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Hollis B, Day FR, Busch AS, Thompson DJ, Soares ALG, Timmers PRHJ, Kwong A, Easton DF, Joshi PK, Timpson NJ, Ong KK, Perry JRB. Genomic analysis of male puberty timing highlights shared genetic basis with hair colour and lifespan. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1536. [PMID: 32210231 PMCID: PMC7093467 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14451-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The timing of puberty is highly variable and is associated with long-term health outcomes. To date, understanding of the genetic control of puberty timing is based largely on studies in women. Here, we report a multi-trait genome-wide association study for male puberty timing with an effective sample size of 205,354 men. We find moderately strong genomic correlation in puberty timing between sexes (rg = 0.68) and identify 76 independent signals for male puberty timing. Implicated mechanisms include an unexpected link between puberty timing and natural hair colour, possibly reflecting common effects of pituitary hormones on puberty and pigmentation. Earlier male puberty timing is genetically correlated with several adverse health outcomes and Mendelian randomization analyses show a genetic association between male puberty timing and shorter lifespan. These findings highlight the relationships between puberty timing and health outcomes, and demonstrate the value of genetic studies of puberty timing in both sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Hollis
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus Box 285, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Felix R Day
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus Box 285, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Alexander S Busch
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus Box 285, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen O, Denmark
- International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen O, Denmark
| | - Deborah J Thompson
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ana Luiza G Soares
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Paul R H J Timmers
- Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, UK
| | - Alex Kwong
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- IUMSP, Biopôle, Secteur Vennes-Bâtiment SV-A, Route de la Corniche 10, 1010, Lausanne, Switzerland
- School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Centre for Multilevel Modelling, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Doug F Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Peter K Joshi
- Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, UK
| | - Nicholas J Timpson
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Ken K Ong
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus Box 285, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus Box 181, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
| | - John R B Perry
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus Box 285, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
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Loveday C, Sud A, Litchfield K, Levy M, Holroyd A, Broderick P, Kote-Jarai Z, Dunning AM, Muir K, Peto J, Eeles R, Easton DF, Dudakia D, Orr N, Pashayan N, Reid A, Huddart RA, Houlston RS, Turnbull C. Runs of homozygosity and testicular cancer risk. Andrology 2019; 7:555-564. [PMID: 31310061 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Testicular germ cell tumour (TGCT) is highly heritable but > 50% of the genetic risk remains unexplained. Epidemiological observation of greater relative risk to brothers of men with TGCT compared to sons has long alluded to recessively acting TGCT genetic susceptibility factors, but to date none have been reported. Runs of homozygosity (RoH) are a signature indicating underlying recessively acting alleles and have been associated with increased risk of other cancer types. OBJECTIVE To examine whether RoH are associated with TGCT risk. METHODS We performed a genome-wide RoH analysis using GWAS data from 3206 TGCT cases and 7422 controls uniformly genotyped using the OncoArray platform. RESULTS Global measures of homozygosity were not significantly different between cases and controls, and the frequency of individual consensus RoH was not significantly different between cases and controls, after correction for multiple testing. RoH at three regions, 11p13-11p14.3, 5q14.1-5q22.3 and 13q14.11-13q.14.13, were, however, nominally statistically significant at p < 0.01. Intriguingly, RoH200 at 11p13-11p14.3 encompasses Wilms tumour 1 (WT1), a recognized cancer susceptibility gene with roles in sex determination and developmental transcriptional regulation, processes repeatedly implicated in TGCT aetiology. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Overall, our data do not support a major role in the risk of TGCT for recessively acting alleles acting through homozygosity, as measured by RoH in outbred populations of cases and controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Loveday
- Division of Genetics & Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - A Sud
- Division of Genetics & Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - K Litchfield
- Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - M Levy
- Division of Genetics & Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - A Holroyd
- Division of Genetics & Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - P Broderick
- Division of Genetics & Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Z Kote-Jarai
- Division of Genetics & Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - A M Dunning
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - K Muir
- Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, Warwick University, Warwick, UK
- Institute of Population Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - J Peto
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - R Eeles
- Division of Genetics & Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - D F Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - D Dudakia
- Division of Genetics & Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - N Orr
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - N Pashayan
- Department of Applied Health Research, University College London, London, UK
| | - A Reid
- Academic Uro-oncology Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, UK
| | - R A Huddart
- Academic Radiotherapy Unit, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK
| | - R S Houlston
- Division of Genetics & Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - C Turnbull
- Division of Genetics & Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University, London, UK
- Guys and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Public Health England, National Cancer Registration and Analysis Service, London, UK
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Kramer I, Hooning MJ, Mavaddat N, Canisius S, Keeman R, van den Broek AJ, Steyerberg E, Hauptmann M, Pharoah PD, Easton DF, Hall P, Schmidt MK. Abstract P1-09-04: Association between a breast cancer polygenic risk score and contralateral breast cancer risk. Cancer Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs18-p1-09-04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Breast cancer patients are at significant risk of a second contralateral, breast cancer (CBC). Identification of women at high or low CBC risk could improve patient management decisions. Previous research has shown that breast cancer-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) summarized in a polygenic risk score (PRS) predict the risk of a first breast cancer with an odds ratio (OR) per 1 SD of 1.55 (95% confidence interval (95%CI)=1.52-1.58) (77-SNP PRS). The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between a recently developed PRS and CBC risk.
Methods
We identified 19 studies from the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC) with follow-up information on participating patients and at least 10 patients diagnosed with CBC. This included 38,228 females of European ancestry diagnosed with first invasive breast cancer since 1990. Genotyping was done using the iCOGS array or OncoArray, with genotypes for SNPs not on the arrays estimated by imputation. We used a 313-SNP PRS, optimized for prediction of overall (first) breast cancer in the BCAC dataset. Metachronous CBC risk by PRS was quantified using univariable and multivariable Cox regression analyses stratified by country and adjusted for multiple patient, tumor, and treatment characteristics. We assessed PRS interaction with age, family history, adjuvant systemic therapy, and ER-status.
Results
Median time to develop a CBC (N=1,046) after a first breast cancer was 5.8 years (range 0.3-21.9). Higher PRS was associated with increased CBC risk: hazard ratio (HR) per 1 SD=1.31 (95%CI=1.23-1.39). Patients in the highest and lowest 5% of the PRS had 1.95 fold and 0.67 fold risks of CBC, respectively, compared with patients in the middle quintile. Adjustments for age, year of diagnosis, family history, tumor size, nodal status, ER-status, or treatment (chemotherapy, endocrine therapy, radiotherapy) did not substantially alter these results. We found an interaction with age at first breast cancer diagnosis (Pinteraction=.002); the PRS was associated with an increased CBC risk for patients aged ≥40 years (HR=1.37, 95%CI=1.28-1.47), but not for patients <40 years (HR=1.06, 95%CI=0.93-1.21).
Conclusion
The PRS is predictive for the development of CBC in patients ≥40 years at first breast cancer diagnosis. For this group, the PRS could be incorporated in CBC risk prediction models to help define high and low risk patients, and hence optimize screening and treatment strategies.
Citation Format: Kramer I, Hooning MJ, Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC), Mavaddat N, Canisius S, Keeman R, van den Broek AJ, Steyerberg E, Hauptmann M, Pharoah PD, Easton DF, Hall P, Schmidt MK. Association between a breast cancer polygenic risk score and contralateral breast cancer risk [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-09-04.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Kramer
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands; University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands; Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; South General Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - MJ Hooning
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands; University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands; Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; South General Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - N Mavaddat
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands; University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands; Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; South General Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S Canisius
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands; University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands; Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; South General Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - R Keeman
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands; University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands; Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; South General Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - AJ van den Broek
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands; University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands; Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; South General Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - E Steyerberg
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands; University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands; Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; South General Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Hauptmann
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands; University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands; Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; South General Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - PD Pharoah
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands; University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands; Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; South General Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - DF Easton
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands; University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands; Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; South General Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - P Hall
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands; University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands; Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; South General Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - MK Schmidt
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands; University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands; Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; South General Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Phillips KA, Milne RL, Bassett JK, Hopper JL, Buys SS, Daly MB, Hooning MJ, Mooij TM, Andrieu N, Antoniou AC, Rookus MA, Easton DF, Mary-Beth T. Abstract P3-10-01: Tamoxifen and contralateral breast cancer (CBC) risk for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers: An updated analysis of data from the Kathleen Cuningham Foundation consortium for research into familial breast cancer, the International BRCA1 and BRCA2 Carrier cohort study and the breast cancer family registry. Cancer Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs17-p3-10-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Findings from an analysis published in 2013, using combined retrospective and prospective data pooled from 3 cohort studies, were consistent with tamoxifen use after 1st breast cancer (BC) being associated with reduced CBC risk for both BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers, although the analysis of prospective data alone (based on 100 incident CBCs) gave inconclusive results. The association did not differ by estrogen receptor (ER) status of the 1st BC, suggesting that tamoxifen may be a useful secondary BC prevention agent for mutation carriers regardless of the ER status of their 1st BC. The aim of this updated analysis was to assess these associations after incorporating data from an additional 1,279 mutation carriers and with further follow-up providing 153 additional prospective CBC events. Methods: Eligible women were BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers diagnosed with unilateral BC since 1970 and with no other invasive cancer or tamoxifen use before their 1st BC. They were followed up from their 1st BC (or, for the prospective analysis, from the later of recruitment and 1st BC diagnosis) to the development of CBC or censoring (at contralateral mastectomy, death or loss to follow-up). Hazard ratios (HRs) for CBC associated with tamoxifen use were estimated using Cox regression, adjusting for year and age of diagnosis, country and bilateral oophorectomy; analyses were also stratified by ER status of the 1st BC. Results: This 2017 analysis includes 3,743 mutation carriers (BRCA1 2,343; BRCA2 1,400) with 21,436 person years of follow-up. Compared with the 2013 analysis, the strengths of the inverse associations were attenuated after including the additional data.
2017 2013 TotalCBCHR (95% CI) p-valueTotalCBCHR (95% CI) p-value NN NN BRCA1 Combined* Tam 1st BC No17615141.0012003381.00Yes5821290.77 (0.63-0.95) 0.01383350.38 (0.27-0.55) <0.001Prospective Tam 1st BC No9841321.00481541.00Yes369400.82 (0.57-1.20) 0.31176120.58 (0.29-1.13) 0.1BRCA2 Combined* Tam1st BC No6361661.004271151.00Yes764990.58 (0.44-0.76) <0.001454320.33 (0.22-0.50) <0.001Prospective Tam 1st BC No389461.00191211.00Yes497350.68 (0.40-1.15) 0.15235130.48 (0.22-1.05) 0.07*Combined = retrospective and prospective, N=number, BRCA1 & BRCA2=mutation carriers, Tam 1st BC= Tamoxifen for 1st Breast Cancer
In this updated prospective analysis, the inverse association between tamoxifen use for 1st BC and CBC risk was most apparent for women with ER positive 1st BC, especially for BRCA2 mutation carriers: BRCA1 ER positive HR=0.45 (95% CI 0.17-1.22, p=0.12), BRCA1 ER negative HR= 0.87 (95% CI 0.45-1.67, p=0.67), BRCA2 ER positive HR=0.33 (95% CI 0.15-0.74, p<0.007), BRCA2 ER negative HR=1.12 (95% CI 0.27-4.70, p=0.88).
Conclusions: Tamoxifen use for 1st BC might reduce CBC risk for mutation carriers, but predominantly for those with an ER positive 1st BC. These data do not support use of tamoxifen to prevent CBC for mutation carriers with ER negative BC.
Citation Format: Phillips K-A, Milne RL, Bassett JK, Hopper JL, Buys SS, Daly MB, Hooning MJ, Mooij TM, Andrieu N, Antoniou AC, Rookus MA, Easton DF, Mary-Beth T. Tamoxifen and contralateral breast cancer (CBC) risk for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers: An updated analysis of data from the Kathleen Cuningham Foundation consortium for research into familial breast cancer, the International BRCA1 and BRCA2 Carrier cohort study and the breast cancer family registry [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2017 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2017 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-10-01.
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Affiliation(s)
- K-A Phillips
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia; The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Huntsman Cancer Institute at the University of Utah, Utah, U.S.; Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Institut Curie, Paris, France; University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Columbia University, New York
| | - RL Milne
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia; The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Huntsman Cancer Institute at the University of Utah, Utah, U.S.; Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Institut Curie, Paris, France; University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Columbia University, New York
| | - JK Bassett
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia; The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Huntsman Cancer Institute at the University of Utah, Utah, U.S.; Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Institut Curie, Paris, France; University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Columbia University, New York
| | - JL Hopper
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia; The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Huntsman Cancer Institute at the University of Utah, Utah, U.S.; Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Institut Curie, Paris, France; University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Columbia University, New York
| | - SS Buys
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia; The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Huntsman Cancer Institute at the University of Utah, Utah, U.S.; Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Institut Curie, Paris, France; University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Columbia University, New York
| | - MB Daly
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia; The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Huntsman Cancer Institute at the University of Utah, Utah, U.S.; Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Institut Curie, Paris, France; University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Columbia University, New York
| | - MJ Hooning
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia; The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Huntsman Cancer Institute at the University of Utah, Utah, U.S.; Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Institut Curie, Paris, France; University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Columbia University, New York
| | - TM Mooij
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia; The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Huntsman Cancer Institute at the University of Utah, Utah, U.S.; Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Institut Curie, Paris, France; University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Columbia University, New York
| | - N Andrieu
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia; The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Huntsman Cancer Institute at the University of Utah, Utah, U.S.; Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Institut Curie, Paris, France; University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Columbia University, New York
| | - AC Antoniou
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia; The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Huntsman Cancer Institute at the University of Utah, Utah, U.S.; Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Institut Curie, Paris, France; University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Columbia University, New York
| | - MA Rookus
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia; The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Huntsman Cancer Institute at the University of Utah, Utah, U.S.; Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Institut Curie, Paris, France; University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Columbia University, New York
| | - DF Easton
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia; The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Huntsman Cancer Institute at the University of Utah, Utah, U.S.; Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Institut Curie, Paris, France; University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Columbia University, New York
| | - T Mary-Beth
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia; The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Huntsman Cancer Institute at the University of Utah, Utah, U.S.; Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Institut Curie, Paris, France; University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Columbia University, New York
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Li J, Wen SWX, Eriksson M, Kvist A, Christensen HN, Torstensson A, Easton DF, Teo SH, Borg Å, Grönberg H, Czene K. Abstract P4-06-13: BRCA1/2 mutations identified by screening a large unselected breast cancer cohort in Sweden. Cancer Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs17-p4-06-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Treatment options for BRCA1/2 breast cancer include new therapeutic agents, such as poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors, which selectively target BRCA defective cells. According to current Swedish screening guidelines, eligibility for clinical BRCA1/2 hereditary mutation testing is mainly based on family history of breast or ovarian cancer and early age onset. We aimed at examining the prevalence and characteristics of BRCA1/2 mutation carriers by screening a large unselected breast cancer cohort in Sweden, and comparing our results with BRCA mutation carriers already identified through the national BRCA testing program.
Methods
Germline DNA (blood) from 5122 women diagnosed with breast cancer between 2001-2008 (LIBRO1 study) were analysed for BRCA1/2 mutations by targeted sequencing (next generation sequencing, NGS), of which 5099 samples passed quality control. All patients provided informed consent. Information on patient and tumor characteristics was collected from the LIBRO1 database. Clinical BRCA testing information was obtained from the BRCA Lab (Lund University, Sweden), which carries out mutation screening for all oncogenetic clinics in Sweden.
Multinomial logit models were used to compare tumor characteristics of BRCA1 and BRCA2 versus non-BRCA carriers. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to examine for differences between BRCA carriers identified through the national BRCA testing program and additional BRCA carriers found by sequencing the entire study population (not tested or not identified under current screening guidelines).
Results
In total, 92 (1.8%) BRCA1/2 mutation carriers were identified retrospectively by NGS. The prevalence of BRCA1/2 mutations was 1.6% (38/2363) between years 2001-2004; and 2.0% (54/2736) between years 2005-2008. After controlling for age and year of diagnosis, BRCA2 mutation carriers were in general similar to non-BRCA carriers regarding tumor characteristics (hormone receptor status, grade, tumor size and proliferation index), except for nodal involvement. BRCA1 mutation carriers, however, had more aggressive tumor characteristics than non-BRCA breast cancer patients.
Overall, 55/92 BRCA1/2 mutation carriers (59.8%) found by NGS were not already identified through the national clinical BRCA testing program. The BRCA carriers identified by clinical testing were more likely high-risk individuals, i.e. younger, less likely to have experienced menopause, and more likely to be associated with a familiar ovarian cancer compared to those not identified through clinical testing, after adjusting for year of diagnosis. A larger proportion of BRCA2 (34/42, 80%) than BRCA1 mutations (25/50, 50%) were missed by selectively testing, mainly high-risk individuals.
Conclusion
BRCA1/2 mutations were found in approximately 2.0% of unselected BC patients. Six out of ten BRCA mutation carriers were not identified through the national testing program, which follows the screening guidelines. Revised guidelines might be needed for the effective identification of BRCA1/2 germline mutations.
Citation Format: Li J, Wen SWX, Eriksson M, Kvist A, Christensen HN, Torstensson A, Easton DF, Teo S-H, Borg Å, Grönberg H, Czene K. BRCA1/2 mutations identified by screening a large unselected breast cancer cohort in Sweden [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2017 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2017 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-06-13.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Li
- Karolinska Institutet, Sweden; Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore; Cancer Research Malaysia, Malaysia; Lund University, Sweden; AstraZeneca Nordic-Baltic, Södertälje, Sweden; University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - SWX Wen
- Karolinska Institutet, Sweden; Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore; Cancer Research Malaysia, Malaysia; Lund University, Sweden; AstraZeneca Nordic-Baltic, Södertälje, Sweden; University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - M Eriksson
- Karolinska Institutet, Sweden; Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore; Cancer Research Malaysia, Malaysia; Lund University, Sweden; AstraZeneca Nordic-Baltic, Södertälje, Sweden; University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - A Kvist
- Karolinska Institutet, Sweden; Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore; Cancer Research Malaysia, Malaysia; Lund University, Sweden; AstraZeneca Nordic-Baltic, Södertälje, Sweden; University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - HN Christensen
- Karolinska Institutet, Sweden; Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore; Cancer Research Malaysia, Malaysia; Lund University, Sweden; AstraZeneca Nordic-Baltic, Södertälje, Sweden; University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - A Torstensson
- Karolinska Institutet, Sweden; Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore; Cancer Research Malaysia, Malaysia; Lund University, Sweden; AstraZeneca Nordic-Baltic, Södertälje, Sweden; University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - DF Easton
- Karolinska Institutet, Sweden; Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore; Cancer Research Malaysia, Malaysia; Lund University, Sweden; AstraZeneca Nordic-Baltic, Södertälje, Sweden; University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - S-H Teo
- Karolinska Institutet, Sweden; Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore; Cancer Research Malaysia, Malaysia; Lund University, Sweden; AstraZeneca Nordic-Baltic, Södertälje, Sweden; University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Å Borg
- Karolinska Institutet, Sweden; Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore; Cancer Research Malaysia, Malaysia; Lund University, Sweden; AstraZeneca Nordic-Baltic, Södertälje, Sweden; University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - H Grönberg
- Karolinska Institutet, Sweden; Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore; Cancer Research Malaysia, Malaysia; Lund University, Sweden; AstraZeneca Nordic-Baltic, Södertälje, Sweden; University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - K Czene
- Karolinska Institutet, Sweden; Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore; Cancer Research Malaysia, Malaysia; Lund University, Sweden; AstraZeneca Nordic-Baltic, Södertälje, Sweden; University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
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6
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Li J, Wen SWX, Eriksson M, Kvist A, Christensen HN, Torstensson A, Easton DF, Teo SH, Borg Å, Grönberg H, Czene K. Abstract P4-06-15: Targeted sequencing of BRCA1/2 across a large unselected breast cancer cohort in Sweden. Cancer Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs17-p4-06-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Observed BRCA1/2 mutation frequencies can vary depending on the population screened, screening criteria, founder effects, and methods used for testing. We aimed at examining BRCA1/2 germline mutations, identified through targeted sequencing, in a large unselected breast cancer population in Sweden.
Methods
Sequencing libraries of germline DNA from 5122 breast cancer patients diagnosed between 2001-2008 (LIBRO1) were prepared (48.48 Fluidigm Access Array system, Fluidigm Corp, USA) and sequenced (Next-generation sequencing [NGS], Illumina HiSeq 2500, v2 chemistry, University of Cambridge, UK). A total of 5099 samples (97.8%) passed quality control and were analysed.
BRCA1/2 carriers identified by NGS were compared with those who were already identified by clinical BRCA screening (n=418) performed by the BRCA Lab (Lund University). This unit carries out mutation screening for all oncogenetic clinics in Sweden using denaturing high performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC) and multiple ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA).
Results
A total of 50 BRCA1 mutation carriers were identified, of which 28 were unique pathogenic germline mutations. Frameshift insertions and deletions made up 34/50 (68%) of the BRCA1 mutations. Exon 11 harbored 33/50 (66%) of the BRCA1 mutations. The most common mutation was c.3048_3052dupTGAGA (n=8), which is a founder mutation originating from the West coast of Sweden. Three other Swedish founder mutations were also identified (c.1082_1092del [n=5], c.3626delT [n=3] and c.2475delC [n=2]). For BRCA2, 42 mutation carriers were identified; 33 unique deleterious BRCA2 mutations (27 frameshift deletions, 3 frameshift insertions, 9 truncating and 3 splice sites). More than half of the mutations (24/42, 57%) were found on exon 11. Of the 418 women who had attended clinical BRCA testing, 38 deleterious mutations were found. Our screening method confirmed 34 of these mutations, as two each of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations were missed, since NGS was proven unsuitable for the detection of large exon duplications. NGS did, however, identify three more carriers not previously identified by clinical testing (c.3048_3052dup, c.2577delA and c.7442delT). Overall, 55/92 BRCA1/2 mutation carriers (59.8%) identified in the present study by NGS were not clinically tested.
Conclusion
NGS is comparable with current BRCA testing tools for the identification of BRCA1/2 germline mutations, suggesting that the technology has the potential to be used in BRCA1/2 clinical testing in unselected breast cancer patients.
Citation Format: Li J, Wen SWX, Eriksson M, Kvist A, Christensen HN, Torstensson A, Easton DF, Teo S-H, Borg Å, Grönberg H, Czene K. Targeted sequencing of BRCA1/2 across a large unselected breast cancer cohort in Sweden [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2017 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2017 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-06-15.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Li
- Karolinska Institutet, Sweden; Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore; Cancer Research Malaysia, Malaysia; Lund University, Sweden; AstraZeneca Nordic-Baltic, Södertälje, Sweden; University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - SWX Wen
- Karolinska Institutet, Sweden; Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore; Cancer Research Malaysia, Malaysia; Lund University, Sweden; AstraZeneca Nordic-Baltic, Södertälje, Sweden; University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - M Eriksson
- Karolinska Institutet, Sweden; Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore; Cancer Research Malaysia, Malaysia; Lund University, Sweden; AstraZeneca Nordic-Baltic, Södertälje, Sweden; University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - A Kvist
- Karolinska Institutet, Sweden; Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore; Cancer Research Malaysia, Malaysia; Lund University, Sweden; AstraZeneca Nordic-Baltic, Södertälje, Sweden; University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - HN Christensen
- Karolinska Institutet, Sweden; Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore; Cancer Research Malaysia, Malaysia; Lund University, Sweden; AstraZeneca Nordic-Baltic, Södertälje, Sweden; University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - A Torstensson
- Karolinska Institutet, Sweden; Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore; Cancer Research Malaysia, Malaysia; Lund University, Sweden; AstraZeneca Nordic-Baltic, Södertälje, Sweden; University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - DF Easton
- Karolinska Institutet, Sweden; Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore; Cancer Research Malaysia, Malaysia; Lund University, Sweden; AstraZeneca Nordic-Baltic, Södertälje, Sweden; University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - S-H Teo
- Karolinska Institutet, Sweden; Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore; Cancer Research Malaysia, Malaysia; Lund University, Sweden; AstraZeneca Nordic-Baltic, Södertälje, Sweden; University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Å Borg
- Karolinska Institutet, Sweden; Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore; Cancer Research Malaysia, Malaysia; Lund University, Sweden; AstraZeneca Nordic-Baltic, Södertälje, Sweden; University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - H Grönberg
- Karolinska Institutet, Sweden; Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore; Cancer Research Malaysia, Malaysia; Lund University, Sweden; AstraZeneca Nordic-Baltic, Södertälje, Sweden; University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - K Czene
- Karolinska Institutet, Sweden; Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore; Cancer Research Malaysia, Malaysia; Lund University, Sweden; AstraZeneca Nordic-Baltic, Södertälje, Sweden; University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Schrijver LH, Olsson H, Antoniou AC, Milne RL, Phillips KA, Andrieu N, Easton DF, Goldgar D, Engel C, Kast K, Roos-Blom MJ, Mooij TM, Hopper JL, van Leeuwen FE, Terry MB, Rookus MA. Abstract P5-08-09: Use of oral contraceptives and risk of breast cancer in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers: An international prospective cohort study; for the studies of EMBRACE, GENEPSO, HEBON, kConFab and BCFR. Cancer Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs16-p5-08-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
This abstract was withdrawn by the authors.
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Affiliation(s)
- LH Schrijver
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Lund University, Lund, Sweden; University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia; Institute Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM, U900, Paris, France; University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Colombia University, New York, NY
| | - H Olsson
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Lund University, Lund, Sweden; University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia; Institute Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM, U900, Paris, France; University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Colombia University, New York, NY
| | - AC Antoniou
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Lund University, Lund, Sweden; University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia; Institute Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM, U900, Paris, France; University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Colombia University, New York, NY
| | - RL Milne
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Lund University, Lund, Sweden; University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia; Institute Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM, U900, Paris, France; University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Colombia University, New York, NY
| | - K-A Phillips
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Lund University, Lund, Sweden; University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia; Institute Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM, U900, Paris, France; University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Colombia University, New York, NY
| | - N Andrieu
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Lund University, Lund, Sweden; University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia; Institute Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM, U900, Paris, France; University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Colombia University, New York, NY
| | - DF Easton
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Lund University, Lund, Sweden; University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia; Institute Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM, U900, Paris, France; University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Colombia University, New York, NY
| | - D Goldgar
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Lund University, Lund, Sweden; University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia; Institute Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM, U900, Paris, France; University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Colombia University, New York, NY
| | - C Engel
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Lund University, Lund, Sweden; University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia; Institute Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM, U900, Paris, France; University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Colombia University, New York, NY
| | - K Kast
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Lund University, Lund, Sweden; University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia; Institute Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM, U900, Paris, France; University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Colombia University, New York, NY
| | - M-J Roos-Blom
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Lund University, Lund, Sweden; University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia; Institute Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM, U900, Paris, France; University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Colombia University, New York, NY
| | - TM Mooij
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Lund University, Lund, Sweden; University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia; Institute Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM, U900, Paris, France; University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Colombia University, New York, NY
| | - JL Hopper
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Lund University, Lund, Sweden; University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia; Institute Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM, U900, Paris, France; University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Colombia University, New York, NY
| | - FE van Leeuwen
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Lund University, Lund, Sweden; University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia; Institute Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM, U900, Paris, France; University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Colombia University, New York, NY
| | - M-B Terry
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Lund University, Lund, Sweden; University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia; Institute Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM, U900, Paris, France; University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Colombia University, New York, NY
| | - MA Rookus
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Lund University, Lund, Sweden; University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia; Institute Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM, U900, Paris, France; University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Colombia University, New York, NY
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Luedeke M, Rinckleb AE, FitzGerald LM, Geybels MS, Schleutker J, Eeles RA, Teixeira MR, Cannon-Albright L, Ostrander EA, Weikert S, Herkommer K, Wahlfors T, Visakorpi T, Leinonen KA, Tammela TL, Cooper CS, Kote-Jarai Z, Edwards S, Goh CL, McCarthy F, Parker C, Flohr P, Paulo P, Jerónimo C, Henrique R, Krause H, Wach S, Lieb V, Rau TT, Vogel W, Kuefer R, Hofer MD, Perner S, Rubin MA, Agarwal AM, Easton DF, Al Olama AA, Benlloch S, Hoegel J, Stanford JL, Maier C. Prostate cancer risk regions at 8q24 and 17q24 are differentially associated with somatic TMPRSS2:ERG fusion status. Hum Mol Genet 2016; 25:5490-5499. [PMID: 27798103 PMCID: PMC5418832 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular and epidemiological differences have been described between TMPRSS2:ERG fusion-positive and fusion-negative prostate cancer (PrCa). Assuming two molecularly distinct subtypes, we have examined 27 common PrCa risk variants, previously identified in genome-wide association studies, for subtype specific associations in a total of 1221 TMPRSS2:ERG phenotyped PrCa cases. In meta-analyses of a discovery set of 552 cases with TMPRSS2:ERG data and 7650 unaffected men from five centers we have found support for the hypothesis that several common risk variants are associated with one particular subtype rather than with PrCa in general. Risk variants were analyzed in case-case comparisons (296 TMPRSS2:ERG fusion-positive versus 256 fusion-negative cases) and an independent set of 669 cases with TMPRSS2:ERG data was established to replicate the top five candidates. Significant differences (P < 0.00185) between the two subtypes were observed for rs16901979 (8q24) and rs1859962 (17q24), which were enriched in TMPRSS2:ERG fusion-negative (OR = 0.53, P = 0.0007) and TMPRSS2:ERG fusion-positive PrCa (OR = 1.30, P = 0.0016), respectively. Expression quantitative trait locus analysis was performed to investigate mechanistic links between risk variants, fusion status and target gene mRNA levels. For rs1859962 at 17q24, genotype dependent expression was observed for the candidate target gene SOX9 in TMPRSS2:ERG fusion-positive PrCa, which was not evident in TMPRSS2:ERG negative tumors. The present study established evidence for the first two common PrCa risk variants differentially associated with TMPRSS2:ERG fusion status. TMPRSS2:ERG phenotyping of larger studies is required to determine comprehensive sets of variants with subtype-specific roles in PrCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Luedeke
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- Department of Urology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Antje E. Rinckleb
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- Department of Urology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Liesel M. FitzGerald
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Division of Public Health Science, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Cancer, Genetics and Immunology, Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Milan S. Geybels
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Division of Public Health Science, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Johanna Schleutker
- Institute of Biomedical Technology/BioMediTech, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Turku, and Tyks Microbiology and Genetics, Department of Medical Genetics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Rosalind A. Eeles
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Royal Marsden National Health Service Foundation Trust, London and Sutton, UK
| | - Manuel R. Teixeira
- Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute, Porto, Portugal
- Abel Salazar Biomedical Sciences Institute, Porto University, Porto, Portugal
| | - Lisa Cannon-Albright
- Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | - Steffen Weikert
- Department of Urology, Vivantes Humboldt Hospital, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kathleen Herkommer
- Department of Urology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Tiina Wahlfors
- Institute of Biomedical Technology/BioMediTech, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Tapio Visakorpi
- Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | | | - Teuvo L.J. Tammela
- Department of Urology, Tampere University Hospital and School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Colin S. Cooper
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Department of Biological Science, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | | | | | - Chee L. Goh
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | | | - Chris Parker
- Royal Marsden National Health Service Foundation Trust, London and Sutton, UK
| | - Penny Flohr
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Paula Paulo
- Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute, Porto, Portugal
- Abel Salazar Biomedical Sciences Institute, Porto University, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carmen Jerónimo
- Abel Salazar Biomedical Sciences Institute, Porto University, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Henrique
- Abel Salazar Biomedical Sciences Institute, Porto University, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute, Porto, Portugal
| | - Hans Krause
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sven Wach
- Department of Urology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Verena Lieb
- Department of Urology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tilman T. Rau
- Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, University Bern, Bern Switzerland
| | - Walther Vogel
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Rainer Kuefer
- Department of Urology, Klinik am Eichert, Göppingen, Germany
| | - Matthias D. Hofer
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sven Perner
- Pathology of the University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Luebeck and the Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Luebeck and Borstel, Germany
| | - Mark A. Rubin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Doug F. Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetics Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ali Amin Al Olama
- Centre for Cancer Genetics Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sara Benlloch
- Centre for Cancer Genetics Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Josef Hoegel
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Janet L. Stanford
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Division of Public Health Science, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Christiane Maier
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- Department of Urology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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Southey MC, Goldgar DE, Winqvist R, Pylkäs K, Couch F, Tischkowitz M, Foulkes WD, Dennis J, Michailidou K, van Rensburg EJ, Heikkinen T, Nevanlinna H, Hopper JL, Dörk T, Claes KB, Reis-Filho J, Teo ZL, Radice P, Catucci I, Peterlongo P, Tsimiklis H, Odefrey FA, Dowty JG, Schmidt MK, Broeks A, Hogervorst FB, Verhoef S, Carpenter J, Clarke C, Scott RJ, Fasching PA, Haeberle L, Ekici AB, Beckmann MW, Peto J, Dos-Santos-Silva I, Fletcher O, Johnson N, Bolla MK, Sawyer EJ, Tomlinson I, Kerin MJ, Miller N, Marme F, Burwinkel B, Yang R, Guénel P, Truong T, Menegaux F, Sanchez M, Bojesen S, Nielsen SF, Flyger H, Benitez J, Zamora MP, Perez JIA, Menéndez P, Anton-Culver H, Neuhausen S, Ziogas A, Clarke CA, Brenner H, Arndt V, Stegmaier C, Brauch H, Brüning T, Ko YD, Muranen TA, Aittomäki K, Blomqvist C, Bogdanova NV, Antonenkova NN, Lindblom A, Margolin S, Mannermaa A, Kataja V, Kosma VM, Hartikainen JM, Spurdle AB, Investigators KC, Wauters E, Smeets D, Beuselinck B, Floris G, Chang-Claude J, Rudolph A, Seibold P, Flesch-Janys D, Olson JE, Vachon C, Pankratz VS, McLean C, Haiman CA, Henderson BE, Schumacher F, Le Marchand L, Kristensen V, Alnæs GG, Zheng W, Hunter DJ, Lindstrom S, Hankinson SE, Kraft P, Andrulis I, Knight JA, Glendon G, Mulligan AM, Jukkola-Vuorinen A, Grip M, Kauppila S, Devilee P, Tollenaar RAEM, Seynaeve C, Hollestelle A, Garcia-Closas M, Figueroa J, Chanock SJ, Lissowska J, Czene K, Darabi H, Eriksson M, Eccles DM, Rafiq S, Tapper WJ, Gerty SM, Hooning MJ, Martens JWM, Collée JM, Tilanus-Linthorst M, Hall P, Li J, Brand JS, Humphreys K, Cox A, Reed MWR, Luccarini C, Baynes C, Dunning AM, Hamann U, Torres D, Ulmer HU, Rüdiger T, Jakubowska A, Lubinski J, Jaworska K, Durda K, Slager S, Toland AE, Ambrosone CB, Yannoukakos D, Swerdlow A, Ashworth A, Orr N, Jones M, González-Neira A, Pita G, Alonso MR, Álvarez N, Herrero D, Tessier DC, Vincent D, Bacot F, Simard J, Dumont M, Soucy P, Eeles R, Muir K, Wiklund F, Gronberg H, Schleutker J, Nordestgaard BG, Weischer M, Travis RC, Neal D, Donovan JL, Hamdy FC, Khaw KT, Stanford JL, Blot WJ, Thibodeau S, Schaid DJ, Kelley JL, Maier C, Kibel AS, Cybulski C, Cannon-Albright L, Butterbach K, Park J, Kaneva R, Batra J, Teixeira MR, Kote-Jarai Z, Olama AAA, Benlloch S, Renner SP, Hartmann A, Hein A, Ruebner M, Lambrechts D, Van Nieuwenhuysen E, Vergote I, Lambretchs S, Doherty JA, Rossing MA, Nickels S, Eilber U, Wang-Gohrke S, Odunsi K, Sucheston-Campbell LE, Friel G, Lurie G, Killeen JL, Wilkens LR, Goodman MT, Runnebaum I, Hillemanns PA, Pelttari LM, Butzow R, Modugno F, Edwards RP, Ness RB, Moysich KB, du Bois A, Heitz F, Harter P, Kommoss S, Karlan BY, Walsh C, Lester J, Jensen A, Kjaer SK, Høgdall E, Peissel B, Bonanni B, Bernard L, Goode EL, Fridley BL, Vierkant RA, Cunningham JM, Larson MC, Fogarty ZC, Kalli KR, Liang D, Lu KH, Hildebrandt MAT, Wu X, Levine DA, Dao F, Bisogna M, Berchuck A, Iversen ES, Marks JR, Akushevich L, Cramer DW, Schildkraut J, Terry KL, Poole EM, Stampfer M, Tworoger SS, Bandera EV, Orlow I, Olson SH, Bjorge L, Salvesen HB, van Altena AM, Aben KKH, Kiemeney LA, Massuger LFAG, Pejovic T, Bean Y, Brooks-Wilson A, Kelemen LE, Cook LS, Le ND, Górski B, Gronwald J, Menkiszak J, Høgdall CK, Lundvall L, Nedergaard L, Engelholm SA, Dicks E, Tyrer J, Campbell I, McNeish I, Paul J, Siddiqui N, Glasspool R, Whittemore AS, Rothstein JH, McGuire V, Sieh W, Cai H, Shu XO, Teten RT, Sutphen R, McLaughlin JR, Narod SA, Phelan CM, Monteiro AN, Fenstermacher D, Lin HY, Permuth JB, Sellers TA, Chen YA, Tsai YY, Chen Z, Gentry-Maharaj A, Gayther SA, Ramus SJ, Menon U, Wu AH, Pearce CL, Van Den Berg D, Pike MC, Dansonka-Mieszkowska A, Plisiecka-Halasa J, Moes-Sosnowska J, Kupryjanczyk J, Pharoah PD, Song H, Winship I, Chenevix-Trench G, Giles GG, Tavtigian SV, Easton DF, Milne RL. PALB2, CHEK2 and ATM rare variants and cancer risk: data from COGS. J Med Genet 2016; 53:800-811. [PMID: 27595995 PMCID: PMC5200636 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2016-103839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rarity of mutations in PALB2, CHEK2 and ATM make it difficult to estimate precisely associated cancer risks. Population-based family studies have provided evidence that at least some of these mutations are associated with breast cancer risk as high as those associated with rare BRCA2 mutations. We aimed to estimate the relative risks associated with specific rare variants in PALB2, CHEK2 and ATM via a multicentre case-control study. METHODS We genotyped 10 rare mutations using the custom iCOGS array: PALB2 c.1592delT, c.2816T>G and c.3113G>A, CHEK2 c.349A>G, c.538C>T, c.715G>A, c.1036C>T, c.1312G>T, and c.1343T>G and ATM c.7271T>G. We assessed associations with breast cancer risk (42 671 cases and 42 164 controls), as well as prostate (22 301 cases and 22 320 controls) and ovarian (14 542 cases and 23 491 controls) cancer risk, for each variant. RESULTS For European women, strong evidence of association with breast cancer risk was observed for PALB2 c.1592delT OR 3.44 (95% CI 1.39 to 8.52, p=7.1×10-5), PALB2 c.3113G>A OR 4.21 (95% CI 1.84 to 9.60, p=6.9×10-8) and ATM c.7271T>G OR 11.0 (95% CI 1.42 to 85.7, p=0.0012). We also found evidence of association with breast cancer risk for three variants in CHEK2, c.349A>G OR 2.26 (95% CI 1.29 to 3.95), c.1036C>T OR 5.06 (95% CI 1.09 to 23.5) and c.538C>T OR 1.33 (95% CI 1.05 to 1.67) (p≤0.017). Evidence for prostate cancer risk was observed for CHEK2 c.1343T>G OR 3.03 (95% CI 1.53 to 6.03, p=0.0006) for African men and CHEK2 c.1312G>T OR 2.21 (95% CI 1.06 to 4.63, p=0.030) for European men. No evidence of association with ovarian cancer was found for any of these variants. CONCLUSIONS This report adds to accumulating evidence that at least some variants in these genes are associated with an increased risk of breast cancer that is clinically important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa C Southey
- Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Robert Winqvist
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Nordlab Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Katri Pylkäs
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Nordlab Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Fergus Couch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Marc Tischkowitz
- Department of Medical Genetics and National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, and the Department of Clinical Genetics, East Anglian Regional Genetics Service, Addenbrooke's Hospital
| | - William D Foulkes
- Program in Cancer Genetics, Department of Human Genetics and Oncology, Lady Davis Institute, and Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Joe Dennis
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Laboratory, Worts Causeway, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kyriaki Michailidou
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Laboratory, Worts Causeway, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Tuomas Heikkinen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heli Nevanlinna
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - John L Hopper
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Thilo Dörk
- Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kathleen Bm Claes
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jorge Reis-Filho
- Department of Pathology and Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Zhi Ling Teo
- Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Paolo Radice
- Unit of Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk and Genetic Testing, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori (INT), Milan, Italy
| | - Irene Catucci
- IFOM, the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Helen Tsimiklis
- Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Fabrice A Odefrey
- Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - James G Dowty
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Marjanka K Schmidt
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annegien Broeks
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frans B Hogervorst
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Senno Verhoef
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jane Carpenter
- Australian Breast Cancer Tissue Bank, University of Sydney at the Westmead Institute for Medical Research, NSW, Australia
| | - Christine Clarke
- Centre for Cancer Research, University of Sydney at the Westmead Institute for Medical Research, NSW, Australia
| | - Rodney J Scott
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Pathology North, Newcastle and University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Peter A Fasching
- University Breast Center Franconia, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California at Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lothar Haeberle
- University Breast Center Franconia, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
- Unit of Biostatistics, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arif B Ekici
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthias W Beckmann
- University Breast Center Franconia, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Julian Peto
- Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Isabel Dos-Santos-Silva
- Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Olivia Fletcher
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Nichola Johnson
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Manjeet K Bolla
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Laboratory, Worts Causeway, Cambridge, UK
| | - Elinor J Sawyer
- Division of Cancer Studies, NIHR Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre, Guy's & St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust in partnership with King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ian Tomlinson
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics and Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, UK and Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Headington, OX3 7LE
| | - Michael J Kerin
- Surgery, Lambe Institute for Translational Science, NUIGalway, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Nicola Miller
- Surgery, Lambe Institute for Translational Science, NUIGalway, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Federik Marme
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Barbara Burwinkel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Molecular Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rongxi Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Molecular Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pascal Guénel
- Inserm (National Institute of Health and Medical Research), CESP (Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health), U1018, Environmental Epidemiology of Cancer, Villejuif, France
- University Paris-Sud, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France
| | - Thérèse Truong
- Inserm (National Institute of Health and Medical Research), CESP (Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health), U1018, Environmental Epidemiology of Cancer, Villejuif, France
- University Paris-Sud, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France
| | - Florence Menegaux
- Inserm (National Institute of Health and Medical Research), CESP (Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health), U1018, Environmental Epidemiology of Cancer, Villejuif, France
- University Paris-Sud, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France
| | - Marie Sanchez
- Inserm (National Institute of Health and Medical Research), CESP (Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health), U1018, Environmental Epidemiology of Cancer, Villejuif, France
- University Paris-Sud, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France
| | - Stig Bojesen
- Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sune F Nielsen
- Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik Flyger
- Department of Breast Surgery, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Javier Benitez
- Human Genetics Group, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain
| | - M Pilar Zamora
- Servicio de Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Hoda Anton-Culver
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Susan Neuhausen
- Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Argyrios Ziogas
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | | | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Volker Arndt
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Hiltrud Brauch
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart
- University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Brüning
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University, Bochum (IPA), Germany
| | - Yon-Dschun Ko
- Department of Internal Medicine, Evangelische Kliniken Bonn gGmbH, Johanniter Krankenhaus, Bonn, Germany
| | - Taru A Muranen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kristiina Aittomäki
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Carl Blomqvist
- Department of Oncology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Natalia V Bogdanova
- Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Natalia N Antonenkova
- N.N. Alexandrov Research Institute of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Annika Lindblom
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sara Margolin
- Department of Oncology - Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Arto Mannermaa
- School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, and Cancer Center of Eastern Finland, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Imaging Center, Department of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Vesa Kataja
- School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oncology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Biocenter Kuopio, Cancer Center of Eastern Finland, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Veli-Matti Kosma
- School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, and Cancer Center of Eastern Finland, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Imaging Center, Department of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jaana M Hartikainen
- School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, and Cancer Center of Eastern Finland, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Imaging Center, Department of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - kConFab Investigators
- Research Department, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Els Wauters
- Vesalius Research Center (VRC), VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dominiek Smeets
- Vesalius Research Center (VRC), VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anja Rudolph
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Petra Seibold
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dieter Flesch-Janys
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology/Clinical Cancer Registry and Institute for Medical Biometrics and Epidemiology, University Clinic Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Janet E Olson
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Celine Vachon
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Vernon S Pankratz
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Catriona McLean
- Anatomical Pathology, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Christopher A Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Brian E Henderson
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Fredrick Schumacher
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Loic Le Marchand
- Epidemiology Program, Cancer Research Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Vessela Kristensen
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine (Faculty Division Ahus), University of Oslo (UiO), Norway
| | - Grethe Grenaker Alnæs
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - David J Hunter
- Program in Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sara Lindstrom
- Program in Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Susan E Hankinson
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter Kraft
- Program in Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Irene Andrulis
- Ontario Cancer Genetics Network, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Julia A Knight
- Prosserman Centre for Health Research, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Epidemiology, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gord Glendon
- Ontario Cancer Genetics Network, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anna Marie Mulligan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Mervi Grip
- Department of Surgery, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Saila Kauppila
- Department of Pathology, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Peter Devilee
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Robert A E M Tollenaar
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline Seynaeve
- Family Cancer Clinic, Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC-Daniel den Hoed Cancer Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Oncology, Family Cancer Clinic, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Antoinette Hollestelle
- Family Cancer Clinic, Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC-Daniel den Hoed Cancer Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Oncology, Family Cancer Clinic, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Montserrat Garcia-Closas
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Jonine Figueroa
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Stephen J Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Jolanta Lissowska
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, M. Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center & Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kamila Czene
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
| | - Hatef Darabi
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
| | - Mikael Eriksson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
| | - Diana M Eccles
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton (UoS), Southampton UK
| | - Sajjad Rafiq
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton (UoS), Southampton UK
| | - William J Tapper
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton (UoS), Southampton UK
| | - Sue M Gerty
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton (UoS), Southampton UK
| | - Maartje J Hooning
- Department of Medical Oncology, Family Cancer Clinic, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - John W M Martens
- Department of Medical Oncology, Family Cancer Clinic, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J Margriet Collée
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Family Cancer Clinic, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Madeleine Tilanus-Linthorst
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Family Cancer Clinic, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Per Hall
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
| | - Jingmei Li
- Human Genetics Division, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Judith S Brand
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
| | - Keith Humphreys
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
| | - Angela Cox
- Sheffield Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Malcolm W R Reed
- Sheffield Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Craig Luccarini
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Caroline Baynes
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alison M Dunning
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ute Hamann
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Diana Torres
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogota, Colombia
| | | | - Thomas Rüdiger
- Institute of Pathology, Städtisches Klinikum Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Anna Jakubowska
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jan Lubinski
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Jaworska
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
- Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Durda
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Susan Slager
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Amanda E Toland
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Drakoulis Yannoukakos
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, IRRP, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Aghia Paraskevi Attikis, Athens, Greece
| | - Anthony Swerdlow
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Division of Breast Cancer Research, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Alan Ashworth
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Nick Orr
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Michael Jones
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Anna González-Neira
- Human Genetics Group, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo Pita
- Human Genetics Group, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - M Rosario Alonso
- Human Genetics Group, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria Álvarez
- Human Genetics Group, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Herrero
- Human Genetics Group, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel C Tessier
- Centre d'innovation Genome Quebec et University McGill Montreal Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | - Jacques Simard
- Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Quebec Research Center. Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Martine Dumont
- Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Quebec Research Center. Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Penny Soucy
- Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Quebec Research Center. Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Rosalind Eeles
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK
- Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Fulham, London, SW3 6JJ, UK
| | | | - Fredrik Wiklund
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Henrik Gronberg
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johanna Schleutker
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Turku, and Tyks Microbiology and Genetics, Department of Medical Genetics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Institute of Biomedical Technology/BioMediTech, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Børge G Nordestgaard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev Ringvej 75, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark
| | - Maren Weischer
- Department of Human Genetics University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA and Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ruth C Travis
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - David Neal
- Surgical Oncology (Uro-Oncology: S4), University of Cambridge, Box 279, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, UK and Cancer Research UK Cambridge Research Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jenny L Donovan
- Professor of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, 39 Whatley Road, Bristol BS8 2PS
| | - Freddie C Hamdy
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, Old Road Campus Research Building (off Roosevelt Drive), University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7DQ
| | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- Cambridge Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Forvie Site, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0SR
| | - Janet L Stanford
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - William J Blot
- International Epidemiology Institute, 1455 Research Blvd., Suite 550, Rockville, MD 20850
| | - Stephen Thibodeau
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Daniel J Schaid
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Joseph L Kelley
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Christiane Maier
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Ulm, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics University Hospital Ulm, Germany
| | - Adam S Kibel
- Brigham and Women's Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 45 Francis Street- ASB II-3, Boston, MA 02115
- Washington University, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Cezary Cybulski
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Lisa Cannon-Albright
- Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine
| | - Katja Butterbach
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jong Park
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Dr., Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Radka Kaneva
- Molecular Medicine Center and Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University - Sofia, 2 Zdrave St, 1431, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Jyotsna Batra
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Qld, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation and Schools of Life Science and Public Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Manuel R Teixeira
- Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute, Porto, Portugal and Biomedical Sciences Institute (ICBAS), Porto University, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Ali Amin Al Olama
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Laboratory, Worts Causeway, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sara Benlloch
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Laboratory, Worts Causeway, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stefan P Renner
- University Hospital Erlangen, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Universitaetsstrasse 21-23, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arndt Hartmann
- University Hospital Erlangen, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Universitaetsstrasse 21-23, 91054 Erlangen, German
| | - Alexander Hein
- University Hospital Erlangen, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Universitaetsstrasse 21-23, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthias Ruebner
- University Hospital Erlangen, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Universitaetsstrasse 21-23, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Diether Lambrechts
- Vesalius Research Center, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Belgium
| | - Els Van Nieuwenhuysen
- Department of Epidemiology, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Ignace Vergote
- Department of Epidemiology, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Sandrina Lambretchs
- Department of Epidemiology, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Jennifer A Doherty
- Department of Epidemiology, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hannover, NH, USA
| | - Mary Anne Rossing
- Program in Epidemiology, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Stefan Nickels
- German Cancer Research Center, Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ursula Eilber
- German Cancer Research Center, Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Shan Wang-Gohrke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Kunle Odunsi
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY
| | | | - Grace Friel
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY
| | - Galina Lurie
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Hawaii, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Killeen
- Department of Pathology, Kapiolani Medical Center for Women and Children, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96826, USA
| | - Lynne R Wilkens
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Hawaii, USA
| | - Marc T Goodman
- Cancer Prevention and Control, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Community and Population Health Research Institute, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ingo Runnebaum
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Peter A Hillemanns
- Clinics of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Liisa M Pelttari
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ralf Butzow
- Department of Pathology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, 00029 HUS, Finland
| | - Francesmary Modugno
- University of Pittsburgh Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences and Ovarian Cancer Center of Excellence Pittsburgh PA USA
- University of Pittsburgh Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health and Womens Cancer Research Program, Magee-Womens Research Institute and University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute Pittsburgh PA USA
| | - Robert P Edwards
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Roberta B Ness
- The University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kirsten B Moysich
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY
| | - Andreas du Bois
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Kliniken Essen-Mitte/ Evang. Huyssens-Stiftung/ Knappschaft GmbH, Essen, Germany
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Dr. Horst Schmidt Kliniken Wiesbaden, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Florian Heitz
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Kliniken Essen-Mitte/ Evang. Huyssens-Stiftung/ Knappschaft GmbH, Essen, Germany
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Dr. Horst Schmidt Kliniken Wiesbaden, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Philipp Harter
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Kliniken Essen-Mitte/ Evang. Huyssens-Stiftung/ Knappschaft GmbH, Essen, Germany
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Dr. Horst Schmidt Kliniken Wiesbaden, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Stefan Kommoss
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Dr. Horst Schmidt Kliniken Wiesbaden, Wiesbaden, Germany
- Tuebingen University Hospital, Department of Women's Health, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Beth Y Karlan
- Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Christine Walsh
- Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jenny Lester
- Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Allan Jensen
- Department of Virus, Lifestyle and Genes, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Susanne Krüger Kjaer
- Department of Virus, Lifestyle and Genes, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Estrid Høgdall
- Department of Virus, Lifestyle and Genes, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Molecular Unit, Department of Pathology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bernard Peissel
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori (INT), Milan, Italy
| | - Bernardo Bonanni
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia (IEO), Milan, Italy
| | - Loris Bernard
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia (IEO), Milan, Italy and Cogentech Cancer Genetic Test Laboratory, Milan, Italy
| | - Ellen L Goode
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Robert A Vierkant
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Julie M Cunningham
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Melissa C Larson
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Zachary C Fogarty
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Kimberly R Kalli
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Dong Liang
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Texas Southern University, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Karen H Lu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Michelle A T Hildebrandt
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Xifeng Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Douglas A Levine
- Gynecology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Fanny Dao
- Gynecology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maria Bisogna
- Gynecology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrew Berchuck
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Edwin S Iversen
- Department of Statistical Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Marks
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Lucy Akushevich
- Cancer Prevention, Detection & Control Research Program, Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Daniel W Cramer
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Epidemiology Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joellen Schildkraut
- Cancer Prevention, Detection & Control Research Program, Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kathryn L Terry
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Epidemiology Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Poole
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Meir Stampfer
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School
| | - Shelley S Tworoger
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Elisa V Bandera
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Irene Orlow
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sara H Olson
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Line Bjorge
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Haukeland University Horpital, Bergen, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Helga B Salvesen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Haukeland University Horpital, Bergen, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anne M van Altena
- Radboud university medical center, Department of Gynaecology, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Katja K H Aben
- Radboud university medical centre, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organisation, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department of Obstetrcs & Gynecology, Oregon Health & Science University
| | - Lambertus A Kiemeney
- Radboud university medical centre, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Leon F A G Massuger
- Radboud university medical center, Department of Gynaecology, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Tanja Pejovic
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Yukie Bean
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Angela Brooks-Wilson
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC Canada
| | - Linda E Kelemen
- Department of Public Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, SC, USA
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, SC, USA
| | - Linda S Cook
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Nhu D Le
- Cancer Control Research, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Bohdan Górski
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jacek Gronwald
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Janusz Menkiszak
- Department of Gynecological Surgery and Gynecological Oncology of Adults and Adolescents, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Claus K Høgdall
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lene Lundvall
- Gyn Clinic, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lotte Nedergaard
- Department of Pathology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Ed Dicks
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research laboratory, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jonathan Tyrer
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research laboratory, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ian Campbell
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St Andrews Place, East Melbourne
| | - Iain McNeish
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow, UK
| | - James Paul
- The Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, 1053 Great Western Road, Glasgow, G12 0YN
| | - Nadeem Siddiqui
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Glasgow Royal Infirmary
| | | | - Alice S Whittemore
- Department of Health Research and Policy - Epidemiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford CA, USA
| | - Joseph H Rothstein
- Department of Health Research and Policy - Epidemiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford CA, USA
| | - Valerie McGuire
- Department of Health Research and Policy - Epidemiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford CA, USA
| | - Weiva Sieh
- Department of Health Research and Policy - Epidemiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford CA, USA
| | - Hui Cai
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Rachel T Teten
- Epidemiology Center, College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Rebecca Sutphen
- Epidemiology Center, College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | | | - Steven A Narod
- Women's College Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Catherine M Phelan
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Alvaro N Monteiro
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - David Fenstermacher
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Hui-Yi Lin
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jennifer B Permuth
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Thomas A Sellers
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Y Ann Chen
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Ya-Yu Tsai
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Zhihua Chen
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | | | - Simon A Gayther
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Susan J Ramus
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Usha Menon
- Women's Cancer, Institute for Women's Health, UCL, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anna H Wu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Celeste L Pearce
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - David Van Den Berg
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Malcolm C Pike
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Agnieszka Dansonka-Mieszkowska
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Diagnostics, The Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Plisiecka-Halasa
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Diagnostics, The Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Moes-Sosnowska
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Diagnostics, The Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jolanta Kupryjanczyk
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Diagnostics, The Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paul Dp Pharoah
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research laboratory, Cambridge, UK
| | - Honglin Song
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research laboratory, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ingrid Winship
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne Health, Australia
- The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria 3050, Australia
| | | | - Graham G Giles
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Doug F Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Laboratory, Worts Causeway, Cambridge, UK
| | - Roger L Milne
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Victoria, Australia
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Scarbrough PM, Weber RP, Iversen ES, Brhane Y, Amos CI, Kraft P, Hung RJ, Sellers TA, Witte JS, Pharoah P, Henderson BE, Gruber SB, Hunter DJ, Garber JE, Joshi AD, McDonnell K, Easton DF, Eeles R, Kote-Jarai Z, Muir K, Doherty JA, Schildkraut JM. A Cross-Cancer Genetic Association Analysis of the DNA Repair and DNA Damage Signaling Pathways for Lung, Ovary, Prostate, Breast, and Colorectal Cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2016; 25:193-200. [PMID: 26637267 PMCID: PMC4713268 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-15-0649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND DNA damage is an established mediator of carcinogenesis, although genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified few significant loci. This cross-cancer site, pooled analysis was performed to increase the power to detect common variants of DNA repair genes associated with cancer susceptibility. METHODS We conducted a cross-cancer analysis of 60,297 single nucleotide polymorphisms, at 229 DNA repair gene regions, using data from the NCI Genetic Associations and Mechanisms in Oncology (GAME-ON) Network. Our analysis included data from 32 GWAS and 48,734 controls and 51,537 cases across five cancer sites (breast, colon, lung, ovary, and prostate). Because of the unavailability of individual data, data were analyzed at the aggregate level. Meta-analysis was performed using the Association analysis for SubSETs (ASSET) software. To test for genetic associations that might escape individual variant testing due to small effect sizes, pathway analysis of eight DNA repair pathways was performed using hierarchical modeling. RESULTS We identified three susceptibility DNA repair genes, RAD51B (P < 5.09 × 10(-6)), MSH5 (P < 5.09 × 10(-6)), and BRCA2 (P = 5.70 × 10(-6)). Hierarchical modeling identified several pleiotropic associations with cancer risk in the base excision repair, nucleotide excision repair, mismatch repair, and homologous recombination pathways. CONCLUSIONS Only three susceptibility loci were identified, which had all been previously reported. In contrast, hierarchical modeling identified several pleiotropic cancer risk associations in key DNA repair pathways. IMPACT Results suggest that many common variants in DNA repair genes are likely associated with cancer susceptibility through small effect sizes that do not meet stringent significance testing criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter M Scarbrough
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina. Cancer Prevention, Detection, and Control Research Program, Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, North Carolina. Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Rachel Palmieri Weber
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina. Cancer Prevention, Detection, and Control Research Program, Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Edwin S Iversen
- Department of Statistical Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Yonathan Brhane
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Peter Kraft
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rayjean J Hung
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Thomas A Sellers
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - John S Witte
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Paul Pharoah
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom. Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Brian E Henderson
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California. Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Stephen B Gruber
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California. Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - David J Hunter
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Judy E Garber
- Cancer Risk and Prevention Clinic, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Amit D Joshi
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kevin McDonnell
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California. Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Doug F Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ros Eeles
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom. Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London and Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - Zsofia Kote-Jarai
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom. Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London and Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - Kenneth Muir
- Institute of Population Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom. Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | | | - Joellen M Schildkraut
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina. Cancer Prevention, Detection, and Control Research Program, Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, North Carolina. Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia.
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Seibold P, Schmezer P, Behrens S, Michailidou K, Bolla MK, Wang Q, Flesch-Janys D, Nevanlinna H, Fagerholm R, Aittomäki K, Blomqvist C, Margolin S, Mannermaa A, Kataja V, Kosma VM, Hartikainen JM, Lambrechts D, Wildiers H, Kristensen V, Alnæs GG, Nord S, Borresen-Dale AL, Hooning MJ, Hollestelle A, Jager A, Seynaeve C, Li J, Liu J, Humphreys K, Dunning AM, Rhenius V, Shah M, Kabisch M, Torres D, Ulmer HU, Hamann U, Schildkraut JM, Purrington KS, Couch FJ, Hall P, Pharoah P, Easton DF, Schmidt MK, Chang-Claude J, Popanda O. A polymorphism in the base excision repair gene PARP2 is associated with differential prognosis by chemotherapy among postmenopausal breast cancer patients. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:978. [PMID: 26674097 PMCID: PMC4682235 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1957-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Personalized therapy considering clinical and genetic patient characteristics will further improve breast cancer survival. Two widely used treatments, chemotherapy and radiotherapy, can induce oxidative DNA damage and, if not repaired, cell death. Since base excision repair (BER) activity is specific for oxidative DNA damage, we hypothesized that germline genetic variation in this pathway will affect breast cancer-specific survival depending on treatment. METHODS We assessed in 1,408 postmenopausal breast cancer patients from the German MARIE study whether cancer specific survival after adjuvant chemotherapy, anthracycline chemotherapy, and radiotherapy is modulated by 127 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in 21 BER genes. For SNPs with interaction terms showing p<0.1 (likelihood ratio test) using multivariable Cox proportional hazard analyses, replication in 6,392 patients from nine studies of the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC) was performed. RESULTS rs878156 in PARP2 showed a differential effect by chemotherapy (p=0.093) and was replicated in BCAC studies (p=0.009; combined analysis p=0.002). Compared to non-carriers, carriers of the variant G allele (minor allele frequency=0.07) showed better survival after chemotherapy (combined allelic hazard ratio (HR)=0.75, 95% 0.53-1.07) and poorer survival when not treated with chemotherapy (HR=1.42, 95% 1.08-1.85). A similar effect modification by rs878156 was observed for anthracycline-based chemotherapy in both MARIE and BCAC, with improved survival in carriers (combined allelic HR=0.73, 95% CI 0.40-1.32). None of the SNPs showed significant differential effects by radiotherapy. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest for the first time that a SNP in PARP2, rs878156, may together with other genetic variants modulate cancer specific survival in breast cancer patients depending on chemotherapy. These germline SNPs could contribute towards the design of predictive tests for breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Seibold
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Peter Schmezer
- Division of Epigenomics and Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69124, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Sabine Behrens
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Kyriaki Michailidou
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Manjeet K Bolla
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Dieter Flesch-Janys
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology/Clinical Cancer Registry, University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), Hamburg, Germany.
- Department of Medical Biometrics and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Heli Nevanlinna
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Rainer Fagerholm
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Kristiina Aittomäki
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Carl Blomqvist
- Department of Oncology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Sara Margolin
- Department of Oncology - Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Arto Mannermaa
- School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
- Cancer Center of Eastern Finland, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
- Imaging Center, Department of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Vesa Kataja
- School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
- Central Finland Health Care District, Jyväskylä Central Hospital, Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - Veli-Matti Kosma
- School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
- Cancer Center of Eastern Finland, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
- Imaging Center, Department of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Jaana M Hartikainen
- School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
- Cancer Center of Eastern Finland, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
- Imaging Center, Department of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Diether Lambrechts
- Vesalius Research Center (VRC), VIB, Leuven, Belgium.
- Department of Oncology, Laboratory for Translational Genetics, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Hans Wildiers
- Department of General Medical Oncology, Multidisciplinary Breast Center, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Vessela Kristensen
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway.
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, K.G. Jebsen Center for Breast Cancer Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo (UiO), Oslo, Norway.
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology (EpiGen), Akershus University Hospital, University of Oslo (UiO), Oslo, Norway.
| | - Grethe Grenaker Alnæs
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Silje Nord
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Anne-Lise Borresen-Dale
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway.
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, K.G. Jebsen Center for Breast Cancer Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo (UiO), Oslo, Norway.
| | - Maartje J Hooning
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Antoinette Hollestelle
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Agnes Jager
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Caroline Seynaeve
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Jingmei Li
- Human Genetics Division, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Human Genetics Division, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Keith Humphreys
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Alison M Dunning
- Department of Oncology, Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Valerie Rhenius
- Department of Oncology, Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Mitul Shah
- Department of Oncology, Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Maria Kabisch
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Diana Torres
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
- Institute of Human Genetics, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogota, Colombia.
| | | | - Ute Hamann
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Joellen M Schildkraut
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
| | - Kristen S Purrington
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine and Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan, USA.
| | - Fergus J Couch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Michigan, USA.
| | - Per Hall
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Paul Pharoah
- Department of Oncology, Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Doug F Easton
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Marjanka K Schmidt
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Odilia Popanda
- Division of Epigenomics and Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69124, Heidelberg, Germany.
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12
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Rudolph A, Milne RL, Truong T, Knight JA, Seibold P, Flesch-Janys D, Behrens S, Eilber U, Bolla MK, Wang Q, Dennis J, Dunning AM, Shah M, Munday HR, Darabi H, Eriksson M, Brand JS, Olson J, Vachon CM, Hallberg E, Castelao JE, Carracedo A, Torres M, Li J, Humphreys K, Cordina-Duverger E, Menegaux F, Flyger H, Nordestgaard BG, Nielsen SF, Yesilyurt BT, Floris G, Leunen K, Engelhardt EG, Broeks A, Rutgers EJ, Glendon G, Mulligan AM, Cross S, Reed M, Gonzalez-Neira A, Perez JIA, Provenzano E, Apicella C, Southey MC, Spurdle A, Investigators KC, Group AOCS, Häberle L, Beckmann MW, Ekici AB, Dieffenbach AK, Arndt V, Stegmaier C, McLean C, Baglietto L, Chanock SJ, Lissowska J, Sherman ME, Brüning T, Hamann U, Ko YD, Orr N, Schoemaker M, Ashworth A, Kosma VM, Kataja V, Hartikainen JM, Mannermaa A, Swerdlow A, Giles GG, Brenner H, Fasching PA, Chenevix-Trench G, Hopper J, Benítez J, Cox A, Andrulis IL, Lambrechts D, Gago-Dominguez M, Couch F, Czene K, Bojesen SE, Easton DF, Schmidt MK, Guénel P, Hall P, Pharoah PDP, Garcia-Closas M, Chang-Claude J. Investigation of gene-environment interactions between 47 newly identified breast cancer susceptibility loci and environmental risk factors. Int J Cancer 2015; 136:E685-96. [PMID: 25227710 PMCID: PMC4289418 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Revised: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A large genotyping project within the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC) recently identified 41 associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and overall breast cancer (BC) risk. We investigated whether the effects of these 41 SNPs, as well as six SNPs associated with estrogen receptor (ER) negative BC risk are modified by 13 environmental risk factors for BC. Data from 22 studies participating in BCAC were pooled, comprising up to 26,633 cases and 30,119 controls. Interactions between SNPs and environmental factors were evaluated using an empirical Bayes-type shrinkage estimator. Six SNPs showed interactions with associated p-values (pint ) <1.1 × 10(-3) . None of the observed interactions was significant after accounting for multiple testing. The Bayesian False Discovery Probability was used to rank the findings, which indicated three interactions as being noteworthy at 1% prior probability of interaction. SNP rs6828523 was associated with increased ER-negative BC risk in women ≥170 cm (OR = 1.22, p = 0.017), but inversely associated with ER-negative BC risk in women <160 cm (OR = 0.83, p = 0.039, pint = 1.9 × 10(-4) ). The inverse association between rs4808801 and overall BC risk was stronger for women who had had four or more pregnancies (OR = 0.85, p = 2.0 × 10(-4) ), and absent in women who had had just one (OR = 0.96, p = 0.19, pint = 6.1 × 10(-4) ). SNP rs11242675 was inversely associated with overall BC risk in never/former smokers (OR = 0.93, p = 2.8 × 10(-5) ), but no association was observed in current smokers (OR = 1.07, p = 0.14, pint = 3.4 × 10(-4) ). In conclusion, recently identified BC susceptibility loci are not strongly modified by established risk factors and the observed potential interactions require confirmation in independent studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Rudolph
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Roger L. Milne
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Thérèse Truong
- Inserm (National Institute of Health and Medical Research), CESP (Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health), U1018, Environmental Epidemiology of Cancer, Villejuif, France
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Scientifique (UMRS) 1018, University Paris-Sud, Villejuif, France
| | - Julia A. Knight
- Prosserman Centre for Health Research, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Epidemiology, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Petra Seibold
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dieter Flesch-Janys
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology/Clinical Cancer Registry, University Clinic Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute for Medical Biometrics and Epidemiology, University Clinic Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sabine Behrens
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ursula Eilber
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Manjeet K. Bolla
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Qin Wang
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Joe Dennis
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alison M. Dunning
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mitul Shah
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hannah R. Munday
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hatef Darabi
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mikael Eriksson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Judith S. Brand
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Janet Olson
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Celine M. Vachon
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Emily Hallberg
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - J. Esteban Castelao
- Oncology and Genetics Unit, Biomedical Research Institute of Vigo (IBIV), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, Servicio Galego de Saude (SERGAS), Vigo, Spain
| | - Angel Carracedo
- Genomic Medicine Group, Galician Foundation of Genomic Medicine, Servicio Galego de Saude (SERGAS), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- National Genotyping Center - Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, KSA
| | - Maria Torres
- National Genotyping Center - Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Jingmei Li
- Human Genetics Division, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Keith Humphreys
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emilie Cordina-Duverger
- Inserm (National Institute of Health and Medical Research), CESP (Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health), U1018, Environmental Epidemiology of Cancer, Villejuif, France
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Scientifique (UMRS) 1018, University Paris-Sud, Villejuif, France
| | - Florence Menegaux
- Inserm (National Institute of Health and Medical Research), CESP (Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health), U1018, Environmental Epidemiology of Cancer, Villejuif, France
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Scientifique (UMRS) 1018, University Paris-Sud, Villejuif, France
| | - Henrik Flyger
- Department of Breast Surgery, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Børge G. Nordestgaard
- Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sune F. Nielsen
- Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Giuseppe Floris
- Multidisciplinary Breast Center, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Karin Leunen
- Multidisciplinary Breast Center, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ellen G. Engelhardt
- Division of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annegien Broeks
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Emiel J. Rutgers
- Department of Surgery, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gord Glendon
- Ontario Cancer Genetics Network, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anna Marie Mulligan
- Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Simon Cross
- Academic Unit of Pathology, Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, UK
| | - Malcolm Reed
- Sheffield Cancer Research Centre, Department of Oncology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Anna Gonzalez-Neira
- Human Genotyping Unit-CEGEN, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Elena Provenzano
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Breast Unit, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Carmel Apicella
- Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Amanda Spurdle
- Department of Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - AOCS Group
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Lothar Häberle
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthias W. Beckmann
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arif B. Ekici
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Aida Karina Dieffenbach
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Volker Arndt
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Catriona McLean
- Anatomical Pathology, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Laura Baglietto
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Stephen J. Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jolanta Lissowska
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, M. Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center & Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mark E. Sherman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Thomas Brüning
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany
| | - Ute Hamann
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yon-Dschun Ko
- Department of Internal Medicine, Evangelische Kliniken Bonn gGmbH, Johanniter Krankenhaus, Bonn, Germany
| | - Nick Orr
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Minouk Schoemaker
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, UK
| | - Alan Ashworth
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Veli-Matti Kosma
- School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine and Cancer Center of Eastern Finland, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Imaging Center, Department of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Vesa Kataja
- School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oncology and Cancer Center of Eastern Finland, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Cancer Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Jyväskylä Central Hospital, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Jaana M. Hartikainen
- School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine and Cancer Center of Eastern Finland, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Imaging Center, Department of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Arto Mannermaa
- School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine and Cancer Center of Eastern Finland, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Imaging Center, Department of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anthony Swerdlow
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, UK
- Division of Breast Cancer Research, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, UK
| | - GENICA-Network
- The GENICA Network: Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, and University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine, Evangelische Kliniken Bonn gGmbH, Johanniter Krankenhaus, Bonn, Germany, Institute of Pathology, University of Bonn, Germany, Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, and Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany; Institute of Occupational Medicine and Maritime Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Graham G. Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter A. Fasching
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California at Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - John Hopper
- Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Javier Benítez
- Human Genetics Group, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Angela Cox
- Sheffield Cancer Research Centre, Department of Oncology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Irene L. Andrulis
- Ontario Cancer Genetics Network, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Manuela Gago-Dominguez
- Genomic Medicine Group, Galician Foundation of Genomic Medicine, Servicio Galego de Saude (SERGAS), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Fergus Couch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Kamila Czene
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stig E. Bojesen
- Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Doug F. Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Marjanka K. Schmidt
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pascal Guénel
- Inserm (National Institute of Health and Medical Research), CESP (Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health), U1018, Environmental Epidemiology of Cancer, Villejuif, France
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Scientifique (UMRS) 1018, University Paris-Sud, Villejuif, France
| | - Per Hall
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paul D. P. Pharoah
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Montserrat Garcia-Closas
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, UK
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, Division of Breast Cancer Research, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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Agarwal D, Pineda S, Michailidou K, Herranz J, Pita G, Moreno LT, Alonso MR, Dennis J, Wang Q, Bolla MK, Meyer KB, Menéndez-Rodríguez P, Hardisson D, Mendiola M, González-Neira A, Lindblom A, Margolin S, Swerdlow A, Ashworth A, Orr N, Jones M, Matsuo K, Ito H, Iwata H, Kondo N, Hartman M, Hui M, Lim WY, T-C Iau P, Sawyer E, Tomlinson I, Kerin M, Miller N, Kang D, Choi JY, Park SK, Noh DY, Hopper JL, Schmidt DF, Makalic E, Southey MC, Teo SH, Yip CH, Sivanandan K, Tay WT, Brauch H, Brüning T, Hamann U, Dunning AM, Shah M, Andrulis IL, Knight JA, Glendon G, Tchatchou S, Schmidt MK, Broeks A, Rosenberg EH, van't Veer LJ, Fasching PA, Renner SP, Ekici AB, Beckmann MW, Shen CY, Hsiung CN, Yu JC, Hou MF, Blot W, Cai Q, Wu AH, Tseng CC, Van Den Berg D, Stram DO, Cox A, Brock IW, Reed MWR, Muir K, Lophatananon A, Stewart-Brown S, Siriwanarangsan P, Zheng W, Deming-Halverson S, Shrubsole MJ, Long J, Shu XO, Lu W, Gao YT, Zhang B, Radice P, Peterlongo P, Manoukian S, Mariette F, Sangrajrang S, McKay J, Couch FJ, Toland AE, Yannoukakos D, Fletcher O, Johnson N, Silva IDS, Peto J, Marme F, Burwinkel B, Guénel P, Truong T, Sanchez M, Mulot C, Bojesen SE, Nordestgaard BG, Flyer H, Brenner H, Dieffenbach AK, Arndt V, Stegmaier C, Mannermaa A, Kataja V, Kosma VM, Hartikainen JM, Lambrechts D, Yesilyurt BT, Floris G, Leunen K, Chang-Claude J, Rudolph A, Seibold P, Flesch-Janys D, Wang X, Olson JE, Vachon C, Purrington K, Giles GG, Severi G, Baglietto L, Haiman CA, Henderson BE, Schumacher F, Le Marchand L, Simard J, Dumont M, Goldberg MS, Labrèche F, Winqvist R, Pylkäs K, Jukkola-Vuorinen A, Grip M, Devilee P, Tollenaar RAEM, Seynaeve C, García-Closas M, Chanock SJ, Lissowska J, Figueroa JD, Czene K, Eriksson M, Humphreys K, Darabi H, Hooning MJ, Kriege M, Collée JM, Tilanus-Linthorst M, Li J, Jakubowska A, Lubinski J, Jaworska-Bieniek K, Durda K, Nevanlinna H, Muranen TA, Aittomäki K, Blomqvist C, Bogdanova N, Dörk T, Hall P, Chenevix-Trench G, Easton DF, Pharoah PDP, Arias-Perez JI, Zamora P, Benítez J, Milne RL. FGF receptor genes and breast cancer susceptibility: results from the Breast Cancer Association Consortium. Br J Cancer 2014; 110:1088-100. [PMID: 24548884 PMCID: PMC3929867 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2013.769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Revised: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancies in women. Genome-wide association studies have identified FGFR2 as a breast cancer susceptibility gene. Common variation in other fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptors might also modify risk. We tested this hypothesis by studying genotyped single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and imputed SNPs in FGFR1, FGFR3, FGFR4 and FGFRL1 in the Breast Cancer Association Consortium. METHODS Data were combined from 49 studies, including 53 835 cases and 50 156 controls, of which 89 050 (46 450 cases and 42 600 controls) were of European ancestry, 12 893 (6269 cases and 6624 controls) of Asian and 2048 (1116 cases and 932 controls) of African ancestry. Associations with risk of breast cancer, overall and by disease sub-type, were assessed using unconditional logistic regression. RESULTS Little evidence of association with breast cancer risk was observed for SNPs in the FGF receptor genes. The strongest evidence in European women was for rs743682 in FGFR3; the estimated per-allele odds ratio was 1.05 (95% confidence interval=1.02-1.09, P=0.0020), which is substantially lower than that observed for SNPs in FGFR2. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that common variants in the other FGF receptors are not associated with risk of breast cancer to the degree observed for FGFR2.
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MESH Headings
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Case-Control Studies
- Female
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Genetic Variation
- Genome-Wide Association Study
- Genotype
- Humans
- Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1/genetics
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 2/genetics
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 3/genetics
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 4/genetics
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 5/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- D Agarwal
- Human Cancer Genetics Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - S Pineda
- Human Cancer Genetics Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - K Michailidou
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - J Herranz
- Human Cancer Genetics Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
- Biostatistics Unit, IMDEA Food Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - G Pita
- Human Genotyping-CEGEN Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - L T Moreno
- Human Genotyping-CEGEN Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - M R Alonso
- Human Genotyping-CEGEN Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - J Dennis
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Q Wang
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - M K Bolla
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - K B Meyer
- CRUK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - D Hardisson
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, IdiPAZ (Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research) Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Mendiola
- Laboratory of Pathology and Oncology, Research Unit, Hospital Universitario La Paz, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - A González-Neira
- Human Genotyping-CEGEN Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - A Lindblom
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S Margolin
- Department of Oncology—Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Swerdlow
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK
- Division of Breast Cancer Research, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - A Ashworth
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, Division of Breast Cancer Research, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - N Orr
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, Division of Breast Cancer Research, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - M Jones
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK
| | - K Matsuo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Kyushu University Faculty of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - H Ito
- Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - H Iwata
- Department of Breast Oncology, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - N Kondo
- Department of Breast Oncology, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - kConFab Investigators18
- Human Cancer Genetics Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Biostatistics Unit, IMDEA Food Institute, Madrid, Spain
- Human Genotyping-CEGEN Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
- CRUK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Hospital Monte Naranco, Oviedo, Spain
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, IdiPAZ (Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research) Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Laboratory of Pathology and Oncology, Research Unit, Hospital Universitario La Paz, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Oncology—Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK
- Division of Breast Cancer Research, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, Division of Breast Cancer Research, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Kyushu University Faculty of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
- Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Breast Oncology, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- QIMR Berghofer Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Research Oncology, Division of Cancer Studies, Kings College London Guy's Hospital, London, UK
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- School of Medicine, Clinical Science Institute, National University of Ireland, Galway, UK
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Cancer Research Initiatives Foundation, Sime Darby Medical Centre, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
- Breast Cancer Research Unit, University Malaya Cancer Research Institute, University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
- University of Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-University Bochum (IPA), Germany
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute for Occupational Medicine and Maritime Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty of the University of Bonn, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, Evangelische Kliniken Bonn GmbH, Johanniter Krankenhaus, Bonn, Germany
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Epidemiology, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Ontario Cancer Genetics Network, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California at Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichong, Taiwan
- Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN USA
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- CRUK/YCR Sheffield Cancer Research Centre, Department of Oncology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Institute of Population Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, Coventry, UK
- Ministry of Public Health, Bangkok, Thailand
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Shanghai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
- Unit of Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk and Genetic Testing, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori (INT), Milan, Italy
- IFOM, Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, Milan, Italy
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori (INT), Milan, Italy
- Cogentech Cancer Genetic Test Laboratory, Milan, Italy
- National Cancer Institute, Bangkok, Thailand
- Genetic Susceptibility Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, INRASTES, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Athens, Greece
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Molecular Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Inserm (National Institute of Health and Medical Research), CESP (Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health), U1018, Environmental Epidemiology of Cancer, Villejuif, France
- University Paris-Sud, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France
- Inserm (National Institute of Health and Medical Research), U775 Paris, France
- Centre de Ressources Biologiques EPIGENETEC, Paris, France
- Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Breast Surgery, Herlev University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- Saarland Cancer Registry, Saarbrücken, Germany
- School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Biocenter Kuopio, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oncology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Cancer Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Vesalius Research Center (VRC), VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Multidisciplinary Breast Center, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute for Medical Biometrics and Epidemiology, University Clinic Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology/Clinical Cancer Registry, University Clinic Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
- Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Quebec Research Center and Laval University, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, McGill University Health Centre, Royal Victoria Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Département de médecine sociale et préventive, Département de santé environnementale et santé au travail, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Oncology, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Surgery, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Oncology, Family Cancer Clinic, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research and Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, London, UK
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, M. Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center & Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Family Cancer Clinic, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Family Cancer Clinic, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Human Genetics Division, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Oncology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Servicio de Cirugía General y Especialidades, Hospital Monte Naranco, Oviedo, Spain
- Servicio de Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Australian Ovarian Cancer Study Group1819
- Human Cancer Genetics Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Biostatistics Unit, IMDEA Food Institute, Madrid, Spain
- Human Genotyping-CEGEN Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
- CRUK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Hospital Monte Naranco, Oviedo, Spain
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, IdiPAZ (Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research) Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Laboratory of Pathology and Oncology, Research Unit, Hospital Universitario La Paz, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Oncology—Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK
- Division of Breast Cancer Research, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, Division of Breast Cancer Research, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Kyushu University Faculty of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
- Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Breast Oncology, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- QIMR Berghofer Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Research Oncology, Division of Cancer Studies, Kings College London Guy's Hospital, London, UK
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- School of Medicine, Clinical Science Institute, National University of Ireland, Galway, UK
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Cancer Research Initiatives Foundation, Sime Darby Medical Centre, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
- Breast Cancer Research Unit, University Malaya Cancer Research Institute, University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
- University of Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-University Bochum (IPA), Germany
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute for Occupational Medicine and Maritime Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty of the University of Bonn, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, Evangelische Kliniken Bonn GmbH, Johanniter Krankenhaus, Bonn, Germany
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Epidemiology, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Ontario Cancer Genetics Network, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California at Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichong, Taiwan
- Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN USA
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- CRUK/YCR Sheffield Cancer Research Centre, Department of Oncology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Institute of Population Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, Coventry, UK
- Ministry of Public Health, Bangkok, Thailand
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Shanghai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
- Unit of Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk and Genetic Testing, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori (INT), Milan, Italy
- IFOM, Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, Milan, Italy
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori (INT), Milan, Italy
- Cogentech Cancer Genetic Test Laboratory, Milan, Italy
- National Cancer Institute, Bangkok, Thailand
- Genetic Susceptibility Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, INRASTES, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Athens, Greece
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Molecular Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Inserm (National Institute of Health and Medical Research), CESP (Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health), U1018, Environmental Epidemiology of Cancer, Villejuif, France
- University Paris-Sud, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France
- Inserm (National Institute of Health and Medical Research), U775 Paris, France
- Centre de Ressources Biologiques EPIGENETEC, Paris, France
- Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Breast Surgery, Herlev University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- Saarland Cancer Registry, Saarbrücken, Germany
- School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Biocenter Kuopio, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oncology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Cancer Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Vesalius Research Center (VRC), VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Multidisciplinary Breast Center, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute for Medical Biometrics and Epidemiology, University Clinic Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology/Clinical Cancer Registry, University Clinic Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
- Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Quebec Research Center and Laval University, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, McGill University Health Centre, Royal Victoria Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Département de médecine sociale et préventive, Département de santé environnementale et santé au travail, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Oncology, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Surgery, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Oncology, Family Cancer Clinic, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research and Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, London, UK
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, M. Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center & Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Family Cancer Clinic, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Family Cancer Clinic, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Human Genetics Division, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Oncology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Servicio de Cirugía General y Especialidades, Hospital Monte Naranco, Oviedo, Spain
- Servicio de Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Hartman
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - M Hui
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - W Y Lim
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - P T-C Iau
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - E Sawyer
- Research Oncology, Division of Cancer Studies, Kings College London Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - I Tomlinson
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - M Kerin
- School of Medicine, Clinical Science Institute, National University of Ireland, Galway, UK
| | - N Miller
- School of Medicine, Clinical Science Institute, National University of Ireland, Galway, UK
| | - D Kang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea
| | - J-Y Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea
| | - S K Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea
| | - D-Y Noh
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - J L Hopper
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - D F Schmidt
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - E Makalic
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - M C Southey
- Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - S H Teo
- Cancer Research Initiatives Foundation, Sime Darby Medical Centre, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
- Breast Cancer Research Unit, University Malaya Cancer Research Institute, University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - C H Yip
- Breast Cancer Research Unit, University Malaya Cancer Research Institute, University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - K Sivanandan
- Cancer Research Initiatives Foundation, Sime Darby Medical Centre, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - W-T Tay
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - H Brauch
- Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
- University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - T Brüning
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-University Bochum (IPA), Germany
| | - U Hamann
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - The GENICA Network35363738394041
- Human Cancer Genetics Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Biostatistics Unit, IMDEA Food Institute, Madrid, Spain
- Human Genotyping-CEGEN Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
- CRUK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Hospital Monte Naranco, Oviedo, Spain
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, IdiPAZ (Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research) Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Laboratory of Pathology and Oncology, Research Unit, Hospital Universitario La Paz, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Oncology—Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK
- Division of Breast Cancer Research, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, Division of Breast Cancer Research, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Kyushu University Faculty of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
- Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Breast Oncology, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- QIMR Berghofer Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Research Oncology, Division of Cancer Studies, Kings College London Guy's Hospital, London, UK
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- School of Medicine, Clinical Science Institute, National University of Ireland, Galway, UK
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Cancer Research Initiatives Foundation, Sime Darby Medical Centre, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
- Breast Cancer Research Unit, University Malaya Cancer Research Institute, University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
- University of Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-University Bochum (IPA), Germany
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute for Occupational Medicine and Maritime Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty of the University of Bonn, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, Evangelische Kliniken Bonn GmbH, Johanniter Krankenhaus, Bonn, Germany
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Epidemiology, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Ontario Cancer Genetics Network, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California at Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichong, Taiwan
- Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN USA
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- CRUK/YCR Sheffield Cancer Research Centre, Department of Oncology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Institute of Population Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, Coventry, UK
- Ministry of Public Health, Bangkok, Thailand
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Shanghai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
- Unit of Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk and Genetic Testing, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori (INT), Milan, Italy
- IFOM, Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, Milan, Italy
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori (INT), Milan, Italy
- Cogentech Cancer Genetic Test Laboratory, Milan, Italy
- National Cancer Institute, Bangkok, Thailand
- Genetic Susceptibility Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, INRASTES, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Athens, Greece
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Molecular Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Inserm (National Institute of Health and Medical Research), CESP (Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health), U1018, Environmental Epidemiology of Cancer, Villejuif, France
- University Paris-Sud, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France
- Inserm (National Institute of Health and Medical Research), U775 Paris, France
- Centre de Ressources Biologiques EPIGENETEC, Paris, France
- Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Breast Surgery, Herlev University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- Saarland Cancer Registry, Saarbrücken, Germany
- School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Biocenter Kuopio, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oncology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Cancer Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Vesalius Research Center (VRC), VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Multidisciplinary Breast Center, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute for Medical Biometrics and Epidemiology, University Clinic Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology/Clinical Cancer Registry, University Clinic Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
- Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Quebec Research Center and Laval University, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, McGill University Health Centre, Royal Victoria Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Département de médecine sociale et préventive, Département de santé environnementale et santé au travail, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Oncology, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Surgery, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Oncology, Family Cancer Clinic, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research and Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, London, UK
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, M. Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center & Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Family Cancer Clinic, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Family Cancer Clinic, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Human Genetics Division, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Oncology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Servicio de Cirugía General y Especialidades, Hospital Monte Naranco, Oviedo, Spain
- Servicio de Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - A M Dunning
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - M Shah
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - I L Andrulis
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - J A Knight
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Epidemiology, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - G Glendon
- Ontario Cancer Genetics Network, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - S Tchatchou
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - M K Schmidt
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A Broeks
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E H Rosenberg
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - L J van't Veer
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P A Fasching
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California at Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - S P Renner
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
| | - A B Ekici
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - M W Beckmann
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
| | - C-Y Shen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichong, Taiwan
| | - C-N Hsiung
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - J-C Yu
- Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - M-F Hou
- Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - W Blot
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Q Cai
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN USA
| | - A H Wu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - C-C Tseng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - D Van Den Berg
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - D O Stram
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - A Cox
- CRUK/YCR Sheffield Cancer Research Centre, Department of Oncology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - I W Brock
- CRUK/YCR Sheffield Cancer Research Centre, Department of Oncology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - M W R Reed
- CRUK/YCR Sheffield Cancer Research Centre, Department of Oncology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - K Muir
- Institute of Population Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, Coventry, UK
| | - A Lophatananon
- Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, Coventry, UK
| | - S Stewart-Brown
- Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, Coventry, UK
| | | | - W Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - S Deming-Halverson
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - M J Shrubsole
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - J Long
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - X-O Shu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - W Lu
- Shanghai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Y-T Gao
- Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - B Zhang
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - P Radice
- Unit of Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk and Genetic Testing, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori (INT), Milan, Italy
| | - P Peterlongo
- IFOM, Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, Milan, Italy
| | - S Manoukian
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori (INT), Milan, Italy
| | - F Mariette
- IFOM, Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, Milan, Italy
- Cogentech Cancer Genetic Test Laboratory, Milan, Italy
| | | | - J McKay
- Genetic Susceptibility Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - F J Couch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - A E Toland
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - TNBCC73
- Human Cancer Genetics Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Biostatistics Unit, IMDEA Food Institute, Madrid, Spain
- Human Genotyping-CEGEN Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
- CRUK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Hospital Monte Naranco, Oviedo, Spain
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, IdiPAZ (Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research) Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Laboratory of Pathology and Oncology, Research Unit, Hospital Universitario La Paz, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Oncology—Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK
- Division of Breast Cancer Research, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, Division of Breast Cancer Research, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Kyushu University Faculty of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
- Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Breast Oncology, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- QIMR Berghofer Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Research Oncology, Division of Cancer Studies, Kings College London Guy's Hospital, London, UK
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- School of Medicine, Clinical Science Institute, National University of Ireland, Galway, UK
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Cancer Research Initiatives Foundation, Sime Darby Medical Centre, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
- Breast Cancer Research Unit, University Malaya Cancer Research Institute, University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
- University of Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-University Bochum (IPA), Germany
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute for Occupational Medicine and Maritime Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty of the University of Bonn, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, Evangelische Kliniken Bonn GmbH, Johanniter Krankenhaus, Bonn, Germany
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Epidemiology, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Ontario Cancer Genetics Network, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California at Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichong, Taiwan
- Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN USA
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- CRUK/YCR Sheffield Cancer Research Centre, Department of Oncology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Institute of Population Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, Coventry, UK
- Ministry of Public Health, Bangkok, Thailand
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Shanghai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
- Unit of Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk and Genetic Testing, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori (INT), Milan, Italy
- IFOM, Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, Milan, Italy
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori (INT), Milan, Italy
- Cogentech Cancer Genetic Test Laboratory, Milan, Italy
- National Cancer Institute, Bangkok, Thailand
- Genetic Susceptibility Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, INRASTES, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Athens, Greece
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Molecular Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Inserm (National Institute of Health and Medical Research), CESP (Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health), U1018, Environmental Epidemiology of Cancer, Villejuif, France
- University Paris-Sud, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France
- Inserm (National Institute of Health and Medical Research), U775 Paris, France
- Centre de Ressources Biologiques EPIGENETEC, Paris, France
- Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Breast Surgery, Herlev University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- Saarland Cancer Registry, Saarbrücken, Germany
- School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Biocenter Kuopio, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oncology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Cancer Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Vesalius Research Center (VRC), VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Multidisciplinary Breast Center, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute for Medical Biometrics and Epidemiology, University Clinic Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology/Clinical Cancer Registry, University Clinic Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
- Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Quebec Research Center and Laval University, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, McGill University Health Centre, Royal Victoria Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Département de médecine sociale et préventive, Département de santé environnementale et santé au travail, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Oncology, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Surgery, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Oncology, Family Cancer Clinic, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research and Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, London, UK
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, M. Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center & Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Family Cancer Clinic, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Family Cancer Clinic, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Human Genetics Division, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Oncology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Servicio de Cirugía General y Especialidades, Hospital Monte Naranco, Oviedo, Spain
- Servicio de Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - D Yannoukakos
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, INRASTES, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Athens, Greece
| | - O Fletcher
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - N Johnson
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | | | - J Peto
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - F Marme
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - B Burwinkel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Molecular Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P Guénel
- Inserm (National Institute of Health and Medical Research), CESP (Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health), U1018, Environmental Epidemiology of Cancer, Villejuif, France
- University Paris-Sud, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France
| | - T Truong
- Inserm (National Institute of Health and Medical Research), CESP (Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health), U1018, Environmental Epidemiology of Cancer, Villejuif, France
- University Paris-Sud, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France
| | - M Sanchez
- Inserm (National Institute of Health and Medical Research), CESP (Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health), U1018, Environmental Epidemiology of Cancer, Villejuif, France
- University Paris-Sud, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France
| | - C Mulot
- Inserm (National Institute of Health and Medical Research), U775 Paris, France
- Centre de Ressources Biologiques EPIGENETEC, Paris, France
| | - S E Bojesen
- Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - B G Nordestgaard
- Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - H Flyer
- Department of Breast Surgery, Herlev University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - H Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A K Dieffenbach
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - V Arndt
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C Stegmaier
- Saarland Cancer Registry, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - A Mannermaa
- School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Biocenter Kuopio, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - V Kataja
- Biocenter Kuopio, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oncology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Cancer Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - V-M Kosma
- School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Biocenter Kuopio, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - J M Hartikainen
- School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Biocenter Kuopio, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - D Lambrechts
- Vesalius Research Center (VRC), VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - B T Yesilyurt
- Vesalius Research Center (VRC), VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - G Floris
- Multidisciplinary Breast Center, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
| | - K Leunen
- Multidisciplinary Breast Center, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
| | - J Chang-Claude
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Rudolph
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P Seibold
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - D Flesch-Janys
- Institute for Medical Biometrics and Epidemiology, University Clinic Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology/Clinical Cancer Registry, University Clinic Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - X Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - J E Olson
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - C Vachon
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - K Purrington
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - G G Giles
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
| | - G Severi
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
| | - L Baglietto
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
| | - C A Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - B E Henderson
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - F Schumacher
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - L Le Marchand
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - J Simard
- Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Quebec Research Center and Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | - M Dumont
- Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Quebec Research Center and Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | - M S Goldberg
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, McGill University Health Centre, Royal Victoria Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - F Labrèche
- Département de médecine sociale et préventive, Département de santé environnementale et santé au travail, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - R Winqvist
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - K Pylkäs
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - A Jukkola-Vuorinen
- Department of Oncology, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - M Grip
- Department of Surgery, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - P Devilee
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - R A E M Tollenaar
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - C Seynaeve
- Department of Medical Oncology, Family Cancer Clinic, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M García-Closas
- Division of Breast Cancer Research, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research and Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, London, UK
| | - S J Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - J Lissowska
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, M. Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center & Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - J D Figueroa
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - K Czene
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Eriksson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - K Humphreys
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - H Darabi
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M J Hooning
- Department of Medical Oncology, Family Cancer Clinic, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Kriege
- Department of Medical Oncology, Family Cancer Clinic, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J M Collée
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Family Cancer Clinic, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Tilanus-Linthorst
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Family Cancer Clinic, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J Li
- Human Genetics Division, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - A Jakubowska
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - J Lubinski
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - K Jaworska-Bieniek
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - K Durda
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - H Nevanlinna
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - T A Muranen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - K Aittomäki
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - C Blomqvist
- Department of Oncology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - N Bogdanova
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - T Dörk
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - P Hall
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - G Chenevix-Trench
- QIMR Berghofer Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - D F Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - P D P Pharoah
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - J I Arias-Perez
- Servicio de Cirugía General y Especialidades, Hospital Monte Naranco, Oviedo, Spain
| | - P Zamora
- Servicio de Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Benítez
- Human Cancer Genetics Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
- Human Genotyping-CEGEN Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - R L Milne
- Human Cancer Genetics Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
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14
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Killick E, Tymrakiewicz M, Cieza-Borrella C, Smith P, Thompson DJ, Pooley KA, Easton DF, Bancroft E, Page E, Leongamornlert D, Kote-Jarai Z, Eeles RA. Telomere length shows no association with BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation status. PLoS One 2014; 9:e86659. [PMID: 24489760 PMCID: PMC3906069 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine whether telomere length (TL) is a marker of cancer risk or genetic status amongst two cohorts of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers and controls. The first group was a prospective set of 665 male BRCA1/2 mutation carriers and controls (mean age 53 years), all healthy at time of enrollment and blood donation, 21 of whom have developed prostate cancer whilst on study. The second group consisted of 283 female BRCA1/2 mutation carriers and controls (mean age 48 years), half of whom had been diagnosed with breast cancer prior to enrollment. TL was quantified by qPCR from DNA extracted from peripheral blood lymphocytes. Weighted and unweighted Cox regressions and linear regression analyses were used to assess whether TL was associated with BRCA1/2 mutation status or cancer risk. We found no evidence for association between developing cancer or being a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation carrier and telomere length. It is the first study investigating TL in a cohort of genetically predisposed males and although TL and BRCA status was previously studied in females our results don't support the previous finding of association between hereditary breast cancer and shorter TL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Killick
- Division of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Oncogentics, Institute of Cancer Research, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Paula Smith
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Deborah J. Thompson
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Karen A. Pooley
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Doug F. Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Bancroft
- Cancer Genetics, Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Page
- Oncogentics, Institute of Cancer Research, Surrey, United Kingdom
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15
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Lee AJ, Cunningham AP, Kuchenbaecker KB, Mavaddat N, Easton DF, Antoniou AC. BOADICEA breast cancer risk prediction model: updates to cancer incidences, tumour pathology and web interface. Br J Cancer 2014; 110:535-45. [PMID: 24346285 PMCID: PMC3899766 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2013.730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Revised: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Breast and Ovarian Analysis of Disease Incidence and Carrier Estimation Algorithm (BOADICEA) is a risk prediction model that is used to compute probabilities of carrying mutations in the high-risk breast and ovarian cancer susceptibility genes BRCA1 and BRCA2, and to estimate the future risks of developing breast or ovarian cancer. In this paper, we describe updates to the BOADICEA model that extend its capabilities, make it easier to use in a clinical setting and yield more accurate predictions. METHODS We describe: (1) updates to the statistical model to include cancer incidences from multiple populations; (2) updates to the distributions of tumour pathology characteristics using new data on BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers and women with breast cancer from the general population; (3) improvements to the computational efficiency of the algorithm so that risk calculations now run substantially faster; and (4) updates to the model's web interface to accommodate these new features and to make it easier to use in a clinical setting. RESULTS We present results derived using the updated model, and demonstrate that the changes have a significant impact on risk predictions. CONCLUSION All updates have been implemented in a new version of the BOADICEA web interface that is now available for general use: http://ccge.medschl.cam.ac.uk/boadicea/.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Lee
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - A P Cunningham
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - K B Kuchenbaecker
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - N Mavaddat
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - D F Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - A C Antoniou
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - The Consortium of Investigators of Modifiers of BRCA1/21
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - The Breast Cancer Association Consortium1
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
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16
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Nickels S, Truong T, Hein R, Stevens K, Buck K, Behrens S, Eilber U, Schmidt M, Häberle L, Vrieling A, Gaudet M, Figueroa J, Schoof N, Spurdle AB, Rudolph A, Fasching PA, Hopper JL, Makalic E, Schmidt DF, Southey MC, Beckmann MW, Ekici AB, Fletcher O, Gibson L, dos Santos Silva I, Peto J, Humphreys MK, Wang J, Cordina-Duverger E, Menegaux F, Nordestgaard BG, Bojesen SE, Lanng C, Anton-Culver H, Ziogas A, Bernstein L, Clarke CA, Brenner H, Müller H, Arndt V, Stegmaier C, Brauch H, Brüning T, Harth V, The GENICA Network, Mannermaa A, Kataja V, Kosma VM, Hartikainen JM, kConFab, Group AOCSM, Lambrechts D, Smeets D, Neven P, Paridaens R, Flesch-Janys D, Obi N, Wang-Gohrke S, Couch FJ, Olson JE, Vachon CM, Giles GG, Severi G, Baglietto L, Offit K, John EM, Miron A, Andrulis IL, Knight JA, Glendon G, Mulligan AM, Chanock SJ, Lissowska J, Liu J, Cox A, Cramp H, Connley D, Balasubramanian S, Dunning AM, Shah M, Trentham-Dietz A, Newcomb P, Titus L, Egan K, Cahoon EK, Rajaraman P, Sigurdson AJ, Doody MM, Guénel P, Pharoah PDP, Schmidt MK, Hall P, Easton DF, Garcia-Closas M, Milne RL, Chang-Claude J. Evidence of gene-environment interactions between common breast cancer susceptibility loci and established environmental risk factors. PLoS Genet 2013; 9:e1003284. [PMID: 23544014 PMCID: PMC3609648 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1003284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Accepted: 12/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Various common genetic susceptibility loci have been identified for breast cancer; however, it is unclear how they combine with lifestyle/environmental risk factors to influence risk. We undertook an international collaborative study to assess gene-environment interaction for risk of breast cancer. Data from 24 studies of the Breast Cancer Association Consortium were pooled. Using up to 34,793 invasive breast cancers and 41,099 controls, we examined whether the relative risks associated with 23 single nucleotide polymorphisms were modified by 10 established environmental risk factors (age at menarche, parity, breastfeeding, body mass index, height, oral contraceptive use, menopausal hormone therapy use, alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking, physical activity) in women of European ancestry. We used logistic regression models stratified by study and adjusted for age and performed likelihood ratio tests to assess gene-environment interactions. All statistical tests were two-sided. We replicated previously reported potential interactions between LSP1-rs3817198 and parity (Pinteraction = 2.4 × 10(-6)) and between CASP8-rs17468277 and alcohol consumption (Pinteraction = 3.1 × 10(-4)). Overall, the per-allele odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for LSP1-rs3817198 was 1.08 (1.01-1.16) in nulliparous women and ranged from 1.03 (0.96-1.10) in parous women with one birth to 1.26 (1.16-1.37) in women with at least four births. For CASP8-rs17468277, the per-allele OR was 0.91 (0.85-0.98) in those with an alcohol intake of <20 g/day and 1.45 (1.14-1.85) in those who drank ≥ 20 g/day. Additionally, interaction was found between 1p11.2-rs11249433 and ever being parous (Pinteraction = 5.3 × 10(-5)), with a per-allele OR of 1.14 (1.11-1.17) in parous women and 0.98 (0.92-1.05) in nulliparous women. These data provide first strong evidence that the risk of breast cancer associated with some common genetic variants may vary with environmental risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Nickels
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thérèse Truong
- Inserm (National Institute of Health and Medical Research), CESP (Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health), U1018, Environmental Epidemiology of Cancer, Villejuif, France
| | - Rebecca Hein
- PMV Research Group at the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Kristen Stevens
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Katharina Buck
- Department of Preventive Oncology, National Center of Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sabine Behrens
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ursula Eilber
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martina Schmidt
- Unit of Environmental Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lothar Häberle
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alina Vrieling
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department for Health Evidence, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mia Gaudet
- Epidemiology Research Program, Division of Cancer Epidemiology, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Jonine Figueroa
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Nils Schoof
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Amanda B. Spurdle
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Anja Rudolph
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter A. Fasching
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - John L. Hopper
- Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Enes Makalic
- Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Daniel F. Schmidt
- Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Matthias W. Beckmann
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arif B. Ekici
- Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Olivia Fletcher
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lorna Gibson
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Julian Peto
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Manjeet K. Humphreys
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jean Wang
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Emilie Cordina-Duverger
- Inserm (National Institute of Health and Medical Research), CESP (Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health), U1018, Environmental Epidemiology of Cancer, Villejuif, France
| | - Florence Menegaux
- Inserm (National Institute of Health and Medical Research), CESP (Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health), U1018, Environmental Epidemiology of Cancer, Villejuif, France
| | - Børge G. Nordestgaard
- Copenhagen General Population Study and Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stig E. Bojesen
- Copenhagen General Population Study and Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Lanng
- Department of Breast Surgery, Herlev University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hoda Anton-Culver
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Argyrios Ziogas
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Leslie Bernstein
- Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - Christina A. Clarke
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, California, United States of America
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Ageing Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Heiko Müller
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Ageing Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Volker Arndt
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Ageing Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Hiltrud Brauch
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
- University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Brüning
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany
| | - Volker Harth
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic of Occupational Medicine, Saarland University Medical Center and Saarland University Faculty of Medicine, Homburg, Germany
- Institute for Occupational Medicine and Maritime Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - The GENICA Network
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
- University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic of Occupational Medicine, Saarland University Medical Center and Saarland University Faculty of Medicine, Homburg, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, Evangelische Kliniken Bonn gGmbH, Johanniter Krankenhaus, Bonn, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Arto Mannermaa
- School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Biocenter Kuopio, Cancer Center of Eastern Finland, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Vesa Kataja
- Biocenter Kuopio, Cancer Center of Eastern Finland, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Oncology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Veli-Matti Kosma
- School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Biocenter Kuopio, Cancer Center of Eastern Finland, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jaana M. Hartikainen
- School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Biocenter Kuopio, Cancer Center of Eastern Finland, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - kConFab
- The Kathleen Cuningham Foundation for Resesarch into Familial Breast Cancer (kConFab), Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Australia
| | - AOCS Management Group
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Herston, Queensland, Australia
- The Kathleen Cuningham Foundation for Resesarch into Familial Breast Cancer (kConFab), Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Australia
| | | | | | - Patrick Neven
- Multidisciplinary Breast Center, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Robert Paridaens
- Multidisciplinary Breast Center, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dieter Flesch-Janys
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology/Clinical Cancer Registry and Institute for Medical Biometrics and Epidemiology, University Clinic Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nadia Obi
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology/Clinical Cancer Registry and Institute for Medical Biometrics and Epidemiology, University Clinic Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Shan Wang-Gohrke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Fergus J. Couch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Janet E. Olson
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Celine M. Vachon
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Graham G. Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, The Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic, and Analytic Epidemiology, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Gianluca Severi
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, The Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic, and Analytic Epidemiology, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Laura Baglietto
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, The Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic, and Analytic Epidemiology, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kenneth Offit
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Esther M. John
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, California, United States of America
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Alexander Miron
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Irene L. Andrulis
- Ontario Cancer Genetics Network, Fred A. Litwin Center for Cancer Genetics, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Julia A. Knight
- Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- Division of Epidemiology, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Gord Glendon
- Ontario Cancer Genetics Network, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Anna Marie Mulligan
- Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Stephen J. Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jolanta Lissowska
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, M. Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Angela Cox
- Institute for Cancer Studies, Department of Oncology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Cramp
- Institute for Cancer Studies, Department of Oncology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Dan Connley
- Institute for Cancer Studies, Department of Oncology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Sabapathy Balasubramanian
- Academic Unit of Surgical Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Alison M. Dunning
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Mitul Shah
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Amy Trentham-Dietz
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Polly Newcomb
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Linda Titus
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Dartmouth Medical School, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - Kathleen Egan
- Division of Population Sciences, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth K. Cahoon
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Preetha Rajaraman
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Alice J. Sigurdson
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Michele M. Doody
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Pascal Guénel
- Inserm (National Institute of Health and Medical Research), CESP (Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health), U1018, Environmental Epidemiology of Cancer, Villejuif, France
| | - Paul D. P. Pharoah
- Department of Oncology and Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Marjanka K. Schmidt
- Division of Molecular Pathology and Division of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Per Hall
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Doug F. Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Montserrat Garcia-Closas
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
- Sections of Epidemiology and Genetics, Institute of Cancer Research and Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Roger L. Milne
- Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Group, Human Cancer Genetics Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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Bernatsky S, Easton DF, Dunning A, Michailidou K, Ramsey-Goldman R, Gordon C, Clarke AE, Foulkes W. Decreased breast cancer risk in systemic lupus erythematosus: the search for a genetic basis continues. Lupus 2012; 21:896-9. [PMID: 22495874 DOI: 10.1177/0961203312443992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Recent work has demonstrated an important decrease in breast cancers for women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The reason behind this phenomenon is unknown. Our purpose was to explore whether the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) predisposing to SLE might be protective against breast cancer (in women in the general population). METHODS We focused on loci relevant to 10 SNPs associated with SLE (with a p value of <10(-9)). We determined whether we could establish a decreased frequency of these SNPs in breast cancer cases versus controls, within the general population. To do this we used a large breast cancer genome-wide association study (GWAS) dataset, involving 3,659 breast cancer cases and 4,897 controls. These subjects were all primarily of European ancestry. RESULTS The population-based GWAS breast cancer data we examined suggested little evidence for important associations between breast cancer and SLE-related SNPs. Within the general population GWAS data, a cytosine(C) nucleotide substitution at rs9888739 (on chromosome 16p11.2) showed a very weak inverse association with breast cancer. The odds ratio (OR) for the rs9888739-C allele was 0.907551 (p value 0.049899) in the GWAS breast cancer sample, compared to controls. There was a slightly stronger, positive, association with breast cancer for rs6445975-G (Guanine) on chromosome 3p14.3, with a breast cancer OR of 1.0911 (p value 0.0097). CONCLUSIONS Within this large breast cancer dataset, we did not demonstrate important associations with 10 lupus-associated SNPs. If decreased breast cancer risk in SLE is influenced by genetic profiles, this may be due to complex interactions and/or epigenetic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bernatsky
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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Jakubowska A, Rozkrut D, Antoniou A, Hamann U, Scott RJ, McGuffog L, Healy S, Sinilnikova OM, Rennert G, Lejbkowicz F, Flugelman A, Andrulis IL, Glendon G, Ozcelik H, Thomassen M, Paligo M, Aretini P, Kantala J, Aroer B, von Wachenfeldt A, Liljegren A, Loman N, Herbst K, Kristoffersson U, Rosenquist R, Karlsson P, Stenmark-Askmalm M, Melin B, Nathanson KL, Domchek SM, Byrski T, Huzarski T, Gronwald J, Menkiszak J, Cybulski C, Serrano P, Osorio A, Cajal TR, Tsitlaidou M, Benítez J, Gilbert M, Rookus M, Aalfs CM, Kluijt I, Boessenkool-Pape JL, Meijers-Heijboer HEJ, Oosterwijk JC, van Asperen CJ, Blok MJ, Nelen MR, van den Ouweland AMW, Seynaeve C, van der Luijt RB, Devilee P, Easton DF, Peock S, Frost D, Platte R, Ellis SD, Fineberg E, Evans DG, Lalloo F, Eeles R, Jacobs C, Adlard J, Davidson R, Eccles D, Cole T, Cook J, Godwin A, Bove B, Stoppa-Lyonnet D, Caux-Moncoutier V, Belotti M, Tirapo C, Mazoyer S, Barjhoux L, Boutry-Kryza N, Pujol P, Coupier I, Peyrat JP, Vennin P, Muller D, Fricker JP, Venat-Bouvet L, Johannsson OT, Isaacs C, Schmutzler R, Wappenschmidt B, Meindl A, Arnold N, Varon-Mateeva R, Niederacher D, Sutter C, Deissler H, Preisler-Adams S, Simard J, Soucy P, Durocher F, Chenevix-Trench G, Beesley J, Chen X, Rebbeck T, Couch F, Wang X, Lindor N, Fredericksen Z, Pankratz VS, Peterlongo P, Bonanni B, Fortuzzi S, Peissel B, Szabo C, Mai PL, Loud JT, Lubinski J. Association of PHB 1630 C>T and MTHFR 677 C>T polymorphisms with breast and ovarian cancer risk in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers: results from a multicenter study. Br J Cancer 2012; 106:2016-24. [PMID: 22669161 PMCID: PMC3388557 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2012.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2011] [Revised: 03/18/2012] [Accepted: 03/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The variable penetrance of breast cancer in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers suggests that other genetic or environmental factors modify breast cancer risk. Two genes of special interest are prohibitin (PHB) and methylene-tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), both of which are important either directly or indirectly in maintaining genomic integrity. METHODS To evaluate the potential role of genetic variants within PHB and MTHFR in breast and ovarian cancer risk, 4102 BRCA1 and 2093 BRCA2 mutation carriers, and 6211 BRCA1 and 2902 BRCA2 carriers from the Consortium of Investigators of Modifiers of BRCA1 and BRCA2 (CIMBA) were genotyped for the PHB 1630 C>T (rs6917) polymorphism and the MTHFR 677 C>T (rs1801133) polymorphism, respectively. RESULTS There was no evidence of association between the PHB 1630 C>T and MTHFR 677 C>T polymorphisms with either disease for BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation carriers when breast and ovarian cancer associations were evaluated separately. Analysis that evaluated associations for breast and ovarian cancer simultaneously showed some evidence that BRCA1 mutation carriers who had the rare homozygote genotype (TT) of the PHB 1630 C>T polymorphism were at increased risk of both breast and ovarian cancer (HR 1.50, 95%CI 1.10-2.04 and HR 2.16, 95%CI 1.24-3.76, respectively). However, there was no evidence of association under a multiplicative model for the effect of each minor allele. CONCLUSION The PHB 1630TT genotype may modify breast and ovarian cancer risks in BRCA1 mutation carriers. This association need to be evaluated in larger series of BRCA1 mutation carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Jakubowska
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland.
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O’Mara T, Duffy D, Thompson DJ, Ahmed S, Ferguson K, Healey CS, Montgomery G, Shah M, Morrison J, Pharoah PP, Dunning AM, Webb PM, Easton DF, Spurdle AB. A genome-wide association study to identify genetic markers associated with endometrial cancer grade. Hered Cancer Clin Pract 2012. [PMCID: PMC3327233 DOI: 10.1186/1897-4287-10-s2-a47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Phillips KA, Milne RL, Rookus MA, Goldgar D, Friedlander M, McLachlan SA, Buys S, Antoniou AC, Birch K, Terry MB, Easton DF, Weideman P, Daly M, Andrieu N, John EM, Hooning MJ, Andrulis IL, Caldes T, Olsson H, Hopper JL. Association of tamoxifen use and reduced risk of contralateral breast cancer for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers. Hered Cancer Clin Pract 2012. [PMCID: PMC3395384 DOI: 10.1186/1897-4287-10-s2-a11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Reiman A, Srinivasan V, Barone G, Last JI, Wootton LL, Davies EG, Verhagen MM, Willemsen MA, Weemaes CM, Byrd PJ, Izatt L, Easton DF, Thompson DJ, Taylor AM. Lymphoid tumours and breast cancer in ataxia telangiectasia; substantial protective effect of residual ATM kinase activity against childhood tumours. Br J Cancer 2011; 105:586-91. [PMID: 21792198 PMCID: PMC3170966 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2011.266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Immunodeficiency in ataxia telangiectasia (A-T) is less severe in patients expressing some mutant or normal ATM kinase activity. We, therefore, determined whether expression of residual ATM kinase activity also protected against tumour development in A-T. Methods: From a total of 296 consecutive genetically confirmed A-T patients from the British Isles and the Netherlands, we identified 66 patients who developed a malignant tumour; 47 lymphoid tumours and 19 non-lymphoid tumours were diagnosed. We determined their ATM mutations, and whether cells from these patients expressed any ATM with residual ATM kinase activity. Results: In childhood, total absence of ATM kinase activity was associated, almost exclusively, with development of lymphoid tumours. There was an overwhelming preponderance of tumours in patients <16 years without kinase activity compared with those with some residual activity, consistent with a substantial protective effect of residual ATM kinase activity against tumour development in childhood. In addition, the presence of eight breast cancers in A-T patients, a 30-fold increased risk, establishes breast cancer as part of the A-T phenotype. Conclusion: Overall, a spectrum of tumour types is associated with A-T, consistent with involvement of ATM in different mechanisms of tumour formation. Tumour type was influenced by ATM allelic heterogeneity, residual ATM kinase activity and age.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Reiman
- School of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Vincent Drive, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
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Kote-Jarai Z, Amin Al Olama A, Leongamornlert D, Tymrakiewicz M, Saunders E, Guy M, Giles GG, Severi G, Southey M, Hopper JL, Sit KC, Harris JM, Batra J, Spurdle AB, Clements JA, Hamdy F, Neal D, Donovan J, Muir K, Pharoah PDP, Chanock SJ, Brown N, Benlloch S, Castro E, Mahmud N, O'Brien L, Hall A, Sawyer E, Wilkinson R, Easton DF, Eeles RA. Identification of a novel prostate cancer susceptibility variant in the KLK3 gene transcript. Hum Genet 2011; 129:687-94. [PMID: 21465221 PMCID: PMC3092928 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-011-0981-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2011] [Accepted: 03/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified more than 30 prostate cancer (PrCa) susceptibility loci. One of these (rs2735839) is located close to a plausible candidate susceptibility gene, KLK3, which encodes prostate-specific antigen (PSA). PSA is widely used as a biomarker for PrCa detection and disease monitoring. To refine the association between PrCa and variants in this region, we used genotyping data from a two-stage GWAS using samples from the UK and Australia, and the Cancer Genetic Markers of Susceptibility (CGEMS) study. Genotypes were imputed for 197 and 312 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from HapMap2 and the 1000 Genome Project, respectively. The most significant association with PrCa was with a previously unidentified SNP, rs17632542 (combined P = 3.9 × 10−22). This association was confirmed by direct genotyping in three stages of the UK/Australian GWAS, involving 10,405 cases and 10,681 controls (combined P = 1.9 × 10−34). rs17632542 is also shown to be associated with PSA levels and it is a non-synonymous coding SNP (Ile179Thr) in KLK3. Using molecular dynamic simulation, we showed evidence that this variant has the potential to introduce alterations in the protein or affect RNA splicing. We propose that rs17632542 may directly influence PrCa risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Kote-Jarai
- The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, UK.
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Osorio A, Milne RL, Alonso R, Pita G, Peterlongo P, Teulé A, Nathanson KL, Domchek SM, Rebbeck T, Lasa A, Konstantopoulou I, Hogervorst FB, Verhoef S, van Dooren MF, Jager A, Ausems MGEM, Aalfs CM, van Asperen CJ, Vreeswijk M, Waisfisz Q, Van Roozendaal CE, Ligtenberg MJ, Easton DF, Peock S, Cook M, Oliver CT, Frost D, Curzon B, Evans DG, Lalloo F, Eeles R, Izatt L, Davidson R, Adlard J, Eccles D, Ong KR, Douglas F, Downing S, Brewer C, Walker L, Nevanlinna H, Aittomäki K, Couch FJ, Fredericksen Z, Lindor NM, Godwin A, Isaacs C, Caligo MA, Loman N, Jernström H, Barbany-Bustinza G, Liljegren A, Ehrencrona H, Stenmark-Askmalm M, Feliubadaló L, Manoukian S, Peissel B, Zaffaroni D, Bonanni B, Fortuzzi S, Johannsson OT, Chenevix-Trench G, Chen XC, Beesley J, Spurdle AB, Sinilnikova OM, Healey S, McGuffog L, Antoniou AC, Brunet J, Radice P, Benítez J. Evaluation of the XRCC1 gene as a phenotypic modifier in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers. Results from the consortium of investigators of modifiers of BRCA1/BRCA2. Br J Cancer 2011; 104:1356-61. [PMID: 21427728 PMCID: PMC3078599 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2011.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes involved in DNA repair are good candidates to be tested as phenotypic modifiers for carriers of mutations in the high-risk susceptibility genes BRCA1 and BRCA2. The base excision repair (BER) pathway could be particularly interesting given the relation of synthetic lethality that exists between one of the components of the pathway, PARP1, and both BRCA1 and BRCA2. In this study, we have evaluated the XRCC1 gene that participates in the BER pathway, as phenotypic modifier of BRCA1 and BRCA2. METHODS Three common SNPs in the gene, c.-77C>T (rs3213245) p.Arg280His (rs25489) and p.Gln399Arg (rs25487) were analysed in a series of 701 BRCA1 and 576 BRCA2 mutation carriers. RESULTS An association was observed between p.Arg280His-rs25489 and breast cancer risk for BRCA2 mutation carriers, with rare homozygotes at increased risk relative to common homozygotes (hazard ratio: 22.3, 95% confidence interval: 14.3-34, P<0.001). This association was further tested in a second series of 4480 BRCA1 and 3016 BRCA2 mutation carriers from the Consortium of Investigators of Modifiers of BRCA1 and BRCA2. CONCLUSIONS AND INTERPRETATION No evidence of association was found when the larger series was analysed which lead us to conclude that none of the three SNPs are significant modifiers of breast cancer risk for mutation carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Osorio
- Human Genetics Group, Spanish National Cancer Centre, C/Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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Milne RL, Gaudet MM, Spurdle AB, Fasching PA, Couch FJ, Benítez J, Arias Pérez JI, Zamora MP, Malats N, Dos Santos Silva I, Gibson LJ, Fletcher O, Johnson N, Anton-Culver H, Ziogas A, Figueroa J, Brinton L, Sherman ME, Lissowska J, Hopper JL, Dite GS, Apicella C, Southey MC, Sigurdson AJ, Linet MS, Schonfeld SJ, Freedman DM, Mannermaa A, Kosma VM, Kataja V, Auvinen P, Andrulis IL, Glendon G, Knight JA, Weerasooriya N, Cox A, Reed MW, Cross SS, Dunning AM, Ahmed S, Shah M, Brauch H, Ko YD, Brüning T, Lambrechts D, Reumers J, Smeets A, Wang-Gohrke S, Hall P, Czene K, Liu J, Irwanto AK, Chenevix-Trench G, Holland H, Giles GG, Baglietto L, Severi G, Bojensen SE, Nordestgaard BG, Flyger H, John EM, West DW, Whittemore AS, Vachon C, Olson JE, Fredericksen Z, Kosel M, Hein R, Vrieling A, Flesch-Janys D, Heinz J, Beckmann MW, Heusinger K, Ekici AB, Haeberle L, Humphreys MK, Morrison J, Easton DF, Pharoah PD, García-Closas M, Goode EL, Chang-Claude J. Assessing interactions between the associations of common genetic susceptibility variants, reproductive history and body mass index with breast cancer risk in the breast cancer association consortium: a combined case-control study. Breast Cancer Res 2010; 12:R110. [PMID: 21194473 PMCID: PMC3046455 DOI: 10.1186/bcr2797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2010] [Revised: 11/17/2010] [Accepted: 12/31/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Several common breast cancer genetic susceptibility variants have recently been identified. We aimed to determine how these variants combine with a subset of other known risk factors to influence breast cancer risk in white women of European ancestry using case-control studies participating in the Breast Cancer Association Consortium. Methods We evaluated two-way interactions between each of age at menarche, ever having had a live birth, number of live births, age at first birth and body mass index (BMI) and each of 12 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (10q26-rs2981582 (FGFR2), 8q24-rs13281615, 11p15-rs3817198 (LSP1), 5q11-rs889312 (MAP3K1), 16q12-rs3803662 (TOX3), 2q35-rs13387042, 5p12-rs10941679 (MRPS30), 17q23-rs6504950 (COX11), 3p24-rs4973768 (SLC4A7), CASP8-rs17468277, TGFB1-rs1982073 and ESR1-rs3020314). Interactions were tested for by fitting logistic regression models including per-allele and linear trend main effects for SNPs and risk factors, respectively, and single-parameter interaction terms for linear departure from independent multiplicative effects. Results These analyses were applied to data for up to 26,349 invasive breast cancer cases and up to 32,208 controls from 21 case-control studies. No statistical evidence of interaction was observed beyond that expected by chance. Analyses were repeated using data from 11 population-based studies, and results were very similar. Conclusions The relative risks for breast cancer associated with the common susceptibility variants identified to date do not appear to vary across women with different reproductive histories or body mass index (BMI). The assumption of multiplicative combined effects for these established genetic and other risk factors in risk prediction models appears justified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger L Milne
- Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Group, Human Cancer Genetics Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, 28029, Spain.
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Mitra AV, Bancroft EK, Barbachano Y, Page EC, Foster CS, Jameson C, Mitchell G, Lindeman GJ, Stapleton A, Suthers G, Evans DG, Cruger D, Blanco I, Mercer C, Kirk J, Maehle L, Hodgson S, Walker L, Izatt L, Douglas F, Tucker K, Dorkins H, Clowes V, Male A, Donaldson A, Brewer C, Doherty R, Bulman B, Osther PJ, Salinas M, Eccles D, Axcrona K, Jobson I, Newcombe B, Cybulski C, Rubinstein WS, Buys S, Townshend S, Friedman E, Domchek S, Ramon Y Cajal T, Spigelman A, Teo SH, Nicolai N, Aaronson N, Ardern-Jones A, Bangma C, Dearnaley D, Eyfjord J, Falconer A, Grönberg H, Hamdy F, Johannsson O, Khoo V, Kote-Jarai Z, Lilja H, Lubinski J, Melia J, Moynihan C, Peock S, Rennert G, Schröder F, Sibley P, Suri M, Wilson P, Bignon YJ, Strom S, Tischkowitz M, Liljegren A, Ilencikova D, Abele A, Kyriacou K, van Asperen C, Kiemeney L, Easton DF, Eeles RA. Targeted prostate cancer screening in men with mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 detects aggressive prostate cancer: preliminary analysis of the results of the IMPACT study. BJU Int 2010; 107:28-39. [PMID: 20840664 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.2010.09648.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the role of targeted prostate cancer screening in men with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations, an international study, IMPACT (Identification of Men with a genetic predisposition to ProstAte Cancer: Targeted screening in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers and controls), was established. This is the first multicentre screening study targeted at men with a known genetic predisposition to prostate cancer. A preliminary analysis of the data is reported. PATIENTS AND METHODS Men aged 40-69 years from families with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations were offered annual prostate specific antigen (PSA) testing, and those with PSA > 3 ng/mL, were offered a prostate biopsy. Controls were men age-matched (± 5 years) who were negative for the familial mutation. RESULTS In total, 300 men were recruited (205 mutation carriers; 89 BRCA1, 116 BRCA2 and 95 controls) over 33 months. At the baseline screen (year 1), 7.0% (21/300) underwent a prostate biopsy. Prostate cancer was diagnosed in ten individuals, a prevalence of 3.3%. The positive predictive value of PSA screening in this cohort was 47·6% (10/21). One prostate cancer was diagnosed at year 2. Of the 11 prostate cancers diagnosed, nine were in mutation carriers, two in controls, and eight were clinically significant. CONCLUSIONS The present study shows that the positive predictive value of PSA screening in BRCA mutation carriers is high and that screening detects clinically significant prostate cancer. These results support the rationale for continued screening in such men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita V Mitra
- The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, UK
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Edwards SM, Evans DGR, Hope Q, Norman AR, Barbachano Y, Bullock S, Kote-Jarai Z, Meitz J, Falconer A, Osin P, Fisher C, Guy M, Jhavar SG, Hall AL, O'Brien LT, Gehr-Swain BN, Wilkinson RA, Forrest MS, Dearnaley DP, Ardern-Jones AT, Page EC, Easton DF, Eeles RA. Prostate cancer in BRCA2 germline mutation carriers is associated with poorer prognosis. Br J Cancer 2010; 103:918-24. [PMID: 20736950 PMCID: PMC2948551 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6605822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The germline BRCA2 mutation is associated with increased prostate cancer (PrCa) risk. We have assessed survival in young PrCa cases with a germline mutation in BRCA2 and investigated loss of heterozygosity at BRCA2 in their tumours. Methods: Two cohorts were compared: one was a group with young-onset PrCa, tested for germline BRCA2 mutations (6 of 263 cases had a germline BRAC2 mutation), and the second was a validation set consisting of a clinical set from Manchester of known BRCA2 mutuation carriers (15 cases) with PrCa. Survival data were compared with a control series of patients in a single clinic as determined by Kaplan–Meier estimates. Loss of heterozygosity was tested for in the DNA of tumour tissue of the young-onset group by typing four microsatellite markers that flanked the BRCA2 gene, followed by sequencing. Results: Median survival of all PrCa cases with a germline BRCA2 mutation was shorter at 4.8 years than was survival in controls at 8.5 years (P=0.002). Loss of heterozygosity was found in the majority of tumours of BRCA2 mutation carriers. Multivariate analysis confirmed that the poorer survival of PrCa in BRCA2 mutation carriers is associated with the germline BRCA2 mutation per se. Conclusion: BRCA2 germline mutation is an independent prognostic factor for survival in PrCa. Such patients should not be managed with active surveillance as they have more aggressive disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Edwards
- Oncogenetics team, Section of Cancer Genetics, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton SM2 5PT, UK
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Gaudet MM, Yang HP, Bosquet JG, Healey CS, Ahmed S, Dunning AM, Easton DF, Spurdle AB, Ferguson K, O'Mara T, Lambrechts D, Despierre E, Vergote I, Amant F, Lacey JV, Lissowska J, Peplonska B, Brinton LA, Chanock S, Garcia-Closas M. No association between FTO or HHEX and endometrial cancer risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2010; 19:2106-9. [PMID: 20647405 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-10-0515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obesity and diabetes are known risk factors for endometrial cancer; thus, the genetic risk factors of these phenotypes might also be associated with endometrial cancer risk. To evaluate this hypothesis, we genotyped tag-single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) and candidate SNPs in FTO and HHEX in a primary set of 417 endometrial cancer cases and 406 population-based controls, and validated significant findings in a replication set of approximately 2,347 cases and 3,140 controls from three additional studies. METHODS We genotyped 189 tagSNPs in FTO (including rs8050136) and five tagSNPs in HHEX (including rs1111875) in the primary set and one SNP each in FTO (rs12927155) and HHEX (rs1111875) in the validation set. Per allele odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated to estimate the association between the genotypes of each SNPs (as an ordinal variable) and endometrial cancer risk using unconditional logistic regression models, controlling for age and site. RESULTS In the primary study, the most significant finding in FTO was rs12927155 (OR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.21-2.01; P = 5.8 x 10(-4)), and in HHEX, it was rs1111875 (OR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.66-0.97; P = 0.026). In the validation studies, the pooled per allele OR, adjusted for age and study for FTO, was rs12927155 (OR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.83-1.06; P = 0.29), whereas for HHEX, it was rs1111875 (OR, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.92-1.10; P = 0.96). CONCLUSION Our data indicate that common genetic variants in two genes previously related to obesity (FTO) and diabetes (HHEX) by genome-wide association scans were not associated with endometrial cancer risk. IMPACT Polymorphisms in FTO and HHEX are unlikely to have large effects on endometrial cancer risk but may have weaker effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia M Gaudet
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA.
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Osorio A, Milne RL, Pita G, Peterlongo P, Heikkinen T, Simard J, Chenevix-Trench G, Spurdle AB, Beesley J, Chen X, Healey S, Neuhausen SL, Ding YC, Couch FJ, Wang X, Lindor N, Manoukian S, Barile M, Viel A, Tizzoni L, Szabo CI, Foretova L, Zikan M, Claes K, Greene MH, Mai P, Rennert G, Lejbkowicz F, Barnett-Griness O, Andrulis IL, Ozcelik H, Weerasooriya N, Gerdes AM, Thomassen M, Cruger DG, Caligo MA, Friedman E, Kaufman B, Laitman Y, Cohen S, Kontorovich T, Gershoni-Baruch R, Dagan E, Jernström H, Askmalm MS, Arver B, Malmer B, Domchek SM, Nathanson KL, Brunet J, Ramón Y Cajal T, Yannoukakos D, Hamann U, Hogervorst FBL, Verhoef S, Gómez García EB, Wijnen JT, van den Ouweland A, Easton DF, Peock S, Cook M, Oliver CT, Frost D, Luccarini C, Evans DG, Lalloo F, Eeles R, Pichert G, Cook J, Hodgson S, Morrison PJ, Douglas F, Godwin AK, Sinilnikova OM, Barjhoux L, Stoppa-Lyonnet D, Moncoutier V, Giraud S, Cassini C, Olivier-Faivre L, Révillion F, Peyrat JP, Muller D, Fricker JP, Lynch HT, John EM, Buys S, Daly M, Hopper JL, Terry MB, Miron A, Yassin Y, Goldgar D, Singer CF, Gschwantler-Kaulich D, Pfeiler G, Spiess AC, Hansen TVO, Johannsson OT, Kirchhoff T, Offit K, Kosarin K, Piedmonte M, Rodriguez GC, Wakeley K, Boggess JF, Basil J, Schwartz PE, Blank SV, Toland AE, Montagna M, Casella C, Imyanitov EN, Allavena A, Schmutzler RK, Versmold B, Engel C, Meindl A, Ditsch N, Arnold N, Niederacher D, Deissler H, Fiebig B, Varon-Mateeva R, Schaefer D, Froster UG, Caldes T, de la Hoya M, McGuffog L, Antoniou AC, Nevanlinna H, Radice P, Benítez J. Evaluation of a candidate breast cancer associated SNP in ERCC4 as a risk modifier in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers. Results from the Consortium of Investigators of Modifiers of BRCA1/BRCA2 (CIMBA). Br J Cancer 2009; 101:2048-54. [PMID: 19920816 PMCID: PMC2795432 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6605416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: In this study we aimed to evaluate the role of a SNP in intron 1 of the ERCC4 gene (rs744154), previously reported to be associated with a reduced risk of breast cancer in the general population, as a breast cancer risk modifier in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers. Methods: We have genotyped rs744154 in 9408 BRCA1 and 5632 BRCA2 mutation carriers from the Consortium of Investigators of Modifiers of BRCA1/2 (CIMBA) and assessed its association with breast cancer risk using a retrospective weighted cohort approach. Results: We found no evidence of association with breast cancer risk for BRCA1 (per-allele HR: 0.98, 95% CI: 0.93–1.04, P=0.5) or BRCA2 (per-allele HR: 0.97, 95% CI: 0.89–1.06, P=0.5) mutation carriers. Conclusion: This SNP is not a significant modifier of breast cancer risk for mutation carriers, though weak associations cannot be ruled out.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Osorio
- Human Genetics Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, C/Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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Sinilnikova OM, Antoniou AC, Simard J, Healey S, Léoné M, Sinnett D, Spurdle AB, Beesley J, Chen X, Greene MH, Loud JT, Lejbkowicz F, Rennert G, Dishon S, Andrulis IL, Domchek SM, Nathanson KL, Manoukian S, Radice P, Konstantopoulou I, Blanco I, Laborde AL, Durán M, Osorio A, Benitez J, Hamann U, Hogervorst FBL, van Os TAM, Gille HJP, Peock S, Cook M, Luccarini C, Evans DG, Lalloo F, Eeles R, Pichert G, Davidson R, Cole T, Cook J, Paterson J, Brewer C, Hughes DJ, Coupier I, Giraud S, Coulet F, Colas C, Soubrier F, Rouleau E, Bièche I, Lidereau R, Demange L, Nogues C, Lynch HT, Schmutzler RK, Versmold B, Engel C, Meindl A, Arnold N, Sutter C, Deissler H, Schaefer D, Froster UG, Aittomäki K, Nevanlinna H, McGuffog L, Easton DF, Chenevix-Trench G, Stoppa-Lyonnet D. The TP53 Arg72Pro and MDM2 309G>T polymorphisms are not associated with breast cancer risk in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers. Br J Cancer 2009; 101:1456-60. [PMID: 19707196 PMCID: PMC2768437 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6605279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The TP53 pathway, in which TP53 and its negative regulator MDM2 are the central elements, has an important role in carcinogenesis, particularly in BRCA1- and BRCA2-mediated carcinogenesis. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the promoter region of MDM2 (309T>G, rs2279744) and a coding SNP of TP53 (Arg72Pro, rs1042522) have been shown to be of functional significance. Methods: To investigate whether these SNPs modify breast cancer risk for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers, we pooled genotype data on the TP53 Arg72Pro SNP in 7011 mutation carriers and on the MDM2 309T>G SNP in 2222 mutation carriers from the Consortium of Investigators of Modifiers of BRCA1/2 (CIMBA). Data were analysed using a Cox proportional hazards model within a retrospective likelihood framework. Results: No association was found between these SNPs and breast cancer risk for BRCA1 (TP53: per-allele hazard ratio (HR)=1.01, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.93–1.10, Ptrend=0.77; MDM2: HR=0.96, 95%CI: 0.84–1.09, Ptrend=0.54) or for BRCA2 mutation carriers (TP53: HR=0.99, 95%CI: 0.87–1.12, Ptrend=0.83; MDM2: HR=0.98, 95%CI: 0.80–1.21, Ptrend=0.88). We also evaluated the potential combined effects of both SNPs on breast cancer risk, however, none of their combined genotypes showed any evidence of association. Conclusion: There was no evidence that TP53 Arg72Pro or MDM2 309T>G, either singly or in combination, influence breast cancer risk in BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- O M Sinilnikova
- Unité Mixte de Génétique Constitutionnelle des Cancers Fréquents, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon 69373, France.
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Gaudet MM, Milne RL, Cox A, Camp NJ, Goode EL, Humphreys MK, Dunning AM, Morrison J, Giles GG, Severi G, Baglietto L, English DR, Couch FJ, Olson JE, Wang X, Chang-Claude J, Flesch-Janys D, Abbas S, Salazar R, Mannermaa A, Kataja V, Kosma VM, Lindblom A, Margolin S, Heikkinen T, Kämpjärvi K, Aaltonen K, Nevanlinna H, Bogdanova N, Coinac I, Schürmann P, Dörk T, Bartram CR, Schmutzler RK, Tchatchou S, Burwinkel B, Brauch H, Torres D, Hamann U, Justenhoven C, Ribas G, Arias JI, Benitez J, Bojesen SE, Nordestgaard BG, Flyger HL, Peto J, Fletcher O, Johnson N, Dos Santos Silva I, Fasching PA, Beckmann MW, Strick R, Ekici AB, Broeks A, Schmidt MK, van Leeuwen FE, Van't Veer LJ, Southey MC, Hopper JL, Apicella C, Haiman CA, Henderson BE, Le Marchand L, Kolonel LN, Kristensen V, Grenaker Alnaes G, Hunter DJ, Kraft P, Cox DG, Hankinson SE, Seynaeve C, Vreeswijk MPG, Tollenaar RAEM, Devilee P, Chanock S, Lissowska J, Brinton L, Peplonska B, Czene K, Hall P, Li Y, Liu J, Balasubramanian S, Rafii S, Reed MWR, Pooley KA, Conroy D, Baynes C, Kang D, Yoo KY, Noh DY, Ahn SH, Shen CY, Wang HC, Yu JC, Wu PE, Anton-Culver H, Ziogoas A, Egan K, Newcomb P, Titus-Ernstoff L, Trentham Dietz A, Sigurdson AJ, Alexander BH, Bhatti P, Allen-Brady K, Cannon-Albright LA, Wong J, Chenevix-Trench G, Spurdle AB, Beesley J, Pharoah PDP, Easton DF, Garcia-Closas M. Five polymorphisms and breast cancer risk: results from the Breast Cancer Association Consortium. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009; 18:1610-6. [PMID: 19423537 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-08-0745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that minor alleles for ERCC4 rs744154, TNF rs361525, CASP10 rs13010627, PGR rs1042838, and BID rs8190315 may influence breast cancer risk, but the evidence is inconclusive due to their small sample size. These polymorphisms were genotyped in more than 30,000 breast cancer cases and 30,000 controls, primarily of European descent, from 30 studies in the Breast Cancer Association Consortium. We calculated odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) as a measure of association. We found that the minor alleles for these polymorphisms were not related to invasive breast cancer risk overall in women of European descent: ECCR4 per-allele OR (95% CI) = 0.99 (0.97-1.02), minor allele frequency = 27.5%; TNF 1.00 (0.95-1.06), 5.0%; CASP10 1.02 (0.98-1.07), 6.5%; PGR 1.02 (0.99-1.06), 15.3%; and BID 0.98 (0.86-1.12), 1.7%. However, we observed significant between-study heterogeneity for associations with risk for single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in CASP10, PGR, and BID. Estimates were imprecise for women of Asian and African descent due to small numbers and lower minor allele frequencies (with the exception of BID SNP). The ORs for each copy of the minor allele were not significantly different by estrogen or progesterone receptor status, nor were any significant interactions found between the polymorphisms and age or family history of breast cancer. In conclusion, our data provide persuasive evidence against an overall association between invasive breast cancer risk and ERCC4 rs744154, TNF rs361525, CASP10 rs13010627, PGR rs1042838, and BID rs8190315 genotypes among women of European descent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia M Gaudet
- Department of Epidemiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA.
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Quaye L, Song H, Ramus SJ, Gentry-Maharaj A, Høgdall E, DiCioccio RA, McGuire V, Wu AH, Van Den Berg DJ, Pike MC, Wozniak E, Doherty JA, Rossing MA, Ness RB, Moysich KB, Høgdall C, Blaakaer J, Easton DF, Ponder BAJ, Jacobs IJ, Menon U, Whittemore AS, Krüger-Kjaer S, Pearce CL, Pharoah PDP, Gayther SA. Tagging single-nucleotide polymorphisms in candidate oncogenes and susceptibility to ovarian cancer. Br J Cancer 2009; 100:993-1001. [PMID: 19240718 PMCID: PMC2661781 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6604947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2008] [Revised: 01/19/2009] [Accepted: 01/26/2009] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Low-moderate risk alleles that are relatively common in the population may explain a significant proportion of the excess familial risk of ovarian cancer (OC) not attributed to highly penetrant genes. In this study, we evaluated the risks of OC associated with common germline variants in five oncogenes (BRAF, ERBB2, KRAS, NMI and PIK3CA) known to be involved in OC development. Thirty-four tagging SNPs in these genes were genotyped in approximately 1800 invasive OC cases and 3000 controls from population-based studies in Denmark, the United Kingdom and the United States. We found no evidence of disease association for SNPs in BRAF, KRAS, ERBB2 and PIK3CA when OC was considered as a single disease phenotype; but after stratification by histological subtype, we found borderline evidence of association for SNPs in KRAS and BRAF with mucinous OC and in ERBB2 and PIK3CA with endometrioid OC. For NMI, we identified a SNP (rs11683487) that was associated with a decreased risk of OC (unadjusted P(dominant)=0.004). We then genotyped rs11683487 in another 1097 cases and 1792 controls from an additional three case-control studies from the United States. The combined odds ratio was 0.89 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.80-0.99) and remained statistically significant (P(dominant)=0.032). We also identified two haplotypes in ERBB2 associated with an increased OC risk (P(global)=0.034) and a haplotype in BRAF that had a protective effect (P(global)=0.005). In conclusion, these data provide borderline evidence of association for common allelic variation in the NMI with risk of epithelial OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Quaye
- Gynaecological Oncology Department, UCL EGA Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - H Song
- Strangeways Research Laboratory, CR-UK Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - S J Ramus
- Gynaecological Oncology Department, UCL EGA Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - A Gentry-Maharaj
- Gynaecological Oncology Department, UCL EGA Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - E Høgdall
- Department of Virus, Hormones and Cancer, Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - R A DiCioccio
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - V McGuire
- Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - A H Wu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - D J Van Den Berg
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - M C Pike
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - E Wozniak
- Gynaecological Oncology Department, UCL EGA Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - J A Doherty
- JD Program in Epidemiology, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - M A Rossing
- JD Program in Epidemiology, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - R B Ness
- Department of Epidemiology and University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - K B Moysich
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - C Høgdall
- Gynaecology Clinic, The Juliane Marie Centre, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark, CR-UK
| | - J Blaakaer
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - The Ovarian Cancer Association Consortium
- Gynaecological Oncology Department, UCL EGA Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK
- Strangeways Research Laboratory, CR-UK Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Virus, Hormones and Cancer, Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
- Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- JD Program in Epidemiology, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Gynaecology Clinic, The Juliane Marie Centre, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark, CR-UK
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Oncology, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Genetic Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - D F Easton
- Department of Oncology, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Genetic Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - B A J Ponder
- Strangeways Research Laboratory, CR-UK Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - I J Jacobs
- Gynaecological Oncology Department, UCL EGA Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - U Menon
- Gynaecological Oncology Department, UCL EGA Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - A S Whittemore
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - S Krüger-Kjaer
- Department of Virus, Hormones and Cancer, Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Gynaecology Clinic, The Juliane Marie Centre, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark, CR-UK
| | - C L Pearce
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - P D P Pharoah
- Strangeways Research Laboratory, CR-UK Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - S A Gayther
- Gynaecological Oncology Department, UCL EGA Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK
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Koessler T, Oestergaard MZ, Song H, Tyrer J, Perkins B, Dunning AM, Easton DF, Pharoah PDP. Common variants in mismatch repair genes and risk of colorectal cancer. Gut 2008; 57:1097-101. [PMID: 18364438 DOI: 10.1136/gut.2007.137265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The mismatch repair (MMR) genes are in charge of maintaining genomic integrity. Mutations in the MMR genes are at the origin of a familial form of colorectal cancer (CRC). This syndrome accounts for only a small proportion of the excess familial risk of CRC. The characteristics of the alleles that account for the remainder of cases are unknown. To assess the putative associations between common variants in MMR genes and CRC, we performed a genetic case-control study using a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) tagging approach. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 2299 cases and 2284 unrelated controls were genotyped for 68 tagging SNPs in seven MMR genes (MLH1, MLH3, MSH2, MSH3, MSH6, PMS1 and PMS2). Genotype frequencies were measured in cases and controls and analysed using univariate analysis. Haplotypes were constructed and analysed using logistic regression. We also carried out a two-locus interaction analysis and a global test analysis. RESULTS Genotype frequencies were found to be marginally different in cases and controls for MSH3 rs26279 with a rare homozygote OR = 1.31 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.05 to 1.62], p(trend) = 0.04. We found a rare MLH1 (frequency <5%) haplotype, increasing the risk of colorectal cancer: (OR = 9.76; 95% CI, 1.25 to 76.29; p = 0.03). The two-locus interaction analysis has exhibited signs of interaction between SNPs located in genes MSH6 and MSH2. Global testing has showed no evidence of interaction. CONCLUSION It is unlikely that common variants in MMR genes contribute significantly to colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Koessler
- Cancer Research UK Department of Oncology, Strangeways Research Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Worts Causeway, Cambridge, UK.
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Antoniou AC, Cunningham AP, Peto J, Evans DG, Lalloo F, Narod SA, Risch HA, Eyfjord JE, Hopper JL, Southey MC, Olsson H, Johannsson O, Borg A, Pasini B, Radice P, Manoukian S, Eccles DM, Tang N, Olah E, Anton-Culver H, Warner E, Lubinski J, Gronwald J, Gorski B, Tryggvadottir L, Syrjakoski K, Kallioniemi OP, Eerola H, Nevanlinna H, Pharoah PDP, Easton DF. Erratum: The BOADICEA model of genetic susceptibility to breast and ovarian cancers: updates and extensions. Br J Cancer 2008. [PMCID: PMC2441956 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6604411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Hinde RA, Easton DF, Meller RE, Tamplin AM. Temperamental characteristics of 3--4-year-olds and mother-child interaction. Ciba Found Symp 2008; 89:66-86. [PMID: 6922765 DOI: 10.1002/9780470720714.ch5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Comparisons are presented between the temperamental characteristics of preschool-age children from two-child families and aspects of mother-child interaction observed in the home. The data were collected when the children were 42 months old (n = 45) and 50 months old (n = 37). Although few behavioural items were directly relevant to temperament, several temperamental characteristics (Moody, Intense, Shy, Assertive) had behavioural correlates of a type that might be expected. Active and Irregular also showed meaningful patterns of correlations. Unmalleable, Dependent and Attention span did not. However, although there were no sex differences in the ratings of temperamental characteristics, the correlations between particular characteristics and behavioural items sometimes differed markedly between boys and girls, and also between firstborns and secondborns. Thus comparisons between temperamental characteristics and the behavioural data involving the whole sample were sometimes less revealing than those concerning each sex or sibling-status group separately.
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Ahmed S, Maranian M, Gregory CS, Udler M, Field HI, Tyrer J, Hesketh R, Metcalfe JC, Scollen S, Stuewing JP, Ponder BAJ, Pharoah PDP, Easton DF, Dunning AM. From association to cause: fine mapping of the TNRC9gene region, a novel susceptibility locus identified in the first genome-wide association study for breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2008. [PMCID: PMC3300752 DOI: 10.1186/bcr1933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
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36
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Antoniou AC, Hardy R, Walker L, Evans DG, Shenton A, Eeles R, Shanley S, Pichert G, Izatt L, Rose S, Douglas F, Eccles D, Morrison PJ, Scott J, Zimmern RL, Easton DF, Pharoah PDP. Predicting the likelihood of carrying a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation: validation of BOADICEA, BRCAPRO, IBIS, Myriad and the Manchester scoring system using data from UK genetics clinics. J Med Genet 2008; 45:425-31. [PMID: 18413374 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.2007.056556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Genetic testing for the breast and ovarian cancer susceptibility genes BRCA1 and BRCA2 has important implications for the clinical management of people found to carry a mutation. However, genetic testing is expensive and may be associated with adverse psychosocial effects. To provide a cost-efficient and clinically appropriate genetic counselling service, genetic testing should be targeted at those individuals most likely to carry pathogenic mutations. Several algorithms that predict the likelihood of carrying a BRCA1 or a BRCA2 mutation are currently used in clinical practice to identify such individuals. DESIGN We evaluated the performance of the carrier prediction algorithms BOADICEA, BRCAPRO, IBIS, the Manchester scoring system and Myriad tables, using 1934 families seen in cancer genetics clinics in the UK in whom an index patient had been screened for BRCA1 and/or BRCA2 mutations. The models were evaluated for calibration, discrimination and accuracy of the predictions. RESULTS Of the five algorithms, only BOADICEA predicted the overall observed number of mutations detected accurately (ie, was well calibrated). BOADICEA also provided the best discrimination, being significantly better (p<0.05) than all models except BRCAPRO (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve statistics: BOADICEA = 0.77, BRCAPRO = 0.76, IBIS = 0.74, Manchester = 0.75, Myriad = 0.72). All models underpredicted the number of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations in the low estimated risk category. CONCLUSIONS Carrier prediction algorithms provide a rational basis for counselling individuals likely to carry BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations. Their widespread use would improve equity of access and the cost-effectiveness of genetic testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Antoniou
- Cancer Research UK, Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, UK.
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Antoniou AC, Cunningham AP, Peto J, Evans DG, Lalloo F, Narod SA, Risch HA, Eyfjord JE, Hopper JL, Southey MC, Olsson H, Johannsson O, Borg A, Pasini B, Passini B, Radice P, Manoukian S, Eccles DM, Tang N, Olah E, Anton-Culver H, Warner E, Lubinski J, Gronwald J, Gorski B, Tryggvadottir L, Syrjakoski K, Kallioniemi OP, Eerola H, Nevanlinna H, Pharoah PDP, Easton DF. The BOADICEA model of genetic susceptibility to breast and ovarian cancers: updates and extensions. Br J Cancer 2008; 98:1457-66. [PMID: 18349832 PMCID: PMC2361716 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6604305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 345] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple genetic loci confer susceptibility to breast and ovarian cancers. We have previously developed a model (BOADICEA) under which susceptibility to breast cancer is explained by mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2, as well as by the joint multiplicative effects of many genes (polygenic component). We have now updated BOADICEA using additional family data from two UK population-based studies of breast cancer and family data from BRCA1 and BRCA2 carriers identified by 22 population-based studies of breast or ovarian cancer. The combined data set includes 2785 families (301 BRCA1 positive and 236 BRCA2 positive). Incidences were smoothed using locally weighted regression techniques to avoid large variations between adjacent intervals. A birth cohort effect on the cancer risks was implemented, whereby each individual was assumed to develop cancer according to calendar period-specific incidences. The fitted model predicts that the average breast cancer risks in carriers increase in more recent birth cohorts. For example, the average cumulative breast cancer risk to age 70 years among BRCA1 carriers is 50% for women born in 1920-1929 and 58% among women born after 1950. The model was further extended to take into account the risks of male breast, prostate and pancreatic cancer, and to allow for the risk of multiple cancers. BOADICEA can be used to predict carrier probabilities and cancer risks to individuals with any family history, and has been implemented in a user-friendly Web-based program (http://www.srl.cam.ac.uk/genepi/boadicea/boadicea_home.html).
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Antoniou
- Cancer Research UK, Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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38
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Samuelson DJ, Hesselson SE, Aperavich BA, Zan Y, Haag JD, Trentham-Dietz A, Hampton JM, Mau B, Chen KS, Baynes C, Khaw KT, Luben R, Perkins B, Shah M, Pharoah PD, Dunning AM, Easton DF, Ponder BA, Gould MN. Rat Mcs5a is a compound quantitative trait locus with orthologous human loci that associate with breast cancer risk. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007; 104:6299-304. [PMID: 17404222 PMCID: PMC1847458 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0701687104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2006] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer risk is a polygenic trait. To identify breast cancer modifier alleles that have a high population frequency and low penetrance we used a comparative genomics approach. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) were initially identified by linkage analysis in a rat mammary carcinogenesis model followed by verification in congenic rats carrying the specific QTL allele under study. The Mcs5a locus was identified by fine-mapping Mcs5 in a congenic model. Here we characterize the Mcs5a locus, which when homozygous for the Wky allele, reduces mammary cancer risk by 50%. The Mcs5a locus is a compound QTL with at least two noncoding interacting elements: Mcs5a1 and Mcs5a2. The resistance phenotype is only observed in rats carrying at least one copy of the Wky allele of each element on the same chromosome. Mcs5a1 is located within the ubiquitin ligase Fbxo10, whereas Mcs5a2 includes the 5' portion of Frmpd1. Resistant congenic rats show a down-regulation of Fbxo10 in the thymus and an up-regulation of Frmpd1 in the spleen. The association of the Mcs5a1 and Mcs5a2 human orthologs with breast cancer was tested in two population-based breast cancer case-control studies (approximately 12,000 women). The minor alleles of rs6476643 (MCS5A1) and rs2182317 (MCS5A2) were independently associated with breast cancer risk. The minor allele of rs6476643 increases risk, whereas the rs2182317 minor allele decreases risk. Both alleles have a high population frequency and a low penetrance toward breast cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J. Samuelson
- *McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Stephanie E. Hesselson
- *McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Beth A. Aperavich
- *McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Yunhong Zan
- *McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Jill D. Haag
- *McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Amy Trentham-Dietz
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53726; and
| | - John M. Hampton
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53726; and
| | - Bob Mau
- *McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Kai-Shun Chen
- *McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Caroline Baynes
- Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cancer Research UK Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Worts Causeway, Cambridge CB1 8RN, United Kingdom
| | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cancer Research UK Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Worts Causeway, Cambridge CB1 8RN, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Luben
- Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cancer Research UK Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Worts Causeway, Cambridge CB1 8RN, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara Perkins
- Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cancer Research UK Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Worts Causeway, Cambridge CB1 8RN, United Kingdom
| | - Mitul Shah
- Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cancer Research UK Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Worts Causeway, Cambridge CB1 8RN, United Kingdom
| | - Paul D. Pharoah
- Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cancer Research UK Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Worts Causeway, Cambridge CB1 8RN, United Kingdom
| | - Alison M. Dunning
- Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cancer Research UK Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Worts Causeway, Cambridge CB1 8RN, United Kingdom
| | - Doug F. Easton
- Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cancer Research UK Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Worts Causeway, Cambridge CB1 8RN, United Kingdom
| | - Bruce A. Ponder
- Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cancer Research UK Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Worts Causeway, Cambridge CB1 8RN, United Kingdom
| | - Michael N. Gould
- *McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706
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Benusiglio PR, Pharoah PD, Smith PL, Lesueur F, Conroy D, Luben RN, Dew G, Jordan C, Dunning A, Easton DF, Ponder BAJ. HapMap-based study of the 17q21 ERBB2 amplicon in susceptibility to breast cancer. Br J Cancer 2006; 95:1689-95. [PMID: 17117180 PMCID: PMC2360759 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6603473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2006] [Revised: 10/09/2006] [Accepted: 10/13/2006] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
ERBB2 is frequently amplified in breast tumours as part of a wide region of amplification on chromosome 17q21. This amplicon contains many candidate genes for breast cancer susceptibility. We used a genetic association study design to determine if common genetic variation (frequency>or=5%) in a 400-kb region surrounding ERBB2 and containing the PPARBP, CRK7, NEUROD2, PPP1R1B, STARD3, TCAP, PNMT, CAB2, ERBB2, C17ORF37, GRB7 and ZNFN1A3 genes, was associated with breast cancer risk. Sixteen tagging single-nucleotide polymorphisms (tSNPs) selected within blocks of linkage disequilibrium from the HapMap database, one HapMap singleton SNP, and six additional SNPs randomly selected from dbSNP were genotyped using Taqman in a large study set of British women (2275 cases, 2280 controls). We observed no association between any of the genotypes or associated haplotypes and disease risk. In order to simulate unidentified SNPs, we performed the leave-one-out cross-validation procedure on the HapMap data; over 90% of the common genetic variation was well represented by tagging polymorphisms. We are therefore likely to have tagged any common variants present in our population. In summary, we found no association between common genetic variation in the 17q21 ERBB2 amplicon and breast cancer risk in British women.
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Affiliation(s)
- P R Benusiglio
- Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cancer Research UK Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, UK, and Department of Internal Medecine, Hôpital Cantonal Universitaire de Genève, Switzerland.
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Abstract
One of the most important risk factors for breast cancer is family history of the disease, indicating that genetic factors are important determinants of breast cancer risk. A number of breast cancer susceptibility genes have been identified, the most important being BRCA1 and BRCA2. However, it is estimated that all the currently known breast cancer susceptibility genes accounts for less than 25% of the familial aggregation of breast cancer. In this paper, we review the evidence for other breast cancer susceptibility genes arising from twin studies, pedigree analysis and studies of phenotypes associated with breast cancer, and the progress towards finding other breast cancer susceptibility genes through linkage and association studies. Taken together, the available evidence indicates that susceptibility to breast cancer is mediated through variants in many genes, each conferring a moderate risk of the disease. Such a model of susceptibility has implications for both risk prediction and for future gene identification studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Antoniou
- Cancer Research UK Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Strangeways Research Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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Oestergaard MZ, Tyrer J, Cebrian A, Shah M, Dunning AM, Ponder BAJ, Easton DF, Pharoah PDP. Interactions between genes involved in the antioxidant defence system and breast cancer risk. Br J Cancer 2006; 95:525-31. [PMID: 16868544 PMCID: PMC2360671 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6603272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2006] [Revised: 06/15/2006] [Accepted: 06/19/2006] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study is to examine the association between multilocus genotypes across 10 genes encoding proteins in the antioxidant defence system and breast cancer. The 10 genes are SOD1, SOD2, GPX1, GPX4, GSR, CAT, TXN, TXN2, TXNRD1 and TXNRD2. In all, 2271 cases and 2280 controls were used to examine gene-gene interactions between 52 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are hypothesised to tag all common variants in the 10 genes. The statistical analysis is based on three methods: unconditional logistic regression, multifactor dimensionality reduction and hierarchical cluster analysis. We examined all two- and three-way combinations with unconditional logistic regression and multifactor dimensionality reduction, and used a global approach with all SNPs in the hierarchical cluster analysis. Single-locus studies of an association of genetic variants in the antioxidant defence genes and breast cancer have been contradictory and inconclusive. It is the first time, to our knowledge, the association between multilocus genotypes across genes coding for antioxidant defence enzymes and breast cancer is investigated. We found no evidence of an association with breast cancer with our multilocus approach. The search for two-way interactions gave experiment-wise significance levels of P=0.24 (TXN [t2715c] and TXNRD2 [g23524a]) and P=0.58 (GSR [c39396t] and TXNRD2 [a442g]), for the unconditional logistic regression and multifactor dimensionality reduction, respectively. The experiment-wise significance levels for the three-way interactions were P=0.94 (GPX4 [t2572c], TXN [t2715c] and TXNRD2 [g23524a]) and P=0.29 (GSR [c39396t], TXN [t2715c] and TXNRD2 [a442g]) for the unconditional logistic regression and multifactor dimensionality reduction, respectively. In the hierarchical cluster analysis neither the average across four rounds with replacement of missing values at random (P=0.12) nor a fifth round with more balanced proportion of missing values between cases and controls (P=0.17) was significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Z Oestergaard
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Strangeways Research Laboratories, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK.
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Fulford LG, Easton DF, Reis-Filho JS, Sofronis A, Gillett CE, Lakhani SR, Hanby A. Specific morphological features predictive for the basal phenotype in grade 3 invasive ductal carcinoma of breast. Histopathology 2006; 49:22-34. [PMID: 16842243 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2006.02453.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Cytokeratin (CK) 14, a myoepithelial marker, is also expressed in a proportion of breast carcinomas. There is evidence that these tumours show a differing metastatic pattern and clinical outcome from other invasive ductal carcinomas (IDCs) and may need different management. Currently, they are not identified in routine practice and no morphological guidelines exist to aid their identification. The aim of this study was to analyse the histological features of CK14+ IDC. METHODS AND RESULTS A detailed histological review of 453 grade 3 IDCs revealed 88 (19.4%) that expressed CK14. Assessment was made independently by two pathologists using a standardized 'tick-box' proforma covering grade, architectural and cytological features. The results were analysed using logistic regression to identify features that predicted for basal phenotype. Concordance between the two pathologists was fair to good for most parameters (kappa 0.4-0.6). On multiple logistic regression, the basal phenotype was highly significantly associated with the presence of a central scar (P = 0.005), tumour necrosis (P < 0.0001), presence of spindle cells (P = 0.006) or squamous metaplasia (P < 0.0001), high total mitotic count (> 40 per 10 high-power field) (P = 0.0002) and high nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio (P = 0.0002). CONCLUSIONS Specific morphological features are strongly associated with basal-like breast carcinoma. These could be used in routine diagnostic practice to identify this important subset of tumours.
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MESH Headings
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Breast Neoplasms/classification
- Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/classification
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology
- Female
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Keratin-14
- Keratins/metabolism
- Neoplasms, Basal Cell/classification
- Neoplasms, Basal Cell/metabolism
- Neoplasms, Basal Cell/pathology
- Phenotype
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Affiliation(s)
- L G Fulford
- The Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, London, UK.
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Antoniou AC, Pharoah PDP, Narod S, Risch HA, Eyfjord JE, Hopper JL, Olsson H, Johannsson O, Borg A, Pasini B, Radice P, Manoukian S, Eccles DM, Tang N, Olah E, Anton-Culver H, Warner E, Lubinski J, Gronwald J, Gorski B, Tulinius H, Thorlacius S, Eerola H, Nevanlinna H, Syrjäkoski K, Kallioniemi OP, Thompson D, Evans C, Peto J, Lalloo F, Evans DG, Easton DF. Breast and ovarian cancer risks to carriers of the BRCA1 5382insC and 185delAG and BRCA2 6174delT mutations: a combined analysis of 22 population based studies. J Med Genet 2006; 42:602-3. [PMID: 15994883 PMCID: PMC1736090 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.2004.024133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A recent report estimated the breast cancer risks in carriers of the three Ashkenazi founder mutations to be higher than previously published estimates derived from population based studies. In an attempt to confirm this, the breast and ovarian cancer risks associated with the three Ashkenazi founder mutations were estimated using families included in a previous meta-analysis of populatrion based studies. The estimated breast cancer risks for each of the founder BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations were similar to the corresponding estimates based on all BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations in the meta-analysis. These estimates appear to be consistent with the observed prevalence of the mutations in the Ashkenazi Jewish population.
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Lesueur F, Song H, Ahmed S, Luccarini C, Jordan C, Luben R, Easton DF, Dunning AM, Pharoah PD, Ponder BAJ. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the RB1 gene and association with breast cancer in the British population. Br J Cancer 2006; 94:1921-6. [PMID: 16685266 PMCID: PMC2361346 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6603160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A substantial proportion of the familial risk of breast cancer may be attributable to genetic variants each contributing a small effect. pRb controls the cell cycle and polymorphisms within it are candidates for such low penetrance susceptibility alleles, since the gene has been implicated in several human tumours, particularly breast cancer. The purpose of this study was to determine whether common variants in the RB1 gene are associated with breast cancer risk. We assessed 15 tagging single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) using a case–control study design (n⩽4474 cases and n⩽4560 controls). A difference in genotype frequencies was found between cases and controls for rs2854344 in intron 17 (P-trend=0.007) and rs198580 in intron 19 (P-trend=0.018). Carrying the minor allele of these SNPs appears to confer a protective effect on breast cancer risk (odd ratio (OR)=0.86 (0.76–0.96) for rs2854344 and OR=0.80 (0.66–0.96) for rs198580). However, after adjusting for multiple testing these associations were borderline with an adjusted P-trend=0.068 for the most significant SNP (rs2854344). The RB1 gene is not known to contain any coding SNPs with allele frequencies ⩾5% but several intronic variants are in perfect linkage disequilibrium with the associated SNPs. Replication studies are needed to confirm the associations with breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Lesueur
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratories, UK.
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45
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Ponder BAJ, Cebrian A, Dunning AM, Easton DF, Lesueur F, Luccarini C, Pharoah PDP. The search for low-penetrance breast cancer genes. Breast Cancer Res 2005. [PMCID: PMC4233504 DOI: 10.1186/bcr1083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Rookus MA, Brohet RM, Andrieu N, Antoniou AC, Chang-Claude J, Easton DF, Peock S, Noguès C, van Leeuwen FE, Goldgar DE. Oral contraceptives and breast cancer risk in the International BRCA1/2 Carrier Cohort Study (IBCCS). Breast Cancer Res 2005. [PMCID: PMC4233518 DOI: 10.1186/bcr1097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Van Leeuwen FE, Andrieu N, Easton DF, Chang-Claude J, Brohet R, Cardis E, Antoniou AC, Peock S, Nogues C, Rookus MA, Goldgar DE. Low-dose ionizing radiation significantly increases the risk of breast cancer among BRCA1/2 mutation carriers in the International BRCA1/2 Carrier Cohort Study (IBCCS). Breast Cancer Res 2005. [PMCID: PMC4233516 DOI: 10.1186/bcr1095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Leach MO, Boggis CRM, Dixon AK, Easton DF, Eeles RA, Evans DGR, Gilbert FJ, Griebsch I, Hoff RJC, Kessar P, Lakhani SR, Moss SM, Nerurkar A, Padhani AR, Pointon LJ, Thompson D, Warren RML. Screening with magnetic resonance imaging and mammography of a UK population at high familial risk of breast cancer: a prospective multicentre cohort study (MARIBS). Lancet 2005; 365:1769-78. [PMID: 15910949 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(05)66481-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 671] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women genetically predisposed to breast cancer often develop the disease at a young age when dense breast tissue reduces the sensitivity of X-ray mammography. Our aim was, therefore, to compare contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (CE MRI) with mammography for screening. METHODS We did a prospective multicentre cohort study in 649 women aged 35-49 years with a strong family history of breast cancer or a high probability of a BRCA1, BRCA2, or TP53 mutation. We recruited participants from 22 centres in the UK, and offered the women annual screening with CE MRI and mammography for 2-7 years. FINDINGS We diagnosed 35 cancers in the 649 women screened with both mammography and CE MRI (1881 screens): 19 by CE MRI only, six by mammography only, and eight by both, with two interval cases. Sensitivity was significantly higher for CE MRI (77%, 95% CI 60-90) than for mammography (40%, 24-58; p=0.01), and was 94% (81-99) when both methods were used. Specificity was 93% (92-95) for mammography, 81% (80-83) for CE MRI (p<0.0001), and 77% (75-79) with both methods. The difference between CE MRI and mammography sensitivities was particularly pronounced in BRCA1 carriers (13 cancers; 92%vs 23%, p=0.004). INTERPRETATION Our findings indicate that CE MRI is more sensitive than mammography for cancer detection. Specificity for both procedures was acceptable. Despite a high proportion of grade 3 cancers, tumours were small and few women were node positive. Annual screening, combining CE MRI and mammography, would detect most tumours in this risk group.
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Affiliation(s)
- M O Leach
- MARIBS Study Office, Section of Magnetic Resonance, Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5PT, UK.
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Abstract
The known breast cancer predisposing genes account for only about 20% of inherited susceptibility. Epidemiological analyses suggest that much of the remaining 80% is explained by the combined effect of many individually weak genetic variants, rather than by further rare, highly penetrant mutations. In the near term, identification of variants may indicate new pathways or mechanisms in breast cancer development. The polygenic model implies a wide distribution of risk in the population. In the longer term, it may be possible to construct individual risk profiles to guide public health interventions. The search for genetic variants has so far proved difficult. A key unanswered question is the "genetic architecture" of predisposition-that is, strong or weak alleles, common or rare. We describe a genome-wide scan designed to provide a first-pass answer to this question.
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Affiliation(s)
- B A J Ponder
- Department of Oncology & Public Health & Cancer Research UK Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Strangeways Research Laboratories, University of Cambridge, UK
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Abstract
Several genes conferring susceptibility to breast and ovarian cancer, notably BRCA1 and BRCA2, have been identified. The majority of the familial aggregation of breast cancer is, however, not explained by these genes. We have previously derived, using segregation analysis, a susceptibility model (BOADICEA, Breast and Ovarian Analysis of Disease Incidence and Carrier Estimation Algorithm) in which susceptibility to these genes is explained by mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 together with a polygenic component reflecting the joint multiplicative effect of multiple genes of small effect on breast cancer risk. Here, we consider the predictions made by this model. The overall familial risks of breast cancer predicted by this model are close to those observed in epidemiological studies. The predicted prevalences of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations among unselected cases of breast and ovarian cancer are also consistent with observations from population-based studies. These predictions are closer to the observed values than those obtained using the Claus model and BRCAPRO. The predicted mutation probabilities and cancer risks in individuals with a family history (FH) can differ markedly from those predicted by other models. We conclude that this model provides a rational basis for risk assessment in individuals with a FH of breast or ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Antoniou
- Cancer Research UK, Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Worts Causeway, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - P P D Pharoah
- Cancer Research UK, Human Cancer Genetics Group, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - P Smith
- Cancer Research UK, Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Worts Causeway, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - D F Easton
- Cancer Research UK, Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Worts Causeway, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
- Cancer Research UK, Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Worts Causeway, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK. E-mail:
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