or time to treatment (p>0.05). When analysing differences in outcomes between the higher and lower risk groups (top 25% and lowest 25% of the genetic risk distribution), there was again no relationship (p>0.05). In the ADT group, 567 patients’ DNA were studied. The mean duration of response was 30 months. No significant associations were found when risk scores were analysed as a continuous variable against time to relapse on ADT, or when analysing difference between the top and bottom 25% of the risk distribution (p>0.05). Conclusions: PCa SNP risk scores have not been shown to be prognostic factors in either AS or ADT. This is the first study analysing the potential prognostic role of the latest GWAS risk SNPs in PCa treatment cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chee Leng Goh
- The Institute of Cancer Research, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - Ed Saunders
- The Institute of Cancer Research, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Leongamornlert
- The Institute of Cancer Research, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - Tokhir Dadaev
- The Institute of Cancer Research, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - Malgorzata Tymrakiewicz
- The Institute of Cancer Research, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - Karen Thomas
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Nadiya Mahmud
- The Institute of Cancer Research, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - Elena Castro
- Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Olmos
- Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Michelle Guy
- The Institute of Cancer Research, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - Koveela Govindasami
- The Institute of Cancer Research, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - Rosemary Wilkinson
- The Institute of Cancer Research, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Sawyer
- The Institute of Cancer Research, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Zsofia Kote-Jarai
- The Institute of Cancer Research, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Parker
- The Institute of Cancer Research, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - Ros A. Eeles
- The Institute of Cancer Research, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, United Kingdom
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Castro E, Goh C, Olmos D, Saunders E, Leongamornlert D, Tymrakiewicz M, Mahmud N, Dadaev T, Govindasami K, Guy M, Sawyer E, Wilkinson R, Ardern-Jones A, Ellis S, Frost D, Peock S, Evans DG, Tischkowitz M, Cole T, Davidson R, Eccles D, Brewer C, Douglas F, Porteous ME, Donaldson A, Dorkins H, Izatt L, Cook J, Hodgson S, Kennedy MJ, Side LE, Eason J, Murray A, Antoniou AC, Easton DF, Kote-Jarai Z, Eeles R. Germline BRCA mutations are associated with higher risk of nodal involvement, distant metastasis, and poor survival outcomes in prostate cancer. J Clin Oncol 2013; 31:1748-57. [PMID: 23569316 PMCID: PMC3641696 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2012.43.1882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 543] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To analyze the baseline clinicopathologic characteristics of prostate tumors with germline BRCA1 and BRCA2 (BRCA1/2) mutations and the prognostic value of those mutations on prostate cancer (PCa) outcomes. PATIENTS AND METHODS This study analyzed the tumor features and outcomes of 2,019 patients with PCa (18 BRCA1 carriers, 61 BRCA2 carriers, and 1,940 noncarriers). The Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression analysis were used to evaluate the associations between BRCA1/2 status and other PCa prognostic factors with overall survival (OS), cause-specific OS (CSS), CSS in localized PCa (CSS_M0), metastasis-free survival (MFS), and CSS from metastasis (CSS_M1). RESULTS PCa with germline BRCA1/2 mutations were more frequently associated with Gleason ≥ 8 (P = .00003), T3/T4 stage (P = .003), nodal involvement (P = .00005), and metastases at diagnosis (P = .005) than PCa in noncarriers. CSS was significantly longer in noncarriers than in carriers (15.7 v 8.6 years, multivariable analyses [MVA] P = .015; hazard ratio [HR] = 1.8). For localized PCa, 5-year CSS and MFS were significantly higher in noncarriers (96% v 82%; MVA P = .01; HR = 2.6%; and 93% v 77%; MVA P = .009; HR = 2.7, respectively). Subgroup analyses confirmed the poor outcomes in BRCA2 patients, whereas the role of BRCA1 was not well defined due to the limited size and follow-up in this subgroup. CONCLUSION Our results confirm that BRCA1/2 mutations confer a more aggressive PCa phenotype with a higher probability of nodal involvement and distant metastasis. BRCA mutations are associated with poor survival outcomes and this should be considered for tailoring clinical management of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Castro
- Elena Castro, Chee Goh, Ed Saunders, Daniel Leongamornlert, Malgorzata Tymrakiewicz, Nadiya Mahmud, Tokhir Dadaev, Koveela Govindasami, Michelle Guy, Emma Sawyer, Rosemary Wilkinson, Zsofia Kote-Jarai, and Rosalind Eeles, Institute of Cancer Research; Elena Castro, Chee Goh, Audrey Ardern-Jones, and Rosalind Eeles, Royal Marsden National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust; Louise Izatt, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust; Shirley Hodgson, St George's, University of London; Lucy E. Side, Great Ormond St Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London; Steve Ellis, Debra Frost, Susan Peock, Marc Tischkowitz, Antonis C. Antoniou, and Douglas F. Easton, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; D. Gareth Evans, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester; Trevor Cole, Birmingham Women's Hospital Healthcare NHS Trust, Edgbaston, Birmingham; Rosemarie Davidson, Yorkhill Hospitals, Glasgow; Diana Eccles, Southampton University Hospitals NHS Trust, Southampton; Carole Brewer, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter; Fiona Douglas, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne; Mary E. Porteous, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh; Alan Donaldson, St Michael's Hospital, Bristol; Huw Dorkins, Kennedy-Galton Centre, Harrow; Jackie Cook, Sheffield Children's Hospital, Sheffield; Jacqueline Eason, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham; Alex Murray, All Wales Medical Genetics Services, Singleton Hospital, Swansea, United Kingdom; Elena Castro and David Olmos, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain; and M. John Kennedy, Trinity College Dublin and St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Chee Goh
- Elena Castro, Chee Goh, Ed Saunders, Daniel Leongamornlert, Malgorzata Tymrakiewicz, Nadiya Mahmud, Tokhir Dadaev, Koveela Govindasami, Michelle Guy, Emma Sawyer, Rosemary Wilkinson, Zsofia Kote-Jarai, and Rosalind Eeles, Institute of Cancer Research; Elena Castro, Chee Goh, Audrey Ardern-Jones, and Rosalind Eeles, Royal Marsden National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust; Louise Izatt, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust; Shirley Hodgson, St George's, University of London; Lucy E. Side, Great Ormond St Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London; Steve Ellis, Debra Frost, Susan Peock, Marc Tischkowitz, Antonis C. Antoniou, and Douglas F. Easton, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; D. Gareth Evans, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester; Trevor Cole, Birmingham Women's Hospital Healthcare NHS Trust, Edgbaston, Birmingham; Rosemarie Davidson, Yorkhill Hospitals, Glasgow; Diana Eccles, Southampton University Hospitals NHS Trust, Southampton; Carole Brewer, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter; Fiona Douglas, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne; Mary E. Porteous, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh; Alan Donaldson, St Michael's Hospital, Bristol; Huw Dorkins, Kennedy-Galton Centre, Harrow; Jackie Cook, Sheffield Children's Hospital, Sheffield; Jacqueline Eason, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham; Alex Murray, All Wales Medical Genetics Services, Singleton Hospital, Swansea, United Kingdom; Elena Castro and David Olmos, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain; and M. John Kennedy, Trinity College Dublin and St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - David Olmos
- Elena Castro, Chee Goh, Ed Saunders, Daniel Leongamornlert, Malgorzata Tymrakiewicz, Nadiya Mahmud, Tokhir Dadaev, Koveela Govindasami, Michelle Guy, Emma Sawyer, Rosemary Wilkinson, Zsofia Kote-Jarai, and Rosalind Eeles, Institute of Cancer Research; Elena Castro, Chee Goh, Audrey Ardern-Jones, and Rosalind Eeles, Royal Marsden National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust; Louise Izatt, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust; Shirley Hodgson, St George's, University of London; Lucy E. Side, Great Ormond St Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London; Steve Ellis, Debra Frost, Susan Peock, Marc Tischkowitz, Antonis C. Antoniou, and Douglas F. Easton, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; D. Gareth Evans, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester; Trevor Cole, Birmingham Women's Hospital Healthcare NHS Trust, Edgbaston, Birmingham; Rosemarie Davidson, Yorkhill Hospitals, Glasgow; Diana Eccles, Southampton University Hospitals NHS Trust, Southampton; Carole Brewer, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter; Fiona Douglas, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne; Mary E. Porteous, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh; Alan Donaldson, St Michael's Hospital, Bristol; Huw Dorkins, Kennedy-Galton Centre, Harrow; Jackie Cook, Sheffield Children's Hospital, Sheffield; Jacqueline Eason, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham; Alex Murray, All Wales Medical Genetics Services, Singleton Hospital, Swansea, United Kingdom; Elena Castro and David Olmos, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain; and M. John Kennedy, Trinity College Dublin and St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ed Saunders
- Elena Castro, Chee Goh, Ed Saunders, Daniel Leongamornlert, Malgorzata Tymrakiewicz, Nadiya Mahmud, Tokhir Dadaev, Koveela Govindasami, Michelle Guy, Emma Sawyer, Rosemary Wilkinson, Zsofia Kote-Jarai, and Rosalind Eeles, Institute of Cancer Research; Elena Castro, Chee Goh, Audrey Ardern-Jones, and Rosalind Eeles, Royal Marsden National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust; Louise Izatt, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust; Shirley Hodgson, St George's, University of London; Lucy E. Side, Great Ormond St Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London; Steve Ellis, Debra Frost, Susan Peock, Marc Tischkowitz, Antonis C. Antoniou, and Douglas F. Easton, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; D. Gareth Evans, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester; Trevor Cole, Birmingham Women's Hospital Healthcare NHS Trust, Edgbaston, Birmingham; Rosemarie Davidson, Yorkhill Hospitals, Glasgow; Diana Eccles, Southampton University Hospitals NHS Trust, Southampton; Carole Brewer, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter; Fiona Douglas, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne; Mary E. Porteous, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh; Alan Donaldson, St Michael's Hospital, Bristol; Huw Dorkins, Kennedy-Galton Centre, Harrow; Jackie Cook, Sheffield Children's Hospital, Sheffield; Jacqueline Eason, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham; Alex Murray, All Wales Medical Genetics Services, Singleton Hospital, Swansea, United Kingdom; Elena Castro and David Olmos, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain; and M. John Kennedy, Trinity College Dublin and St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Daniel Leongamornlert
- Elena Castro, Chee Goh, Ed Saunders, Daniel Leongamornlert, Malgorzata Tymrakiewicz, Nadiya Mahmud, Tokhir Dadaev, Koveela Govindasami, Michelle Guy, Emma Sawyer, Rosemary Wilkinson, Zsofia Kote-Jarai, and Rosalind Eeles, Institute of Cancer Research; Elena Castro, Chee Goh, Audrey Ardern-Jones, and Rosalind Eeles, Royal Marsden National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust; Louise Izatt, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust; Shirley Hodgson, St George's, University of London; Lucy E. Side, Great Ormond St Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London; Steve Ellis, Debra Frost, Susan Peock, Marc Tischkowitz, Antonis C. Antoniou, and Douglas F. Easton, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; D. Gareth Evans, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester; Trevor Cole, Birmingham Women's Hospital Healthcare NHS Trust, Edgbaston, Birmingham; Rosemarie Davidson, Yorkhill Hospitals, Glasgow; Diana Eccles, Southampton University Hospitals NHS Trust, Southampton; Carole Brewer, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter; Fiona Douglas, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne; Mary E. Porteous, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh; Alan Donaldson, St Michael's Hospital, Bristol; Huw Dorkins, Kennedy-Galton Centre, Harrow; Jackie Cook, Sheffield Children's Hospital, Sheffield; Jacqueline Eason, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham; Alex Murray, All Wales Medical Genetics Services, Singleton Hospital, Swansea, United Kingdom; Elena Castro and David Olmos, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain; and M. John Kennedy, Trinity College Dublin and St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Malgorzata Tymrakiewicz
- Elena Castro, Chee Goh, Ed Saunders, Daniel Leongamornlert, Malgorzata Tymrakiewicz, Nadiya Mahmud, Tokhir Dadaev, Koveela Govindasami, Michelle Guy, Emma Sawyer, Rosemary Wilkinson, Zsofia Kote-Jarai, and Rosalind Eeles, Institute of Cancer Research; Elena Castro, Chee Goh, Audrey Ardern-Jones, and Rosalind Eeles, Royal Marsden National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust; Louise Izatt, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust; Shirley Hodgson, St George's, University of London; Lucy E. Side, Great Ormond St Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London; Steve Ellis, Debra Frost, Susan Peock, Marc Tischkowitz, Antonis C. Antoniou, and Douglas F. Easton, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; D. Gareth Evans, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester; Trevor Cole, Birmingham Women's Hospital Healthcare NHS Trust, Edgbaston, Birmingham; Rosemarie Davidson, Yorkhill Hospitals, Glasgow; Diana Eccles, Southampton University Hospitals NHS Trust, Southampton; Carole Brewer, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter; Fiona Douglas, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne; Mary E. Porteous, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh; Alan Donaldson, St Michael's Hospital, Bristol; Huw Dorkins, Kennedy-Galton Centre, Harrow; Jackie Cook, Sheffield Children's Hospital, Sheffield; Jacqueline Eason, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham; Alex Murray, All Wales Medical Genetics Services, Singleton Hospital, Swansea, United Kingdom; Elena Castro and David Olmos, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain; and M. John Kennedy, Trinity College Dublin and St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Nadiya Mahmud
- Elena Castro, Chee Goh, Ed Saunders, Daniel Leongamornlert, Malgorzata Tymrakiewicz, Nadiya Mahmud, Tokhir Dadaev, Koveela Govindasami, Michelle Guy, Emma Sawyer, Rosemary Wilkinson, Zsofia Kote-Jarai, and Rosalind Eeles, Institute of Cancer Research; Elena Castro, Chee Goh, Audrey Ardern-Jones, and Rosalind Eeles, Royal Marsden National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust; Louise Izatt, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust; Shirley Hodgson, St George's, University of London; Lucy E. Side, Great Ormond St Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London; Steve Ellis, Debra Frost, Susan Peock, Marc Tischkowitz, Antonis C. Antoniou, and Douglas F. Easton, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; D. Gareth Evans, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester; Trevor Cole, Birmingham Women's Hospital Healthcare NHS Trust, Edgbaston, Birmingham; Rosemarie Davidson, Yorkhill Hospitals, Glasgow; Diana Eccles, Southampton University Hospitals NHS Trust, Southampton; Carole Brewer, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter; Fiona Douglas, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne; Mary E. Porteous, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh; Alan Donaldson, St Michael's Hospital, Bristol; Huw Dorkins, Kennedy-Galton Centre, Harrow; Jackie Cook, Sheffield Children's Hospital, Sheffield; Jacqueline Eason, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham; Alex Murray, All Wales Medical Genetics Services, Singleton Hospital, Swansea, United Kingdom; Elena Castro and David Olmos, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain; and M. John Kennedy, Trinity College Dublin and St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Tokhir Dadaev
- Elena Castro, Chee Goh, Ed Saunders, Daniel Leongamornlert, Malgorzata Tymrakiewicz, Nadiya Mahmud, Tokhir Dadaev, Koveela Govindasami, Michelle Guy, Emma Sawyer, Rosemary Wilkinson, Zsofia Kote-Jarai, and Rosalind Eeles, Institute of Cancer Research; Elena Castro, Chee Goh, Audrey Ardern-Jones, and Rosalind Eeles, Royal Marsden National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust; Louise Izatt, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust; Shirley Hodgson, St George's, University of London; Lucy E. Side, Great Ormond St Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London; Steve Ellis, Debra Frost, Susan Peock, Marc Tischkowitz, Antonis C. Antoniou, and Douglas F. Easton, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; D. Gareth Evans, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester; Trevor Cole, Birmingham Women's Hospital Healthcare NHS Trust, Edgbaston, Birmingham; Rosemarie Davidson, Yorkhill Hospitals, Glasgow; Diana Eccles, Southampton University Hospitals NHS Trust, Southampton; Carole Brewer, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter; Fiona Douglas, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne; Mary E. Porteous, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh; Alan Donaldson, St Michael's Hospital, Bristol; Huw Dorkins, Kennedy-Galton Centre, Harrow; Jackie Cook, Sheffield Children's Hospital, Sheffield; Jacqueline Eason, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham; Alex Murray, All Wales Medical Genetics Services, Singleton Hospital, Swansea, United Kingdom; Elena Castro and David Olmos, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain; and M. John Kennedy, Trinity College Dublin and St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Koveela Govindasami
- Elena Castro, Chee Goh, Ed Saunders, Daniel Leongamornlert, Malgorzata Tymrakiewicz, Nadiya Mahmud, Tokhir Dadaev, Koveela Govindasami, Michelle Guy, Emma Sawyer, Rosemary Wilkinson, Zsofia Kote-Jarai, and Rosalind Eeles, Institute of Cancer Research; Elena Castro, Chee Goh, Audrey Ardern-Jones, and Rosalind Eeles, Royal Marsden National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust; Louise Izatt, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust; Shirley Hodgson, St George's, University of London; Lucy E. Side, Great Ormond St Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London; Steve Ellis, Debra Frost, Susan Peock, Marc Tischkowitz, Antonis C. Antoniou, and Douglas F. Easton, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; D. Gareth Evans, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester; Trevor Cole, Birmingham Women's Hospital Healthcare NHS Trust, Edgbaston, Birmingham; Rosemarie Davidson, Yorkhill Hospitals, Glasgow; Diana Eccles, Southampton University Hospitals NHS Trust, Southampton; Carole Brewer, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter; Fiona Douglas, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne; Mary E. Porteous, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh; Alan Donaldson, St Michael's Hospital, Bristol; Huw Dorkins, Kennedy-Galton Centre, Harrow; Jackie Cook, Sheffield Children's Hospital, Sheffield; Jacqueline Eason, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham; Alex Murray, All Wales Medical Genetics Services, Singleton Hospital, Swansea, United Kingdom; Elena Castro and David Olmos, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain; and M. John Kennedy, Trinity College Dublin and St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michelle Guy
- Elena Castro, Chee Goh, Ed Saunders, Daniel Leongamornlert, Malgorzata Tymrakiewicz, Nadiya Mahmud, Tokhir Dadaev, Koveela Govindasami, Michelle Guy, Emma Sawyer, Rosemary Wilkinson, Zsofia Kote-Jarai, and Rosalind Eeles, Institute of Cancer Research; Elena Castro, Chee Goh, Audrey Ardern-Jones, and Rosalind Eeles, Royal Marsden National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust; Louise Izatt, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust; Shirley Hodgson, St George's, University of London; Lucy E. Side, Great Ormond St Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London; Steve Ellis, Debra Frost, Susan Peock, Marc Tischkowitz, Antonis C. Antoniou, and Douglas F. Easton, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; D. Gareth Evans, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester; Trevor Cole, Birmingham Women's Hospital Healthcare NHS Trust, Edgbaston, Birmingham; Rosemarie Davidson, Yorkhill Hospitals, Glasgow; Diana Eccles, Southampton University Hospitals NHS Trust, Southampton; Carole Brewer, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter; Fiona Douglas, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne; Mary E. Porteous, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh; Alan Donaldson, St Michael's Hospital, Bristol; Huw Dorkins, Kennedy-Galton Centre, Harrow; Jackie Cook, Sheffield Children's Hospital, Sheffield; Jacqueline Eason, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham; Alex Murray, All Wales Medical Genetics Services, Singleton Hospital, Swansea, United Kingdom; Elena Castro and David Olmos, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain; and M. John Kennedy, Trinity College Dublin and St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Emma Sawyer
- Elena Castro, Chee Goh, Ed Saunders, Daniel Leongamornlert, Malgorzata Tymrakiewicz, Nadiya Mahmud, Tokhir Dadaev, Koveela Govindasami, Michelle Guy, Emma Sawyer, Rosemary Wilkinson, Zsofia Kote-Jarai, and Rosalind Eeles, Institute of Cancer Research; Elena Castro, Chee Goh, Audrey Ardern-Jones, and Rosalind Eeles, Royal Marsden National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust; Louise Izatt, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust; Shirley Hodgson, St George's, University of London; Lucy E. Side, Great Ormond St Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London; Steve Ellis, Debra Frost, Susan Peock, Marc Tischkowitz, Antonis C. Antoniou, and Douglas F. Easton, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; D. Gareth Evans, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester; Trevor Cole, Birmingham Women's Hospital Healthcare NHS Trust, Edgbaston, Birmingham; Rosemarie Davidson, Yorkhill Hospitals, Glasgow; Diana Eccles, Southampton University Hospitals NHS Trust, Southampton; Carole Brewer, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter; Fiona Douglas, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne; Mary E. Porteous, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh; Alan Donaldson, St Michael's Hospital, Bristol; Huw Dorkins, Kennedy-Galton Centre, Harrow; Jackie Cook, Sheffield Children's Hospital, Sheffield; Jacqueline Eason, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham; Alex Murray, All Wales Medical Genetics Services, Singleton Hospital, Swansea, United Kingdom; Elena Castro and David Olmos, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain; and M. John Kennedy, Trinity College Dublin and St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Rosemary Wilkinson
- Elena Castro, Chee Goh, Ed Saunders, Daniel Leongamornlert, Malgorzata Tymrakiewicz, Nadiya Mahmud, Tokhir Dadaev, Koveela Govindasami, Michelle Guy, Emma Sawyer, Rosemary Wilkinson, Zsofia Kote-Jarai, and Rosalind Eeles, Institute of Cancer Research; Elena Castro, Chee Goh, Audrey Ardern-Jones, and Rosalind Eeles, Royal Marsden National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust; Louise Izatt, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust; Shirley Hodgson, St George's, University of London; Lucy E. Side, Great Ormond St Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London; Steve Ellis, Debra Frost, Susan Peock, Marc Tischkowitz, Antonis C. Antoniou, and Douglas F. Easton, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; D. Gareth Evans, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester; Trevor Cole, Birmingham Women's Hospital Healthcare NHS Trust, Edgbaston, Birmingham; Rosemarie Davidson, Yorkhill Hospitals, Glasgow; Diana Eccles, Southampton University Hospitals NHS Trust, Southampton; Carole Brewer, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter; Fiona Douglas, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne; Mary E. Porteous, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh; Alan Donaldson, St Michael's Hospital, Bristol; Huw Dorkins, Kennedy-Galton Centre, Harrow; Jackie Cook, Sheffield Children's Hospital, Sheffield; Jacqueline Eason, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham; Alex Murray, All Wales Medical Genetics Services, Singleton Hospital, Swansea, United Kingdom; Elena Castro and David Olmos, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain; and M. John Kennedy, Trinity College Dublin and St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Audrey Ardern-Jones
- Elena Castro, Chee Goh, Ed Saunders, Daniel Leongamornlert, Malgorzata Tymrakiewicz, Nadiya Mahmud, Tokhir Dadaev, Koveela Govindasami, Michelle Guy, Emma Sawyer, Rosemary Wilkinson, Zsofia Kote-Jarai, and Rosalind Eeles, Institute of Cancer Research; Elena Castro, Chee Goh, Audrey Ardern-Jones, and Rosalind Eeles, Royal Marsden National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust; Louise Izatt, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust; Shirley Hodgson, St George's, University of London; Lucy E. Side, Great Ormond St Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London; Steve Ellis, Debra Frost, Susan Peock, Marc Tischkowitz, Antonis C. Antoniou, and Douglas F. Easton, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; D. Gareth Evans, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester; Trevor Cole, Birmingham Women's Hospital Healthcare NHS Trust, Edgbaston, Birmingham; Rosemarie Davidson, Yorkhill Hospitals, Glasgow; Diana Eccles, Southampton University Hospitals NHS Trust, Southampton; Carole Brewer, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter; Fiona Douglas, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne; Mary E. Porteous, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh; Alan Donaldson, St Michael's Hospital, Bristol; Huw Dorkins, Kennedy-Galton Centre, Harrow; Jackie Cook, Sheffield Children's Hospital, Sheffield; Jacqueline Eason, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham; Alex Murray, All Wales Medical Genetics Services, Singleton Hospital, Swansea, United Kingdom; Elena Castro and David Olmos, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain; and M. John Kennedy, Trinity College Dublin and St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Steve Ellis
- Elena Castro, Chee Goh, Ed Saunders, Daniel Leongamornlert, Malgorzata Tymrakiewicz, Nadiya Mahmud, Tokhir Dadaev, Koveela Govindasami, Michelle Guy, Emma Sawyer, Rosemary Wilkinson, Zsofia Kote-Jarai, and Rosalind Eeles, Institute of Cancer Research; Elena Castro, Chee Goh, Audrey Ardern-Jones, and Rosalind Eeles, Royal Marsden National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust; Louise Izatt, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust; Shirley Hodgson, St George's, University of London; Lucy E. Side, Great Ormond St Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London; Steve Ellis, Debra Frost, Susan Peock, Marc Tischkowitz, Antonis C. Antoniou, and Douglas F. Easton, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; D. Gareth Evans, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester; Trevor Cole, Birmingham Women's Hospital Healthcare NHS Trust, Edgbaston, Birmingham; Rosemarie Davidson, Yorkhill Hospitals, Glasgow; Diana Eccles, Southampton University Hospitals NHS Trust, Southampton; Carole Brewer, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter; Fiona Douglas, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne; Mary E. Porteous, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh; Alan Donaldson, St Michael's Hospital, Bristol; Huw Dorkins, Kennedy-Galton Centre, Harrow; Jackie Cook, Sheffield Children's Hospital, Sheffield; Jacqueline Eason, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham; Alex Murray, All Wales Medical Genetics Services, Singleton Hospital, Swansea, United Kingdom; Elena Castro and David Olmos, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain; and M. John Kennedy, Trinity College Dublin and St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Debra Frost
- Elena Castro, Chee Goh, Ed Saunders, Daniel Leongamornlert, Malgorzata Tymrakiewicz, Nadiya Mahmud, Tokhir Dadaev, Koveela Govindasami, Michelle Guy, Emma Sawyer, Rosemary Wilkinson, Zsofia Kote-Jarai, and Rosalind Eeles, Institute of Cancer Research; Elena Castro, Chee Goh, Audrey Ardern-Jones, and Rosalind Eeles, Royal Marsden National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust; Louise Izatt, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust; Shirley Hodgson, St George's, University of London; Lucy E. Side, Great Ormond St Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London; Steve Ellis, Debra Frost, Susan Peock, Marc Tischkowitz, Antonis C. Antoniou, and Douglas F. Easton, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; D. Gareth Evans, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester; Trevor Cole, Birmingham Women's Hospital Healthcare NHS Trust, Edgbaston, Birmingham; Rosemarie Davidson, Yorkhill Hospitals, Glasgow; Diana Eccles, Southampton University Hospitals NHS Trust, Southampton; Carole Brewer, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter; Fiona Douglas, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne; Mary E. Porteous, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh; Alan Donaldson, St Michael's Hospital, Bristol; Huw Dorkins, Kennedy-Galton Centre, Harrow; Jackie Cook, Sheffield Children's Hospital, Sheffield; Jacqueline Eason, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham; Alex Murray, All Wales Medical Genetics Services, Singleton Hospital, Swansea, United Kingdom; Elena Castro and David Olmos, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain; and M. John Kennedy, Trinity College Dublin and St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Susan Peock
- Elena Castro, Chee Goh, Ed Saunders, Daniel Leongamornlert, Malgorzata Tymrakiewicz, Nadiya Mahmud, Tokhir Dadaev, Koveela Govindasami, Michelle Guy, Emma Sawyer, Rosemary Wilkinson, Zsofia Kote-Jarai, and Rosalind Eeles, Institute of Cancer Research; Elena Castro, Chee Goh, Audrey Ardern-Jones, and Rosalind Eeles, Royal Marsden National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust; Louise Izatt, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust; Shirley Hodgson, St George's, University of London; Lucy E. Side, Great Ormond St Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London; Steve Ellis, Debra Frost, Susan Peock, Marc Tischkowitz, Antonis C. Antoniou, and Douglas F. Easton, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; D. Gareth Evans, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester; Trevor Cole, Birmingham Women's Hospital Healthcare NHS Trust, Edgbaston, Birmingham; Rosemarie Davidson, Yorkhill Hospitals, Glasgow; Diana Eccles, Southampton University Hospitals NHS Trust, Southampton; Carole Brewer, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter; Fiona Douglas, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne; Mary E. Porteous, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh; Alan Donaldson, St Michael's Hospital, Bristol; Huw Dorkins, Kennedy-Galton Centre, Harrow; Jackie Cook, Sheffield Children's Hospital, Sheffield; Jacqueline Eason, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham; Alex Murray, All Wales Medical Genetics Services, Singleton Hospital, Swansea, United Kingdom; Elena Castro and David Olmos, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain; and M. John Kennedy, Trinity College Dublin and St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - D. Gareth Evans
- Elena Castro, Chee Goh, Ed Saunders, Daniel Leongamornlert, Malgorzata Tymrakiewicz, Nadiya Mahmud, Tokhir Dadaev, Koveela Govindasami, Michelle Guy, Emma Sawyer, Rosemary Wilkinson, Zsofia Kote-Jarai, and Rosalind Eeles, Institute of Cancer Research; Elena Castro, Chee Goh, Audrey Ardern-Jones, and Rosalind Eeles, Royal Marsden National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust; Louise Izatt, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust; Shirley Hodgson, St George's, University of London; Lucy E. Side, Great Ormond St Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London; Steve Ellis, Debra Frost, Susan Peock, Marc Tischkowitz, Antonis C. Antoniou, and Douglas F. Easton, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; D. Gareth Evans, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester; Trevor Cole, Birmingham Women's Hospital Healthcare NHS Trust, Edgbaston, Birmingham; Rosemarie Davidson, Yorkhill Hospitals, Glasgow; Diana Eccles, Southampton University Hospitals NHS Trust, Southampton; Carole Brewer, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter; Fiona Douglas, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne; Mary E. Porteous, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh; Alan Donaldson, St Michael's Hospital, Bristol; Huw Dorkins, Kennedy-Galton Centre, Harrow; Jackie Cook, Sheffield Children's Hospital, Sheffield; Jacqueline Eason, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham; Alex Murray, All Wales Medical Genetics Services, Singleton Hospital, Swansea, United Kingdom; Elena Castro and David Olmos, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain; and M. John Kennedy, Trinity College Dublin and St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Marc Tischkowitz
- Elena Castro, Chee Goh, Ed Saunders, Daniel Leongamornlert, Malgorzata Tymrakiewicz, Nadiya Mahmud, Tokhir Dadaev, Koveela Govindasami, Michelle Guy, Emma Sawyer, Rosemary Wilkinson, Zsofia Kote-Jarai, and Rosalind Eeles, Institute of Cancer Research; Elena Castro, Chee Goh, Audrey Ardern-Jones, and Rosalind Eeles, Royal Marsden National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust; Louise Izatt, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust; Shirley Hodgson, St George's, University of London; Lucy E. Side, Great Ormond St Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London; Steve Ellis, Debra Frost, Susan Peock, Marc Tischkowitz, Antonis C. Antoniou, and Douglas F. Easton, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; D. Gareth Evans, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester; Trevor Cole, Birmingham Women's Hospital Healthcare NHS Trust, Edgbaston, Birmingham; Rosemarie Davidson, Yorkhill Hospitals, Glasgow; Diana Eccles, Southampton University Hospitals NHS Trust, Southampton; Carole Brewer, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter; Fiona Douglas, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne; Mary E. Porteous, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh; Alan Donaldson, St Michael's Hospital, Bristol; Huw Dorkins, Kennedy-Galton Centre, Harrow; Jackie Cook, Sheffield Children's Hospital, Sheffield; Jacqueline Eason, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham; Alex Murray, All Wales Medical Genetics Services, Singleton Hospital, Swansea, United Kingdom; Elena Castro and David Olmos, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain; and M. John Kennedy, Trinity College Dublin and St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Trevor Cole
- Elena Castro, Chee Goh, Ed Saunders, Daniel Leongamornlert, Malgorzata Tymrakiewicz, Nadiya Mahmud, Tokhir Dadaev, Koveela Govindasami, Michelle Guy, Emma Sawyer, Rosemary Wilkinson, Zsofia Kote-Jarai, and Rosalind Eeles, Institute of Cancer Research; Elena Castro, Chee Goh, Audrey Ardern-Jones, and Rosalind Eeles, Royal Marsden National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust; Louise Izatt, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust; Shirley Hodgson, St George's, University of London; Lucy E. Side, Great Ormond St Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London; Steve Ellis, Debra Frost, Susan Peock, Marc Tischkowitz, Antonis C. Antoniou, and Douglas F. Easton, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; D. Gareth Evans, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester; Trevor Cole, Birmingham Women's Hospital Healthcare NHS Trust, Edgbaston, Birmingham; Rosemarie Davidson, Yorkhill Hospitals, Glasgow; Diana Eccles, Southampton University Hospitals NHS Trust, Southampton; Carole Brewer, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter; Fiona Douglas, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne; Mary E. Porteous, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh; Alan Donaldson, St Michael's Hospital, Bristol; Huw Dorkins, Kennedy-Galton Centre, Harrow; Jackie Cook, Sheffield Children's Hospital, Sheffield; Jacqueline Eason, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham; Alex Murray, All Wales Medical Genetics Services, Singleton Hospital, Swansea, United Kingdom; Elena Castro and David Olmos, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain; and M. John Kennedy, Trinity College Dublin and St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Rosemarie Davidson
- Elena Castro, Chee Goh, Ed Saunders, Daniel Leongamornlert, Malgorzata Tymrakiewicz, Nadiya Mahmud, Tokhir Dadaev, Koveela Govindasami, Michelle Guy, Emma Sawyer, Rosemary Wilkinson, Zsofia Kote-Jarai, and Rosalind Eeles, Institute of Cancer Research; Elena Castro, Chee Goh, Audrey Ardern-Jones, and Rosalind Eeles, Royal Marsden National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust; Louise Izatt, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust; Shirley Hodgson, St George's, University of London; Lucy E. Side, Great Ormond St Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London; Steve Ellis, Debra Frost, Susan Peock, Marc Tischkowitz, Antonis C. Antoniou, and Douglas F. Easton, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; D. Gareth Evans, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester; Trevor Cole, Birmingham Women's Hospital Healthcare NHS Trust, Edgbaston, Birmingham; Rosemarie Davidson, Yorkhill Hospitals, Glasgow; Diana Eccles, Southampton University Hospitals NHS Trust, Southampton; Carole Brewer, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter; Fiona Douglas, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne; Mary E. Porteous, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh; Alan Donaldson, St Michael's Hospital, Bristol; Huw Dorkins, Kennedy-Galton Centre, Harrow; Jackie Cook, Sheffield Children's Hospital, Sheffield; Jacqueline Eason, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham; Alex Murray, All Wales Medical Genetics Services, Singleton Hospital, Swansea, United Kingdom; Elena Castro and David Olmos, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain; and M. John Kennedy, Trinity College Dublin and St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Diana Eccles
- Elena Castro, Chee Goh, Ed Saunders, Daniel Leongamornlert, Malgorzata Tymrakiewicz, Nadiya Mahmud, Tokhir Dadaev, Koveela Govindasami, Michelle Guy, Emma Sawyer, Rosemary Wilkinson, Zsofia Kote-Jarai, and Rosalind Eeles, Institute of Cancer Research; Elena Castro, Chee Goh, Audrey Ardern-Jones, and Rosalind Eeles, Royal Marsden National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust; Louise Izatt, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust; Shirley Hodgson, St George's, University of London; Lucy E. Side, Great Ormond St Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London; Steve Ellis, Debra Frost, Susan Peock, Marc Tischkowitz, Antonis C. Antoniou, and Douglas F. Easton, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; D. Gareth Evans, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester; Trevor Cole, Birmingham Women's Hospital Healthcare NHS Trust, Edgbaston, Birmingham; Rosemarie Davidson, Yorkhill Hospitals, Glasgow; Diana Eccles, Southampton University Hospitals NHS Trust, Southampton; Carole Brewer, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter; Fiona Douglas, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne; Mary E. Porteous, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh; Alan Donaldson, St Michael's Hospital, Bristol; Huw Dorkins, Kennedy-Galton Centre, Harrow; Jackie Cook, Sheffield Children's Hospital, Sheffield; Jacqueline Eason, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham; Alex Murray, All Wales Medical Genetics Services, Singleton Hospital, Swansea, United Kingdom; Elena Castro and David Olmos, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain; and M. John Kennedy, Trinity College Dublin and St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Carole Brewer
- Elena Castro, Chee Goh, Ed Saunders, Daniel Leongamornlert, Malgorzata Tymrakiewicz, Nadiya Mahmud, Tokhir Dadaev, Koveela Govindasami, Michelle Guy, Emma Sawyer, Rosemary Wilkinson, Zsofia Kote-Jarai, and Rosalind Eeles, Institute of Cancer Research; Elena Castro, Chee Goh, Audrey Ardern-Jones, and Rosalind Eeles, Royal Marsden National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust; Louise Izatt, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust; Shirley Hodgson, St George's, University of London; Lucy E. Side, Great Ormond St Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London; Steve Ellis, Debra Frost, Susan Peock, Marc Tischkowitz, Antonis C. Antoniou, and Douglas F. Easton, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; D. Gareth Evans, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester; Trevor Cole, Birmingham Women's Hospital Healthcare NHS Trust, Edgbaston, Birmingham; Rosemarie Davidson, Yorkhill Hospitals, Glasgow; Diana Eccles, Southampton University Hospitals NHS Trust, Southampton; Carole Brewer, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter; Fiona Douglas, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne; Mary E. Porteous, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh; Alan Donaldson, St Michael's Hospital, Bristol; Huw Dorkins, Kennedy-Galton Centre, Harrow; Jackie Cook, Sheffield Children's Hospital, Sheffield; Jacqueline Eason, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham; Alex Murray, All Wales Medical Genetics Services, Singleton Hospital, Swansea, United Kingdom; Elena Castro and David Olmos, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain; and M. John Kennedy, Trinity College Dublin and St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Fiona Douglas
- Elena Castro, Chee Goh, Ed Saunders, Daniel Leongamornlert, Malgorzata Tymrakiewicz, Nadiya Mahmud, Tokhir Dadaev, Koveela Govindasami, Michelle Guy, Emma Sawyer, Rosemary Wilkinson, Zsofia Kote-Jarai, and Rosalind Eeles, Institute of Cancer Research; Elena Castro, Chee Goh, Audrey Ardern-Jones, and Rosalind Eeles, Royal Marsden National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust; Louise Izatt, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust; Shirley Hodgson, St George's, University of London; Lucy E. Side, Great Ormond St Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London; Steve Ellis, Debra Frost, Susan Peock, Marc Tischkowitz, Antonis C. Antoniou, and Douglas F. Easton, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; D. Gareth Evans, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester; Trevor Cole, Birmingham Women's Hospital Healthcare NHS Trust, Edgbaston, Birmingham; Rosemarie Davidson, Yorkhill Hospitals, Glasgow; Diana Eccles, Southampton University Hospitals NHS Trust, Southampton; Carole Brewer, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter; Fiona Douglas, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne; Mary E. Porteous, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh; Alan Donaldson, St Michael's Hospital, Bristol; Huw Dorkins, Kennedy-Galton Centre, Harrow; Jackie Cook, Sheffield Children's Hospital, Sheffield; Jacqueline Eason, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham; Alex Murray, All Wales Medical Genetics Services, Singleton Hospital, Swansea, United Kingdom; Elena Castro and David Olmos, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain; and M. John Kennedy, Trinity College Dublin and St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mary E. Porteous
- Elena Castro, Chee Goh, Ed Saunders, Daniel Leongamornlert, Malgorzata Tymrakiewicz, Nadiya Mahmud, Tokhir Dadaev, Koveela Govindasami, Michelle Guy, Emma Sawyer, Rosemary Wilkinson, Zsofia Kote-Jarai, and Rosalind Eeles, Institute of Cancer Research; Elena Castro, Chee Goh, Audrey Ardern-Jones, and Rosalind Eeles, Royal Marsden National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust; Louise Izatt, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust; Shirley Hodgson, St George's, University of London; Lucy E. Side, Great Ormond St Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London; Steve Ellis, Debra Frost, Susan Peock, Marc Tischkowitz, Antonis C. Antoniou, and Douglas F. Easton, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; D. Gareth Evans, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester; Trevor Cole, Birmingham Women's Hospital Healthcare NHS Trust, Edgbaston, Birmingham; Rosemarie Davidson, Yorkhill Hospitals, Glasgow; Diana Eccles, Southampton University Hospitals NHS Trust, Southampton; Carole Brewer, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter; Fiona Douglas, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne; Mary E. Porteous, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh; Alan Donaldson, St Michael's Hospital, Bristol; Huw Dorkins, Kennedy-Galton Centre, Harrow; Jackie Cook, Sheffield Children's Hospital, Sheffield; Jacqueline Eason, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham; Alex Murray, All Wales Medical Genetics Services, Singleton Hospital, Swansea, United Kingdom; Elena Castro and David Olmos, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain; and M. John Kennedy, Trinity College Dublin and St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Alan Donaldson
- Elena Castro, Chee Goh, Ed Saunders, Daniel Leongamornlert, Malgorzata Tymrakiewicz, Nadiya Mahmud, Tokhir Dadaev, Koveela Govindasami, Michelle Guy, Emma Sawyer, Rosemary Wilkinson, Zsofia Kote-Jarai, and Rosalind Eeles, Institute of Cancer Research; Elena Castro, Chee Goh, Audrey Ardern-Jones, and Rosalind Eeles, Royal Marsden National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust; Louise Izatt, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust; Shirley Hodgson, St George's, University of London; Lucy E. Side, Great Ormond St Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London; Steve Ellis, Debra Frost, Susan Peock, Marc Tischkowitz, Antonis C. Antoniou, and Douglas F. Easton, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; D. Gareth Evans, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester; Trevor Cole, Birmingham Women's Hospital Healthcare NHS Trust, Edgbaston, Birmingham; Rosemarie Davidson, Yorkhill Hospitals, Glasgow; Diana Eccles, Southampton University Hospitals NHS Trust, Southampton; Carole Brewer, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter; Fiona Douglas, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne; Mary E. Porteous, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh; Alan Donaldson, St Michael's Hospital, Bristol; Huw Dorkins, Kennedy-Galton Centre, Harrow; Jackie Cook, Sheffield Children's Hospital, Sheffield; Jacqueline Eason, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham; Alex Murray, All Wales Medical Genetics Services, Singleton Hospital, Swansea, United Kingdom; Elena Castro and David Olmos, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain; and M. John Kennedy, Trinity College Dublin and St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Huw Dorkins
- Elena Castro, Chee Goh, Ed Saunders, Daniel Leongamornlert, Malgorzata Tymrakiewicz, Nadiya Mahmud, Tokhir Dadaev, Koveela Govindasami, Michelle Guy, Emma Sawyer, Rosemary Wilkinson, Zsofia Kote-Jarai, and Rosalind Eeles, Institute of Cancer Research; Elena Castro, Chee Goh, Audrey Ardern-Jones, and Rosalind Eeles, Royal Marsden National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust; Louise Izatt, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust; Shirley Hodgson, St George's, University of London; Lucy E. Side, Great Ormond St Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London; Steve Ellis, Debra Frost, Susan Peock, Marc Tischkowitz, Antonis C. Antoniou, and Douglas F. Easton, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; D. Gareth Evans, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester; Trevor Cole, Birmingham Women's Hospital Healthcare NHS Trust, Edgbaston, Birmingham; Rosemarie Davidson, Yorkhill Hospitals, Glasgow; Diana Eccles, Southampton University Hospitals NHS Trust, Southampton; Carole Brewer, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter; Fiona Douglas, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne; Mary E. Porteous, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh; Alan Donaldson, St Michael's Hospital, Bristol; Huw Dorkins, Kennedy-Galton Centre, Harrow; Jackie Cook, Sheffield Children's Hospital, Sheffield; Jacqueline Eason, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham; Alex Murray, All Wales Medical Genetics Services, Singleton Hospital, Swansea, United Kingdom; Elena Castro and David Olmos, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain; and M. John Kennedy, Trinity College Dublin and St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Louise Izatt
- Elena Castro, Chee Goh, Ed Saunders, Daniel Leongamornlert, Malgorzata Tymrakiewicz, Nadiya Mahmud, Tokhir Dadaev, Koveela Govindasami, Michelle Guy, Emma Sawyer, Rosemary Wilkinson, Zsofia Kote-Jarai, and Rosalind Eeles, Institute of Cancer Research; Elena Castro, Chee Goh, Audrey Ardern-Jones, and Rosalind Eeles, Royal Marsden National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust; Louise Izatt, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust; Shirley Hodgson, St George's, University of London; Lucy E. Side, Great Ormond St Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London; Steve Ellis, Debra Frost, Susan Peock, Marc Tischkowitz, Antonis C. Antoniou, and Douglas F. Easton, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; D. Gareth Evans, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester; Trevor Cole, Birmingham Women's Hospital Healthcare NHS Trust, Edgbaston, Birmingham; Rosemarie Davidson, Yorkhill Hospitals, Glasgow; Diana Eccles, Southampton University Hospitals NHS Trust, Southampton; Carole Brewer, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter; Fiona Douglas, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne; Mary E. Porteous, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh; Alan Donaldson, St Michael's Hospital, Bristol; Huw Dorkins, Kennedy-Galton Centre, Harrow; Jackie Cook, Sheffield Children's Hospital, Sheffield; Jacqueline Eason, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham; Alex Murray, All Wales Medical Genetics Services, Singleton Hospital, Swansea, United Kingdom; Elena Castro and David Olmos, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain; and M. John Kennedy, Trinity College Dublin and St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jackie Cook
- Elena Castro, Chee Goh, Ed Saunders, Daniel Leongamornlert, Malgorzata Tymrakiewicz, Nadiya Mahmud, Tokhir Dadaev, Koveela Govindasami, Michelle Guy, Emma Sawyer, Rosemary Wilkinson, Zsofia Kote-Jarai, and Rosalind Eeles, Institute of Cancer Research; Elena Castro, Chee Goh, Audrey Ardern-Jones, and Rosalind Eeles, Royal Marsden National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust; Louise Izatt, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust; Shirley Hodgson, St George's, University of London; Lucy E. Side, Great Ormond St Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London; Steve Ellis, Debra Frost, Susan Peock, Marc Tischkowitz, Antonis C. Antoniou, and Douglas F. Easton, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; D. Gareth Evans, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester; Trevor Cole, Birmingham Women's Hospital Healthcare NHS Trust, Edgbaston, Birmingham; Rosemarie Davidson, Yorkhill Hospitals, Glasgow; Diana Eccles, Southampton University Hospitals NHS Trust, Southampton; Carole Brewer, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter; Fiona Douglas, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne; Mary E. Porteous, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh; Alan Donaldson, St Michael's Hospital, Bristol; Huw Dorkins, Kennedy-Galton Centre, Harrow; Jackie Cook, Sheffield Children's Hospital, Sheffield; Jacqueline Eason, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham; Alex Murray, All Wales Medical Genetics Services, Singleton Hospital, Swansea, United Kingdom; Elena Castro and David Olmos, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain; and M. John Kennedy, Trinity College Dublin and St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Shirley Hodgson
- Elena Castro, Chee Goh, Ed Saunders, Daniel Leongamornlert, Malgorzata Tymrakiewicz, Nadiya Mahmud, Tokhir Dadaev, Koveela Govindasami, Michelle Guy, Emma Sawyer, Rosemary Wilkinson, Zsofia Kote-Jarai, and Rosalind Eeles, Institute of Cancer Research; Elena Castro, Chee Goh, Audrey Ardern-Jones, and Rosalind Eeles, Royal Marsden National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust; Louise Izatt, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust; Shirley Hodgson, St George's, University of London; Lucy E. Side, Great Ormond St Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London; Steve Ellis, Debra Frost, Susan Peock, Marc Tischkowitz, Antonis C. Antoniou, and Douglas F. Easton, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; D. Gareth Evans, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester; Trevor Cole, Birmingham Women's Hospital Healthcare NHS Trust, Edgbaston, Birmingham; Rosemarie Davidson, Yorkhill Hospitals, Glasgow; Diana Eccles, Southampton University Hospitals NHS Trust, Southampton; Carole Brewer, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter; Fiona Douglas, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne; Mary E. Porteous, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh; Alan Donaldson, St Michael's Hospital, Bristol; Huw Dorkins, Kennedy-Galton Centre, Harrow; Jackie Cook, Sheffield Children's Hospital, Sheffield; Jacqueline Eason, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham; Alex Murray, All Wales Medical Genetics Services, Singleton Hospital, Swansea, United Kingdom; Elena Castro and David Olmos, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain; and M. John Kennedy, Trinity College Dublin and St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - M. John Kennedy
- Elena Castro, Chee Goh, Ed Saunders, Daniel Leongamornlert, Malgorzata Tymrakiewicz, Nadiya Mahmud, Tokhir Dadaev, Koveela Govindasami, Michelle Guy, Emma Sawyer, Rosemary Wilkinson, Zsofia Kote-Jarai, and Rosalind Eeles, Institute of Cancer Research; Elena Castro, Chee Goh, Audrey Ardern-Jones, and Rosalind Eeles, Royal Marsden National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust; Louise Izatt, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust; Shirley Hodgson, St George's, University of London; Lucy E. Side, Great Ormond St Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London; Steve Ellis, Debra Frost, Susan Peock, Marc Tischkowitz, Antonis C. Antoniou, and Douglas F. Easton, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; D. Gareth Evans, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester; Trevor Cole, Birmingham Women's Hospital Healthcare NHS Trust, Edgbaston, Birmingham; Rosemarie Davidson, Yorkhill Hospitals, Glasgow; Diana Eccles, Southampton University Hospitals NHS Trust, Southampton; Carole Brewer, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter; Fiona Douglas, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne; Mary E. Porteous, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh; Alan Donaldson, St Michael's Hospital, Bristol; Huw Dorkins, Kennedy-Galton Centre, Harrow; Jackie Cook, Sheffield Children's Hospital, Sheffield; Jacqueline Eason, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham; Alex Murray, All Wales Medical Genetics Services, Singleton Hospital, Swansea, United Kingdom; Elena Castro and David Olmos, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain; and M. John Kennedy, Trinity College Dublin and St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Lucy E. Side
- Elena Castro, Chee Goh, Ed Saunders, Daniel Leongamornlert, Malgorzata Tymrakiewicz, Nadiya Mahmud, Tokhir Dadaev, Koveela Govindasami, Michelle Guy, Emma Sawyer, Rosemary Wilkinson, Zsofia Kote-Jarai, and Rosalind Eeles, Institute of Cancer Research; Elena Castro, Chee Goh, Audrey Ardern-Jones, and Rosalind Eeles, Royal Marsden National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust; Louise Izatt, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust; Shirley Hodgson, St George's, University of London; Lucy E. Side, Great Ormond St Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London; Steve Ellis, Debra Frost, Susan Peock, Marc Tischkowitz, Antonis C. Antoniou, and Douglas F. Easton, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; D. Gareth Evans, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester; Trevor Cole, Birmingham Women's Hospital Healthcare NHS Trust, Edgbaston, Birmingham; Rosemarie Davidson, Yorkhill Hospitals, Glasgow; Diana Eccles, Southampton University Hospitals NHS Trust, Southampton; Carole Brewer, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter; Fiona Douglas, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne; Mary E. Porteous, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh; Alan Donaldson, St Michael's Hospital, Bristol; Huw Dorkins, Kennedy-Galton Centre, Harrow; Jackie Cook, Sheffield Children's Hospital, Sheffield; Jacqueline Eason, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham; Alex Murray, All Wales Medical Genetics Services, Singleton Hospital, Swansea, United Kingdom; Elena Castro and David Olmos, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain; and M. John Kennedy, Trinity College Dublin and St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jacqueline Eason
- Elena Castro, Chee Goh, Ed Saunders, Daniel Leongamornlert, Malgorzata Tymrakiewicz, Nadiya Mahmud, Tokhir Dadaev, Koveela Govindasami, Michelle Guy, Emma Sawyer, Rosemary Wilkinson, Zsofia Kote-Jarai, and Rosalind Eeles, Institute of Cancer Research; Elena Castro, Chee Goh, Audrey Ardern-Jones, and Rosalind Eeles, Royal Marsden National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust; Louise Izatt, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust; Shirley Hodgson, St George's, University of London; Lucy E. Side, Great Ormond St Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London; Steve Ellis, Debra Frost, Susan Peock, Marc Tischkowitz, Antonis C. Antoniou, and Douglas F. Easton, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; D. Gareth Evans, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester; Trevor Cole, Birmingham Women's Hospital Healthcare NHS Trust, Edgbaston, Birmingham; Rosemarie Davidson, Yorkhill Hospitals, Glasgow; Diana Eccles, Southampton University Hospitals NHS Trust, Southampton; Carole Brewer, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter; Fiona Douglas, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne; Mary E. Porteous, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh; Alan Donaldson, St Michael's Hospital, Bristol; Huw Dorkins, Kennedy-Galton Centre, Harrow; Jackie Cook, Sheffield Children's Hospital, Sheffield; Jacqueline Eason, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham; Alex Murray, All Wales Medical Genetics Services, Singleton Hospital, Swansea, United Kingdom; Elena Castro and David Olmos, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain; and M. John Kennedy, Trinity College Dublin and St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Alex Murray
- Elena Castro, Chee Goh, Ed Saunders, Daniel Leongamornlert, Malgorzata Tymrakiewicz, Nadiya Mahmud, Tokhir Dadaev, Koveela Govindasami, Michelle Guy, Emma Sawyer, Rosemary Wilkinson, Zsofia Kote-Jarai, and Rosalind Eeles, Institute of Cancer Research; Elena Castro, Chee Goh, Audrey Ardern-Jones, and Rosalind Eeles, Royal Marsden National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust; Louise Izatt, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust; Shirley Hodgson, St George's, University of London; Lucy E. Side, Great Ormond St Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London; Steve Ellis, Debra Frost, Susan Peock, Marc Tischkowitz, Antonis C. Antoniou, and Douglas F. Easton, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; D. Gareth Evans, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester; Trevor Cole, Birmingham Women's Hospital Healthcare NHS Trust, Edgbaston, Birmingham; Rosemarie Davidson, Yorkhill Hospitals, Glasgow; Diana Eccles, Southampton University Hospitals NHS Trust, Southampton; Carole Brewer, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter; Fiona Douglas, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne; Mary E. Porteous, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh; Alan Donaldson, St Michael's Hospital, Bristol; Huw Dorkins, Kennedy-Galton Centre, Harrow; Jackie Cook, Sheffield Children's Hospital, Sheffield; Jacqueline Eason, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham; Alex Murray, All Wales Medical Genetics Services, Singleton Hospital, Swansea, United Kingdom; Elena Castro and David Olmos, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain; and M. John Kennedy, Trinity College Dublin and St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Antonis C. Antoniou
- Elena Castro, Chee Goh, Ed Saunders, Daniel Leongamornlert, Malgorzata Tymrakiewicz, Nadiya Mahmud, Tokhir Dadaev, Koveela Govindasami, Michelle Guy, Emma Sawyer, Rosemary Wilkinson, Zsofia Kote-Jarai, and Rosalind Eeles, Institute of Cancer Research; Elena Castro, Chee Goh, Audrey Ardern-Jones, and Rosalind Eeles, Royal Marsden National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust; Louise Izatt, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust; Shirley Hodgson, St George's, University of London; Lucy E. Side, Great Ormond St Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London; Steve Ellis, Debra Frost, Susan Peock, Marc Tischkowitz, Antonis C. Antoniou, and Douglas F. Easton, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; D. Gareth Evans, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester; Trevor Cole, Birmingham Women's Hospital Healthcare NHS Trust, Edgbaston, Birmingham; Rosemarie Davidson, Yorkhill Hospitals, Glasgow; Diana Eccles, Southampton University Hospitals NHS Trust, Southampton; Carole Brewer, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter; Fiona Douglas, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne; Mary E. Porteous, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh; Alan Donaldson, St Michael's Hospital, Bristol; Huw Dorkins, Kennedy-Galton Centre, Harrow; Jackie Cook, Sheffield Children's Hospital, Sheffield; Jacqueline Eason, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham; Alex Murray, All Wales Medical Genetics Services, Singleton Hospital, Swansea, United Kingdom; Elena Castro and David Olmos, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain; and M. John Kennedy, Trinity College Dublin and St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Douglas F. Easton
- Elena Castro, Chee Goh, Ed Saunders, Daniel Leongamornlert, Malgorzata Tymrakiewicz, Nadiya Mahmud, Tokhir Dadaev, Koveela Govindasami, Michelle Guy, Emma Sawyer, Rosemary Wilkinson, Zsofia Kote-Jarai, and Rosalind Eeles, Institute of Cancer Research; Elena Castro, Chee Goh, Audrey Ardern-Jones, and Rosalind Eeles, Royal Marsden National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust; Louise Izatt, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust; Shirley Hodgson, St George's, University of London; Lucy E. Side, Great Ormond St Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London; Steve Ellis, Debra Frost, Susan Peock, Marc Tischkowitz, Antonis C. Antoniou, and Douglas F. Easton, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; D. Gareth Evans, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester; Trevor Cole, Birmingham Women's Hospital Healthcare NHS Trust, Edgbaston, Birmingham; Rosemarie Davidson, Yorkhill Hospitals, Glasgow; Diana Eccles, Southampton University Hospitals NHS Trust, Southampton; Carole Brewer, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter; Fiona Douglas, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne; Mary E. Porteous, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh; Alan Donaldson, St Michael's Hospital, Bristol; Huw Dorkins, Kennedy-Galton Centre, Harrow; Jackie Cook, Sheffield Children's Hospital, Sheffield; Jacqueline Eason, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham; Alex Murray, All Wales Medical Genetics Services, Singleton Hospital, Swansea, United Kingdom; Elena Castro and David Olmos, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain; and M. John Kennedy, Trinity College Dublin and St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Zsofia Kote-Jarai
- Elena Castro, Chee Goh, Ed Saunders, Daniel Leongamornlert, Malgorzata Tymrakiewicz, Nadiya Mahmud, Tokhir Dadaev, Koveela Govindasami, Michelle Guy, Emma Sawyer, Rosemary Wilkinson, Zsofia Kote-Jarai, and Rosalind Eeles, Institute of Cancer Research; Elena Castro, Chee Goh, Audrey Ardern-Jones, and Rosalind Eeles, Royal Marsden National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust; Louise Izatt, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust; Shirley Hodgson, St George's, University of London; Lucy E. Side, Great Ormond St Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London; Steve Ellis, Debra Frost, Susan Peock, Marc Tischkowitz, Antonis C. Antoniou, and Douglas F. Easton, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; D. Gareth Evans, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester; Trevor Cole, Birmingham Women's Hospital Healthcare NHS Trust, Edgbaston, Birmingham; Rosemarie Davidson, Yorkhill Hospitals, Glasgow; Diana Eccles, Southampton University Hospitals NHS Trust, Southampton; Carole Brewer, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter; Fiona Douglas, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne; Mary E. Porteous, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh; Alan Donaldson, St Michael's Hospital, Bristol; Huw Dorkins, Kennedy-Galton Centre, Harrow; Jackie Cook, Sheffield Children's Hospital, Sheffield; Jacqueline Eason, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham; Alex Murray, All Wales Medical Genetics Services, Singleton Hospital, Swansea, United Kingdom; Elena Castro and David Olmos, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain; and M. John Kennedy, Trinity College Dublin and St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Rosalind Eeles
- Elena Castro, Chee Goh, Ed Saunders, Daniel Leongamornlert, Malgorzata Tymrakiewicz, Nadiya Mahmud, Tokhir Dadaev, Koveela Govindasami, Michelle Guy, Emma Sawyer, Rosemary Wilkinson, Zsofia Kote-Jarai, and Rosalind Eeles, Institute of Cancer Research; Elena Castro, Chee Goh, Audrey Ardern-Jones, and Rosalind Eeles, Royal Marsden National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust; Louise Izatt, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust; Shirley Hodgson, St George's, University of London; Lucy E. Side, Great Ormond St Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London; Steve Ellis, Debra Frost, Susan Peock, Marc Tischkowitz, Antonis C. Antoniou, and Douglas F. Easton, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; D. Gareth Evans, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester; Trevor Cole, Birmingham Women's Hospital Healthcare NHS Trust, Edgbaston, Birmingham; Rosemarie Davidson, Yorkhill Hospitals, Glasgow; Diana Eccles, Southampton University Hospitals NHS Trust, Southampton; Carole Brewer, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter; Fiona Douglas, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne; Mary E. Porteous, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh; Alan Donaldson, St Michael's Hospital, Bristol; Huw Dorkins, Kennedy-Galton Centre, Harrow; Jackie Cook, Sheffield Children's Hospital, Sheffield; Jacqueline Eason, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham; Alex Murray, All Wales Medical Genetics Services, Singleton Hospital, Swansea, United Kingdom; Elena Castro and David Olmos, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain; and M. John Kennedy, Trinity College Dublin and St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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Kote-Jarai Z, Saunders E, Leongamornlert D, Tymrakiewicz M, Dadaev T, Jugurnauth S, Benlloch S, Amin Al Olama A, Ross-Adams H, Neal D, Eeles R. Abstract 2546: Fine-mapping identifies multiple prostate cancer risk loci at 5p15, one of which associates with TERT expression. Cancer Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2013-2546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
We have previously reported an association between prostate cancer (PrCa) risk and rs2242652 on 5p15. rs2242652 lies in intron 4 of TERT, which encodes telomerase reverse transcriptase, the catalytic subunit of the telomerase ribonucleoprotein complex. Telomerase catalyzes the de novo addition of telomere repeat sequences on to chromosome ends and thereby counterbalances telomere-dependent replicative senescence. Associations between SNPs in the TERT region and multiple cancer types have been reported; however no correlation has been observed thus far between the cancer-associated SNPs in TERT and gene expression or telomere length. To comprehensively evaluate the association between genetic variation across this region and PrCa we performed a fine-mapping analysis by direct genotyping using either a custom Illumina iSelect array (114 SNPs on iCOGS) or Sequenom MassArray iPlex (25 SNPs) followed by imputation of 1,094 SNPs in 22,301 PrCa cases and 22,320 controls in the PRACTICAL consortium. To determine independently associated variants in this region, we performed multiple stepwise logistic regression analysis; SNPs were included in the model if they were significant at P<10−4 after adjustment for other SNPs. Regression models identified multiple independent associations, reflecting the complexity of this region. These SNPs fall into four regions consisting of clusters of highly or moderately correlated variants, and there is only weak LD between SNPs in different regions. To investigate whether SNPs in any of these regions were associated with TERT gene expression, we performed qPCR assays on RNA from benign prostate tissue samples using the Fluidigm Biomark™ HD system. We found evidence that the risk reducing alleles of several variants in region one associated with elevated TERT expression, providing a plausible mechanism for the differential effect of SNPs on PrCa risk. Deep re-sequencing of these loci may help to further refine this region and facilitate selection of prospective causal variants for functional validation studies.
Citation Format: Zsofia Kote-Jarai, Edward Saunders, Daniel Leongamornlert, Malgorzata Tymrakiewicz, Tokhir Dadaev, Sarah Jugurnauth, Sara Benlloch, Ali Amin Al Olama, Helen Ross-Adams, David Neal, The UKGPCS Collaborators and The PRACTICAL Consortium, Douglas Easton, Rosalind Eeles. Fine-mapping identifies multiple prostate cancer risk loci at 5p15, one of which associates with TERT expression. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2546. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2546
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Tokhir Dadaev
- 1The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | - David Neal
- 2University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Rosalind Eeles
- 1The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, United Kingdom
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Castro E, Olmos D, Goh CL, Saunders E, Leongamornlert D, Tymrakiewicz M, Bancroft E, Page E, Dadaev T, Govindasami K, Guy M, Ellis S, Frost D, Peock S, Antoniou AC, Easton D, Kote-Jarai Z, Eeles RA. Effect of germ-line BRCA mutations in biochemical relapse and survival after treatment for localized prostate cancer. J Clin Oncol 2013. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2013.31.6_suppl.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
29 Background: Biochemical relapse after local treatment for prostate cancer (PCa) indicates recurrent disease and is associated with shorter cause-specific survival (CSS). Germline BRCA mutations are associated with worse PrCa outcomes. In this study, we analyzed biochemical-progression free survival (bPFS) after conventional treatments for localized PCa in a cohort of BRCA patients from the UK. Currently, BRCA1/2 carriers are treated with the same protocols used for non-carriers. Methods: In this retrospective case-control study, each BRCA carrier (10 BRCA1 and 34 BRCA2) treated with radical prostatectomy (RP) or external beam radiotherapy (RT) was matched with 3 non-carriers (NC) by: age at diagnosis (±5 yrs), TNM stage, Gleason score, presenting PSA, local treatment (RT or RP), androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) and year of treatment (±5yrs). All NC were screened for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations. Biochemical failure was reviewed according to ASTRO and NCCN criteria. The Kaplan-Meier method and a multivariate Cox regression model adjusted by matching factors were employed. Results: 176 patients (pts) were included. Median follow-up was 97 months (ms). Median age at diagnosis was 58.5 yrs (43-75). 80 pts received RT (16 BRCA2, 4 BRCA1, 60 NC) and 85% also received ADT≥6 ms. 96pts underwent RP (18 BRCA2, 6 BRCA1 and 72 NC). Following RT treatment, 5yrs-CSS was 96% in NC and 47% in BRCA carriers (p=2x10-5), whilst no difference was seen after RP (5yrs-CSS was 98.5% in NC vs 93.3% in BRCA). Five-years bFPFS after RT was 74% in NC and 24% in BRCA (p=0.002). No difference was observed in 5yrs-bPFS between BRCA carriers and NC treated with RP (52% vs 66% , p=0.346). The adjusted MVA (including tumour stage, local treatment, ADT and BRCA status) confirmed the independent prognostic value of BRCA status for bPFS and CSS. Among BRCA carriers, the independent risk was greater when the analysis was limited to BRCA2 pts . Conclusions: Our results suggest that BRCA carriers have worse local disease control than NC when conventionally treated with RT. No differences in bPFS were observed in pts treated with RP after >8 yrs median follow-up. These results may have implications for tailoring clinical management in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Castro
- The Institute of Cancer Research/Prostate Cancer Research Unit, London, United Kingdom, and Spanish National Cancer Research Centre., Madrid, Spain
| | - David Olmos
- Prostate Cancer Research Unit, Clinical Research Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Chee Leng Goh
- The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - Ed Saunders
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Elizabeth Page
- The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - Tokhir Dadaev
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Michelle Guy
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Steve Ellis
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Debra Frost
- Centre for Cancer Genetics Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Susan Peock
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Antonis C. Antoniou
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Ros A. Eeles
- The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, United Kingdom
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