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Rand KA, Song C, Dean E, Serie DJ, Curtin K, Sheng X, Hu D, Huff CA, Bernal-Mizrachi L, Tomasson MH, Ailawadhi S, Singhal S, Pawlish K, Peters ES, Bock CH, Stram A, Van Den Berg DJ, Edlund CK, Conti DV, Zimmerman T, Hwang AE, Huntsman S, Graff J, Nooka A, Kong Y, Pregja SL, Berndt SI, Blot WJ, Carpten J, Casey G, Chu L, Diver WR, Stevens VL, Lieber MR, Goodman PJ, Hennis AJM, Hsing AW, Mehta J, Kittles RA, Kolb S, Klein EA, Leske C, Murphy AB, Nemesure B, Neslund-Dudas C, Strom SS, Vij R, Rybicki BA, Stanford JL, Signorello LB, Witte JS, Ambrosone CB, Bhatti P, John EM, Bernstein L, Zheng W, Olshan AF, Hu JJ, Ziegler RG, Nyante SJ, Bandera EV, Birmann BM, Ingles SA, Press MF, Atanackovic D, Glenn MJ, Cannon-Albright LA, Jones B, Tricot G, Martin TG, Kumar SK, Wolf JL, Deming Halverson SL, Rothman N, Brooks-Wilson AR, Rajkumar SV, Kolonel LN, Chanock SJ, Slager SL, Severson RK, Janakiraman N, Terebelo HR, Brown EE, De Roos AJ, Mohrbacher AF, Colditz GA, Giles GG, Spinelli JJ, Chiu BC, Munshi NC, Anderson KC, Levy J, Zonder JA, Orlowski RZ, Lonial S, Camp NJ, Vachon CM, Ziv E, Stram DO, Hazelett DJ, Haiman CA, Cozen W. A Meta-analysis of Multiple Myeloma Risk Regions in African and European Ancestry Populations Identifies Putatively Functional Loci. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2016; 25:1609-1618. [PMID: 27587788 PMCID: PMC5524541 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-15-1193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2015] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in European populations have identified genetic risk variants associated with multiple myeloma. METHODS We performed association testing of common variation in eight regions in 1,318 patients with multiple myeloma and 1,480 controls of European ancestry and 1,305 patients with multiple myeloma and 7,078 controls of African ancestry and conducted a meta-analysis to localize the signals, with epigenetic annotation used to predict functionality. RESULTS We found that variants in 7p15.3, 17p11.2, 22q13.1 were statistically significantly (P < 0.05) associated with multiple myeloma risk in persons of African ancestry and persons of European ancestry, and the variant in 3p22.1 was associated in European ancestry only. In a combined African ancestry-European ancestry meta-analysis, variation in five regions (2p23.3, 3p22.1, 7p15.3, 17p11.2, 22q13.1) was statistically significantly associated with multiple myeloma risk. In 3p22.1, the correlated variants clustered within the gene body of ULK4 Correlated variants in 7p15.3 clustered around an enhancer at the 3' end of the CDCA7L transcription termination site. A missense variant at 17p11.2 (rs34562254, Pro251Leu, OR, 1.32; P = 2.93 × 10-7) in TNFRSF13B encodes a lymphocyte-specific protein in the TNF receptor family that interacts with the NF-κB pathway. SNPs correlated with the index signal in 22q13.1 cluster around the promoter and enhancer regions of CBX7 CONCLUSIONS: We found that reported multiple myeloma susceptibility regions contain risk variants important across populations, supporting the use of multiple racial/ethnic groups with different underlying genetic architecture to enhance the localization and identification of putatively functional alleles. IMPACT A subset of reported risk loci for multiple myeloma has consistent effects across populations and is likely to be functional. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 25(12); 1609-18. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin A Rand
- Keck School of Medicine of USC and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Chi Song
- Keck School of Medicine of USC and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | | | | | - Karen Curtin
- University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Xin Sheng
- Keck School of Medicine of USC and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Donglei Hu
- University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Carol Ann Huff
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Michael H Tomasson
- Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | | | - Seema Singhal
- Robert H. Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Karen Pawlish
- New Jersey State Cancer Registry, New Jersey Department of Health, Trenton, New Jersey
| | - Edward S Peters
- Louisiana State University School of Public Health, Louisiana State University, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Cathryn H Bock
- Karmanos Cancer Institute and Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Alex Stram
- Genomic Health, Inc., Redwood City, California
| | - David J Van Den Berg
- Keck School of Medicine of USC and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Christopher K Edlund
- Keck School of Medicine of USC and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - David V Conti
- Keck School of Medicine of USC and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | | | - Amie E Hwang
- Keck School of Medicine of USC and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Scott Huntsman
- University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - John Graff
- Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Ajay Nooka
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Yinfei Kong
- Keck School of Medicine of USC and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Silvana L Pregja
- Karmanos Cancer Institute and Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Sonja I Berndt
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, U.S. NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - William J Blot
- International Epidemiology Institute, Rockville, Maryland
- Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - John Carpten
- The Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Graham Casey
- Keck School of Medicine of USC and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Lisa Chu
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, California
- Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute, Palo Alto, California
| | | | | | - Michael R Lieber
- Keck School of Medicine of USC and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | | | - Anselm J M Hennis
- Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
- Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, Bridgetown, Barbados
| | - Ann W Hsing
- Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute, Palo Alto, California
| | - Jayesh Mehta
- Robert H. Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Rick A Kittles
- Department of Surgery, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Suzanne Kolb
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Eric A Klein
- Glickman Urologic and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | | | - Adam B Murphy
- Robert H. Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | | | - Sara S Strom
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, Texas
| | - Ravi Vij
- Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | | | - Janet L Stanford
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Lisa B Signorello
- Harvard School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - John S Witte
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | | | - Parveen Bhatti
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Esther M John
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, California
- Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute, Palo Alto, California
| | - Leslie Bernstein
- Division of Cancer Etiology, Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Wei Zheng
- International Epidemiology Institute, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Andrew F Olshan
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Jennifer J Hu
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Regina G Ziegler
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, U.S. NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sarah J Nyante
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Elisa V Bandera
- Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Brenda M Birmann
- Harvard School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sue A Ingles
- Keck School of Medicine of USC and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Michael F Press
- Keck School of Medicine of USC and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | | | - Martha J Glenn
- University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | | | - Brandt Jones
- University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | | | - Thomas G Martin
- University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | | | - Jeffrey L Wolf
- University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | | | - Nathaniel Rothman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, U.S. NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | | | - Laurence N Kolonel
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Stephen J Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, U.S. NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Richard K Severson
- Karmanos Cancer Institute and Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | | | | | | | | | - Ann F Mohrbacher
- Keck School of Medicine of USC and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Graham A Colditz
- Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Graham G Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council of Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- School of Population and Global Health, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Monash University, Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - John J Spinelli
- BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | - Nikhil C Munshi
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard School of Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kenneth C Anderson
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard School of Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Joan Levy
- Multiple Myeloma Research Foundation, Norwalk, Connecticut
| | - Jeffrey A Zonder
- Karmanos Cancer Institute and Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Robert Z Orlowski
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, Texas
| | - Sagar Lonial
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Nicola J Camp
- University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | | | - Elad Ziv
- University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Daniel O Stram
- Keck School of Medicine of USC and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Dennis J Hazelett
- Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California.
| | - Christopher A Haiman
- Keck School of Medicine of USC and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.
| | - Wendy Cozen
- Keck School of Medicine of USC and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.
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Al Olama AA, Kote-Jarai Z, Berndt SI, Conti DV, Schumacher F, Han Y, Benlloch S, Hazelett DJ, Wang Z, Saunders E, Leongamornlert D, Lindstrom S, Jugurnauth-Little S, Dadaev T, Tymrakiewicz M, Stram DO, Rand K, Wan P, Stram A, Sheng X, Pooler LC, Park K, Xia L, Tyrer J, Kolonel LN, Le Marchand L, Hoover RN, Machiela MJ, Yeager M, Burdette L, Chung CC, Hutchinson A, Yu K, Goh C, Ahmed M, Govindasami K, Guy M, Tammela TLJ, Auvinen A, Wahlfors T, Schleutker J, Visakorpi T, Leinonen KA, Xu J, Aly M, Donovan J, Travis RC, Key TJ, Siddiq A, Canzian F, Khaw KT, Takahashi A, Kubo M, Pharoah P, Pashayan N, Weischer M, Nordestgaard BG, Nielsen SF, Klarskov P, Røder MA, Iversen P, Thibodeau SN, McDonnell SK, Schaid DJ, Stanford JL, Kolb S, Holt S, Knudsen B, Coll AH, Gapstur SM, Diver WR, Stevens VL, Maier C, Luedeke M, Herkommer K, Rinckleb AE, Strom SS, Pettaway C, Yeboah ED, Tettey Y, Biritwum RB, Adjei AA, Tay E, Truelove A, Niwa S, Chokkalingam AP, Cannon-Albright L, Cybulski C, Wokołorczyk D, Kluźniak W, Park J, Sellers T, Lin HY, Isaacs WB, Partin AW, Brenner H, Dieffenbach AK, Stegmaier C, Chen C, Giovannucci EL, Ma J, Stampfer M, Penney KL, Mucci L, John EM, Ingles SA, Kittles RA, Murphy AB, Pandha H, Michael A, Kierzek AM, Blot W, Signorello LB, Zheng W, Albanes D, Virtamo J, Weinstein S, Nemesure B, Carpten J, Leske C, Wu SY, Hennis A, Kibel AS, Rybicki BA, Neslund-Dudas C, Hsing AW, Chu L, Goodman PJ, Klein EA, Zheng SL, Batra J, Clements J, Spurdle A, Teixeira MR, Paulo P, Maia S, Slavov C, Kaneva R, Mitev V, Witte JS, Casey G, Gillanders EM, Seminara D, Riboli E, Hamdy FC, Coetzee GA, Li Q, Freedman ML, Hunter DJ, Muir K, Gronberg H, Neal DE, Southey M, Giles GG, Severi G, Cook MB, Nakagawa H, Wiklund F, Kraft P, Chanock SJ, Henderson BE, Easton DF, Eeles RA, Haiman CA. A meta-analysis of 87,040 individuals identifies 23 new susceptibility loci for prostate cancer. Nat Genet 2014; 46:1103-9. [PMID: 25217961 PMCID: PMC4383163 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 344] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified 76 variants associated with prostate cancer risk predominantly in populations of European ancestry. To identify additional susceptibility loci for this common cancer, we conducted a meta-analysis of > 10 million SNPs in 43,303 prostate cancer cases and 43,737 controls from studies in populations of European, African, Japanese and Latino ancestry. Twenty-three new susceptibility loci were identified at association P < 5 × 10(-8); 15 variants were identified among men of European ancestry, 7 were identified in multi-ancestry analyses and 1 was associated with early-onset prostate cancer. These 23 variants, in combination with known prostate cancer risk variants, explain 33% of the familial risk for this disease in European-ancestry populations. These findings provide new regions for investigation into the pathogenesis of prostate cancer and demonstrate the usefulness of combining ancestrally diverse populations to discover risk loci for disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Amin Al Olama
- 1] Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. [2]
| | | | - Sonja I Berndt
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, US National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - David V Conti
- 1] Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA. [2] Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Fredrick Schumacher
- 1] Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA. [2] Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ying Han
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Sara Benlloch
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Dennis J Hazelett
- 1] Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA. [2] Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Zhaoming Wang
- 1] Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, US National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. [2] Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | - Sara Lindstrom
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | | | - Daniel O Stram
- 1] Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA. [2] Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kristin Rand
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Peggy Wan
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Alex Stram
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Xin Sheng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Loreall C Pooler
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Karen Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Lucy Xia
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jonathan Tyrer
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Laurence N Kolonel
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Loic Le Marchand
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Robert N Hoover
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, US National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mitchell J Machiela
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, US National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Merideth Yeager
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, US National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Laurie Burdette
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, US National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Charles C Chung
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, US National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Amy Hutchinson
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, US National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kai Yu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, US National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Chee Goh
- Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | | | | | | | - Teuvo L J Tammela
- Department of Urology, Tampere University Hospital and Medical School, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Anssi Auvinen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Health Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Tiina Wahlfors
- BioMediTech, University of Tampere and FimLab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | - Johanna Schleutker
- 1] BioMediTech, University of Tampere and FimLab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland. [2] Department of Medical Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Tapio Visakorpi
- Institute of Biomedical Technology/BioMediTech, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Katri A Leinonen
- Institute of Biomedical Technology/BioMediTech, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jianfeng Xu
- Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Markus Aly
- 1] Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden. [2] Department of Clinical Sciences at Danderyds Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jenny Donovan
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Ruth C Travis
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Tim J Key
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Afshan Siddiq
- Department of Genomics of Common Disease, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Federico Canzian
- Genomic Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- Clinical Gerontology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Atsushi Takahashi
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Michiaki Kubo
- Laboratory for Genotyping Development, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Paul Pharoah
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nora Pashayan
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Maren Weischer
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Borge G Nordestgaard
- 1] Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark. [2] Faculty of Healthy and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Sune F Nielsen
- 1] Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark. [2] Faculty of Healthy and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Peter Klarskov
- Department of Urology, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Martin Andreas Røder
- Copenhagen Prostate Cancer Center, Department of Urology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Iversen
- Copenhagen Prostate Cancer Center, Department of Urology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | | | - Janet L Stanford
- 1] Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA. [2] Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Suzanne Kolb
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Sarah Holt
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Beatrice Knudsen
- Translational Pathology, Cedars-Sinai, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Susan M Gapstur
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - W Ryan Diver
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Victoria L Stevens
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Manuel Luedeke
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Kathleen Herkommer
- Department of Urology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Sara S Strom
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Curtis Pettaway
- Department of Urology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Edward D Yeboah
- 1] University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana. [2] Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
| | - Yao Tettey
- 1] University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana. [2] Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
| | - Richard B Biritwum
- 1] University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana. [2] Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
| | - Andrew A Adjei
- 1] University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana. [2] Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
| | - Evelyn Tay
- 1] University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana. [2] Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
| | | | | | - Anand P Chokkalingam
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Lisa Cannon-Albright
- 1] Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA. [2] George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Cezary Cybulski
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Dominika Wokołorczyk
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Wojciech Kluźniak
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jong Park
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Thomas Sellers
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Hui-Yi Lin
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - William B Isaacs
- James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Alan W Partin
- James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Hermann Brenner
- 1] Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany. [2] German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Aida Karina Dieffenbach
- 1] Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany. [2] German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Constance Chen
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Edward L Giovannucci
- 1] Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jing Ma
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Meir Stampfer
- 1] Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [3] Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kathryn L Penney
- 1] Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lorelei Mucci
- 1] Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Esther M John
- 1] Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, California, USA. [2] Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Sue A Ingles
- 1] Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA. [2] Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Rick A Kittles
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Adam B Murphy
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Hardev Pandha
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Agnieszka Michael
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Andrzej M Kierzek
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - William Blot
- 1] International Epidemiology Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA. [2] Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Lisa B Signorello
- 1] Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Demetrius Albanes
- Nutritional Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, US National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jarmo Virtamo
- Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Stephanie Weinstein
- Nutritional Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, US National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Barbara Nemesure
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - John Carpten
- Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Cristina Leske
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Suh-Yuh Wu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Anselm Hennis
- 1] Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA. [2] Chronic Disease Research Centre, University of the West Indies, Bridgetown, Barbados
| | - Adam S Kibel
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Benjamin A Rybicki
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Ann W Hsing
- 1] Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, California, USA. [2] Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Lisa Chu
- 1] Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, California, USA. [2] Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Phyllis J Goodman
- Southwest Oncology Group Statistical Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Eric A Klein
- Department of Urology, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - S Lilly Zheng
- Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jyotsna Batra
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation and School of Biomedical Science, Queensland University of Technology, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Judith Clements
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation and School of Biomedical Science, Queensland University of Technology, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Amanda Spurdle
- Molecular Cancer Epidemiology Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Manuel R Teixeira
- 1] Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute, Porto, Portugal. [2] Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Paulo
- Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sofia Maia
- Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute, Porto, Portugal
| | - Chavdar Slavov
- Department of Urology, Medical University-Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Radka Kaneva
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine Center, Medical University-Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Vanio Mitev
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine Center, Medical University-Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - John S Witte
- 1] Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA. [2] Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Graham Casey
- 1] Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA. [2] Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Gillanders
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Daniella Seminara
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Elio Riboli
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Freddie C Hamdy
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Gerhard A Coetzee
- 1] Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA. [2] Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Qiyuan Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Matthew L Freedman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David J Hunter
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kenneth Muir
- 1] Institute of Population Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK. [2] Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Henrik Gronberg
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - David E Neal
- 1] Cancer Research UK, Cambridge Research Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, UK. [2] Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Melissa Southey
- Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Graham G Giles
- 1] Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. [2] Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gianluca Severi
- 1] Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. [2] Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. [3] Human Genetics Foundation, Torino, Italy
| | - Michael B Cook
- 1] Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, US National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. [2]
| | - Hidewaki Nakagawa
- 1] Laboratory for Genome Sequencing Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan. [2]
| | - Fredrik Wiklund
- 1] Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden. [2]
| | - Peter Kraft
- 1] Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [3]
| | - Stephen J Chanock
- 1] Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, US National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. [2]
| | - Brian E Henderson
- 1] Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA. [2] Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA. [3]
| | - Douglas F Easton
- 1] Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. [2]
| | - Rosalind A Eeles
- 1] Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK. [2] Royal Marsden National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, London and Sutton, UK. [3]
| | - Christopher A Haiman
- 1] Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA. [2] Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA. [3]
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