1
|
Figlioli G, Bogliolo M, Catucci I, Caleca L, Lasheras SV, Pujol R, Kiiski JI, Muranen TA, Barnes DR, Dennis J, Michailidou K, Bolla MK, Leslie G, Aalfs CM, Adank MA, Adlard J, Agata S, Cadoo K, Agnarsson BA, Ahearn T, Aittomäki K, Ambrosone CB, Andrews L, Anton-Culver H, Antonenkova NN, Arndt V, Arnold N, Aronson KJ, Arun BK, Asseryanis E, Auber B, Auvinen P, Azzollini J, Balmaña J, Barkardottir RB, Barrowdale D, Barwell J, Beane Freeman LE, Beauparlant CJ, Beckmann MW, Behrens S, Benitez J, Berger R, Bermisheva M, Blanco AM, Blomqvist C, Bogdanova NV, Bojesen A, Bojesen SE, Bonanni B, Borg A, Brady AF, Brauch H, Brenner H, Brüning T, Burwinkel B, Buys SS, Caldés T, Caliebe A, Caligo MA, Campa D, Campbell IG, Canzian F, Castelao JE, Chang-Claude J, Chanock SJ, Claes KBM, Clarke CL, Collavoli A, Conner TA, Cox DG, Cybulski C, Czene K, Daly MB, de la Hoya M, Devilee P, Diez O, Ding YC, Dite GS, Ditsch N, Domchek SM, Dorfling CM, dos-Santos-Silva I, Durda K, Dwek M, Eccles DM, Ekici AB, Eliassen AH, Ellberg C, Eriksson M, Evans DG, Fasching PA, Figueroa J, Flyger H, Foulkes WD, Friebel TM, Friedman E, Gabrielson M, Gaddam P, Gago-Dominguez M, Gao C, Gapstur SM, Garber J, García-Closas M, García-Sáenz JA, Gaudet MM, Gayther SA, Giles GG, Glendon G, Godwin AK, Goldberg MS, Goldgar DE, Guénel P, Gutierrez-Barrera AM, Haeberle L, Haiman CA, Håkansson N, Hall P, Hamann U, Harrington PA, Hein A, Heyworth J, Hillemanns P, Hollestelle A, Hopper JL, Hosgood HD, Howell A, Hu C, Hulick PJ, Hunter DJ, Imyanitov EN, Isaacs C, Jakimovska M, Jakubowska A, James P, Janavicius R, Janni W, John EM, Jones ME, Jung A, Kaaks R, Karlan BY, Khusnutdinova E, Kitahara CM, Konstantopoulou I, Koutros S, Kraft P, Lambrechts D, Lazaro C, Le Marchand L, Lester J, Lesueur F, Lilyquist J, Loud JT, Lu KH, Luben RN, Lubinski J, Mannermaa A, Manoochehri M, Manoukian S, Margolin S, Martens JWM, Maurer T, Mavroudis D, Mebirouk N, Meindl A, Menon U, Miller A, Montagna M, Nathanson KL, Neuhausen SL, Newman WG, Nguyen-Dumont T, Nielsen FC, Nielsen S, Nikitina-Zake L, Offit K, Olah E, Olopade OI, Olshan AF, Olson JE, Olsson H, Osorio A, Ottini L, Peissel B, Peixoto A, Peto J, Plaseska-Karanfilska D, Pocza T, Presneau N, Pujana MA, Punie K, Rack B, Rantala J, Rashid MU, Rau-Murthy R, Rennert G, Lejbkowicz F, Rhenius V, Romero A, Rookus MA, Ross EA, Rossing M, Rudaitis V, Ruebner M, Saloustros E, Sanden K, Santamariña M, Scheuner MT, Schmutzler RK, Schneider M, Scott C, Senter L, Shah M, Sharma P, Shu XO, Simard J, Singer CF, Sohn C, Soucy P, Southey MC, Spinelli JJ, Steele L, Stoppa-Lyonnet D, Tapper WJ, Teixeira MR, Terry MB, Thomassen M, Thompson J, Thull DL, Tischkowitz M, Tollenaar RA, Torres D, Troester MA, Truong T, Tung N, Untch M, Vachon CM, van Rensburg EJ, van Veen EM, Vega A, Viel A, Wappenschmidt B, Weitzel JN, Wendt C, Wieme G, Wolk A, Yang XR, Zheng W, Ziogas A, Zorn KK, Dunning AM, Lush M, Wang Q, McGuffog L, Parsons MT, Pharoah PDP, Fostira F, Toland AE, Andrulis IL, Ramus SJ, Swerdlow AJ, Greene MH, Chung WK, Milne RL, Chenevix-Trench G, Dörk T, Schmidt MK, Easton DF, Radice P, Hahnen E, Antoniou AC, Couch FJ, Nevanlinna H, Surrallés J, Peterlongo P. The FANCM:p.Arg658* truncating variant is associated with risk of triple-negative breast cancer. NPJ Breast Cancer 2019; 5:38. [PMID: 31700994 PMCID: PMC6825205 DOI: 10.1038/s41523-019-0127-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a common disease partially caused by genetic risk factors. Germline pathogenic variants in DNA repair genes BRCA1, BRCA2, PALB2, ATM, and CHEK2 are associated with breast cancer risk. FANCM, which encodes for a DNA translocase, has been proposed as a breast cancer predisposition gene, with greater effects for the ER-negative and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtypes. We tested the three recurrent protein-truncating variants FANCM:p.Arg658*, p.Gln1701*, and p.Arg1931* for association with breast cancer risk in 67,112 cases, 53,766 controls, and 26,662 carriers of pathogenic variants of BRCA1 or BRCA2. These three variants were also studied functionally by measuring survival and chromosome fragility in FANCM -/- patient-derived immortalized fibroblasts treated with diepoxybutane or olaparib. We observed that FANCM:p.Arg658* was associated with increased risk of ER-negative disease and TNBC (OR = 2.44, P = 0.034 and OR = 3.79; P = 0.009, respectively). In a country-restricted analysis, we confirmed the associations detected for FANCM:p.Arg658* and found that also FANCM:p.Arg1931* was associated with ER-negative breast cancer risk (OR = 1.96; P = 0.006). The functional results indicated that all three variants were deleterious affecting cell survival and chromosome stability with FANCM:p.Arg658* causing more severe phenotypes. In conclusion, we confirmed that the two rare FANCM deleterious variants p.Arg658* and p.Arg1931* are risk factors for ER-negative and TNBC subtypes. Overall our data suggest that the effect of truncating variants on breast cancer risk may depend on their position in the gene. Cell sensitivity to olaparib exposure, identifies a possible therapeutic option to treat FANCM-associated tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gisella Figlioli
- IFOM - the FIRC Institute for Molecular Oncology, Genome Diagnostics Program, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Bogliolo
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona Spain
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Sant Pau Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Irene Catucci
- IFOM - the FIRC Institute for Molecular Oncology, Genome Diagnostics Program, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Caleca
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Unit of Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk and Genetic Testing, Department of Research, Milan, Italy
| | - Sandra Viz Lasheras
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona Spain
| | - Roser Pujol
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona Spain
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Sant Pau Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Johanna I. Kiiski
- University of Helsinki, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Taru A. Muranen
- University of Helsinki, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Daniel R. Barnes
- University of Cambridge, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Cambridge, UK
| | - Joe Dennis
- University of Cambridge, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kyriaki Michailidou
- University of Cambridge, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Cambridge, UK
- The Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Department of Electron Microscopy/Molecular Pathology and The Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Manjeet K. Bolla
- University of Cambridge, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Cambridge, UK
| | - Goska Leslie
- University of Cambridge, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Cambridge, UK
| | - Cora M. Aalfs
- Amsterdam UMC, lokatie AMC, Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Muriel A. Adank
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek hospital, Family Cancer Clinic, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Julian Adlard
- Chapel Allerton Hospital, Yorkshire Regional Genetics Service, Leeds, UK
| | - Simona Agata
- Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Padua, Italy
| | - Karen Cadoo
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, New York, NY USA
| | - Bjarni A. Agnarsson
- Landspitali University Hospital, Department of Pathology, Reykjavik, Iceland
- University of Iceland, School of Medicine, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Thomas Ahearn
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Kristiina Aittomäki
- University of Helsinki, Department of Clinical Genetics, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Lesley Andrews
- Nelune Comprehensive Cancer Care Centre, The Bright Alliance Building, Randwick, NSW Australia
| | - Hoda Anton-Culver
- University of California Irvine, Department of Epidemiology, Genetic Epidemiology Research Institute, Irvine, CA USA
| | | | - Volker Arndt
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Norbert Arnold
- University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, and Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel, Germany
| | - Kristan J. Aronson
- Queen’s University, Department of Public Health Sciences, and Cancer Research Institute, Kingston, ON Canada
| | - Banu K. Arun
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Breast Medical Oncology, Houston, TX USA
| | - Ella Asseryanis
- Medical University of Vienna, Dept of OB/GYN and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernd Auber
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Human Genetics, Hannover, Germany
| | - Päivi Auvinen
- Kuopio University Hospital, Cancer Center, Kuopio, Finland
- University of Eastern Finland, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oncology, Kuopio, Finland
- University of Eastern Finland, Translational Cancer Research Area, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jacopo Azzollini
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Unit of Medical Genetics, Milan, Italy
| | - Judith Balmaña
- Vall d’Hebron Institute of Oncology, High Risk and Cancer Prevention Group, Barcelona, Spain
- University Hospital, Vall d’Hebron, Department of Medical Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa B. Barkardottir
- Landspitali University Hospital, Department of Pathology, Reykjavik, Iceland
- University of Iceland, BMC (Biomedical Centre), Faculty of Medicine, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Daniel Barrowdale
- University of Cambridge, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Cambridge, UK
| | - Julian Barwell
- University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicestershire Clinical Genetics Service, Leicester, UK
| | - Laura E. Beane Freeman
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Charles Joly Beauparlant
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec – Université Laval, Research Center, Genomics Center, Québec City, QC Canada
| | - Matthias W. Beckmann
- University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Comprehensive Cancer Center ER-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sabine Behrens
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Javier Benitez
- Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Human Genetics Group, Human Cancer Genetics Programme, Madrid, Spain
- Spanish Network on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
- Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Genotyping Unit (CEGEN), Human Cancer Genetics Programme, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raanan Berger
- Chaim Sheba Medical Center, The Institute of Oncology, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Marina Bermisheva
- Ufa Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa, Russia
| | - Amie M. Blanco
- University of California San Francisco, Cancer Genetics and Prevention Program, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Carl Blomqvist
- University of Helsinki, Department of Oncology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Örebro University Hospital, Department of Oncology, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Natalia V. Bogdanova
- N.N. Alexandrov Research Institute of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Minsk, Belarus
- Hannover Medical School, Department of Radiation Oncology, Hannover, Germany
- Hannover Medical School, Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover, Germany
| | - Anders Bojesen
- Aarhus University Hospital, Department of Clinical Genetics, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Stig E. Bojesen
- Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
- Copenhagen University Hospital, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
- University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bernardo Bonanni
- IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, Milan, Italy
| | - Ake Borg
- Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Department of Oncology, Lund, Sweden
| | - Angela F. Brady
- London North West University Hospitals NHS Trust, Northwick Park Hospital, North West Thames Regional Genetics Service, Kennedy Galton Centre, Harrow, UK
| | - Hiltrud Brauch
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
- University of Tübingen, iFIT-Cluster of Excellence, Tübingen, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hermann Brenner
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Division of Preventive Oncology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Brüning
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Barbara Burwinkel
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Molecular Epidemiology Group, C080 Heidelberg, Germany
- University of Heidelberg, Molecular Biology of Breast Cancer, University Womens Clinic Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Saundra S. Buys
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Department of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT USA
| | - Trinidad Caldés
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Almuth Caliebe
- University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Institute of Human Genetics, Kiel, Germany
| | - Maria A. Caligo
- University Hospital of Pisa, Section of Molecular Genetics, Dept. of Laboratory Medicine, Pisa, Italy
| | - Daniele Campa
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Heidelberg, Germany
- University of Pisa, Department of Biology, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ian G. Campbell
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, Research Division, Melbourne, VIC Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Federico Canzian
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Genomic Epidemiology Group, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jose E. Castelao
- Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria Galicia Sur (IISGS), Xerencia de Xestion Integrada de Vigo-SERGAS, Oncology and Genetics Unit, Vigo, Spain
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Heidelberg, Germany
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Cancer Epidemiology Group, University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stephen J. Chanock
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Bethesda, MD USA
| | | | - Christine L. Clarke
- University of Sydney, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Anita Collavoli
- University and University Hospital of Pisa, Section of Genetic Oncology, Dept. of Laboratory Medicine, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - David G. Cox
- Imperial College London, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, London, UK
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon, INSERM, U1052 Lyon, France
| | - Cezary Cybulski
- Pomeranian Medical University, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Kamila Czene
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mary B. Daly
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Department of Clinical Genetics, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Miguel de la Hoya
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Peter Devilee
- Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Pathology, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Human Genetics, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Orland Diez
- Vall d’Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Oncogenetics Group, Barcelona, Spain
- University Hospital Vall d’Hebron, Area of Clinical and Molecular Genetics, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yuan Chun Ding
- Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Department of Population Sciences, Duarte, CA USA
| | - Gillian S. Dite
- The University of Melbourne, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nina Ditsch
- Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Munich, Germany
| | - Susan M. Domchek
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Department of Medicine, Abramson Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | | | - Isabel dos-Santos-Silva
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London, UK
| | - Katarzyna Durda
- Pomeranian Medical University, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Miriam Dwek
- University of Westminster, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, London, UK
| | - Diana M. Eccles
- University of Southampton, Cancer Sciences Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK
| | - Arif B. Ekici
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - A. Heather Eliassen
- Harvard Medical School, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA USA
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Boston, MA USA
| | - Carolina Ellberg
- Lund University, Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund, Sweden
| | - Mikael Eriksson
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - D. Gareth Evans
- University of Manchester, Division of Evolution and Genomic Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester, UK
- Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester, UK
| | - Peter A. Fasching
- University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Comprehensive Cancer Center ER-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
- University of California at Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine Division of Hematology and Oncology, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Jonine Figueroa
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Bethesda, MD USA
- The University of Edinburgh Medical School, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, Edinburgh, UK
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Henrik Flyger
- Copenhagen University Hospital, Department of Breast Surgery, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - William D. Foulkes
- McGill University, Program in Cancer Genetics, Departments of Human Genetics and Oncology, Montréal, QC Canada
| | - Tara M. Friebel
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA USA
| | - Eitan Friedman
- Chaim Sheba Medical Center, The Susanne Levy Gertner Oncogenetics Unit, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Tel Aviv University, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Ramat Aviv, Israel
| | - Marike Gabrielson
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pragna Gaddam
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, Clinical Genetics Research Lab, Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, New York, NY USA
| | - Manuela Gago-Dominguez
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago, SERGAS, Genomic Medicine Group, Galician Foundation of Genomic Medicine, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- University of California San Diego, Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Chi Gao
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Boston, MA USA
| | - Susan M. Gapstur
- American Cancer Society, Epidemiology Research Program, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Judy Garber
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Cancer Risk and Prevention Clinic, Boston, MA USA
| | - Montserrat García-Closas
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - José A. García-Sáenz
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mia M. Gaudet
- American Cancer Society, Epidemiology Research Program, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Simon A. Gayther
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, The Center for Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Graham G. Giles
- The University of Melbourne, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Cancer Council Victoria, Cancer Epidemiology Division, Melbourne, VIC Australia
- Monash University, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Gord Glendon
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Fred A. Litwin Center for Cancer Genetics, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Andrew K. Godwin
- Kansas University Medical Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kansas City, KS USA
| | - Mark S. Goldberg
- McGill University, Department of Medicine, Montréal, QC Canada
- McGill University, Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Royal Victoria Hospital, Montréal, QC Canada
| | - David E. Goldgar
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Salt Lake City, UT USA
| | - Pascal Guénel
- INSERM, University Paris-Sud, University Paris-Saclay, Cancer & Environment Group, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), Villejuif, France
| | - Angelica M. Gutierrez-Barrera
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Breast Medical Oncology and Clinical Genetics Program, Houston, TX USA
| | - Lothar Haeberle
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christopher A. Haiman
- University of Southern California, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Niclas Håkansson
- Karolinska Institutet, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Hall
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Stockholm, Sweden
- Södersjukhuset, Department of Oncology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ute Hamann
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Patricia A. Harrington
- University of Cambridge, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alexander Hein
- University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Comprehensive Cancer Center ER-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jane Heyworth
- The University of Western Australia, School of Population and Global Health, Perth, WA Australia
| | - Peter Hillemanns
- Hannover Medical School, Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover, Germany
| | - Antoinette Hollestelle
- Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Department of Medical Oncology, Family Cancer Clinic, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - John L. Hopper
- The University of Melbourne, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - H. Dean Hosgood
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Bronx, NY USA
| | - Anthony Howell
- University of Manchester, Division of Cancer Sciences, Manchester, UK
| | - Chunling Hu
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Rochester, MN USA
| | - Peter J. Hulick
- NorthShore University HealthSystem, Center for Medical Genetics, Evanston, IL USA
- The University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA
| | - David J. Hunter
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Boston, MA USA
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Boston, MA USA
- University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Population Health, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Claudine Isaacs
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC USA
| | - Milena Jakimovska
- Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Research Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology ‘Georgi D. Efremov’, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Anna Jakubowska
- Pomeranian Medical University, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Szczecin, Poland
- Pomeranian Medical University, Independent Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetic Diagnostics, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Paul James
- The University of Melbourne, Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, Melbourne, VIC Australia
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, Parkville Familial Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Ramunas Janavicius
- Vilnius University Hospital Santariskiu Clinics, Hematology, oncology and transfusion medicine center, Dept. of Molecular and Regenerative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania
- State Research Institute Innovative Medicine Center, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Wolfgang Janni
- University Hospital Ulm, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Ulm, Germany
| | - Esther M. John
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine (Oncology) and Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Michael E. Jones
- The Institute of Cancer Research, Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, London, UK
| | - Audrey Jung
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rudolf Kaaks
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Beth Y. Karlan
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Women’s Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Elza Khusnutdinova
- Ufa Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa, Russia
- Bashkir State Medical University, Department of Medical Genetics, Ufa, Russia
| | - Cari M. Kitahara
- National Cancer Institute, Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Irene Konstantopoulou
- National Centre for Scientific Research ‘Demokritos’, Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, INRASTES, Athens, Greece
| | - Stella Koutros
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Peter Kraft
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Boston, MA USA
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Boston, MA USA
| | - Diether Lambrechts
- VIB, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, Belgium
- University of Leuven, Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Conxi Lazaro
- IDIBELL (Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute),Catalan Institute of Oncology, CIBERONC, Molecular Diagnostic Unit, Hereditary Cancer Program, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Loic Le Marchand
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Epidemiology Program, Honolulu, HI USA
| | - Jenny Lester
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Women’s Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Fabienne Lesueur
- Inserm U900, Genetic Epidemiology of Cancer team, Paris, France
- PSL University, Paris, France
- Institut Curie, Paris, France
- Mines ParisTech, Fontainebleau, France
| | - Jenna Lilyquist
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Health Sciences Research, Rochester, MN USA
| | - Jennifer T. Loud
- National Cancer Institute, Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Karen H. Lu
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Clinical Cancer Genetics Program, Houston, TX USA
| | - Robert N. Luben
- University of Cambridge, Clinical Gerontology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jan Lubinski
- Pomeranian Medical University, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Arto Mannermaa
- University of Eastern Finland, Translational Cancer Research Area, Kuopio, Finland
- University of Eastern Finland, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Kuopio, Finland
- Kuopio University Hospital, Imaging Center, Department of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mehdi Manoochehri
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Siranoush Manoukian
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Unit of Medical Genetics, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Margolin
- Södersjukhuset, Department of Oncology, Stockholm, Sweden
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - John W. M. Martens
- Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Department of Medical Oncology, Family Cancer Clinic, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tabea Maurer
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Cancer Epidemiology Group, University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dimitrios Mavroudis
- University Hospital of Heraklion, Department of Medical Oncology, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Noura Mebirouk
- Inserm U900, Genetic Epidemiology of Cancer team, Paris, France
- PSL University, Paris, France
- Institut Curie, Paris, France
- Mines ParisTech, Fontainebleau, France
| | - Alfons Meindl
- Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Munich, Germany
| | - Usha Menon
- University College London, MRC Clinical Trials Unit at UCL, Institute of Clinical Trials & Methodology, London, UK
| | - Austin Miller
- Roswell Park Cancer Institute, NRG Oncology, Clinical Trials Development Division, Buffalo, NY USA
| | - Marco Montagna
- Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Padua, Italy
| | - Katherine L. Nathanson
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Department of Medicine, Abramson Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Susan L. Neuhausen
- Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Department of Population Sciences, Duarte, CA USA
| | - William G. Newman
- University of Manchester, Division of Evolution and Genomic Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester, UK
- Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester, UK
| | - Tu Nguyen-Dumont
- Monash University, Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Clayton, VIC Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Department of Clinical Pathology, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Finn Cilius Nielsen
- Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Center for Genomic Medicine, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sarah Nielsen
- The University of Chicago, Center for Clinical Cancer Genetics, Chicago, IL USA
| | | | - Kenneth Offit
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, Clinical Genetics Research Lab, Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, New York, NY USA
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, Clinical Genetics Service, Department of Medicine, New York, NY USA
| | - Edith Olah
- National Institute of Oncology, Department of Molecular Genetics, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Andrew F. Olshan
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Epidemiology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Janet E. Olson
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Health Sciences Research, Rochester, MN USA
| | - Håkan Olsson
- Lund University, Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ana Osorio
- Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Human Genetics Group, Human Cancer Genetics Programme, Madrid, Spain
- Spanish Network on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Ottini
- University La Sapienza, Department of Molecular Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - Bernard Peissel
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Unit of Medical Genetics, Milan, Italy
| | - Ana Peixoto
- Portuguese Oncology Institute, Department of Genetics, Porto, Portugal
| | - Julian Peto
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London, UK
| | - Dijana Plaseska-Karanfilska
- Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Research Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology ‘Georgi D. Efremov’, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Timea Pocza
- National Institute of Oncology, Department of Molecular Genetics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nadege Presneau
- University of Westminster, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, London, UK
| | - Miquel Angel Pujana
- IDIBELL (Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute),Catalan Institute of Oncology, CIBERONC, ProCURE, Oncobell, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kevin Punie
- Leuven Cancer Institute, University Hospitals Leuven, Multidisciplinary Breast Center, Department of General Medical Oncology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Brigitte Rack
- University Hospital Ulm, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Muhammad U. Rashid
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, Heidelberg, Germany
- Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre (SKMCH & RC), Department of Basic Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Rohini Rau-Murthy
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, Clinical Genetics Service, Department of Medicine, New York, NY USA
| | - Gad Rennert
- Carmel Medical Center and Technion Faculty of Medicine, Clalit National Cancer Control Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Flavio Lejbkowicz
- Carmel Medical Center and Technion Faculty of Medicine, Clalit National Cancer Control Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Valerie Rhenius
- University of Cambridge, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Atocha Romero
- Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Medical Oncology Department, Madrid, Spain
| | - Matti A. Rookus
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Department of Epidemiology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eric A. Ross
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Facility, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Maria Rossing
- Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Center for Genomic Medicine, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vilius Rudaitis
- Vilnius University, Medical Faculty, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Matthias Ruebner
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Kristin Sanden
- University of Wisconsin, Cancer Center at ProHealth Care, Waukesha, WI USA
| | - Marta Santamariña
- Spanish Network on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
- Fundación Pública Galega Medicina Xenómica, Santiago De Compostela, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago De Compostela, Spain
| | - Maren T. Scheuner
- University of California San Francisco, Cancer Genetics and Prevention Program, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Rita K. Schmutzler
- University Hospital of Cologne, Center for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Cologne, Germany
- University of Cologne, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael Schneider
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christopher Scott
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Health Sciences Research, Rochester, MN USA
| | - Leigha Senter
- The Ohio State University, Clinical Cancer Genetics Program, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, The Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH USA
| | - Mitul Shah
- University of Cambridge, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Priyanka Sharma
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Oncology, Westwood, KS USA
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Jacques Simard
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec – Université Laval, Research Center, Genomics Center, Québec City, QC Canada
| | - Christian F. Singer
- Medical University of Vienna, Dept of OB/GYN and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christof Sohn
- University of Heidelberg, National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Penny Soucy
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec – Université Laval, Research Center, Genomics Center, Québec City, QC Canada
| | - Melissa C. Southey
- Monash University, Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Clayton, VIC Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Department of Clinical Pathology, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - John J. Spinelli
- BC Cancer, Population Oncology, Vancouver, BC Canada
- University of British Columbia, School of Population and Public Health, Vancouver, BC Canada
| | - Linda Steele
- Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Department of Population Sciences, Duarte, CA USA
| | - Dominique Stoppa-Lyonnet
- Institut Curie, Service de Génétique, Paris, France
- INSERM U830, Department of Tumour Biology, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | | | - Manuel R. Teixeira
- Portuguese Oncology Institute, Department of Genetics, Porto, Portugal
- University of Porto, Biomedical Sciences Institute (ICBAS), Porto, Portugal
| | - Mary Beth Terry
- Columbia University, Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY USA
| | - Mads Thomassen
- Odense University Hospital, Department of Clinical Genetics, Odence C, Denmark
| | - Jennifer Thompson
- NorthShore University HealthSystem, Center for Medical Genetics, Evanston, IL USA
| | - Darcy L. Thull
- Magee-Womens Hospital, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Marc Tischkowitz
- McGill University, Program in Cancer Genetics, Departments of Human Genetics and Oncology, Montréal, QC Canada
- University of Cambridge, Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rob A.E.M. Tollenaar
- Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Diana Torres
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, Heidelberg, Germany
- Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Institute of Human Genetics, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Melissa A. Troester
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Epidemiology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Thérèse Truong
- INSERM, University Paris-Sud, University Paris-Saclay, Cancer & Environment Group, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), Villejuif, France
| | - Nadine Tung
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Medical Oncology, Boston, MA USA
| | - Michael Untch
- Helios Clinics Berlin-Buch, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Celine M. Vachon
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Health Sciences Research, Rochester, MN USA
| | | | - Elke M. van Veen
- University of Manchester, Division of Evolution and Genomic Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester, UK
- Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester, UK
| | - Ana Vega
- Spanish Network on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
- Fundación Pública Galega Medicina Xenómica, Santiago De Compostela, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago De Compostela, Spain
| | - Alessandra Viel
- Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Division of Functional onco-genomics and genetics, Aviano, Italy
| | - Barbara Wappenschmidt
- University Hospital of Cologne, Center for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Cologne, Germany
- University of Cologne, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Camilla Wendt
- Södersjukhuset, Department of Oncology, Stockholm, Sweden
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Greet Wieme
- Ghent University, Centre for Medical Genetics, Gent, Belgium
| | - Alicja Wolk
- Karolinska Institutet, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
- Uppsala University, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Xiaohong R. Yang
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Argyrios Ziogas
- University of California Irvine, Department of Epidemiology, Genetic Epidemiology Research Institute, Irvine, CA USA
| | - Kristin K. Zorn
- Magee-Womens Hospital, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Alison M. Dunning
- University of Cambridge, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Michael Lush
- University of Cambridge, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Cambridge, UK
| | - Qin Wang
- University of Cambridge, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lesley McGuffog
- University of Cambridge, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Cambridge, UK
| | - Michael T. Parsons
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, Brisbane, QLD Australia
| | - Paul D. P. Pharoah
- University of Cambridge, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Cambridge, UK
- University of Cambridge, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Florentia Fostira
- National Centre for Scientific Research ‘Demokritos’, Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, INRASTES, Athens, Greece
| | - Amanda E. Toland
- The Ohio State University, Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Columbus, OH USA
| | - Irene L. Andrulis
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Fred A. Litwin Center for Cancer Genetics, Toronto, ON Canada
- University of Toronto, Department of Molecular Genetics, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Susan J. Ramus
- University of NSW Sydney, School of Women’s and Children’s Health, Faculty of Medicine, Sydney, NSW Australia
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Anthony J. Swerdlow
- The Institute of Cancer Research, Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, London, UK
- The Institute of Cancer Research, Division of Breast Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Mark H. Greene
- National Cancer Institute, Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Wendy K. Chung
- Columbia University, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, New York, NY USA
| | - Roger L. Milne
- The University of Melbourne, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Cancer Council Victoria, Cancer Epidemiology Division, Melbourne, VIC Australia
- Monash University, Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Clayton, VIC Australia
| | - Georgia Chenevix-Trench
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, Brisbane, QLD Australia
| | - Thilo Dörk
- Hannover Medical School, Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover, Germany
| | - Marjanka K. Schmidt
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Division of Molecular Pathology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek hospital, Division of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Douglas F. Easton
- University of Cambridge, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Cambridge, UK
- University of Cambridge, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Paolo Radice
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Unit of Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk and Genetic Testing, Department of Research, Milan, Italy
| | - Eric Hahnen
- University Hospital of Cologne, Center for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Cologne, Germany
- University of Cologne, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Cologne, Germany
| | - Antonis C. Antoniou
- University of Cambridge, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Cambridge, UK
| | - Fergus J. Couch
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Rochester, MN USA
| | - Heli Nevanlinna
- University of Helsinki, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jordi Surrallés
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona Spain
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Sant Pau Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Genetics, Sant Pau Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paolo Peterlongo
- IFOM - the FIRC Institute for Molecular Oncology, Genome Diagnostics Program, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rizzolo P, Silvestri V, Bucalo A, Zelli V, Valentini V, Catucci I, Zanna I, Masala G, Bianchi S, Spinelli AM, Tommasi S, Tibiletti MG, Russo A, Varesco L, Coppa A, Calistri D, Cortesi L, Viel A, Bonanni B, Azzollini J, Manoukian S, Montagna M, Radice P, Palli D, Peterlongo P, Ottini L. Contribution of MUTYH Variants to Male Breast Cancer Risk: Results From a Multicenter Study in Italy. Front Oncol 2018; 8:583. [PMID: 30564557 PMCID: PMC6288482 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inherited mutations in BRCA1, and, mainly, BRCA2 genes are associated with increased risk of male breast cancer (MBC). Mutations in PALB2 and CHEK2 genes may also increase MBC risk. Overall, these genes are functionally linked to DNA repair pathways, highlighting the central role of genome maintenance in MBC genetic predisposition. MUTYH is a DNA repair gene whose biallelic germline variants cause MUTYH-associated polyposis (MAP) syndrome. Monoallelic MUTYH variants have been reported in families with both colorectal and breast cancer and there is some evidence on increased breast cancer risk in women with monoallelic variants. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether MUTYH germline variants may contribute to MBC susceptibility. To this aim, we screened the entire coding region of MUTYH in 503 BRCA1/2 mutation negative MBC cases by multigene panel analysis. Moreover, we genotyped selected variants, including p.Tyr179Cys, p.Gly396Asp, p.Arg245His, p.Gly264Trpfs*7, and p.Gln338His, in a total of 560 MBC cases and 1,540 male controls. Biallelic MUTYH pathogenic variants (p.Tyr179Cys/p.Arg241Trp) were identified in one MBC patient with phenotypic manifestation of adenomatous polyposis. Monoallelic pathogenic variants were identified in 14 (2.5%) MBC patients, in particular, p.Tyr179Cys was detected in seven cases, p.Gly396Asp in five cases, p.Arg245His and p.Gly264Trpfs*7 in one case each. The majority of MBC cases with MUTYH pathogenic variants had family history of cancer including breast, colorectal, and gastric cancers. In the case-control study, an association between the variant p.Tyr179Cys and increased MBC risk emerged by multivariate analysis [odds ratio (OR) = 4.54; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.17-17.58; p = 0.028]. Overall, our study suggests that MUTYH pathogenic variants may have a role in MBC and, in particular, the p.Tyr179Cys variant may be a low/moderate penetrance risk allele for MBC. Moreover, our results suggest that MBC may be part of the tumor spectrum associated with MAP syndrome, with implication in the clinical management of patients and their relatives. Large-scale collaborative studies are needed to validate these findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Piera Rizzolo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Agostino Bucalo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Veronica Zelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Virginia Valentini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Irene Catucci
- Genome Diagnostics Program, IFOM - The FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Ines Zanna
- Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy
| | - Giovanna Masala
- Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy
| | - Simonetta Bianchi
- Division of Pathological Anatomy, Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Stefania Tommasi
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Tibiletti
- Dipartimento di Patologia, ASST Settelaghi and Centro di Ricerca per lo studio dei tumori eredo-familiari, Università dell'Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Antonio Russo
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Surgical and Oncological Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Anna Coppa
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Calistri
- Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST), Meldola, Italy
| | - Laura Cortesi
- Department of Oncology and Haematology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Alessandra Viel
- Unità di Oncogenetica e Oncogenomica Funzionale, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Bernardo Bonanni
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Jacopo Azzollini
- Unità di Genetica Medica, Dipartimento di Oncologia Medica ed Ematologia, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori (INT), Milan, Italy
| | - Siranoush Manoukian
- Unità di Genetica Medica, Dipartimento di Oncologia Medica ed Ematologia, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori (INT), Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Montagna
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Paolo Radice
- Unità di Ricerca Medicina Predittiva: Basi molecolari Rischio genetico e Test genetici, Dipartimento di Ricerca, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori (INT), Milan, Italy
| | - Domenico Palli
- Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy
| | - Paolo Peterlongo
- Genome Diagnostics Program, IFOM - The FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Ottini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Caleca L, Catucci I, Figlioli G, De Cecco L, Pesaran T, Ward M, Volorio S, Falanga A, Marchetti M, Iascone M, Tondini C, Zambelli A, Azzollini J, Manoukian S, Radice P, Peterlongo P. Two Missense Variants Detected in Breast Cancer Probands Preventing BRCA2-PALB2 Protein Interaction. Front Oncol 2018; 8:480. [PMID: 30410870 PMCID: PMC6210650 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PALB2 (partner and localizer of BRCA2) was initially identified as a binding partner of BRCA2. It interacts also with BRCA1 forming a complex promoting DNA repair by homologous recombination. Germline pathogenic variants in BRCA1, BRCA2 and PALB2 DNA repair genes are associated with high risk of developing breast cancer. Mutation screening in these breast cancer predisposition genes is routinely performed and allows the identification of individuals who carry pathogenic variants and are at risk of developing the disease. However, variants of uncertain significance (VUSs) are often detected and establishing their pathogenicity and clinical relevance remains a central challenge for the risk assessment of the carriers and the clinical decision-making process. Many of these VUSs are missense variants leading to single amino acid substitutions, whose impact on protein function is uncertain. Typically, VUSs are rare and due to the limited genetic, clinical, and pathological data the multifactorial approaches used for classification cannot be applied. Thus, these variants can only be characterized through functional analyses comparing their effect with that of normal and mutant gene products used as positive and negative controls. The two missense variants BRCA2:c.91T >G (p.Trp31Gly) and PALB2:c.3262C >T (p.Pro1088Ser) were detected in two breast cancer probands originally ascertained at Breast Cancer Units of Institutes located in Milan and Bergamo (Northern Italy), respectively. These variants were located in the BRCA2-PALB2 interacting domains, were predicted to be deleterious by in silico analyses, and were very rare and clinically not classified. Therefore, we initiate to study their functional effect by exploiting a green fluorescent protein (GFP)-reassembly in vitro assay specifically designed to test the BRCA2-PALB2 interaction. This functional assay proved to be easy to develop, robust and reliable. It also allows testing variants located in different genes. Results from these functional analyses showed that the BRCA2:p.Trp31Gly and the PALB2:p.Pro1088Ser prevented the BRCA2-PALB2 binding. While caution is warranted when the interpretation of the clinical significance of rare VUSs is based on functional studies only, our data provide initial evidences in favor of the possibility that these variants are pathogenic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Caleca
- Unit of Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk and Genetic Testing, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Irene Catucci
- Genome Diagnostics Program, IFOM the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Gisella Figlioli
- Genome Diagnostics Program, IFOM the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Loris De Cecco
- Platform of Integrated Biology, Department of Applied Research and Technology Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Tina Pesaran
- Ambry Genetics, Department of Clinical Diagnostics, Aliso Viejo, CA, United States
| | - Maggie Ward
- Cancer Outreach and Risk Assessment, Via Christi Hospitals, Wichita, KS, United States
| | - Sara Volorio
- IFOM, Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, Milan, Italy.,Cogentech Cancer Genetics Test Laboratory, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Falanga
- Department of Immunohematology and Transfusion Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | | | - Maria Iascone
- USSD Laboratorio Genetica Medica, Azienda Ospedaliera Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Carlo Tondini
- Unit of Medical Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliera Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Alberto Zambelli
- Unit of Medical Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliera Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Jacopo Azzollini
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Siranoush Manoukian
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Radice
- Unit of Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk and Genetic Testing, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Peterlongo
- Genome Diagnostics Program, IFOM the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Southey MC, Goldgar DE, Winqvist R, Pylkäs K, Couch F, Tischkowitz M, Foulkes WD, Dennis J, Michailidou K, van Rensburg EJ, Heikkinen T, Nevanlinna H, Hopper JL, Dörk T, Claes KB, Reis-Filho J, Teo ZL, Radice P, Catucci I, Peterlongo P, Tsimiklis H, Odefrey FA, Dowty JG, Schmidt MK, Broeks A, Hogervorst FB, Verhoef S, Carpenter J, Clarke C, Scott RJ, Fasching PA, Haeberle L, Ekici AB, Beckmann MW, Peto J, Dos-Santos-Silva I, Fletcher O, Johnson N, Bolla MK, Sawyer EJ, Tomlinson I, Kerin MJ, Miller N, Marme F, Burwinkel B, Yang R, Guénel P, Truong T, Menegaux F, Sanchez M, Bojesen S, Nielsen SF, Flyger H, Benitez J, Zamora MP, Perez JIA, Menéndez P, Anton-Culver H, Neuhausen S, Ziogas A, Clarke CA, Brenner H, Arndt V, Stegmaier C, Brauch H, Brüning T, Ko YD, Muranen TA, Aittomäki K, Blomqvist C, Bogdanova NV, Antonenkova NN, Lindblom A, Margolin S, Mannermaa A, Kataja V, Kosma VM, Hartikainen JM, Spurdle AB, Investigators KC, Wauters E, Smeets D, Beuselinck B, Floris G, Chang-Claude J, Rudolph A, Seibold P, Flesch-Janys D, Olson JE, Vachon C, Pankratz VS, McLean C, Haiman CA, Henderson BE, Schumacher F, Le Marchand L, Kristensen V, Alnæs GG, Zheng W, Hunter DJ, Lindstrom S, Hankinson SE, Kraft P, Andrulis I, Knight JA, Glendon G, Mulligan AM, Jukkola-Vuorinen A, Grip M, Kauppila S, Devilee P, Tollenaar RAEM, Seynaeve C, Hollestelle A, Garcia-Closas M, Figueroa J, Chanock SJ, Lissowska J, Czene K, Darabi H, Eriksson M, Eccles DM, Rafiq S, Tapper WJ, Gerty SM, Hooning MJ, Martens JWM, Collée JM, Tilanus-Linthorst M, Hall P, Li J, Brand JS, Humphreys K, Cox A, Reed MWR, Luccarini C, Baynes C, Dunning AM, Hamann U, Torres D, Ulmer HU, Rüdiger T, Jakubowska A, Lubinski J, Jaworska K, Durda K, Slager S, Toland AE, Ambrosone CB, Yannoukakos D, Swerdlow A, Ashworth A, Orr N, Jones M, González-Neira A, Pita G, Alonso MR, Álvarez N, Herrero D, Tessier DC, Vincent D, Bacot F, Simard J, Dumont M, Soucy P, Eeles R, Muir K, Wiklund F, Gronberg H, Schleutker J, Nordestgaard BG, Weischer M, Travis RC, Neal D, Donovan JL, Hamdy FC, Khaw KT, Stanford JL, Blot WJ, Thibodeau S, Schaid DJ, Kelley JL, Maier C, Kibel AS, Cybulski C, Cannon-Albright L, Butterbach K, Park J, Kaneva R, Batra J, Teixeira MR, Kote-Jarai Z, Olama AAA, Benlloch S, Renner SP, Hartmann A, Hein A, Ruebner M, Lambrechts D, Van Nieuwenhuysen E, Vergote I, Lambretchs S, Doherty JA, Rossing MA, Nickels S, Eilber U, Wang-Gohrke S, Odunsi K, Sucheston-Campbell LE, Friel G, Lurie G, Killeen JL, Wilkens LR, Goodman MT, Runnebaum I, Hillemanns PA, Pelttari LM, Butzow R, Modugno F, Edwards RP, Ness RB, Moysich KB, du Bois A, Heitz F, Harter P, Kommoss S, Karlan BY, Walsh C, Lester J, Jensen A, Kjaer SK, Høgdall E, Peissel B, Bonanni B, Bernard L, Goode EL, Fridley BL, Vierkant RA, Cunningham JM, Larson MC, Fogarty ZC, Kalli KR, Liang D, Lu KH, Hildebrandt MAT, Wu X, Levine DA, Dao F, Bisogna M, Berchuck A, Iversen ES, Marks JR, Akushevich L, Cramer DW, Schildkraut J, Terry KL, Poole EM, Stampfer M, Tworoger SS, Bandera EV, Orlow I, Olson SH, Bjorge L, Salvesen HB, van Altena AM, Aben KKH, Kiemeney LA, Massuger LFAG, Pejovic T, Bean Y, Brooks-Wilson A, Kelemen LE, Cook LS, Le ND, Górski B, Gronwald J, Menkiszak J, Høgdall CK, Lundvall L, Nedergaard L, Engelholm SA, Dicks E, Tyrer J, Campbell I, McNeish I, Paul J, Siddiqui N, Glasspool R, Whittemore AS, Rothstein JH, McGuire V, Sieh W, Cai H, Shu XO, Teten RT, Sutphen R, McLaughlin JR, Narod SA, Phelan CM, Monteiro AN, Fenstermacher D, Lin HY, Permuth JB, Sellers TA, Chen YA, Tsai YY, Chen Z, Gentry-Maharaj A, Gayther SA, Ramus SJ, Menon U, Wu AH, Pearce CL, Van Den Berg D, Pike MC, Dansonka-Mieszkowska A, Plisiecka-Halasa J, Moes-Sosnowska J, Kupryjanczyk J, Pharoah PD, Song H, Winship I, Chenevix-Trench G, Giles GG, Tavtigian SV, Easton DF, Milne RL. PALB2, CHEK2 and ATM rare variants and cancer risk: data from COGS. J Med Genet 2016; 53:800-811. [PMID: 27595995 PMCID: PMC5200636 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2016-103839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rarity of mutations in PALB2, CHEK2 and ATM make it difficult to estimate precisely associated cancer risks. Population-based family studies have provided evidence that at least some of these mutations are associated with breast cancer risk as high as those associated with rare BRCA2 mutations. We aimed to estimate the relative risks associated with specific rare variants in PALB2, CHEK2 and ATM via a multicentre case-control study. METHODS We genotyped 10 rare mutations using the custom iCOGS array: PALB2 c.1592delT, c.2816T>G and c.3113G>A, CHEK2 c.349A>G, c.538C>T, c.715G>A, c.1036C>T, c.1312G>T, and c.1343T>G and ATM c.7271T>G. We assessed associations with breast cancer risk (42 671 cases and 42 164 controls), as well as prostate (22 301 cases and 22 320 controls) and ovarian (14 542 cases and 23 491 controls) cancer risk, for each variant. RESULTS For European women, strong evidence of association with breast cancer risk was observed for PALB2 c.1592delT OR 3.44 (95% CI 1.39 to 8.52, p=7.1×10-5), PALB2 c.3113G>A OR 4.21 (95% CI 1.84 to 9.60, p=6.9×10-8) and ATM c.7271T>G OR 11.0 (95% CI 1.42 to 85.7, p=0.0012). We also found evidence of association with breast cancer risk for three variants in CHEK2, c.349A>G OR 2.26 (95% CI 1.29 to 3.95), c.1036C>T OR 5.06 (95% CI 1.09 to 23.5) and c.538C>T OR 1.33 (95% CI 1.05 to 1.67) (p≤0.017). Evidence for prostate cancer risk was observed for CHEK2 c.1343T>G OR 3.03 (95% CI 1.53 to 6.03, p=0.0006) for African men and CHEK2 c.1312G>T OR 2.21 (95% CI 1.06 to 4.63, p=0.030) for European men. No evidence of association with ovarian cancer was found for any of these variants. CONCLUSIONS This report adds to accumulating evidence that at least some variants in these genes are associated with an increased risk of breast cancer that is clinically important.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa C Southey
- Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Robert Winqvist
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Nordlab Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Katri Pylkäs
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Nordlab Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Fergus Couch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Marc Tischkowitz
- Department of Medical Genetics and National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, and the Department of Clinical Genetics, East Anglian Regional Genetics Service, Addenbrooke's Hospital
| | - William D Foulkes
- Program in Cancer Genetics, Department of Human Genetics and Oncology, Lady Davis Institute, and Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Joe Dennis
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Laboratory, Worts Causeway, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kyriaki Michailidou
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Laboratory, Worts Causeway, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Tuomas Heikkinen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heli Nevanlinna
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - John L Hopper
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Thilo Dörk
- Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kathleen Bm Claes
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jorge Reis-Filho
- Department of Pathology and Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Zhi Ling Teo
- Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Paolo Radice
- Unit of Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk and Genetic Testing, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori (INT), Milan, Italy
| | - Irene Catucci
- IFOM, the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Helen Tsimiklis
- Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Fabrice A Odefrey
- Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - James G Dowty
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Marjanka K Schmidt
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annegien Broeks
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frans B Hogervorst
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Senno Verhoef
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jane Carpenter
- Australian Breast Cancer Tissue Bank, University of Sydney at the Westmead Institute for Medical Research, NSW, Australia
| | - Christine Clarke
- Centre for Cancer Research, University of Sydney at the Westmead Institute for Medical Research, NSW, Australia
| | - Rodney J Scott
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Pathology North, Newcastle and University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Peter A Fasching
- University Breast Center Franconia, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California at Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lothar Haeberle
- University Breast Center Franconia, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
- Unit of Biostatistics, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arif B Ekici
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthias W Beckmann
- University Breast Center Franconia, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Julian Peto
- Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Isabel Dos-Santos-Silva
- Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Olivia Fletcher
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Nichola Johnson
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Manjeet K Bolla
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Laboratory, Worts Causeway, Cambridge, UK
| | - Elinor J Sawyer
- Division of Cancer Studies, NIHR Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre, Guy's & St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust in partnership with King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ian Tomlinson
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics and Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, UK and Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Headington, OX3 7LE
| | - Michael J Kerin
- Surgery, Lambe Institute for Translational Science, NUIGalway, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Nicola Miller
- Surgery, Lambe Institute for Translational Science, NUIGalway, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Federik Marme
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Barbara Burwinkel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Molecular Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rongxi Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Molecular Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pascal Guénel
- Inserm (National Institute of Health and Medical Research), CESP (Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health), U1018, Environmental Epidemiology of Cancer, Villejuif, France
- University Paris-Sud, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France
| | - Thérèse Truong
- Inserm (National Institute of Health and Medical Research), CESP (Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health), U1018, Environmental Epidemiology of Cancer, Villejuif, France
- University Paris-Sud, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France
| | - Florence Menegaux
- Inserm (National Institute of Health and Medical Research), CESP (Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health), U1018, Environmental Epidemiology of Cancer, Villejuif, France
- University Paris-Sud, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France
| | - Marie Sanchez
- Inserm (National Institute of Health and Medical Research), CESP (Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health), U1018, Environmental Epidemiology of Cancer, Villejuif, France
- University Paris-Sud, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France
| | - Stig Bojesen
- Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sune F Nielsen
- Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik Flyger
- Department of Breast Surgery, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Javier Benitez
- Human Genetics Group, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain
| | - M Pilar Zamora
- Servicio de Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Hoda Anton-Culver
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Susan Neuhausen
- Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Argyrios Ziogas
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | | | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Volker Arndt
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Hiltrud Brauch
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart
- University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Brüning
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University, Bochum (IPA), Germany
| | - Yon-Dschun Ko
- Department of Internal Medicine, Evangelische Kliniken Bonn gGmbH, Johanniter Krankenhaus, Bonn, Germany
| | - Taru A Muranen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kristiina Aittomäki
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Carl Blomqvist
- Department of Oncology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Natalia V Bogdanova
- Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Natalia N Antonenkova
- N.N. Alexandrov Research Institute of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Annika Lindblom
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sara Margolin
- Department of Oncology - Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Arto Mannermaa
- School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, and Cancer Center of Eastern Finland, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Imaging Center, Department of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Vesa Kataja
- School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oncology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Biocenter Kuopio, Cancer Center of Eastern Finland, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Veli-Matti Kosma
- School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, and Cancer Center of Eastern Finland, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Imaging Center, Department of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jaana M Hartikainen
- School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, and Cancer Center of Eastern Finland, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Imaging Center, Department of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - kConFab Investigators
- Research Department, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Els Wauters
- Vesalius Research Center (VRC), VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dominiek Smeets
- Vesalius Research Center (VRC), VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anja Rudolph
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Petra Seibold
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dieter Flesch-Janys
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology/Clinical Cancer Registry and Institute for Medical Biometrics and Epidemiology, University Clinic Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Janet E Olson
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Celine Vachon
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Vernon S Pankratz
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Catriona McLean
- Anatomical Pathology, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Christopher A Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Brian E Henderson
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Fredrick Schumacher
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Loic Le Marchand
- Epidemiology Program, Cancer Research Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Vessela Kristensen
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine (Faculty Division Ahus), University of Oslo (UiO), Norway
| | - Grethe Grenaker Alnæs
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - David J Hunter
- Program in Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sara Lindstrom
- Program in Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Susan E Hankinson
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter Kraft
- Program in Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Irene Andrulis
- Ontario Cancer Genetics Network, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Julia A Knight
- Prosserman Centre for Health Research, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Epidemiology, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gord Glendon
- Ontario Cancer Genetics Network, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anna Marie Mulligan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Mervi Grip
- Department of Surgery, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Saila Kauppila
- Department of Pathology, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Peter Devilee
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Robert A E M Tollenaar
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline Seynaeve
- Family Cancer Clinic, Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC-Daniel den Hoed Cancer Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Oncology, Family Cancer Clinic, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Antoinette Hollestelle
- Family Cancer Clinic, Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC-Daniel den Hoed Cancer Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Oncology, Family Cancer Clinic, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Montserrat Garcia-Closas
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Jonine Figueroa
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Stephen J Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Jolanta Lissowska
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, M. Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center & Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kamila Czene
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
| | - Hatef Darabi
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
| | - Mikael Eriksson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
| | - Diana M Eccles
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton (UoS), Southampton UK
| | - Sajjad Rafiq
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton (UoS), Southampton UK
| | - William J Tapper
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton (UoS), Southampton UK
| | - Sue M Gerty
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton (UoS), Southampton UK
| | - Maartje J Hooning
- Department of Medical Oncology, Family Cancer Clinic, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - John W M Martens
- Department of Medical Oncology, Family Cancer Clinic, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J Margriet Collée
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Family Cancer Clinic, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Madeleine Tilanus-Linthorst
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Family Cancer Clinic, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Per Hall
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
| | - Jingmei Li
- Human Genetics Division, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Judith S Brand
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
| | - Keith Humphreys
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
| | - Angela Cox
- Sheffield Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Malcolm W R Reed
- Sheffield Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Craig Luccarini
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Caroline Baynes
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alison M Dunning
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ute Hamann
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Diana Torres
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogota, Colombia
| | | | - Thomas Rüdiger
- Institute of Pathology, Städtisches Klinikum Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Anna Jakubowska
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jan Lubinski
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Jaworska
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
- Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Durda
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Susan Slager
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Amanda E Toland
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Drakoulis Yannoukakos
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, IRRP, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Aghia Paraskevi Attikis, Athens, Greece
| | - Anthony Swerdlow
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Division of Breast Cancer Research, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Alan Ashworth
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Nick Orr
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Michael Jones
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Anna González-Neira
- Human Genetics Group, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo Pita
- Human Genetics Group, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - M Rosario Alonso
- Human Genetics Group, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria Álvarez
- Human Genetics Group, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Herrero
- Human Genetics Group, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel C Tessier
- Centre d'innovation Genome Quebec et University McGill Montreal Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | - Jacques Simard
- Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Quebec Research Center. Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Martine Dumont
- Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Quebec Research Center. Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Penny Soucy
- Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Quebec Research Center. Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Rosalind Eeles
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK
- Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Fulham, London, SW3 6JJ, UK
| | | | - Fredrik Wiklund
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Henrik Gronberg
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johanna Schleutker
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Turku, and Tyks Microbiology and Genetics, Department of Medical Genetics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Institute of Biomedical Technology/BioMediTech, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Børge G Nordestgaard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev Ringvej 75, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark
| | - Maren Weischer
- Department of Human Genetics University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA and Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ruth C Travis
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - David Neal
- Surgical Oncology (Uro-Oncology: S4), University of Cambridge, Box 279, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, UK and Cancer Research UK Cambridge Research Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jenny L Donovan
- Professor of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, 39 Whatley Road, Bristol BS8 2PS
| | - Freddie C Hamdy
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, Old Road Campus Research Building (off Roosevelt Drive), University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7DQ
| | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- Cambridge Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Forvie Site, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0SR
| | - Janet L Stanford
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - William J Blot
- International Epidemiology Institute, 1455 Research Blvd., Suite 550, Rockville, MD 20850
| | - Stephen Thibodeau
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Daniel J Schaid
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Joseph L Kelley
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Christiane Maier
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Ulm, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics University Hospital Ulm, Germany
| | - Adam S Kibel
- Brigham and Women's Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 45 Francis Street- ASB II-3, Boston, MA 02115
- Washington University, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Cezary Cybulski
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Lisa Cannon-Albright
- Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine
| | - Katja Butterbach
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jong Park
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Dr., Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Radka Kaneva
- Molecular Medicine Center and Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University - Sofia, 2 Zdrave St, 1431, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Jyotsna Batra
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Qld, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation and Schools of Life Science and Public Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Manuel R Teixeira
- Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute, Porto, Portugal and Biomedical Sciences Institute (ICBAS), Porto University, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Ali Amin Al Olama
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Laboratory, Worts Causeway, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sara Benlloch
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Laboratory, Worts Causeway, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stefan P Renner
- University Hospital Erlangen, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Universitaetsstrasse 21-23, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arndt Hartmann
- University Hospital Erlangen, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Universitaetsstrasse 21-23, 91054 Erlangen, German
| | - Alexander Hein
- University Hospital Erlangen, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Universitaetsstrasse 21-23, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthias Ruebner
- University Hospital Erlangen, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Universitaetsstrasse 21-23, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Diether Lambrechts
- Vesalius Research Center, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Belgium
| | - Els Van Nieuwenhuysen
- Department of Epidemiology, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Ignace Vergote
- Department of Epidemiology, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Sandrina Lambretchs
- Department of Epidemiology, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Jennifer A Doherty
- Department of Epidemiology, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hannover, NH, USA
| | - Mary Anne Rossing
- Program in Epidemiology, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Stefan Nickels
- German Cancer Research Center, Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ursula Eilber
- German Cancer Research Center, Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Shan Wang-Gohrke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Kunle Odunsi
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY
| | | | - Grace Friel
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY
| | - Galina Lurie
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Hawaii, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Killeen
- Department of Pathology, Kapiolani Medical Center for Women and Children, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96826, USA
| | - Lynne R Wilkens
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Hawaii, USA
| | - Marc T Goodman
- Cancer Prevention and Control, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Community and Population Health Research Institute, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ingo Runnebaum
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Peter A Hillemanns
- Clinics of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Liisa M Pelttari
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ralf Butzow
- Department of Pathology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, 00029 HUS, Finland
| | - Francesmary Modugno
- University of Pittsburgh Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences and Ovarian Cancer Center of Excellence Pittsburgh PA USA
- University of Pittsburgh Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health and Womens Cancer Research Program, Magee-Womens Research Institute and University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute Pittsburgh PA USA
| | - Robert P Edwards
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Roberta B Ness
- The University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kirsten B Moysich
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY
| | - Andreas du Bois
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Kliniken Essen-Mitte/ Evang. Huyssens-Stiftung/ Knappschaft GmbH, Essen, Germany
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Dr. Horst Schmidt Kliniken Wiesbaden, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Florian Heitz
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Kliniken Essen-Mitte/ Evang. Huyssens-Stiftung/ Knappschaft GmbH, Essen, Germany
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Dr. Horst Schmidt Kliniken Wiesbaden, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Philipp Harter
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Kliniken Essen-Mitte/ Evang. Huyssens-Stiftung/ Knappschaft GmbH, Essen, Germany
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Dr. Horst Schmidt Kliniken Wiesbaden, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Stefan Kommoss
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Dr. Horst Schmidt Kliniken Wiesbaden, Wiesbaden, Germany
- Tuebingen University Hospital, Department of Women's Health, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Beth Y Karlan
- Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Christine Walsh
- Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jenny Lester
- Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Allan Jensen
- Department of Virus, Lifestyle and Genes, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Susanne Krüger Kjaer
- Department of Virus, Lifestyle and Genes, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Estrid Høgdall
- Department of Virus, Lifestyle and Genes, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Molecular Unit, Department of Pathology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bernard Peissel
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori (INT), Milan, Italy
| | - Bernardo Bonanni
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia (IEO), Milan, Italy
| | - Loris Bernard
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia (IEO), Milan, Italy and Cogentech Cancer Genetic Test Laboratory, Milan, Italy
| | - Ellen L Goode
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Robert A Vierkant
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Julie M Cunningham
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Melissa C Larson
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Zachary C Fogarty
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Kimberly R Kalli
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Dong Liang
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Texas Southern University, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Karen H Lu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Michelle A T Hildebrandt
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Xifeng Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Douglas A Levine
- Gynecology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Fanny Dao
- Gynecology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maria Bisogna
- Gynecology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrew Berchuck
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Edwin S Iversen
- Department of Statistical Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Marks
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Lucy Akushevich
- Cancer Prevention, Detection & Control Research Program, Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Daniel W Cramer
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Epidemiology Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joellen Schildkraut
- Cancer Prevention, Detection & Control Research Program, Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kathryn L Terry
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Epidemiology Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Poole
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Meir Stampfer
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School
| | - Shelley S Tworoger
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Elisa V Bandera
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Irene Orlow
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sara H Olson
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Line Bjorge
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Haukeland University Horpital, Bergen, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Helga B Salvesen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Haukeland University Horpital, Bergen, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anne M van Altena
- Radboud university medical center, Department of Gynaecology, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Katja K H Aben
- Radboud university medical centre, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organisation, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department of Obstetrcs & Gynecology, Oregon Health & Science University
| | - Lambertus A Kiemeney
- Radboud university medical centre, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Leon F A G Massuger
- Radboud university medical center, Department of Gynaecology, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Tanja Pejovic
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Yukie Bean
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Angela Brooks-Wilson
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC Canada
| | - Linda E Kelemen
- Department of Public Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, SC, USA
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, SC, USA
| | - Linda S Cook
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Nhu D Le
- Cancer Control Research, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Bohdan Górski
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jacek Gronwald
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Janusz Menkiszak
- Department of Gynecological Surgery and Gynecological Oncology of Adults and Adolescents, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Claus K Høgdall
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lene Lundvall
- Gyn Clinic, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lotte Nedergaard
- Department of Pathology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Ed Dicks
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research laboratory, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jonathan Tyrer
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research laboratory, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ian Campbell
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St Andrews Place, East Melbourne
| | - Iain McNeish
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow, UK
| | - James Paul
- The Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, 1053 Great Western Road, Glasgow, G12 0YN
| | - Nadeem Siddiqui
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Glasgow Royal Infirmary
| | | | - Alice S Whittemore
- Department of Health Research and Policy - Epidemiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford CA, USA
| | - Joseph H Rothstein
- Department of Health Research and Policy - Epidemiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford CA, USA
| | - Valerie McGuire
- Department of Health Research and Policy - Epidemiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford CA, USA
| | - Weiva Sieh
- Department of Health Research and Policy - Epidemiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford CA, USA
| | - Hui Cai
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Rachel T Teten
- Epidemiology Center, College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Rebecca Sutphen
- Epidemiology Center, College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | | | - Steven A Narod
- Women's College Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Catherine M Phelan
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Alvaro N Monteiro
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - David Fenstermacher
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Hui-Yi Lin
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jennifer B Permuth
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Thomas A Sellers
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Y Ann Chen
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Ya-Yu Tsai
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Zhihua Chen
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | | | - Simon A Gayther
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Susan J Ramus
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Usha Menon
- Women's Cancer, Institute for Women's Health, UCL, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anna H Wu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Celeste L Pearce
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - David Van Den Berg
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Malcolm C Pike
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Agnieszka Dansonka-Mieszkowska
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Diagnostics, The Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Plisiecka-Halasa
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Diagnostics, The Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Moes-Sosnowska
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Diagnostics, The Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jolanta Kupryjanczyk
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Diagnostics, The Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paul Dp Pharoah
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research laboratory, Cambridge, UK
| | - Honglin Song
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research laboratory, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ingrid Winship
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne Health, Australia
- The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria 3050, Australia
| | | | - Graham G Giles
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Doug F Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Laboratory, Worts Causeway, Cambridge, UK
| | - Roger L Milne
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Affiliation(s)
- Irene Catucci
- IFOM, Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, via Adamello 16, 20139, Milan, Italy.
| | - Paolo Radice
- Unit of Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk and Genetic Testing, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Roger L Milne
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Fergus J Couch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Melissa C Southey
- Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Paolo Peterlongo
- IFOM, Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, via Adamello 16, 20139, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Catucci I, Casadei S, Ding YC, Volorio S, Ficarazzi F, Falanga A, Marchetti M, Tondini C, Franchi M, Adamson A, Mandell J, Walsh T, Olopade OI, Manoukian S, Radice P, Ricker C, Weitzel J, King MC, Peterlongo P, Neuhausen SL. Haplotype analyses of the c.1027C>T and c.2167_2168delAT recurrent truncating mutations in the breast cancer-predisposing gene PALB2. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2016; 160:121-129. [PMID: 27624329 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-016-3981-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Breast cancer-predisposing mutations PALB2 c.1027C>T (p.Gln343*) and PALB2 c.2167_2168delAT have each been observed multiple times in breast cancer families of Italian ancestry. More recently, the c2167_2168delAT mutation was identified in unrelated breast cancer cases of various ancestries. For each mutation, we investigated whether the origin was multiple mutational events (a "hot-spot") or a single event (a founder allele). METHODS We genotyped and reconstructed haplotypes for 36 participants of Italian, Italian-American, Hispanic, and Nigerian ancestries, using seven short tandem repeat (STR) markers that covered 3 Megabases within and flanking PALB2 on chromosome 16. RESULTS For PALB2 c.1027C>T, a shared haplotype with a minimum size of 150 kb was shared by all 19 carriers investigated, all of Italian ancestry. This result suggests that this allele arose as a single event in a shared ancestor. For PALB2 c.2167_2168delAT, all 12 carriers from American-Italian and Italian families shared a 1-Mb haplotype, the 3 Hispanic carriers shared a different haplotype of size 2 Mb, and the Nigerian carrier had different alleles at all 7 STR markers. These results suggest that PALB2 c.2167_2168delAT arose multiple times, but that within each population, PALB2 c.2167_2168delAT likely represents a single mutational event. CONCLUSION We identified two PALB2 mutations that are founder alleles in Italian families, one of which is, independently, also a founder mutation in American-Hispanic breast cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irene Catucci
- IFOM, the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Casadei
- Departments of Medicine and Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Yuan Chun Ding
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Sara Volorio
- Cogentech, Cancer Genetic Test Laboratory, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Anna Falanga
- Department of Immunohematology and Transfusion Medicine, Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Marina Marchetti
- Department of Immunohematology and Transfusion Medicine, Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Carlo Tondini
- Unit of Oncology, Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Michela Franchi
- Unit of Oncology, Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Aaron Adamson
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Jessica Mandell
- Departments of Medicine and Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Tom Walsh
- Departments of Medicine and Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Olufunmilayo I Olopade
- Department of Medicine, Center for Clinical Cancer Genetics and Global Health, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Siranoush Manoukian
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Radice
- Unit of Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk and Genetic Testing, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Charite Ricker
- Department Medicine, Keck School of Medicine at University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey Weitzel
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Mary-Claire King
- Departments of Medicine and Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Susan L Neuhausen
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Peterlongo P, Catucci I, Colombo M, Caleca L, Mucaki E, Bogliolo M, Marin M, Damiola F, Bernard L, Pensotti V, Volorio S, Dall'Olio V, Meindl A, Bartram C, Sutter C, Surowy H, Sornin V, Dondon MG, Eon-Marchais S, Stoppa-Lyonnet D, Andrieu N, Sinilnikova OM, Mitchell G, James PA, Thompson E, Marchetti M, Verzeroli C, Tartari C, Capone GL, Putignano AL, Genuardi M, Medici V, Marchi I, Federico M, Tognazzo S, Matricardi L, Agata S, Dolcetti R, Della Puppa L, Cini G, Gismondi V, Viassolo V, Perfumo C, Mencarelli MA, Baldassarri M, Peissel B, Roversi G, Silvestri V, Rizzolo P, Spina F, Vivanet C, Tibiletti MG, Caligo MA, Gambino G, Tommasi S, Pilato B, Tondini C, Corna C, Bonanni B, Barile M, Osorio A, Benitez J, Balestrino L, Ottini L, Manoukian S, Pierotti MA, Renieri A, Varesco L, Couch FJ, Wang X, Devilee P, Hilbers FS, van Asperen CJ, Viel A, Montagna M, Cortesi L, Diez O, Balmaña J, Hauke J, Schmutzler RK, Papi L, Pujana MA, Lázaro C, Falanga A, Offit K, Vijai J, Campbell I, Burwinkel B, Kvist A, Ehrencrona H, Mazoyer S, Pizzamiglio S, Verderio P, Surralles J, Rogan PK, Radice P. FANCM c.5791C>T nonsense mutation (rs144567652) induces exon skipping, affects DNA repair activity and is a familial breast cancer risk factor. Hum Mol Genet 2015; 24:5345-55. [PMID: 26130695 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddv251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous genetic factors that influence breast cancer risk are known. However, approximately two-thirds of the overall familial risk remain unexplained. To determine whether some of the missing heritability is due to rare variants conferring high to moderate risk, we tested for an association between the c.5791C>T nonsense mutation (p.Arg1931*; rs144567652) in exon 22 of FANCM gene and breast cancer. An analysis of genotyping data from 8635 familial breast cancer cases and 6625 controls from different countries yielded an association between the c.5791C>T mutation and breast cancer risk [odds ratio (OR) = 3.93 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.28-12.11; P = 0.017)]. Moreover, we performed two meta-analyses of studies from countries with carriers in both cases and controls and of all available data. These analyses showed breast cancer associations with OR = 3.67 (95% CI = 1.04-12.87; P = 0.043) and OR = 3.33 (95% CI = 1.09-13.62; P = 0.032), respectively. Based on information theory-based prediction, we established that the mutation caused an out-of-frame deletion of exon 22, due to the creation of a binding site for the pre-mRNA processing protein hnRNP A1. Furthermore, genetic complementation analyses showed that the mutation influenced the DNA repair activity of the FANCM protein. In summary, we provide evidence for the first time showing that the common p.Arg1931* loss-of-function variant in FANCM is a risk factor for familial breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Peterlongo
- IFOM, the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy, Unit of Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk and Genetic Testing, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine,
| | - Irene Catucci
- IFOM, the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy, Unit of Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk and Genetic Testing, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine
| | - Mara Colombo
- Unit of Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk and Genetic Testing, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine
| | - Laura Caleca
- Unit of Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk and Genetic Testing, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine
| | - Eliseos Mucaki
- Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Massimo Bogliolo
- Genome Instability and DNA Repair Group, Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Marin
- Genome Instability and DNA Repair Group, Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesca Damiola
- Cancer Research Centre of Lyon, CNRS UMR5286, INSERM U1052, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Loris Bernard
- Department of Experimental Oncology and Cogentech, Cancer Genetic Test Laboratory, Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Pensotti
- IFOM, the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy, Cogentech, Cancer Genetic Test Laboratory, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Volorio
- IFOM, the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy, Cogentech, Cancer Genetic Test Laboratory, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Dall'Olio
- IFOM, the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy, Cogentech, Cancer Genetic Test Laboratory, Milan, Italy
| | - Alfons Meindl
- Division of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Claus Bartram
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Sutter
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Harald Surowy
- Molecular Biology of Breast Cancer, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany, Molecular Epidemiology Group, C080, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Valérie Sornin
- Cancer Research Centre of Lyon, CNRS UMR5286, INSERM U1052, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Marie-Gabrielle Dondon
- INSERM, U900, Paris, France, Institut Curie, Paris, France, Mines ParisTech, Fontainebleau, France
| | - Séverine Eon-Marchais
- INSERM, U900, Paris, France, Institut Curie, Paris, France, Mines ParisTech, Fontainebleau, France
| | - Dominique Stoppa-Lyonnet
- Service de Génétique Oncologique, Institut Curie, Paris, France, INSERM, U830, Paris, France, Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Nadine Andrieu
- INSERM, U900, Paris, France, Institut Curie, Paris, France, Mines ParisTech, Fontainebleau, France
| | - Olga M Sinilnikova
- Cancer Research Centre of Lyon, CNRS UMR5286, INSERM U1052, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France, Unité Mixte de Génétique Constitutionnelle des Cancers Fréquents, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lyon/Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | | | - Gillian Mitchell
- Familial Cancer Centre, Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology and
| | - Paul A James
- Familial Cancer Centre, Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology and
| | - Ella Thompson
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory and Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology and
| | | | | | | | - Cristina Verzeroli
- Kathleen Cunningham Foundation Consortium for Research into Familial Breast Cancer (kConFab), Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Carmen Tartari
- Department of Immunohematology and Transfusion Medicine and
| | - Gabriele Lorenzo Capone
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Sperimentali e Cliniche, Università di Firenze, Firenze, Italy, FiorGen Foundation for Pharmacogenomics, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Anna Laura Putignano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Sperimentali e Cliniche, Università di Firenze, Firenze, Italy, FiorGen Foundation for Pharmacogenomics, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Maurizio Genuardi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Sperimentali e Cliniche, Università di Firenze, Firenze, Italy, FiorGen Foundation for Pharmacogenomics, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy, Institute of Medical Genetics, 'A. Gemelli' School of Medicine, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Veronica Medici
- Dipartimento di Oncologia, Ematologia e Malattie dell'Apparato Respiratorio, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Isabella Marchi
- Dipartimento di Oncologia, Ematologia e Malattie dell'Apparato Respiratorio, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Massimo Federico
- Dipartimento di Oncologia, Ematologia e Malattie dell'Apparato Respiratorio, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Silvia Tognazzo
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IOV - IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Laura Matricardi
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IOV - IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Simona Agata
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IOV - IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Lara Della Puppa
- Unit of Experimental Oncology 1, CRO Aviano National Cancer Institute, Aviano (PN), Italy
| | - Giulia Cini
- Unit of Experimental Oncology 1, CRO Aviano National Cancer Institute, Aviano (PN), Italy
| | - Viviana Gismondi
- Unit of Hereditary Cancers, IRCCS AOU San Martino - IST, Genoa, Italy
| | - Valeria Viassolo
- Unit of Hereditary Cancers, IRCCS AOU San Martino - IST, Genoa, Italy
| | - Chiara Perfumo
- Unit of Hereditary Cancers, IRCCS AOU San Martino - IST, Genoa, Italy
| | - Maria Antonietta Mencarelli
- Medical Genetics, University of Siena, Siena, Italy, Genetica Medica, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy
| | - Margherita Baldassarri
- Medical Genetics, University of Siena, Siena, Italy, Genetica Medica, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy
| | - Bernard Peissel
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine
| | - Gaia Roversi
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine
| | | | - Piera Rizzolo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Maria Adelaide Caligo
- Section of Genetic Oncology, University Hospital and University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gaetana Gambino
- Section of Genetic Oncology, University Hospital and University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefania Tommasi
- IRCCS Istituto Tumori 'Giovanni Paolo II', Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Bari, Italy
| | - Brunella Pilato
- IRCCS Istituto Tumori 'Giovanni Paolo II', Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Bari, Italy
| | - Carlo Tondini
- Unit of Medical Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliera Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Chiara Corna
- Unit of Medical Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliera Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Bernardo Bonanni
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Barile
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Milan, Italy
| | - Ana Osorio
- Human Cancer Genetics Programme, Spanish National Cancer Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain, Spanish Genotyping Centre (CEGEN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Benitez
- Human Cancer Genetics Programme, Spanish National Cancer Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain, Spanish Genotyping Centre (CEGEN), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Laura Ottini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Alessandra Renieri
- Medical Genetics, University of Siena, Siena, Italy, Genetica Medica, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy
| | - Liliana Varesco
- Unit of Hereditary Cancers, IRCCS AOU San Martino - IST, Genoa, Italy
| | - Fergus J Couch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Xianshu Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Peter Devilee
- Department of Human Genetics, Department of Pathology and
| | | | - Christi J van Asperen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Alessandra Viel
- Unit of Experimental Oncology 1, CRO Aviano National Cancer Institute, Aviano (PN), Italy
| | - Marco Montagna
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IOV - IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Laura Cortesi
- Dipartimento di Oncologia, Ematologia e Malattie dell'Apparato Respiratorio, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Orland Diez
- Oncogenetics Group, Hospital Universitari de la Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain, Vall d́Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Judith Balmaña
- Vall d́Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain, Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitari de la Vall d́Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jan Hauke
- Center for Familial Breast and Ovarian Cancer, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Rita K Schmutzler
- Center for Familial Breast and Ovarian Cancer, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Laura Papi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Sperimentali e Cliniche, Università di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | | | - Conxi Lázaro
- Catalan Institute of Oncology - IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Falanga
- Department of Immunohematology and Transfusion Medicine and
| | - Kenneth Offit
- Clinical Genetics Service, Department of Medicine and Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joseph Vijai
- Clinical Genetics Service, Department of Medicine and Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ian Campbell
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory and Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology and Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Barbara Burwinkel
- Molecular Biology of Breast Cancer, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany, Molecular Epidemiology Group, C080, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anders Kvist
- Division of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences
| | - Hans Ehrencrona
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Laboratory Medicine, Office for Medical Services and Department of Clinical Genetics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sylvie Mazoyer
- Cancer Research Centre of Lyon, CNRS UMR5286, INSERM U1052, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Sara Pizzamiglio
- Unit of Medical Statistics, Biometry and Bioinformatics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Verderio
- Unit of Medical Statistics, Biometry and Bioinformatics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Jordi Surralles
- Genome Instability and DNA Repair Group, Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Peter K Rogan
- Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paolo Radice
- IFOM, the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy, Unit of Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk and Genetic Testing, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Catucci I, Peterlongo P, Ciceri S, Colombo M, Pasquini G, Barile M, Bonanni B, Verderio P, Pizzamiglio S, Foglia C, Falanga A, Marchetti M, Galastri L, Bianchi T, Corna C, Ravagnani F, Bernard L, Fortuzzi S, Sardella D, Scuvera G, Peissel B, Manoukian S, Tondini C, Radice P. PALB2 sequencing in Italian familial breast cancer cases reveals a high-risk mutation recurrent in the province of Bergamo. Genet Med 2014; 16:688-94. [PMID: 24556926 DOI: 10.1038/gim.2014.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Monoallelic germ-line deleterious mutations of PALB2 (partner and localizer of BRCA2) are associated with breast cancer risk and have been found in several populations, with carrier frequencies of ~1-2%. Initially, these mutations were considered to have moderate penetrance, but accumulating evidence now indicates that they are associated with much higher risk. METHODS In this study, we sequenced the PALB2 coding regions unlinked to BRCA (breast cancer) genes in 575 probands from Italian breast cancer families recruited in Milan. RESULTS We found 12 carriers (2.1%) of deleterious mutations, and none of the mutations was found in 784 controls collected in Milan. One of these mutations, the c.1027C>T (p.Gln343X), was found to be recurrent in the province of Bergamo in northern Italy, being detected in 6/113 (5.3%) familial breast cancer cases and 2/477 (0.4%) controls recruited in this area (Fisher's exact test: P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Our data provide confirmatory findings that, in the Italian population also, deleterious mutations of PALB2 are relatively frequent predisposing factors for breast cancer and may be associated with high risk of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irene Catucci
- 1] IFOM, Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, Milan, Italy [2] Unit of Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk and Genetic Testing, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Peterlongo
- 1] IFOM, Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, Milan, Italy [2] Unit of Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk and Genetic Testing, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Ciceri
- 1] IFOM, Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, Milan, Italy [2] Unit of Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk and Genetic Testing, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Mara Colombo
- Unit of Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk and Genetic Testing, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Graziella Pasquini
- Unit of Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk and Genetic Testing, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Barile
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Milan, Italy
| | - Bernardo Bonanni
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Verderio
- Unit of Medical Statistics, Biometry and Bioinformatics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Pizzamiglio
- Unit of Medical Statistics, Biometry and Bioinformatics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Foglia
- Unit of Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk and Genetic Testing, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Falanga
- Department of Immunohematology and Transfusion Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Marina Marchetti
- Department of Immunohematology and Transfusion Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Laura Galastri
- Associazione Italiana Volontari Sangue Comunale Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Tiziana Bianchi
- Associazione Italiana Volontari Sangue Comunale Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Corna
- Unit of Medical Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliera Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Fernando Ravagnani
- Immunohematology and Transfusion Medicine Service, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Loris Bernard
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Cogentech, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Fortuzzi
- IFOM Cogentech, Consortium for Genomic Technologies, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Giulietta Scuvera
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Bernard Peissel
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Siranoush Manoukian
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo Tondini
- Unit of Medical Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliera Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Paolo Radice
- Unit of Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk and Genetic Testing, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Catucci I, Verderio P, Pizzamiglio S, Bernard L, Dall'olio V, Sardella D, Ravagnani F, Galastri L, Barile M, Peissel B, Zaffaroni D, Manoukian S, Radice P, Peterlongo P. The SNP rs895819 in miR-27a is not associated with familial breast cancer risk in Italians. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2012; 133:805-7. [PMID: 22415478 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-012-2011-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2012] [Accepted: 02/26/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
10
|
Catucci I, Colombo M, Verderio P, Bernard L, Ficarazzi F, Mariette F, Barile M, Peissel B, Cattaneo E, Manoukian S, Radice P, Peterlongo P. Sequencing analysis of SLX4/FANCP gene in Italian familial breast cancer cases. PLoS One 2012; 7:e31038. [PMID: 22383991 PMCID: PMC3285620 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2011] [Accepted: 12/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer can be caused by germline mutations in several genes that are responsible for different hereditary cancer syndromes. Some of the genes causing the Fanconi anemia (FA) syndrome, such as BRCA2, BRIP1, PALB2, and RAD51C, are associated with high or moderate risk of developing breast cancer. Very recently, SLX4 has been established as a new FA gene raising the question of its implication in breast cancer risk. This study aimed at answering this question sequencing the entire coding region of SLX4 in 526 familial breast cancer cases from Italy. We found 81 different germline variants and none of these were clearly pathogenic. The statistical power of our sample size allows concluding that in Italy the frequency of carriers of truncating mutations of SLX4 may not exceed 0.6%. Our results indicate that testing for SLX4 germline mutations is unlikely to be relevant for the identification of individuals at risk of breast cancer, at least in the Italian population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irene Catucci
- IFOM, Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, Milan, Italy
- Unit of Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk and Genetic Testing, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Mara Colombo
- Unit of Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk and Genetic Testing, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Verderio
- Unit of Medical Statistics and Biometry, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Loris Bernard
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Monica Barile
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Milan, Italy
| | - Bernard Peissel
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Cattaneo
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
- Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Siranoush Manoukian
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Radice
- IFOM, Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, Milan, Italy
- Unit of Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk and Genetic Testing, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Peterlongo
- IFOM, Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, Milan, Italy
- Unit of Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk and Genetic Testing, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Catucci I, Yang R, Verderio P, Pizzamiglio S, Heesen L, Hemminki K, Sutter C, Wappenschmidt B, Dick M, Arnold N, Bugert P, Niederacher D, Meindl A, Schmutzler RK, Bartram CC, Ficarazzi F, Tizzoni L, Zaffaroni D, Manoukian S, Barile M, Pierotti MA, Radice P, Burwinkel B, Peterlongo P. Evaluation of SNPs in miR-146a, miR196a2 and miR-499 as low-penetrance alleles in German and Italian familial breast cancer cases. Hum Mutat 2010; 31:E1052-7. [PMID: 19847796 DOI: 10.1002/humu.21141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Recently, the SNPs rs11614913 in hsa-mir-196a2 and rs3746444 in hsa-mir-499 were reported to be associated with increased breast cancer risk, and the SNP rs2910164 in hsa-mir-146a was shown to have an effect on age of breast cancer diagnosis. In order to further investigate the effect of these SNPs, we genotyped a total of 1894 breast cancer cases negative for disease-causing mutations or unclassified variants in BRCA1 and BRCA2, and 2760 controls from Germany and Italy. We compared the genotype and allele frequencies of rs2910164, rs11614913 and rs3746444 in cases versus controls of the German and Italian series, and of the two series combined; we also investigated the effect of the three SNPs on age at breast cancer diagnosis. None of the performed analyses showed statistically significant results. In conclusion, our data suggested lack of association between SNPs rs2910164, rs11614913 and rs3746444 and breast cancer risk, or age at breast cancer onset.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irene Catucci
- IFOM, Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Catucci I, Verderio P, Pizzamiglio S, Manoukian S, Peissel B, Barile M, Tizzoni L, Bernard L, Ravagnani F, Galastri L, Pierotti MA, Radice P, Peterlongo P. SNPs in ultraconserved elements and familial breast cancer risk. Carcinogenesis 2009; 30:544-5; author reply 546. [PMID: 19126653 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgn289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
|