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Ficarazzi F, Vecchi M, Ferrari M, Pierotti MA. Towards population-based genetic screenings for breast and ovarian cancer: A comprehensive review from economic evaluations to patient perspectives. Breast 2021; 58:121-129. [PMID: 34022715 PMCID: PMC8164087 DOI: 10.1016/j.breast.2021.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic testing for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer following genetic counseling is based on guidelines that take into account particular features of the personal and family history, and clinical criteria conferring a probability of having a BRCA mutation greater than 10% as a threshold for accessing the test. However, besides reducing mortality and social impact, the extension of screening programs also for healthy family members would allow a huge saving of the rising costs associated with these pathologies, supporting the choice of the "Test" strategy versus a "No Test" one. Analyses of different health care systems show that by applying the "Test" strategy on patients and their families, a decrease in breast and ovarian cancer cases is achieved, as well as a substantial decrease in costs of economic resources, including the costs of the clinical management of early detected tumors. In this review, we analyzed the most recent papers published on this topic and we summarized the findings on the economic evaluations related to breast and ovarian cancer population screenings. These results proved and validated that the population-wide testing approach is a more accurate screening and preventive intervention than traditional guidelines based on personal/family history and clinical criteria to reduce breast and ovarian cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manuela Vecchi
- Cogentech Ltd Benefit Corp, Via Adamello 16, 20139, Milan, Italy
| | - Maurizio Ferrari
- Cogentech Ltd Benefit Corp, Via Adamello 16, 20139, Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina 58, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco A Pierotti
- Cogentech Ltd Benefit Corp, Via Adamello 16, 20139, Milan, Italy; IFOM, Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, Via Adamello 16, 20139, Milan, Italy.
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Catucci I, Casadei S, Ding YC, Volorio S, Ficarazzi F, Falanga A, Marchetti M, Tondini C, Franchi M, Adamson A, Mandell J, Walsh T, Olopade OI, Manoukian S, Radice P, Ricker C, Weitzel J, King MC, Peterlongo P, Neuhausen SL. Haplotype analyses of the c.1027C>T and c.2167_2168delAT recurrent truncating mutations in the breast cancer-predisposing gene PALB2. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2016; 160:121-129. [PMID: 27624329 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-016-3981-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Breast cancer-predisposing mutations PALB2 c.1027C>T (p.Gln343*) and PALB2 c.2167_2168delAT have each been observed multiple times in breast cancer families of Italian ancestry. More recently, the c2167_2168delAT mutation was identified in unrelated breast cancer cases of various ancestries. For each mutation, we investigated whether the origin was multiple mutational events (a "hot-spot") or a single event (a founder allele). METHODS We genotyped and reconstructed haplotypes for 36 participants of Italian, Italian-American, Hispanic, and Nigerian ancestries, using seven short tandem repeat (STR) markers that covered 3 Megabases within and flanking PALB2 on chromosome 16. RESULTS For PALB2 c.1027C>T, a shared haplotype with a minimum size of 150 kb was shared by all 19 carriers investigated, all of Italian ancestry. This result suggests that this allele arose as a single event in a shared ancestor. For PALB2 c.2167_2168delAT, all 12 carriers from American-Italian and Italian families shared a 1-Mb haplotype, the 3 Hispanic carriers shared a different haplotype of size 2 Mb, and the Nigerian carrier had different alleles at all 7 STR markers. These results suggest that PALB2 c.2167_2168delAT arose multiple times, but that within each population, PALB2 c.2167_2168delAT likely represents a single mutational event. CONCLUSION We identified two PALB2 mutations that are founder alleles in Italian families, one of which is, independently, also a founder mutation in American-Hispanic breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Catucci
- IFOM, the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Casadei
- Departments of Medicine and Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Yuan Chun Ding
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Sara Volorio
- Cogentech, Cancer Genetic Test Laboratory, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Anna Falanga
- Department of Immunohematology and Transfusion Medicine, Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Marina Marchetti
- Department of Immunohematology and Transfusion Medicine, Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Carlo Tondini
- Unit of Oncology, Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Michela Franchi
- Unit of Oncology, Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Aaron Adamson
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Jessica Mandell
- Departments of Medicine and Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Tom Walsh
- Departments of Medicine and Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Olufunmilayo I Olopade
- Department of Medicine, Center for Clinical Cancer Genetics and Global Health, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Siranoush Manoukian
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Radice
- Unit of Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk and Genetic Testing, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Charite Ricker
- Department Medicine, Keck School of Medicine at University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey Weitzel
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Mary-Claire King
- Departments of Medicine and Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Susan L Neuhausen
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA.
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3
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Pirie A, Guo Q, Kraft P, Canisius S, Eccles DM, Rahman N, Nevanlinna H, Chen C, Khan S, Tyrer J, Bolla MK, Wang Q, Dennis J, Michailidou K, Lush M, Dunning AM, Shah M, Czene K, Darabi H, Eriksson M, Lambrechts D, Weltens C, Leunen K, van Ongeval C, Nordestgaard BG, Nielsen SF, Flyger H, Rudolph A, Seibold P, Flesch-Janys D, Blomqvist C, Aittomäki K, Fagerholm R, Muranen TA, Olsen JE, Hallberg E, Vachon C, Knight JA, Glendon G, Mulligan AM, Broeks A, Cornelissen S, Haiman CA, Henderson BE, Schumacher F, Le Marchand L, Hopper JL, Tsimiklis H, Apicella C, Southey MC, Cross SS, Reed MWR, Giles GG, Milne RL, McLean C, Winqvist R, Pylkäs K, Jukkola-Vuorinen A, Grip M, Hooning MJ, Hollestelle A, Martens JWM, van den Ouweland AMW, Marme F, Schneeweiss A, Yang R, Burwinkel B, Figueroa J, Chanock SJ, Lissowska J, Sawyer EJ, Tomlinson I, Kerin MJ, Miller N, Brenner H, Butterbach K, Holleczek B, Kataja V, Kosma VM, Hartikainen JM, Li J, Brand JS, Humphreys K, Devilee P, Tollenaar RAEM, Seynaeve C, Radice P, Peterlongo P, Manoukian S, Ficarazzi F, Beckmann MW, Hein A, Ekici AB, Balleine R, Phillips KA, Benitez J, Zamora MP, Perez JIA, Menéndez P, Jakubowska A, Lubinski J, Gronwald J, Durda K, Hamann U, Kabisch M, Ulmer HU, Rüdiger T, Margolin S, Kristensen V, Nord S, Evans DG, Abraham J, Earl H, Poole CJ, Hiller L, Dunn JA, Bowden S, Yang R, Campa D, Diver WR, Gapstur SM, Gaudet MM, Hankinson S, Hoover RN, Hüsing A, Kaaks R, Machiela MJ, Willett W, Barrdahl M, Canzian F, Chin SF, Caldas C, Hunter DJ, Lindstrom S, Garcia-Closas M, Couch FJ, Chenevix-Trench G, Mannermaa A, Andrulis IL, Hall P, Chang-Claude J, Easton DF, Bojesen SE, Cox A, Fasching PA, Pharoah PDP, Schmidt MK. Common germline polymorphisms associated with breast cancer-specific survival. Breast Cancer Res 2015; 17:58. [PMID: 25897948 PMCID: PMC4484708 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-015-0570-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Previous studies have identified common germline variants nominally associated with breast cancer survival. These associations have not been widely replicated in further studies. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association of previously reported SNPs with breast cancer-specific survival using data from a pooled analysis of eight breast cancer survival genome-wide association studies (GWAS) from the Breast Cancer Association Consortium. METHODS A literature review was conducted of all previously published associations between common germline variants and three survival outcomes: breast cancer-specific survival, overall survival and disease-free survival. All associations that reached the nominal significance level of P value <0.05 were included. Single nucleotide polymorphisms that had been previously reported as nominally associated with at least one survival outcome were evaluated in the pooled analysis of over 37,000 breast cancer cases for association with breast cancer-specific survival. Previous associations were evaluated using a one-sided test based on the reported direction of effect. RESULTS Fifty-six variants from 45 previous publications were evaluated in the meta-analysis. Fifty-four of these were evaluated in the full set of 37,954 breast cancer cases with 2,900 events and the two additional variants were evaluated in a reduced sample size of 30,000 samples in order to ensure independence from the previously published studies. Five variants reached nominal significance (P <0.05) in the pooled GWAS data compared to 2.8 expected under the null hypothesis. Seven additional variants were associated (P <0.05) with ER-positive disease. CONCLUSIONS Although no variants reached genome-wide significance (P <5 x 10(-8)), these results suggest that there is some evidence of association between candidate common germline variants and breast cancer prognosis. Larger studies from multinational collaborations are necessary to increase the power to detect associations, between common variants and prognosis, at more stringent significance levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailith Pirie
- />Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, 2 Wort’s Causeway, Cambridge, CB1 8RN UK
| | - Qi Guo
- />Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, 2 Wort’s Causeway, Cambridge, CB1 8RN UK
| | - Peter Kraft
- />Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 USA
- />Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Sander Canisius
- />Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Diana M Eccles
- />Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, Southampton, SO17 1BJ UK
| | - Nazneen Rahman
- />Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, SM2 5NG Surrey, UK
| | - Heli Nevanlinna
- />Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 8, FIN-00029 HUS Helsinki, Finland
| | - Constance Chen
- />Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Sofia Khan
- />Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 8, FIN-00029 HUS Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jonathan Tyrer
- />Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, 2 Wort’s Causeway, Cambridge, CB1 8RN UK
| | - Manjeet K Bolla
- />Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, 2 Wort’s Causeway, Cambridge, CB1 8RN UK
| | - Qin Wang
- />Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, 2 Wort’s Causeway, Cambridge, CB1 8RN UK
| | - Joe Dennis
- />Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, 2 Wort’s Causeway, Cambridge, CB1 8RN UK
| | - Kyriaki Michailidou
- />Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, 2 Wort’s Causeway, Cambridge, CB1 8RN UK
| | - Michael Lush
- />Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, 2 Wort’s Causeway, Cambridge, CB1 8RN UK
| | - Alison M Dunning
- />Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, 2 Wort’s Causeway, Cambridge, CB1 8RN UK
| | - Mitul Shah
- />Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, 2 Wort’s Causeway, Cambridge, CB1 8RN UK
| | - Kamila Czene
- />Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 12A, Stockholm, 17177 Sweden
| | - Hatef Darabi
- />Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 12A, Stockholm, 17177 Sweden
| | - Mikael Eriksson
- />Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 12A, Stockholm, 17177 Sweden
| | - Dieter Lambrechts
- />Vesalius Research Center (VRC), Vib, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- />Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Caroline Weltens
- />Oncology Department, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Karin Leunen
- />Oncology Department, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Chantal van Ongeval
- />Oncology Department, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Børge G Nordestgaard
- />Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev Ringvej 75, DK-2730 Herlev, Copenhagen Denmark
- />Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev Ringvej 75, DK-2730 Herlev, Copenhagen Denmark
- />Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2220 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sune F Nielsen
- />Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev Ringvej 75, DK-2730 Herlev, Copenhagen Denmark
- />Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev Ringvej 75, DK-2730 Herlev, Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Henrik Flyger
- />Department of Breast Surgery, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev Ringvej 75, DK-2730 Herlev, Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Anja Rudolph
- />Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Petra Seibold
- />Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dieter Flesch-Janys
- />Department of Cancer Epidemiology/Clinical Cancer Registry and Institute for Medical Biometrics and Epidemiology, University Clinic Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Carl Blomqvist
- />Department of Oncology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Sairaalatie 8, 08 200 LOHJA Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kristiina Aittomäki
- />Department of Clinical Genetics, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Sairaalatie 8, 08 200 LOHJA Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rainer Fagerholm
- />Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 8, FIN-00029 HUS Helsinki, Finland
- />Department of Oncology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Sairaalatie 8, 08 200 LOHJA Helsinki, Finland
- />Department of Clinical Genetics, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Sairaalatie 8, 08 200 LOHJA Helsinki, Finland
| | - Taru A Muranen
- />Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 8, FIN-00029 HUS Helsinki, Finland
| | - Janet E Olsen
- />Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Emily Hallberg
- />Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Celine Vachon
- />Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Julia A Knight
- />Prosserman Centre for Health Research, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5 Canada
- />Division of Epidemiology, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College Street, Toronto, ON M5T 3M7 Canada
| | - Gord Glendon
- />Ontario Cancer Genetics Network, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5 Canada
| | - Anna Marie Mulligan
- />Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, 1 King’s College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8 Canada
- />Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth Street, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4 Canada
| | - Annegien Broeks
- />Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sten Cornelissen
- />Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Christopher A Haiman
- />Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1975 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA
| | - Brian E Henderson
- />Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1975 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA
| | - Frederick Schumacher
- />Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1975 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA
| | - Loic Le Marchand
- />Cancer Research Center of Hawaii, University of Hawaii, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA
| | - John L Hopper
- />Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, Melbourne School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, 207 Bouverie Street, Melbourne, VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Helen Tsimiklis
- />Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, 207 Bouverie Street, Melbourne, VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Carmel Apicella
- />Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, Melbourne School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, 207 Bouverie Street, Melbourne, VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Melissa C Southey
- />Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, 207 Bouverie Street, Melbourne, VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Simon S Cross
- />Academic Unit of Pathology, Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, 385a Glossop Road, Sheffield, S10 2HQ UK
| | - Malcolm WR Reed
- />CRUK/YCR Sheffield Cancer Research Centre, Department of Oncology, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX UK
| | - Graham G Giles
- />Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, Melbourne School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, 207 Bouverie Street, Melbourne, VIC 3010 Australia
- />Cancer Epidemiology Centre, The Cancer Council Victoria, 615 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004 Australia
| | - Roger L Milne
- />Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, Melbourne School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, 207 Bouverie Street, Melbourne, VIC 3010 Australia
- />Cancer Epidemiology Centre, The Cancer Council Victoria, 615 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004 Australia
| | - Catriona McLean
- />Anatomical Pathology, The Alfred Hospital, Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3007 Australia
| | - Robert Winqvist
- />Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Department of Clinical Genetics and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Kajaanintie 50, FI-90220 Oulu, Finland
| | - Katri Pylkäs
- />Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Department of Clinical Genetics and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Kajaanintie 50, FI-90220 Oulu, Finland
| | - Arja Jukkola-Vuorinen
- />Department of Oncology, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Kajaanintie 50, FI-90220 Oulu, Finland
| | - Mervi Grip
- />Department of Surgery, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Kajaanintie 50, FI-90220 Oulu, Finland
| | - Maartje J Hooning
- />Department of Medical Oncology, Family Cancer Clinic, Erasmus McCancer Institute, ’s-Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Antoinette Hollestelle
- />Department of Medical Oncology, Family Cancer Clinic, Erasmus McCancer Institute, ’s-Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - John WM Martens
- />Department of Medical Oncology, Family Cancer Clinic, Erasmus McCancer Institute, ’s-Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ans MW van den Ouweland
- />Department of Medical Oncology, Family Cancer Clinic, Erasmus McCancer Institute, ’s-Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Federick Marme
- />Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Heidelberg, Voßstrasse 9, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
- />National Center for Tumor Diseases, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 460, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Schneeweiss
- />Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Heidelberg, Voßstrasse 9, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
- />National Center for Tumor Diseases, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 460, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rongxi Yang
- />Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Heidelberg, Voßstrasse 9, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Barbara Burwinkel
- />Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Heidelberg, Voßstrasse 9, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
- />Molecular Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jonine Figueroa
- />Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Stephen J Chanock
- />Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
- />Core Genotyping Facility, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, 8717 Grovemont Circle, Gaithersburg, MD 20877 USA
| | - Jolanta Lissowska
- />Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, M. Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Roentena 5, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elinor J Sawyer
- />Division of Cancer Studies, NIHR Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust in Partnership with King’s College London, Guy’s Campus, SE1 1UL London, UK
| | - Ian Tomlinson
- />Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics and Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN UK
| | - Michael J Kerin
- />Clinical Science Institute, University Hospital Galway, Newcastle Road, Galway, Ireland
| | - Nicola Miller
- />Clinical Science Institute, University Hospital Galway, Newcastle Road, Galway, Ireland
| | - Hermann Brenner
- />Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- />German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katja Butterbach
- />Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bernd Holleczek
- />Saarland Cancer Registry, Präsident Baltz Strasse 5, 66119 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Vesa Kataja
- />School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oncology and Cancer Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Puijonlaaksontie 2, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Veli-Matti Kosma
- />School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine and Cancer Center of Eastern Finland, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1C, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
- />Imaging Center, Department of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, Puijonlaaksontie 2, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jaana M Hartikainen
- />School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine and Cancer Center of Eastern Finland, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1C, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
- />Imaging Center, Department of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, Puijonlaaksontie 2, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jingmei Li
- />Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 12A, Stockholm, 17177 Sweden
| | - Judith S Brand
- />Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 12A, Stockholm, 17177 Sweden
| | - Keith Humphreys
- />Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 12A, Stockholm, 17177 Sweden
| | - Peter Devilee
- />Department of Human Genetics and Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Robert AEM Tollenaar
- />Department of Surgical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline Seynaeve
- />Department of Medical Oncology, Family Cancer Clinic, Erasmus McCancer Institute, ’s-Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paolo Radice
- />Unit of Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk and Genetic Testing, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori (INT), Via Adamello 16, Milan, 20139 Italy
| | - Paolo Peterlongo
- />IFOM, Fondazione Istituto FIRC Di Oncologia Molecolare, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Siranoush Manoukian
- />Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori (INT), Via Adamello 16, Milan, 20139 Italy
| | - Filomena Ficarazzi
- />IFOM, Fondazione Istituto FIRC Di Oncologia Molecolare, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
- />Cogentech Cancer Genetic Test Laboratory, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Matthias W Beckmann
- />Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-Emn, Universitaetsstrasse 21-23, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alexander Hein
- />Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-Emn, Universitaetsstrasse 21-23, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arif B Ekici
- />Institute of Human Genetics; University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-Emn, Universitaetsstrasse 21-23, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rosemary Balleine
- />Western Sydney and Nepean Blue Mountains Local Health Districts, Westmead Millennium Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, 176 Hawkesbury Road, Sydney, NSW 2145 Australia
| | - Kelly-Anne Phillips
- />Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, Melbourne School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, 207 Bouverie Street, Melbourne, VIC 3010 Australia
- />Peter Maccallum Cancer Center, 2 St Andrews Place, Melbourne, VIC 3002 Australia
- />Sir Peter Maccallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, 2 St Andrews Place, Melbourne, VIC 3002 Australia
| | | | - Javier Benitez
- />Human Genetics Group, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Calle de Melchor Fernández, Almagro, 3, 28029 Madrid Spain
- />Centro de Investigación En Red De Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Calle de Álvaro de Bazán, 10 Bajo, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - M Pilar Zamora
- />Servicio de Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Paseo de la Castellana, 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Ignacio Arias Perez
- />Servicio de Cirugía General y Especialidades, Hospital Monte Naranco, Avenida Doctores Fernández Vega, 107, 33012 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Primitiva Menéndez
- />Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Monte Naranco, Avenida Doctores Fernández Vega, 107, 33012 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Anna Jakubowska
- />Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, ul. Rybacka 1, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jan Lubinski
- />Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, ul. Rybacka 1, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jacek Gronwald
- />Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, ul. Rybacka 1, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Durda
- />Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, ul. Rybacka 1, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Ute Hamann
- />Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maria Kabisch
- />Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hans Ulrich Ulmer
- />Frauenklinik der Stadtklinik Baden-Baden, Balger Strasse 50, 76532 Baden-Baden, Germany
| | - Thomas Rüdiger
- />Institute of Pathology, Städtisches Klinikum Karlsruhe, Moltkestrasse 90, 76133 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Sara Margolin
- />Department of Oncology - Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Tomtebodavägen 23b, Stockholm, 171 65 Sweden
| | - Vessela Kristensen
- />Faculty of Medicine (Faculty Division Ahus), University of Oslo (UiO), Problemveien 7, Oslo, 0313 Norway
- />Department of Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Radiumhospitalet, Montebello, 0379 Oslo Norway
| | - Siljie Nord
- />Faculty of Medicine (Faculty Division Ahus), University of Oslo (UiO), Problemveien 7, Oslo, 0313 Norway
- />Department of Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Radiumhospitalet, Montebello, 0379 Oslo Norway
| | - NBCS Investigators
- />Faculty of Medicine (Faculty Division Ahus), University of Oslo (UiO), Problemveien 7, Oslo, 0313 Norway
| | - D Gareth Evans
- />Genomic Medicine, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Central Manchester Foundation Trust, St. Mary’s Hospital, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9WL UK
| | - Jean Abraham
- />Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, 2 Wort’s Causeway, Cambridge, CB1 8RN UK
- />Cambridge Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE UK
- />Cambridge Breast Unit and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge NHS Foundation Hospitals, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ UK
| | - Helena Earl
- />Cambridge Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE UK
- />Cambridge Breast Unit and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge NHS Foundation Hospitals, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ UK
| | - Christopher J Poole
- />Warwick Clinical Trials Unit, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Campus, Coventry, CV4 7AL UK
| | - Louise Hiller
- />Warwick Clinical Trials Unit, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Campus, Coventry, CV4 7AL UK
| | - Janet A Dunn
- />Warwick Clinical Trials Unit, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Campus, Coventry, CV4 7AL UK
| | - Sarah Bowden
- />Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, Institute for Cancer Studies, the University of Birmingham, Vincent Drive, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | - Rose Yang
- />Early Detection Research Group, Division of Cancer Prevention National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Daniele Campa
- />Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- />Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Lungarno Pacinotti 43, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - W Ryan Diver
- />Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, 250 Williams Street, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA
| | - Susan M Gapstur
- />Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, 250 Williams Street, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA
| | - Mia M Gaudet
- />Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, 250 Williams Street, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA
| | - Susan Hankinson
- />Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 USA
- />Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts-Amherst School of Public Health and Health Sciences, 715 N Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01002 USA
- />Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Robert N Hoover
- />Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Anika Hüsing
- />Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rudolf Kaaks
- />Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mitchell J Machiela
- />Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Walter Willett
- />Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, 655 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Myrto Barrdahl
- />Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Federico Canzian
- />Genomic Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Suet-Feung Chin
- />Breast Cancer Functional Genomics Laboratory, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, CB2 0RE UK
| | - Carlos Caldas
- />Cambridge Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE UK
- />Cambridge Breast Unit and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge NHS Foundation Hospitals, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ UK
- />Breast Cancer Functional Genomics Laboratory, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, CB2 0RE UK
| | - David J Hunter
- />Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 USA
- />Program in Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Sara Lindstrom
- />Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 USA
- />Program in Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Montserrat Garcia-Closas
- />Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, SM2 5NG Surrey, UK
- />Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, Division of Breast Cancer Research, The Institute of Cancer Research, 123 Old Brompton Road, London, SW7 3RP UK
| | - Fergus J Couch
- />Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Georgia Chenevix-Trench
- />Department of Genetics, Qimr Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Brisbane, QLD 4006 Australia
| | - Arto Mannermaa
- />School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine and Cancer Center of Eastern Finland, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1C, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
- />Imaging Center, Department of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, Puijonlaaksontie 2, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Irene L Andrulis
- />Ontario Cancer Genetics Network, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5 Canada
- />Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, 1 King’s College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8 Canada
| | - Per Hall
- />Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 12A, Stockholm, 17177 Sweden
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- />Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Douglas F Easton
- />Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, 2 Wort’s Causeway, Cambridge, CB1 8RN UK
- />Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, 2 Wort’s Causeway, Cambridge, CB1 8RN UK
| | - Stig E Bojesen
- />Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev Ringvej 75, DK-2730 Herlev, Copenhagen Denmark
- />Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev Ringvej 75, DK-2730 Herlev, Copenhagen Denmark
- />Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2220 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Angela Cox
- />CRUK/YCR Sheffield Cancer Research Centre, Department of Oncology, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX UK
| | - Peter A Fasching
- />Institute of Human Genetics; University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-Emn, Universitaetsstrasse 21-23, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- />David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California at Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Paul DP Pharoah
- />Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, 2 Wort’s Causeway, Cambridge, CB1 8RN UK
- />Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, 2 Wort’s Causeway, Cambridge, CB1 8RN UK
| | - Marjanka K Schmidt
- />Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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4
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Peterlongo P, Chang-Claude J, Moysich KB, Rudolph A, Schmutzler RK, Simard J, Soucy P, Eeles RA, Easton DF, Hamann U, Wilkening S, Chen B, Rookus MA, Schmidt MK, van der Baan FH, Spurdle AB, Walker LC, Lose F, Maia AT, Montagna M, Matricardi L, Lubinski J, Jakubowska A, Gómez Garcia EB, Olopade OI, Nussbaum RL, Nathanson KL, Domchek SM, Rebbeck TR, Arun BK, Karlan BY, Orsulic S, Lester J, Chung WK, Miron A, Southey MC, Goldgar DE, Buys SS, Janavicius R, Dorfling CM, van Rensburg EJ, Ding YC, Neuhausen SL, Hansen TVO, Gerdes AM, Ejlertsen B, Jønson L, Osorio A, Martínez-Bouzas C, Benitez J, Conway EE, Blazer KR, Weitzel JN, Manoukian S, Peissel B, Zaffaroni D, Scuvera G, Barile M, Ficarazzi F, Mariette F, Fortuzzi S, Viel A, Giannini G, Papi L, Martayan A, Tibiletti MG, Radice P, Vratimos A, Fostira F, Garber JE, Donaldson A, Brewer C, Foo C, Evans DGR, Frost D, Eccles D, Brady A, Cook J, Tischkowitz M, Adlard J, Barwell J, Walker L, Izatt L, Side LE, Kennedy MJ, Rogers MT, Porteous ME, Morrison PJ, Platte R, Davidson R, Hodgson SV, Ellis S, Cole T, Godwin AK, Claes K, Van Maerken T, Meindl A, Gehrig A, Sutter C, Engel C, Niederacher D, Steinemann D, Plendl H, Kast K, Rhiem K, Ditsch N, Arnold N, Varon-Mateeva R, Wappenschmidt B, Wang-Gohrke S, Bressac-de Paillerets B, Buecher B, Delnatte C, Houdayer C, Stoppa-Lyonnet D, Damiola F, Coupier I, Barjhoux L, Venat-Bouvet L, Golmard L, Boutry-Kryza N, Sinilnikova OM, Caron O, Pujol P, Mazoyer S, Belotti M, Piedmonte M, Friedlander ML, Rodriguez GC, Copeland LJ, de la Hoya M, Segura PP, Nevanlinna H, Aittomäki K, van Os TAM, Meijers-Heijboer HEJ, van der Hout AH, Vreeswijk MPG, Hoogerbrugge N, Ausems MGEM, van Doorn HC, Collée JM, Olah E, Diez O, Blanco I, Lazaro C, Brunet J, Feliubadalo L, Cybulski C, Gronwald J, Durda K, Jaworska-Bieniek K, Sukiennicki G, Arason A, Chiquette J, Teixeira MR, Olswold C, Couch FJ, Lindor NM, Wang X, Szabo CI, Offit K, Corines M, Jacobs L, Robson ME, Zhang L, Joseph V, Berger A, Singer CF, Rappaport C, Kaulich DG, Pfeiler G, Tea MKM, Phelan CM, Greene MH, Mai PL, Rennert G, Mulligan AM, Glendon G, Tchatchou S, Andrulis IL, Toland AE, Bojesen A, Pedersen IS, Thomassen M, Jensen UB, Laitman Y, Rantala J, von Wachenfeldt A, Ehrencrona H, Askmalm MS, Borg Å, Kuchenbaecker KB, McGuffog L, Barrowdale D, Healey S, Lee A, Pharoah PDP, Chenevix-Trench G, Antoniou AC, Friedman E. Candidate genetic modifiers for breast and ovarian cancer risk in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2015; 24:308-16. [PMID: 25336561 PMCID: PMC4294951 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-14-0532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers are at substantially increased risk for developing breast and ovarian cancer. The incomplete penetrance coupled with the variable age at diagnosis in carriers of the same mutation suggests the existence of genetic and nongenetic modifying factors. In this study, we evaluated the putative role of variants in many candidate modifier genes. METHODS Genotyping data from 15,252 BRCA1 and 8,211 BRCA2 mutation carriers, for known variants (n = 3,248) located within or around 445 candidate genes, were available through the iCOGS custom-designed array. Breast and ovarian cancer association analysis was performed within a retrospective cohort approach. RESULTS The observed P values of association ranged between 0.005 and 1.000. None of the variants was significantly associated with breast or ovarian cancer risk in either BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation carriers, after multiple testing adjustments. CONCLUSION There is little evidence that any of the evaluated candidate variants act as modifiers of breast and/or ovarian cancer risk in BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation carriers. IMPACT Genome-wide association studies have been more successful at identifying genetic modifiers of BRCA1/2 penetrance than candidate gene studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Peterlongo
- IFOM, Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, Milan, Italy. Unit of Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk and Genetic Testing, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori (INT), Milan, Italy.
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kirsten B Moysich
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Anja Rudolph
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rita K Schmutzler
- Center for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Cologne, Germany. Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), Medical Faculty, University Hospital Cologne, Germany. Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Germany, on behalf of the German Consortium of Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer (GC-HBOC)
| | - Jacques Simard
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec Research Center and Laval University, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Penny Soucy
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec Research Center and Laval University, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Rosalind A Eeles
- Oncogenetics Team, The Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Douglas F Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ute Hamann
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Wilkening
- Genomic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bowang Chen
- Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matti A Rookus
- Department of Epidemiology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marjanka K Schmidt
- Division of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Amanda B Spurdle
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Logan C Walker
- Department of Pathology, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Felicity Lose
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ana-Teresa Maia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, Gambelas Campus, University of Algarve, Portugal
| | - Marco Montagna
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IOV - IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Laura Matricardi
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IOV - IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Jan Lubinski
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Anna Jakubowska
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | | | - Olufunmilayo I Olopade
- Center for Clinical Cancer Genetics, Department of Medicine and Human Genetics, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Robert L Nussbaum
- Department of Medicine and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Katherine L Nathanson
- Department of Medicine, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadephia, Pennsylvania
| | - Susan M Domchek
- Department of Medicine, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadephia, Pennsylvania
| | - Timothy R Rebbeck
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadephia, Pennsylvania
| | - Banu K Arun
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Beth Y Karlan
- Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Sandra Orsulic
- Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jenny Lester
- Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Wendy K Chung
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Alex Miron
- Department of Genetics and Genomics at Case Western Reserve Medical School, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Melissa C Southey
- Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - David E Goldgar
- Department of Dermatology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Saundra S Buys
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Ramunas Janavicius
- Vilnius University Hospital Santariskiu Clinics, Hematology, Oncology, and Transfusion Medicine Center, Dept. of Molecular and Regenerative Medicine; State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | | | | | - Yuan Chun Ding
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Susan L Neuhausen
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Thomas V O Hansen
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne-Marie Gerdes
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bent Ejlertsen
- Department of Oncology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Jønson
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ana Osorio
- Biomedical Network on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain. Human Genetics Group, Spanish National Cancer Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Martínez-Bouzas
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Cruces Hospital Barakaldo, 48903-Barakaldo-Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Javier Benitez
- Biomedical Network on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain. Human Genetics Group and Genotyping Unit, Spanish National Cancer Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Edye E Conway
- Saint Alphonsus Regional Medical Center, care of City of Hope Clinical Cancer Genetics Community Research Network, Duarte, California
| | | | - Jeffrey N Weitzel
- Clinical Cancer Genetics, City of Hope, Duarte, California (for the City of Hope Clinical Cancer Genetics Community Research Network)
| | - Siranoush Manoukian
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori (INT), Milan, Italy
| | - Bernard Peissel
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori (INT), Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Zaffaroni
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori (INT), Milan, Italy
| | - Giulietta Scuvera
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori (INT), Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Barile
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Milan, Italy
| | - Filomena Ficarazzi
- IFOM, Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, Milan, Italy. Cogentech Cancer Genetic Test Laboratory, Milan, Italy
| | - Frederique Mariette
- IFOM, Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, Milan, Italy. Cogentech Cancer Genetic Test Laboratory, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Fortuzzi
- IFOM, Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, Milan, Italy. Cogentech Cancer Genetic Test Laboratory, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Viel
- Division of Experimental Oncology 1, CRO Aviano National Cancer Institute, Aviano (PN), Italy
| | | | - Laura Papi
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Biomedical, Experimental, and Clinical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Aline Martayan
- Unit of Genetic Counseling, Medical Oncology Department, Istituto Nazionale Tumori Regina Elena, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Tibiletti
- UO Anatomia Patologica Ospedale di Circolo e Fondazione Macchi, Polo Universitario Varese, Italy
| | - Paolo Radice
- Unit of Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk and Genetic Testing, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori (INT), Milan, Italy
| | - Athanassios Vratimos
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, INRASTES, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Aghia Paraskevi Attikis, Athens, Greece
| | - Florentia Fostira
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, INRASTES, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Aghia Paraskevi Attikis, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Alan Donaldson
- Clinical Genetics Department, St. Michael's Hospital, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Carole Brewer
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Foo
- Cheshire & Merseyside Clinical Genetics Service, Liverpool Women's NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - D Gareth R Evans
- Genetic Medicine, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Debra Frost
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Diana Eccles
- University of Southampton, Faculty of Medicine, Southampton University Hospitals NHS Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Angela Brady
- North West Thames Regional Genetics Service, Kennedy-Galton Centre, Harrow, United Kingdom
| | - Jackie Cook
- Sheffield Clinical Genetics Service, Sheffield Children's Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Marc Tischkowitz
- Department of Clinical Genetics, East Anglian Regional Genetics Service, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Julian Adlard
- Yorkshire Regional Genetics Service, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Julian Barwell
- Leicestershire Clinical Genetics Service, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa Walker
- Oxford Regional Genetics Service, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Louise Izatt
- Clinical Genetics, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy E Side
- North East Thames Regional Genetics Service, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - M John Kennedy
- Academic Unit of Clinical and Molecular Oncology, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland. St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mark T Rogers
- All Wales Medical Genetics Services, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Mary E Porteous
- South East of Scotland Regional Genetics Service, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick J Morrison
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queens University of Belfast, Department of Medical Genetics, Belfast HSC Trust, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Radka Platte
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Rosemarie Davidson
- West of Scotland Regional Genetics Service, Southern General Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Shirley V Hodgson
- Medical Genetics Unit, St. George's, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Steve Ellis
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Trevor Cole
- West Midlands Regional Genetics Service, Birmingham Women's Hospital Healthcare NHS Trust, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew K Godwin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Kathleen Claes
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tom Van Maerken
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Alfons Meindl
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Division of Tumor Genetics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Germany
| | - Andrea Gehrig
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Würzburg, Wurzburg, Germany
| | | | - Christoph Engel
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics, and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | | | - Hansjoerg Plendl
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein/University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Karin Kast
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Kerstin Rhiem
- Center for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Cologne, Germany. Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), Medical Faculty, University Hospital Cologne, Germany. Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Nina Ditsch
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Norbert Arnold
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein/University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Barbara Wappenschmidt
- Center for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Cologne, Germany. Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), Medical Faculty, University Hospital Cologne, Germany. Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Shan Wang-Gohrke
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Ulm, Germany
| | - Brigitte Bressac-de Paillerets
- INSERM U946, Fondation Jean Dausset, Paris, France. Service de Génétique, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Bruno Buecher
- Institut Curie, Department of Tumour Biology, Paris, France
| | | | - Claude Houdayer
- Institut Curie, Department of Tumour Biology, Paris, France. Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
| | - Dominique Stoppa-Lyonnet
- Institut Curie, Department of Tumour Biology, Paris, France. Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France. Institut Curie, INSERM U830, Paris, France
| | - Francesca Damiola
- INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Université Lyon 1, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Isabelle Coupier
- Unité d'Oncogénétique, CHU Arnaud de Villeneuve, Montpellier, France. Unité d'Oncogénétique, CRLCC Val d'Aurelle, Montpellier, France
| | - Laure Barjhoux
- Unité d'Oncogénétique, CRLCC Val d'Aurelle, Montpellier, France
| | - Laurence Venat-Bouvet
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Dupuytren, Limoges, France
| | - Lisa Golmard
- Institut Curie, Department of Tumour Biology, Paris, France
| | - Nadia Boutry-Kryza
- Unité Mixte de Génétique Constitutionnelle des Cancers Fréquents, Hospices Civils de Lyon - Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Olga M Sinilnikova
- INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Université Lyon 1, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France. Unité Mixte de Génétique Constitutionnelle des Cancers Fréquents, Hospices Civils de Lyon - Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France. IFOM, Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, Milan, Italy
| | - Olivier Caron
- Consultation de Génétique, Département de Médecine, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Pascal Pujol
- Unité d'Oncogénétique, CHU Arnaud de Villeneuve, Montpellier, France. INSERM 896, CRCM Val d'Aurelle, Montpellier, France
| | - Sylvie Mazoyer
- INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Université Lyon 1, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Muriel Belotti
- Institut Curie, Department of Tumour Biology, Paris, France
| | - Marion Piedmonte
- Gynecologic Oncology Group Statistical and Data Center, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Michael L Friedlander
- Australia New Zealand Gynaecological Oncology Group (ANZGOG), Coordinating Centre, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Gustavo C Rodriguez
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois
| | - Larry J Copeland
- Ohio State University, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hilliard, Ohio
| | - Miguel de la Hoya
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Hospital Clinico San Carlos, IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro Perez Segura
- Department of Oncology, Hospital Clinico San Carlos, IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Heli Nevanlinna
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland. University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kristiina Aittomäki
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Theo A M van Os
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Annemarie H van der Hout
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center, Groningen University, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Maaike P G Vreeswijk
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Nicoline Hoogerbrugge
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Margreet G E M Ausems
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Helena C van Doorn
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Erasmus University MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - J Margriet Collée
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Family Cancer Clinic, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Edith Olah
- Department of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Orland Diez
- Oncogenetics Group, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain. Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ignacio Blanco
- Genetic Counseling Unit, Hereditary Cancer Program, IDIBELL-Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Conxi Lazaro
- Molecular Diagnostic Unit, Hereditary Cancer Program, IDIBELL-Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Brunet
- Genetic Counseling Unit, Hereditary Cancer Program, IDIBGI-Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona, Spain
| | | | - Cezary Cybulski
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jacek Gronwald
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Durda
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | | | - Grzegorz Sukiennicki
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Adalgeir Arason
- BMC, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland. Department of Pathology, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Jocelyne Chiquette
- Unité de Recherche en Santé des Populations, Centre des Maladies du Sein Deschênes-Fabia, Centre de Recherche FRSQ du Centre Hospitalier Affilié Universitaire de Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Manuel R Teixeira
- Biomedical Sciences Institute (ICBAS), Porto University, Porto, Portugal. Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute, Porto, Portugal
| | - Curtis Olswold
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnessotta
| | - Fergus J Couch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, and Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnessotta
| | | | - Xianshu Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnessotta
| | - Csilla I Szabo
- National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Kenneth Offit
- Clinical Genetics Research Laboratory, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Marina Corines
- Clinical Genetics Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Lauren Jacobs
- Clinical Genetics Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Mark E Robson
- Clinical Genetics Research Laboratory, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Liying Zhang
- Diagnostic Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Vijai Joseph
- Clinical Genetics Research Laboratory, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Andreas Berger
- Department of OB/GYN and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian F Singer
- Department of OB/GYN and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christine Rappaport
- Department of OB/GYN and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Georg Pfeiler
- Department of OB/GYN and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Muy-Kheng M Tea
- Department of OB/GYN and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Catherine M Phelan
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Mark H Greene
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Phuong L Mai
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Gad Rennert
- Clalit National Cancer Control Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Anna Marie Mulligan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gord Glendon
- Ontario Cancer Genetics Network: Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sandrine Tchatchou
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Irene L Andrulis
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Departments of Molecular Genetics and Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amanda Ewart Toland
- Division of Human Cancer Genetics, Departments of Internal Medicine and Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Anders Bojesen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Vejle Hospital, Vejle, Denmark
| | - Inge Sokilde Pedersen
- Section of Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Mads Thomassen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Uffe Birk Jensen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Johanna Rantala
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Hans Ehrencrona
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden. Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marie Stenmark Askmalm
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Åke Borg
- Department of Oncology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Karoline B Kuchenbaecker
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Lesley McGuffog
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Barrowdale
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sue Healey
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Andrew Lee
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Paul D P Pharoah
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Antonis C Antoniou
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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5
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Purrington KS, Slettedahl S, Bolla MK, Michailidou K, Czene K, Nevanlinna H, Bojesen SE, Andrulis IL, Cox A, Hall P, Carpenter J, Yannoukakos D, Haiman CA, Fasching PA, Mannermaa A, Winqvist R, Brenner H, Lindblom A, Chenevix-Trench G, Benitez J, Swerdlow A, Kristensen V, Guénel P, Meindl A, Darabi H, Eriksson M, Fagerholm R, Aittomäki K, Blomqvist C, Nordestgaard BG, Nielsen SF, Flyger H, Wang X, Olswold C, Olson JE, Mulligan AM, Knight JA, Tchatchou S, Reed MWR, Cross SS, Liu J, Li J, Humphreys K, Clarke C, Scott R, Fostira F, Fountzilas G, Konstantopoulou I, Henderson BE, Schumacher F, Le Marchand L, Ekici AB, Hartmann A, Beckmann MW, Hartikainen JM, Kosma VM, Kataja V, Jukkola-Vuorinen A, Pylkäs K, Kauppila S, Dieffenbach AK, Stegmaier C, Arndt V, Margolin S, Balleine R, Arias Perez JI, Pilar Zamora M, Menéndez P, Ashworth A, Jones M, Orr N, Arveux P, Kerbrat P, Truong T, Bugert P, Toland AE, Ambrosone CB, Labrèche F, Goldberg MS, Dumont M, Ziogas A, Lee E, Dite GS, Apicella C, Southey MC, Long J, Shrubsole M, Deming-Halverson S, Ficarazzi F, Barile M, Peterlongo P, Durda K, Jaworska-Bieniek K, Tollenaar RAEM, Seynaeve C, Brüning T, Ko YD, Van Deurzen CHM, Martens JWM, Kriege M, Figueroa JD, Chanock SJ, Lissowska J, Tomlinson I, Kerin MJ, Miller N, Schneeweiss A, Tapper WJ, Gerty SM, Durcan L, Mclean C, Milne RL, Baglietto L, dos Santos Silva I, Fletcher O, Johnson N, Van'T Veer LJ, Cornelissen S, Försti A, Torres D, Rüdiger T, Rudolph A, Flesch-Janys D, Nickels S, Weltens C, Floris G, Moisse M, Dennis J, Wang Q, Dunning AM, Shah M, Brown J, Simard J, Anton-Culver H, Neuhausen SL, Hopper JL, Bogdanova N, Dörk T, Zheng W, Radice P, Jakubowska A, Lubinski J, Devillee P, Brauch H, Hooning M, García-Closas M, Sawyer E, Burwinkel B, Marmee F, Eccles DM, Giles GG, Peto J, Schmidt M, Broeks A, Hamann U, Chang-Claude J, Lambrechts D, Pharoah PDP, Easton D, Pankratz VS, Slager S, Vachon CM, Couch FJ. Genetic variation in mitotic regulatory pathway genes is associated with breast tumor grade. Hum Mol Genet 2014; 23:6034-46. [PMID: 24927736 PMCID: PMC4204763 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Revised: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitotic index is an important component of histologic grade and has an etiologic role in breast tumorigenesis. Several small candidate gene studies have reported associations between variation in mitotic genes and breast cancer risk. We measured associations between 2156 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 194 mitotic genes and breast cancer risk, overall and by histologic grade, in the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC) iCOGS study (n = 39 067 cases; n = 42 106 controls). SNPs in TACC2 [rs17550038: odds ratio (OR) = 1.24, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.16-1.33, P = 4.2 × 10(-10)) and EIF3H (rs799890: OR = 1.07, 95% CI 1.04-1.11, P = 8.7 × 10(-6)) were significantly associated with risk of low-grade breast cancer. The TACC2 signal was retained (rs17550038: OR = 1.15, 95% CI 1.07-1.23, P = 7.9 × 10(-5)) after adjustment for breast cancer risk SNPs in the nearby FGFR2 gene, suggesting that TACC2 is a novel, independent genome-wide significant genetic risk locus for low-grade breast cancer. While no SNPs were individually associated with high-grade disease, a pathway-level gene set analysis showed that variation across the 194 mitotic genes was associated with high-grade breast cancer risk (P = 2.1 × 10(-3)). These observations will provide insight into the contribution of mitotic defects to histological grade and the etiology of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen S Purrington
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine and Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, USA
| | | | - Manjeet K Bolla
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care
| | - Kyriaki Michailidou
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care
| | - Kamila Czene
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics
| | | | - Stig E Bojesen
- Copenhagen General Population Study, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Irene L Andrulis
- Ontario Cancer Genetics Network, Department of Molecular Genetics
| | - Angela Cox
- CRUK/YCR Sheffield Cancer Research Centre, Department of Oncology
| | - Per Hall
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics
| | | | - Drakoulis Yannoukakos
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory INRASTES, National Centre for Scientific Research 'Demokritos', Athens, Greece
| | - Christopher A Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Peter A Fasching
- University Breast Center Franconia, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Arto Mannermaa
- School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oncology, Cancer Center of Eastern Finland, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland, Imaging Center, Department of Clinical Pathology
| | - Robert Winqvist
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu University Hospital/NordLab Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | - Javier Benitez
- Human Genetics Group, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain, Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain
| | - Anthony Swerdlow
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Division of Breast Cancer Research, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK
| | - Vessela Kristensen
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway, Faculty of Medicine (Faculty Division Ahus), University of Oslo (UiO), Oslo, Norway
| | - Pascal Guénel
- Inserm (National Institute of Health and Medical Research), CESP (Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health), U1018, Environmental Epidemiology of Cancer, Villejuif, France, University Paris-Sud, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France
| | - Alfons Meindl
- Division of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Hatef Darabi
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics
| | | | - Rainer Fagerholm
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oncology and Clinical Genetics
| | | | - Carl Blomqvist
- Department of Oncology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Børge G Nordestgaard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Henrik Flyger
- Department of Breast Surgery, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Xianshu Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, USA
| | | | | | - Anna Marie Mulligan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Julia A Knight
- Prosserman Centre for Health Research, Division of Epidemiology, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sandrine Tchatchou
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Malcolm W R Reed
- CRUK/YCR Sheffield Cancer Research Centre, Department of Oncology
| | - Simon S Cross
- Academic Unit of Pathology, Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Human Genetics Division, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jingmei Li
- Human Genetics Division, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Christine Clarke
- Westmead Institute for Cancer Research, Sydney Medical School Westmead, University of Sydney at the Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead, Australia
| | - Rodney Scott
- Division of Genetics, Hunter Area Pathology Service and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Florentia Fostira
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory INRASTES, National Centre for Scientific Research 'Demokritos', Athens, Greece
| | - George Fountzilas
- Department of Medical Oncology, "Papageorgiou" Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki School of Medicine, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Irene Konstantopoulou
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory INRASTES, National Centre for Scientific Research 'Demokritos', Athens, Greece
| | - Brian E Henderson
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Fredrick Schumacher
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Loic Le Marchand
- Epidemiology Program, Cancer Research Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, USA
| | | | - Arndt Hartmann
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Jaana M Hartikainen
- School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oncology, Cancer Center of Eastern Finland, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland, Imaging Center, Department of Clinical Pathology
| | - Veli-Matti Kosma
- School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oncology, Cancer Center of Eastern Finland, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland, Imaging Center, Department of Clinical Pathology
| | - Vesa Kataja
- School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oncology, Cancer Center of Eastern Finland, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland, Cancer Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Katri Pylkäs
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu University Hospital/NordLab Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Saila Kauppila
- Department of Pathology, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Aida Karina Dieffenbach
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Volker Arndt
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research
| | - Sara Margolin
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rosemary Balleine
- Westmead Millenium Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - M Pilar Zamora
- Servicio de Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Alan Ashworth
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre and Division of Breast Cancer Research
| | | | - Nick Orr
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre and Division of Breast Cancer Research
| | - Patrick Arveux
- Center Georges-Francois Leclerc, Registry of Gynecologic Tumors, Dijon, France
| | - Pierre Kerbrat
- Centre Eugène Marquis, Department of Medical Oncology, Rennes, France
| | - Thérèse Truong
- Inserm (National Institute of Health and Medical Research), CESP (Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health), U1018, Environmental Epidemiology of Cancer, Villejuif, France, University Paris-Sud, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France
| | - Peter Bugert
- German Red Cross Blood Service of Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, Mannheim, Germany, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Amanda E Toland
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, USA
| | | | - France Labrèche
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health and of Social & Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Mark S Goldberg
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada, Division of Clinical Epidemiology, McGill University Health Centre, Royal Victoria Hospital, Montreal, Canada
| | - Martine Dumont
- Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec Research Center and Laval University, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Argyrios Ziogas
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, USA
| | - Eunjung Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Gillian S Dite
- Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, Melbourne School of Population Health
| | - Carmel Apicella
- Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, Melbourne School of Population Health
| | | | - Jirong Long
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, USA
| | - Martha Shrubsole
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, USA
| | - Sandra Deming-Halverson
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, USA
| | - Filomena Ficarazzi
- Cogentech Cancer Genetic Test Laboratory, Milan, Italy, IFOM, Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Barile
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia (IEO), Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Peterlongo
- IFOM, Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, Milan, Italy
| | - Katarzyna Durda
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | | | | | - Caroline Seynaeve
- Family Cancer Clinic, Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC-Daniel den Hoed Cancer Centrer, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Brüning
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance (IPA), Bochum, Germany
| | - Yon-Dschun Ko
- Department of Internal Medicine, Evangelische Kliniken Bonn gGmbH, Johanniter Krankenhaus, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - John W M Martens
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mieke Kriege
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jonine D Figueroa
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, USA
| | - Stephen J Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, USA
| | - Jolanta Lissowska
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, M. Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center & Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ian Tomlinson
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics and Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Michael J Kerin
- Clinical Science Institute, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Nicola Miller
- Clinical Science Institute, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Andreas Schneeweiss
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Center for Tumor Diseases, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Susan M Gerty
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Lorraine Durcan
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Catriona Mclean
- Anatomical Pathology, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Roger L Milne
- Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic, and Analytic Epidemiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia, Cancer Epidemiology Centre, The Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Laura Baglietto
- Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic, and Analytic Epidemiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia, Cancer Epidemiology Centre, The Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Isabel dos Santos Silva
- Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Olivia Fletcher
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Nichola Johnson
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Laura J Van'T Veer
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sten Cornelissen
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Asta Försti
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, Center for Primary Health Care Research, University of Lund, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Diana Torres
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, Institute of Human Genetics, Pontificia University Javeriana, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Thomas Rüdiger
- Institute of Pathology, Städtisches Klinikum Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | - Dieter Flesch-Janys
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology/Clinical Cancer Registry and Institute for Medical Biometrics and Epidemiology, University Clinic Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Matthieu Moisse
- Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium, Vesalius Research Center (VRC), VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Joe Dennis
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care
| | - Qin Wang
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care
| | - Alison M Dunning
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mitul Shah
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Judith Brown
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care
| | - Jacques Simard
- Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec Research Center and Laval University, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Hoda Anton-Culver
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, USA
| | | | - John L Hopper
- Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, Melbourne School of Population Health
| | | | - Thilo Dörk
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, USA
| | - Paolo Radice
- Unit of Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk and Genetic Testing, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori (INT), Milan, Italy and
| | - Anna Jakubowska
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jan Lubinski
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Peter Devillee
- Department of Human Genetics & Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hiltrud Brauch
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Maartje Hooning
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Elinor Sawyer
- Division of Cancer Studies, Kings College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Barbara Burwinkel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Molecular Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frederick Marmee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Center for Tumor Diseases, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Diana M Eccles
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Graham G Giles
- Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic, and Analytic Epidemiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia, Cancer Epidemiology Centre, The Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Julian Peto
- Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Marjanka Schmidt
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annegien Broeks
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Diether Lambrechts
- Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium, Vesalius Research Center (VRC), VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paul D P Pharoah
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Douglas Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | | | - Fergus J Couch
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, USA,
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Bojesen SE, Pooley KA, Johnatty SE, Beesley J, Michailidou K, Tyrer JP, Edwards SL, Pickett HA, Shen HC, Smart CE, Hillman KM, Mai PL, Lawrenson K, Stutz MD, Lu Y, Karevan R, Woods N, Johnston RL, French JD, Chen X, Weischer M, Nielsen SF, Maranian MJ, Ghoussaini M, Ahmed S, Baynes C, Bolla MK, Wang Q, Dennis J, McGuffog L, Barrowdale D, Lee A, Healey S, Lush M, Tessier DC, Vincent D, Bacot F, Vergote I, Lambrechts S, Despierre E, Risch HA, González-Neira A, Rossing MA, Pita G, Doherty JA, Álvarez N, Larson MC, Fridley BL, Schoof N, Chang-Claude J, Cicek MS, Peto J, Kalli KR, Broeks A, Armasu SM, Schmidt MK, Braaf LM, Winterhoff B, Nevanlinna H, Konecny GE, Lambrechts D, Rogmann L, Guénel P, Teoman A, Milne RL, Garcia JJ, Cox A, Shridhar V, Burwinkel B, Marme F, Hein R, Sawyer EJ, Haiman CA, Wang-Gohrke S, Andrulis IL, Moysich KB, Hopper JL, Odunsi K, Lindblom A, Giles GG, Brenner H, Simard J, Lurie G, Fasching PA, Carney ME, Radice P, Wilkens LR, Swerdlow A, Goodman MT, Brauch H, García-Closas M, Hillemanns P, Winqvist R, Dürst M, Devilee P, Runnebaum I, Jakubowska A, Lubinski J, Mannermaa A, Butzow R, Bogdanova NV, Dörk T, Pelttari LM, Zheng W, Leminen A, Anton-Culver H, Bunker CH, Kristensen V, Ness RB, Muir K, Edwards R, Meindl A, Heitz F, Matsuo K, du Bois A, Wu AH, Harter P, Teo SH, Schwaab I, Shu XO, Blot W, Hosono S, Kang D, Nakanishi T, Hartman M, Yatabe Y, Hamann U, Karlan BY, Sangrajrang S, Kjaer SK, Gaborieau V, Jensen A, Eccles D, Høgdall E, Shen CY, Brown J, Woo YL, Shah M, Azmi MAN, Luben R, Omar SZ, Czene K, Vierkant RA, Nordestgaard BG, Flyger H, Vachon C, Olson JE, Wang X, Levine DA, Rudolph A, Weber RP, Flesch-Janys D, Iversen E, Nickels S, Schildkraut JM, Silva IDS, Cramer DW, Gibson L, Terry KL, Fletcher O, Vitonis AF, van der Schoot CE, Poole EM, Hogervorst FBL, Tworoger SS, Liu J, Bandera EV, Li J, Olson SH, Humphreys K, Orlow I, Blomqvist C, Rodriguez-Rodriguez L, Aittomäki K, Salvesen HB, Muranen TA, Wik E, Brouwers B, Krakstad C, Wauters E, Halle MK, Wildiers H, Kiemeney LA, Mulot C, Aben KK, Laurent-Puig P, van Altena AM, Truong T, Massuger LFAG, Benitez J, Pejovic T, Perez JIA, Hoatlin M, Zamora MP, Cook LS, Balasubramanian SP, Kelemen LE, Schneeweiss A, Le ND, Sohn C, Brooks-Wilson A, Tomlinson I, Kerin MJ, Miller N, Cybulski C, Henderson BE, Menkiszak J, Schumacher F, Wentzensen N, Marchand LL, Yang HP, Mulligan AM, Glendon G, Engelholm SA, Knight JA, Høgdall CK, Apicella C, Gore M, Tsimiklis H, Song H, Southey MC, Jager A, van den Ouweland AMW, Brown R, Martens JWM, Flanagan JM, Kriege M, Paul J, Margolin S, Siddiqui N, Severi G, Whittemore AS, Baglietto L, McGuire V, Stegmaier C, Sieh W, Müller H, Arndt V, Labrèche F, Gao YT, Goldberg MS, Yang G, Dumont M, McLaughlin JR, Hartmann A, Ekici AB, Beckmann MW, Phelan CM, Lux MP, Permuth-Wey J, Peissel B, Sellers TA, Ficarazzi F, Barile M, Ziogas A, Ashworth A, Gentry-Maharaj A, Jones M, Ramus SJ, Orr N, Menon U, Pearce CL, Brüning T, Pike MC, Ko YD, Lissowska J, Figueroa J, Kupryjanczyk J, Chanock SJ, Dansonka-Mieszkowska A, Jukkola-Vuorinen A, Rzepecka IK, Pylkäs K, Bidzinski M, Kauppila S, Hollestelle A, Seynaeve C, Tollenaar RAEM, Durda K, Jaworska K, Hartikainen JM, Kosma VM, Kataja V, Antonenkova NN, Long J, Shrubsole M, Deming-Halverson S, Lophatananon A, Siriwanarangsan P, Stewart-Brown S, Ditsch N, Lichtner P, Schmutzler RK, Ito H, Iwata H, Tajima K, Tseng CC, Stram DO, van den Berg D, Yip CH, Ikram MK, Teh YC, Cai H, Lu W, Signorello LB, Cai Q, Noh DY, Yoo KY, Miao H, Iau PTC, Teo YY, McKay J, Shapiro C, Ademuyiwa F, Fountzilas G, Hsiung CN, Yu JC, Hou MF, Healey CS, Luccarini C, Peock S, Stoppa-Lyonnet D, Peterlongo P, Rebbeck TR, Piedmonte M, Singer CF, Friedman E, Thomassen M, Offit K, Hansen TVO, Neuhausen SL, Szabo CI, Blanco I, Garber J, Narod SA, Weitzel JN, Montagna M, Olah E, Godwin AK, Yannoukakos D, Goldgar DE, Caldes T, Imyanitov EN, Tihomirova L, Arun BK, Campbell I, Mensenkamp AR, van Asperen CJ, van Roozendaal KEP, Meijers-Heijboer H, Collée JM, Oosterwijk JC, Hooning MJ, Rookus MA, van der Luijt RB, van Os TAM, Evans DG, Frost D, Fineberg E, Barwell J, Walker L, Kennedy MJ, Platte R, Davidson R, Ellis SD, Cole T, Paillerets BBD, Buecher B, Damiola F, Faivre L, Frenay M, Sinilnikova OM, Caron O, Giraud S, Mazoyer S, Bonadona V, Caux-Moncoutier V, Toloczko-Grabarek A, Gronwald J, Byrski T, Spurdle AB, Bonanni B, Zaffaroni D, Giannini G, Bernard L, Dolcetti R, Manoukian S, Arnold N, Engel C, Deissler H, Rhiem K, Niederacher D, Plendl H, Sutter C, Wappenschmidt B, Borg Å, Melin B, Rantala J, Soller M, Nathanson KL, Domchek SM, Rodriguez GC, Salani R, Kaulich DG, Tea MK, Paluch SS, Laitman Y, Skytte AB, Kruse TA, Jensen UB, Robson M, Gerdes AM, Ejlertsen B, Foretova L, Savage SA, Lester J, Soucy P, Kuchenbaecker KB, Olswold C, Cunningham JM, Slager S, Pankratz VS, Dicks E, Lakhani SR, Couch FJ, Hall P, Monteiro ANA, Gayther SA, Pharoah PDP, Reddel RR, Goode EL, Greene MH, Easton DF, Berchuck A, Antoniou AC, Chenevix-Trench G, Dunning AM. Multiple independent variants at the TERT locus are associated with telomere length and risks of breast and ovarian cancer. Nat Genet 2013; 45:371-84, 384e1-2. [PMID: 23535731 PMCID: PMC3670748 DOI: 10.1038/ng.2566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 435] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Accepted: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
TERT-locus SNPs and leukocyte telomere measures are reportedly associated with risks of multiple cancers. Using the Illumina custom genotyping array iCOGs, we analyzed ∼480 SNPs at the TERT locus in breast (n = 103,991), ovarian (n = 39,774) and BRCA1 mutation carrier (n = 11,705) cancer cases and controls. Leukocyte telomere measurements were also available for 53,724 participants. Most associations cluster into three independent peaks. The minor allele at the peak 1 SNP rs2736108 associates with longer telomeres (P = 5.8 × 10(-7)), lower risks for estrogen receptor (ER)-negative (P = 1.0 × 10(-8)) and BRCA1 mutation carrier (P = 1.1 × 10(-5)) breast cancers and altered promoter assay signal. The minor allele at the peak 2 SNP rs7705526 associates with longer telomeres (P = 2.3 × 10(-14)), higher risk of low-malignant-potential ovarian cancer (P = 1.3 × 10(-15)) and greater promoter activity. The minor alleles at the peak 3 SNPs rs10069690 and rs2242652 increase ER-negative (P = 1.2 × 10(-12)) and BRCA1 mutation carrier (P = 1.6 × 10(-14)) breast and invasive ovarian (P = 1.3 × 10(-11)) cancer risks but not via altered telomere length. The cancer risk alleles of rs2242652 and rs10069690, respectively, increase silencing and generate a truncated TERT splice variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stig E Bojesen
- Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karen A Pooley
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sharon E Johnatty
- Department of Genetics, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jonathan Beesley
- Department of Genetics, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kyriaki Michailidou
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jonathan P Tyrer
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stacey L Edwards
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Hilda A Pickett
- Cancer Research Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, Westmead, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Howard C Shen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Chanel E Smart
- University of Queensland, UQ Centre for Clinical Research (UQCCR) Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Kristine M Hillman
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Phuong L Mai
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Kate Lawrenson
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michael D Stutz
- Cancer Research Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, Westmead, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Yi Lu
- Department of Genetics, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Rod Karevan
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas Woods
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Rebecca L Johnston
- University of Queensland, UQ Centre for Clinical Research (UQCCR) Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Juliet D French
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Xiaoqing Chen
- Department of Genetics, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Maren Weischer
- Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sune F Nielsen
- Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Melanie J Maranian
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Maya Ghoussaini
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Shahana Ahmed
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Caroline Baynes
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Manjeet K Bolla
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Qin Wang
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Joe Dennis
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lesley McGuffog
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Daniel Barrowdale
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andrew Lee
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sue Healey
- Department of Genetics, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Michael Lush
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Daniel C Tessier
- McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Génome Québec Innovation Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Daniel Vincent
- McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Génome Québec Innovation Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Françis Bacot
- McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Génome Québec Innovation Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Study Group members
- Australian Cancer Study, Australian Ovarian Cancer Study Group, kConFab, GENICA, SWE-BRCA, HEBON, EMBRACE, GEMO Study Collaborators. Full membership lists are provided in the Supplementary Note
| | - Ignace Vergote
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven Cancer Institute, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sandrina Lambrechts
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven Cancer Institute, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Evelyn Despierre
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven Cancer Institute, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Harvey A Risch
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale University School of Public Health and School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Anna González-Neira
- Human Genotyping-CEGEN Unit, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mary Anne Rossing
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Program in Epidemiology, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Guillermo Pita
- Human Genotyping-CEGEN Unit, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jennifer A Doherty
- Section of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Nuria Álvarez
- Human Genotyping-CEGEN Unit, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Melissa C Larson
- Department of Health Science Research, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Brooke L Fridley
- Department of Health Science Research, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Nils Schoof
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mine S Cicek
- Department of Health Science Research, Division of Epidemiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Julian Peto
- Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | | | - Annegien Broeks
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sebastian M Armasu
- Department of Health Science Research, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Marjanka K Schmidt
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Division of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Linde M Braaf
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Boris Winterhoff
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Heli Nevanlinna
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Gottfried E Konecny
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California at Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Diether Lambrechts
- Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Belgium
- Vesalius Research Center (VRC), VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lisa Rogmann
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Pascal Guénel
- INSERM U1018, CESP (Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health), Environmental Epidemiology of Cancer, Villejuif, France
- University Paris-Sud, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France
| | - Attila Teoman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Roger L Milne
- Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Group, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquin J Garcia
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Division of Experimental Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Angela Cox
- CRUK/YCR Sheffield Cancer Research Centre, Department of Oncology, University of Sheffield, UK
| | - Vijayalakshmi Shridhar
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Division of Experimental Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Barbara Burwinkel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Molecular Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frederik Marme
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rebecca Hein
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- PMV Research Group at the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Elinor J Sawyer
- Division of Cancer Studies, NIHR Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre, Guy's & St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust in partnership with King's College London, London, UK
| | - Christopher A Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shan Wang-Gohrke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Irene L Andrulis
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Ontario Cancer Genetics Network, Fred A. Litwin Center for Cancer Genetics, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kirsten B Moysich
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - John L Hopper
- Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kunle Odunsi
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Annika Lindblom
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Graham G Giles
- Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, The Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jacques Simard
- Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec and Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Galina Lurie
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, HI, USA
| | - Peter A Fasching
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California at Los Angeles, CA, USA
- University Breast Center Franconia, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael E Carney
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, HI, USA
| | - Paolo Radice
- Unit of Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk and Genetic Testing, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori (INT), Milan, Italy
- IFOM, Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, Milan, Italy
| | - Lynne R Wilkens
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, HI, USA
| | - Anthony Swerdlow
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, UK
- Division of Breast Cancer Research, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, UK
| | - Marc T Goodman
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hiltrud Brauch
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
- University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Montserrat García-Closas
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, Division of Breast Cancer Research, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Peter Hillemanns
- Clinics of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Robert Winqvist
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Department of Clinical Genetics, University of Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Matthias Dürst
- Department of Gynecology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Peter Devilee
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ingo Runnebaum
- Department of Gynecology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Anna Jakubowska
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jan Lubinski
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Arto Mannermaa
- Imaging Center, Department of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Biocenter Kuopio, Cancer Center of Eastern Finland, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ralf Butzow
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Pathology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Natalia V Bogdanova
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thilo Dörk
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Liisa M Pelttari
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Arto Leminen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hoda Anton-Culver
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Clareann H Bunker
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Vessela Kristensen
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine (Faculty Division Ahus), UiO, Norway
| | - Roberta B Ness
- The University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kenneth Muir
- Warwick Medical School, Warwick University, Coventry, UK
- Institute of Population Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Alfons Meindl
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Division of Tumor Genetics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Florian Heitz
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Dr. Horst Schmidt Klinik Wiesbaden, Wiesbaden, Germany
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Essen, Germany
| | - Keitaro Matsuo
- Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Andreas du Bois
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Dr. Horst Schmidt Klinik Wiesbaden, Wiesbaden, Germany
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Essen, Germany
| | - Anna H Wu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Philipp Harter
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Dr. Horst Schmidt Klinik Wiesbaden, Wiesbaden, Germany
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Essen, Germany
| | - Soo-Hwang Teo
- Cancer Research Initiatives Foundation, Sime Darby Medical Centre, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
- Breast Cancer Research Unit, University Malaya Cancer Research Institute, University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ira Schwaab
- Institut für Humangenetik Wiesbaden, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - William Blot
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- International Epidemiology Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Satoyo Hosono
- Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Daehee Kang
- Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Toru Nakanishi
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Aichi Cancer Center Central Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Mikael Hartman
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore
| | - Yasushi Yatabe
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Diagnostic, Aichi Cancer Center Central Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Ute Hamann
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Beth Y Karlan
- Women's Cancer Program, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Susanne Krüger Kjaer
- Virus, Lifestyle and Genes, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Juliane Marie Centre, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Allan Jensen
- Virus, Lifestyle and Genes, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Diana Eccles
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Estrid Høgdall
- Virus, Lifestyle and Genes, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Molecular Unit, Department of Pathology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Chen-Yang Shen
- Colleague of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichong, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Judith Brown
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Yin Ling Woo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya Medical Centre, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mitul Shah
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mat Adenan Noor Azmi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya Medical Centre, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Robert Luben
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Siti Zawiah Omar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya Medical Centre, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kamila Czene
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Robert A Vierkant
- Department of Health Science Research, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Børge G Nordestgaard
- Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik Flyger
- Department of Breast Surgery, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Celine Vachon
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Janet E Olson
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Xianshu Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Division of Experimental Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Douglas A Levine
- Gynecology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anja Rudolph
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rachel Palmieri Weber
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Dieter Flesch-Janys
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology/Clinical Cancer Registry, University Clinic Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute for Medical Biometrics and Epidemiology, University Clinic Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Edwin Iversen
- Department of Statistical Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Cancer Prevention, Detection and Control Research Program, Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Stefan Nickels
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Joellen M Schildkraut
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Cancer Prevention, Detection and Control Research Program, Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Isabel Dos Santos Silva
- Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Daniel W Cramer
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Epidemiology Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lorna Gibson
- Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Kathryn L Terry
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Epidemiology Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Olivia Fletcher
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, Division of Breast Cancer Research, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Allison F Vitonis
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Epidemiology Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth M Poole
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Frans B L Hogervorst
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Shelley S Tworoger
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Human Genetics Division, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Elisa V Bandera
- The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Jingmei Li
- Human Genetics Division, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sara H Olson
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Keith Humphreys
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Irene Orlow
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Carl Blomqvist
- Department of Oncology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Kristiina Aittomäki
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Helga B Salvesen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Taru A Muranen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elisabeth Wik
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Barbara Brouwers
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of General Medical Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven Cancer Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Camilla Krakstad
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Els Wauters
- Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Belgium
- Vesalius Research Center (VRC), VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mari K Halle
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Hans Wildiers
- Department of General Medical Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lambertus A Kiemeney
- Comprehensive Cancer Center The Netherlands, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and HTA, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department of Urology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Claire Mulot
- Université Paris Sorbonne Cité, UMR-S775 Inserm, Paris, France
| | - Katja K Aben
- Comprehensive Cancer Center The Netherlands, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and HTA, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | | | - Anne M van Altena
- Department of Gynecology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Thérèse Truong
- INSERM U1018, CESP (Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health), Environmental Epidemiology of Cancer, Villejuif, France
- University Paris-Sud, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France
| | - Leon F A G Massuger
- Department of Gynecology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Javier Benitez
- Human Genotyping-CEGEN Unit, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
- Human Genetics Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Network on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Tanja Pejovic
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | | | - Maureen Hoatlin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - M Pilar Zamora
- Servicio de Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Linda S Cook
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | | | - Linda E Kelemen
- Department of Population Health Research, Alberta Health Services-Cancer Care, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Oncology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Andreas Schneeweiss
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nhu D Le
- Cancer Control Research, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Christof Sohn
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Angela Brooks-Wilson
- Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Ian Tomlinson
- Welcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, UK
- Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Michael J Kerin
- School of medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland
| | - Nicola Miller
- School of medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland
| | - Cezary Cybulski
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical Academy, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Brian E Henderson
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Janusz Menkiszak
- Department of Surgical Gynecology and Gynecological Oncology of Adults and Adolescents, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Fredrick Schumacher
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nicolas Wentzensen
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Loic Le Marchand
- Epidemiology Program, Cancer Research Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Hannah P Yang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Anna Marie Mulligan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gord Glendon
- Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Svend Aage Engelholm
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Julia A Knight
- Division of Epidemiology, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Prosserman Centre for Health Research, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Claus K Høgdall
- The Juliane Marie Centre, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Carmel Apicella
- Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Martin Gore
- Gynecological Oncology Unit, The Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| | - Helen Tsimiklis
- Genetic Epidemiology Department, Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Honglin Song
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Melissa C Southey
- Genetic Epidemiology Department, Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Agnes Jager
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Robert Brown
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - John W M Martens
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - James M Flanagan
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Mieke Kriege
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - James Paul
- The Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, Glasgow, UK
| | - Sara Margolin
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nadeem Siddiqui
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
| | - Gianluca Severi
- Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, The Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Alice S Whittemore
- Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Laura Baglietto
- Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, The Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Valerie McGuire
- Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Weiva Sieh
- Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Heiko Müller
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Volker Arndt
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - France Labrèche
- Département de médecine sociale et préventive, Département de santé environnementale et santé au travail, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yu-Tang Gao
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Mark S Goldberg
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, McGill University Health Centre, Royal Victoria Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gong Yang
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Martine Dumont
- Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec and Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | - John R McLaughlin
- Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Arndt Hartmann
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arif B Ekici
- Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthias W Beckmann
- University Breast Center Franconia, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Catherine M Phelan
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Michael P Lux
- University Breast Center Franconia, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jenny Permuth-Wey
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Bernard Peissel
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori (INT), Milan, Italy
| | - Thomas A Sellers
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Filomena Ficarazzi
- IFOM, Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, Milan, Italy
- Cogentech Cancer Genetic Test Laboratory, Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Barile
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Milan, Italy
| | - Argyrios Ziogas
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Cancer Genetics Research and Prevention, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Alan Ashworth
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, Division of Breast Cancer Research, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | | | - Michael Jones
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, UK
| | - Susan J Ramus
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nick Orr
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, Division of Breast Cancer Research, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Usha Menon
- Gynaecological Cancer Research Centre, UCL EGA Institute for Women's Health, London, UK
| | - Celeste L Pearce
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Thomas Brüning
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Malcolm C Pike
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yon-Dschun Ko
- Department of Internal Medicine, Evangelische Kliniken Bonn GmbH, Johanniter Krankenhaus, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jolanta Lissowska
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, M. Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center & Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jonine Figueroa
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jolanta Kupryjanczyk
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Stephen J Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Agnieszka Dansonka-Mieszkowska
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Iwona K Rzepecka
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katri Pylkäs
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Department of Clinical Genetics, University of Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Mariusz Bidzinski
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Saila Kauppila
- Department of Pathology, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Antoinette Hollestelle
- Family Cancer Clinic, Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC, Daniel den Hoed Cancer Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline Seynaeve
- Family Cancer Clinic, Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC, Daniel den Hoed Cancer Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rob A E M Tollenaar
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Katarzyna Durda
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Jaworska
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
- Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jaana M Hartikainen
- Imaging Center, Department of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Biocenter Kuopio, Cancer Center of Eastern Finland, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Veli-Matti Kosma
- Imaging Center, Department of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Biocenter Kuopio, Cancer Center of Eastern Finland, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Vesa Kataja
- School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Biocenter Kuopio, Cancer Center of Eastern Finland, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Natalia N Antonenkova
- N.N. Alexandrov Research Institute of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Jirong Long
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Martha Shrubsole
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sandra Deming-Halverson
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Artitaya Lophatananon
- Warwick Medical School, Warwick University, Coventry, UK
- Institute of Population Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | | | - Nina Ditsch
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Lichtner
- Insitute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Rita K Schmutzler
- Centre of Familial Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Centre for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hidemi Ito
- Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroji Iwata
- Department of Breast Oncology, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kazuo Tajima
- Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Chiu-Chen Tseng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Daniel O Stram
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David van den Berg
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Cheng Har Yip
- Breast Cancer Research Unit, University Malaya Cancer Research Institute, University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - M Kamran Ikram
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yew-Ching Teh
- Breast Cancer Research Unit, University Malaya Cancer Research Institute, University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hui Cai
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Wei Lu
- Shanghai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Lisa B Signorello
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- International Epidemiology Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Qiuyin Cai
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Dong-Young Noh
- Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Keun-Young Yoo
- Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hui Miao
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore
| | - Philip Tsau-Choong Iau
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore
| | - Yik Ying Teo
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore
| | - James McKay
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Charles Shapiro
- Division of Oncology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - George Fountzilas
- Department of Medical Oncology, Papageorgiou Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki School of Medicine, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Chia-Ni Hsiung
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Cherng Yu
- Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Feng Hou
- Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Catherine S Healey
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Craig Luccarini
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Susan Peock
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Dominique Stoppa-Lyonnet
- Institut Curie, Department of Tumour Biology, Paris, France
- Institut Curie, INSERM U830, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
| | - Paolo Peterlongo
- Unit of Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk and Genetic Testing, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori (INT), Milan, Italy
- IFOM, Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, Milan, Italy
| | - Timothy R Rebbeck
- Basser Research Centre, Abramson Cancer Center, The University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Marion Piedmonte
- Gynecologic Oncology Group Statistical and Data Center, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Christian F Singer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eitan Friedman
- The Susanne Levy Gertner Oncogenetics Unit, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
- Institute of Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Mads Thomassen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Kenneth Offit
- Clinical Genetics Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thomas V O Hansen
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Susan L Neuhausen
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Csilla I Szabo
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Ignacio Blanco
- Genetic Counseling Unit, Hereditary Cancer Program, IDIBELL-Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Judy Garber
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Steven A Narod
- Women's College Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Marco Montagna
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IOV - IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Edith Olah
- Department of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andrew K Godwin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Drakoulis Yannoukakos
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, IRRP, National Centre for Scientific Research Demokritos, Aghia Paraskevi Attikis, Athens, Greece
| | - David E Goldgar
- Department of Dermatology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Trinidad Caldes
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Hospital Clinico San Carlos, IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Banu K Arun
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Clinical Cancer Genetics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ian Campbell
- VBCRC Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Arjen R Mensenkamp
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Christi J van Asperen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Kees E P van Roozendaal
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Canter, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Hanne Meijers-Heijboer
- Department of Clinical Genetics, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J Margriet Collée
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Family Cancer Clinic, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan C Oosterwijk
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center, Department of Genetics, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maartje J Hooning
- Department of Medical Oncology, Family Cancer Clinic, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Matti A Rookus
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rob B van der Luijt
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Theo A M van Os
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - D Gareth Evans
- Genetic Medicine, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Debra Frost
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Elena Fineberg
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Julian Barwell
- Leicestershire Clinical Genetics Service, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, UK
| | - Lisa Walker
- Oxford Regional Genetics Service, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - M John Kennedy
- Academic Unit of Clinical and Molecular Oncology, Trinity College Dublin and St James's Hospital, Dublin, Eire
| | - Radka Platte
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Steve D Ellis
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Trevor Cole
- West Midlands Regional Genetics Service, Birmingham Women's Hospital Healthcare NHS Trust, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Brigitte Bressac-de Paillerets
- INSERM U946, Fondation Jean Dausset, Paris, France
- Service de Génétique, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Bruno Buecher
- Institut Curie, Department of Tumour Biology, Paris, France
| | - Francesca Damiola
- INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Université Lyon 1, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Laurence Faivre
- Centre de Génétique, CHU Dijon, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France, and Centre Georges François Leclerc, Dijon, France
| | | | - Olga M Sinilnikova
- INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Université Lyon 1, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Unité Mixte de Génétique Constitutionnelle des Cancers Fréquents, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Olivier Caron
- Consultation de Génétique, Département de Médecine, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Sophie Giraud
- Unité Mixte de Génétique Constitutionnelle des Cancers Fréquents, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Sylvie Mazoyer
- INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Université Lyon 1, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Valérie Bonadona
- Unité de Prévention et d'Epidémiologie Génétique, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
- Université Lyon 1, CNRS UMR5558, Lyon, France
| | | | | | - Jacek Gronwald
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Tomasz Byrski
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Amanda B Spurdle
- Department of Genetics, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Bernardo Bonanni
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Zaffaroni
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori (INT), Milan, Italy
| | | | - Loris Bernard
- Cogentech Cancer Genetic Test Laboratory, Milan, Italy
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Milan, Italy
| | - Riccardo Dolcetti
- Cancer Bioimmunotherapy Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Siranoush Manoukian
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori (INT), Milan, Italy
| | - Norbert Arnold
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein/University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Christoph Engel
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Kerstin Rhiem
- Centre of Familial Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Centre for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Dieter Niederacher
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hansjoerg Plendl
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Christian Sutter
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Barbara Wappenschmidt
- Centre of Familial Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Centre for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Åke Borg
- Department of Oncology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Beatrice Melin
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Johanna Rantala
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Soller
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University and Regional Laboratories, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Katherine L Nathanson
- Basser Research Centre, Abramson Cancer Center, The University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Susan M Domchek
- Basser Research Centre, Abramson Cancer Center, The University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Gustavo C Rodriguez
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, North Shore University Health System, University of Chicago, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Ritu Salani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Daphne Gschwantler Kaulich
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Muy-Kheng Tea
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Shani Shimon Paluch
- The Susanne Levy Gertner Oncogenetics Unit, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
- Institute of Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Yael Laitman
- The Susanne Levy Gertner Oncogenetics Unit, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
- Institute of Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | | | - Torben A Kruse
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Uffe Birk Jensen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mark Robson
- Clinical Genetics Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anne-Marie Gerdes
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bent Ejlertsen
- Department of Oncology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lenka Foretova
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Sharon A Savage
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Jenny Lester
- Women's Cancer Program, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Penny Soucy
- Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec and Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Karoline B Kuchenbaecker
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Curtis Olswold
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Julie M Cunningham
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Division of Experimental Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Susan Slager
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Vernon S Pankratz
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ed Dicks
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sunil R Lakhani
- University of Queensland, UQ Centre for Clinical Research (UQCCR) Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD, Australia
- The UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, The Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Fergus J Couch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Division of Experimental Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Per Hall
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alvaro N A Monteiro
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Simon A Gayther
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Paul D P Pharoah
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Roger R Reddel
- Cancer Research Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, Westmead, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ellen L Goode
- Department of Health Science Research, Division of Epidemiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Mark H Greene
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Douglas F Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andrew Berchuck
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Antonis C Antoniou
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Alison M Dunning
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Catucci I, Colombo M, Verderio P, Bernard L, Ficarazzi F, Mariette F, Barile M, Peissel B, Cattaneo E, Manoukian S, Radice P, Peterlongo P. Sequencing analysis of SLX4/FANCP gene in Italian familial breast cancer cases. PLoS One 2012; 7:e31038. [PMID: 22383991 PMCID: PMC3285620 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2011] [Accepted: 12/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer can be caused by germline mutations in several genes that are responsible for different hereditary cancer syndromes. Some of the genes causing the Fanconi anemia (FA) syndrome, such as BRCA2, BRIP1, PALB2, and RAD51C, are associated with high or moderate risk of developing breast cancer. Very recently, SLX4 has been established as a new FA gene raising the question of its implication in breast cancer risk. This study aimed at answering this question sequencing the entire coding region of SLX4 in 526 familial breast cancer cases from Italy. We found 81 different germline variants and none of these were clearly pathogenic. The statistical power of our sample size allows concluding that in Italy the frequency of carriers of truncating mutations of SLX4 may not exceed 0.6%. Our results indicate that testing for SLX4 germline mutations is unlikely to be relevant for the identification of individuals at risk of breast cancer, at least in the Italian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Catucci
- IFOM, Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, Milan, Italy
- Unit of Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk and Genetic Testing, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Mara Colombo
- Unit of Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk and Genetic Testing, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Verderio
- Unit of Medical Statistics and Biometry, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Loris Bernard
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Monica Barile
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Milan, Italy
| | - Bernard Peissel
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Cattaneo
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
- Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Siranoush Manoukian
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Radice
- IFOM, Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, Milan, Italy
- Unit of Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk and Genetic Testing, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Peterlongo
- IFOM, Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, Milan, Italy
- Unit of Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk and Genetic Testing, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
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8
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Peterlongo P, Caleca L, Cattaneo E, Ravagnani F, Bianchi T, Galastri L, Bernard L, Ficarazzi F, Dall'olio V, Marme F, Langheinz A, Sohn C, Burwinkel B, Giles GG, Baglietto L, Severi G, Odefrey FA, Southey MC, Osorio A, Fernandez F, Alonso MR, Benitez J, Barile M, Peissel B, Manoukian S, Radice P. The rs12975333 variant in the miR-125a and breast cancer risk in Germany, Italy, Australia and Spain. J Med Genet 2011; 48:703-4. [DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2011-100103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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9
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Verderio P, Pizzamiglio S, Southey MC, Spurdle AB, Hopper JL, Chen X, Beesley J, Schmutzler RK, Engel C, Burwinkel B, Bugert P, Ficarazzi F, Manoukian S, Barile M, Wappenschmidt B, Chenevix-Trench G, Radice P, Peterlongo P. A BRCA1 promoter variant (rs11655505) and breast cancer risk. J Med Genet 2010; 47:268-70. [PMID: 20413709 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.2009.073544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A study of Chinese women recently suggested that the minor allele of rs11655505 in the BRCA1 promoter (c.-2265C-->T) increases promoter activity and has a protective effect on breast cancer risk. METHODS We genotyped rs11655505 in 2912 female breast cancer cases and 2783 unaffected female controls from four Caucasian breast cancer studies. RESULTS No evidence for an association between rs11655505 and breast cancer risk was found. CONCLUSIONS Our study failed to confirm a role of rs11655505 in breast cancer risk. Larger studies are necessary to determine if there is a weak association between this SNP and breast cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Verderio
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy.
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10
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Catucci I, Yang R, Verderio P, Pizzamiglio S, Heesen L, Hemminki K, Sutter C, Wappenschmidt B, Dick M, Arnold N, Bugert P, Niederacher D, Meindl A, Schmutzler RK, Bartram CC, Ficarazzi F, Tizzoni L, Zaffaroni D, Manoukian S, Barile M, Pierotti MA, Radice P, Burwinkel B, Peterlongo P. Evaluation of SNPs in miR-146a, miR196a2 and miR-499 as low-penetrance alleles in German and Italian familial breast cancer cases. Hum Mutat 2010; 31:E1052-7. [PMID: 19847796 DOI: 10.1002/humu.21141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Recently, the SNPs rs11614913 in hsa-mir-196a2 and rs3746444 in hsa-mir-499 were reported to be associated with increased breast cancer risk, and the SNP rs2910164 in hsa-mir-146a was shown to have an effect on age of breast cancer diagnosis. In order to further investigate the effect of these SNPs, we genotyped a total of 1894 breast cancer cases negative for disease-causing mutations or unclassified variants in BRCA1 and BRCA2, and 2760 controls from Germany and Italy. We compared the genotype and allele frequencies of rs2910164, rs11614913 and rs3746444 in cases versus controls of the German and Italian series, and of the two series combined; we also investigated the effect of the three SNPs on age at breast cancer diagnosis. None of the performed analyses showed statistically significant results. In conclusion, our data suggested lack of association between SNPs rs2910164, rs11614913 and rs3746444 and breast cancer risk, or age at breast cancer onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Catucci
- IFOM, Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, Milan, Italy
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