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van Dorp J, Pipinikas C, Suelmann BBM, Mehra N, van Dijk N, Marsico G, van Montfoort ML, Hackinger S, Braaf LM, Amarante T, van Steenis C, McLay K, Daletzakis A, van den Broek D, van de Kamp MW, Hendricksen K, de Feijter JM, Boellaard TN, Meijer RP, van der Heijden AG, Rosenfeld N, van Rhijn BWG, Jones G, van der Heijden MS. Author Correction: High- or low-dose preoperative ipilimumab plus nivolumab in stage III urothelial cancer: the phase 1B NABUCCO trial. Nat Med 2024; 30:304. [PMID: 37460757 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-023-02500-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen van Dorp
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Dutch Uro-Oncology Study Group, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | | | - Britt B M Suelmann
- Dutch Uro-Oncology Study Group, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Niven Mehra
- Dutch Uro-Oncology Study Group, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Nick van Dijk
- Dutch Uro-Oncology Study Group, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Maurits L van Montfoort
- Dutch Uro-Oncology Study Group, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Linde M Braaf
- Core Facility Molecular Pathology & Biobanking, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Antonios Daletzakis
- Department of Biometrics, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daan van den Broek
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maaike W van de Kamp
- Dutch Uro-Oncology Study Group, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Surgical Oncology (Urology), Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kees Hendricksen
- Dutch Uro-Oncology Study Group, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Surgical Oncology (Urology), Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeantine M de Feijter
- Dutch Uro-Oncology Study Group, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thierry N Boellaard
- Dutch Uro-Oncology Study Group, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Richard P Meijer
- Dutch Uro-Oncology Study Group, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Urological Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Antoine G van der Heijden
- Dutch Uro-Oncology Study Group, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Urology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Nitzan Rosenfeld
- Inivata Ltd., Babraham Research Park, Cambridge, UK
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Cancer Research UK Major Centre Cambridge, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Bas W G van Rhijn
- Dutch Uro-Oncology Study Group, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Surgical Oncology (Urology), Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Urology, Caritas St. Josef Medical Centre, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Greg Jones
- Inivata Ltd., Babraham Research Park, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Michiel S van der Heijden
- Dutch Uro-Oncology Study Group, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
- Department of Medical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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van Dorp J, Pipinikas C, Suelmann BBM, Mehra N, van Dijk N, Marsico G, van Montfoort ML, Hackinger S, Braaf LM, Amarante T, van Steenis C, McLay K, Daletzakis A, van den Broek D, van de Kamp MW, Hendricksen K, de Feijter JM, Boellaard TN, Meijer RP, van der Heijden AG, Rosenfeld N, van Rhijn BWG, Jones G, van der Heijden MS. High- or low-dose preoperative ipilimumab plus nivolumab in stage III urothelial cancer: the phase 1B NABUCCO trial. Nat Med 2023; 29:588-592. [PMID: 36732628 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-022-02199-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Cohort 1 of the phase 1B NABUCCO trial showed high pathological complete response (pCR) rates with preoperative ipilimumab plus nivolumab in stage III urothelial cancer (UC). In cohort 2, the aim was dose adjustment to optimize responses. Additionally, we report secondary endpoints, including efficacy and tolerability, in cohort 2 and the association of presurgical absence of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in urine and plasma with clinical outcome in both cohorts. Thirty patients received two cycles of either ipilimumab 3 mg kg-1 plus nivolumab 1 mg kg-1 (cohort 2A) or ipilimumab 1 mg kg-1 plus nivolumab 3 mg kg-1 (cohort 2B), both followed by nivolumab 3 mg kg-1. We observed a pCR in six (43%) patients in cohort 2A and a pCR in one (7%) patient in cohort 2B. Absence of urinary ctDNA correlated with pCR in the bladder (ypT0Nx) but not with progression-free survival (PFS). Absence of plasma ctDNA correlated with pCR (odds ratio: 45.0; 95% confidence interval (CI): 4.9-416.5) and PFS (hazard ratio: 10.4; 95% CI: 2.9-37.5). Our data suggest that high-dose ipilimumab plus nivolumab is required in stage III UC and that absence of ctDNA in plasma can predict PFS. ClinicalTrials.gov registration: NCT03387761 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen van Dorp
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Dutch Uro-Oncology Study Group, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | | | - Britt B M Suelmann
- Dutch Uro-Oncology Study Group, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Niven Mehra
- Dutch Uro-Oncology Study Group, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Nick van Dijk
- Dutch Uro-Oncology Study Group, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Maurits L van Montfoort
- Dutch Uro-Oncology Study Group, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Linde M Braaf
- Core Facility Molecular Pathology & Biobanking, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Antonios Daletzakis
- Department of Biometrics, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daan van den Broek
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maaike W van de Kamp
- Dutch Uro-Oncology Study Group, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Surgical Oncology (Urology), Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kees Hendricksen
- Dutch Uro-Oncology Study Group, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Surgical Oncology (Urology), Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeantine M de Feijter
- Dutch Uro-Oncology Study Group, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thierry N Boellaard
- Dutch Uro-Oncology Study Group, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Richard P Meijer
- Dutch Uro-Oncology Study Group, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Urological Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Antoine G van der Heijden
- Dutch Uro-Oncology Study Group, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Urology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Nitzan Rosenfeld
- Inivata Ltd., Babraham Research Park, Cambridge, UK
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Cancer Research UK Major Centre Cambridge, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Bas W G van Rhijn
- Dutch Uro-Oncology Study Group, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Surgical Oncology (Urology), Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Urology, Caritas St. Josef Medical Centre, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Greg Jones
- Inivata Ltd., Babraham Research Park, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Michiel S van der Heijden
- Dutch Uro-Oncology Study Group, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
- Department of Medical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Stiekema J, Cats A, Boot H, Langers AMJ, Balague Ponz O, van Velthuysen MLF, Braaf LM, Nieuwland M, van Sandick JW. Biobanking of fresh-frozen endoscopic biopsy specimens from esophageal adenocarcinoma. Dis Esophagus 2016; 29:1100-1106. [PMID: 26541751 DOI: 10.1111/dote.12430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The process of preparing endoscopic esophageal adenocarcinoma samples for next-generation DNA/RNA sequencing is poorly described. Therefore, we assessed the feasibility and pitfalls of preparing esophageal adenocarcinoma endoscopic biopsies toward DNA/RNA samples suitable for next-generation sequencing. In this prospective study, four tumor biopsy samples were collected from consecutive esophageal cancer patients during esophagogastroduodenoscopy and fresh-frozen in liquid nitrogen. DNA and RNA were isolated from samples with a tumor percentage of at least 50%. For next-generation sequencing, double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) is required and high-quality RNA preferred. The quantity dsDNA and RNA quantity and quality were assessed with the Nanodrop 2000 spectrophotometer (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) and Agilent 2100 Bioanalyzer (Agilent, Santa Clara, CA, USA). Biopsy samples of 69 consecutive patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma were included. In five patients (7%), the tumor percentage was less than 50% in all four biopsies. Using a protocol allowing simultaneous DNA and RNA isolation, the median dsDNA yield was 2.4 μg (range 0.1-12.0 μg) and the median RNA yield was 0.5 μg (range 0.01-2.05 μg). The median RNA integrity number of samples that were fresh-frozen within 30 minutes after sampling was 6.7 (range 4.2-8.9) compared with 2.5 (1.8-4.5) for samples that were fresh-frozen after 2 hours. The results from this study show that obtaining dsDNA and RNA for next-generation sequencing from endoscopic esophageal adenocarcinoma samples is feasible. Tumor percentage and dsDNA/RNA yield and quality emphasize the need for sampling multiple biopsies and minimizing the delay before fresh-freezing.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Stiekema
- Department of Surgery, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A Cats
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - H Boot
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A M J Langers
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - O Balague Ponz
- Department of Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M L F van Velthuysen
- Department of Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - L M Braaf
- Core Facility Molecular Pathology and Biobanking, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Nieuwland
- Deep Sequencing Facility, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J W van Sandick
- Department of Surgery, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Bruin SC, de Ronde JJ, Wiering B, Braaf LM, de Wilt JHW, Vincent AD, van Velthuysen MLF, Ruers TJ, Wessels LF, van’t Veer LJ. Selection of Patients for Hepatic Surgery of Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastasis Based on Genomic Aberrations. Ann Surg Oncol 2013; 20 Suppl 3:S560-9. [DOI: 10.1245/s10434-013-2985-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2012] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Schouten PC, van Dyk E, Braaf LM, Mulder L, Lips EH, de Ronde JJ, Holtman L, Wesseling J, Hauptmann M, Wessels LFA, Linn SC, Nederlof PM. Platform comparisons for identification of breast cancers with a BRCA-like copy number profile. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2013; 139:317-27. [PMID: 23670131 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-013-2558-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we employed bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) profiles from BRCA1 and -2 mutation carriers and sporadic tumours to construct classifiers that identify tumour samples most likely to harbour BRCA1 and -2 mutations, designated 'BRCA1 and -2-like' tumours, respectively. The classifiers are used in clinical genetics to evaluate unclassified variants, and patients for which no good quality germline DNA is available. Furthermore, we have shown that breast cancer patients with BRCA-like tumour aCGH profiles benefit substantially from platinum-based chemotherapy, potentially due to their inability to repair DNA double strand breaks (DSB), providing a further important clinical application for the classifiers. The BAC array technology has been replaced with oligonucleotide arrays. To continue clinical use of existing classifiers, we mapped oligonucleotide aCGH data to the BAC domain, such that the oligonucleotide profiles can be employed as in the BAC classifier. We demonstrate that segmented profiles derived from oligonucleotide aCGH show high correlation with BAC aCGH profiles. Furthermore, we trained a support vector machine score to objectify aCGH profile quality. Using the mapped oligonucleotide aCGH data, we show equivalence in classification of biologically relevant cases between BAC and oligonucleotide data. Furthermore, the predicted benefit of DSB inducing chemotherapy due to a homologous recombination defect is retained. We conclude that oligonucleotide aCGH data can be mapped to and used in the previously developed and validated BAC aCGH classifiers. Our findings suggest that it is possible to map copy number data from any other technology in a similar way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip C Schouten
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Bojesen SE, Pooley KA, Johnatty SE, Beesley J, Michailidou K, Tyrer JP, Edwards SL, Pickett HA, Shen HC, Smart CE, Hillman KM, Mai PL, Lawrenson K, Stutz MD, Lu Y, Karevan R, Woods N, Johnston RL, French JD, Chen X, Weischer M, Nielsen SF, Maranian MJ, Ghoussaini M, Ahmed S, Baynes C, Bolla MK, Wang Q, Dennis J, McGuffog L, Barrowdale D, Lee A, Healey S, Lush M, Tessier DC, Vincent D, Bacot F, Vergote I, Lambrechts S, Despierre E, Risch HA, González-Neira A, Rossing MA, Pita G, Doherty JA, Álvarez N, Larson MC, Fridley BL, Schoof N, Chang-Claude J, Cicek MS, Peto J, Kalli KR, Broeks A, Armasu SM, Schmidt MK, Braaf LM, Winterhoff B, Nevanlinna H, Konecny GE, Lambrechts D, Rogmann L, Guénel P, Teoman A, Milne RL, Garcia JJ, Cox A, Shridhar V, Burwinkel B, Marme F, Hein R, Sawyer EJ, Haiman CA, Wang-Gohrke S, Andrulis IL, Moysich KB, Hopper JL, Odunsi K, Lindblom A, Giles GG, Brenner H, Simard J, Lurie G, Fasching PA, Carney ME, Radice P, Wilkens LR, Swerdlow A, Goodman MT, Brauch H, García-Closas M, Hillemanns P, Winqvist R, Dürst M, Devilee P, Runnebaum I, Jakubowska A, Lubinski J, Mannermaa A, Butzow R, Bogdanova NV, Dörk T, Pelttari LM, Zheng W, Leminen A, Anton-Culver H, Bunker CH, Kristensen V, Ness RB, Muir K, Edwards R, Meindl A, Heitz F, Matsuo K, du Bois A, Wu AH, Harter P, Teo SH, Schwaab I, Shu XO, Blot W, Hosono S, Kang D, Nakanishi T, Hartman M, Yatabe Y, Hamann U, Karlan BY, Sangrajrang S, Kjaer SK, Gaborieau V, Jensen A, Eccles D, Høgdall E, Shen CY, Brown J, Woo YL, Shah M, Azmi MAN, Luben R, Omar SZ, Czene K, Vierkant RA, Nordestgaard BG, Flyger H, Vachon C, Olson JE, Wang X, Levine DA, Rudolph A, Weber RP, Flesch-Janys D, Iversen E, Nickels S, Schildkraut JM, Silva IDS, Cramer DW, Gibson L, Terry KL, Fletcher O, Vitonis AF, van der Schoot CE, Poole EM, Hogervorst FBL, Tworoger SS, Liu J, Bandera EV, Li J, Olson SH, Humphreys K, Orlow I, Blomqvist C, Rodriguez-Rodriguez L, Aittomäki K, Salvesen HB, Muranen TA, Wik E, Brouwers B, Krakstad C, Wauters E, Halle MK, Wildiers H, Kiemeney LA, Mulot C, Aben KK, Laurent-Puig P, van Altena AM, Truong T, Massuger LFAG, Benitez J, Pejovic T, Perez JIA, Hoatlin M, Zamora MP, Cook LS, Balasubramanian SP, Kelemen LE, Schneeweiss A, Le ND, Sohn C, Brooks-Wilson A, Tomlinson I, Kerin MJ, Miller N, Cybulski C, Henderson BE, Menkiszak J, Schumacher F, Wentzensen N, Marchand LL, Yang HP, Mulligan AM, Glendon G, Engelholm SA, Knight JA, Høgdall CK, Apicella C, Gore M, Tsimiklis H, Song H, Southey MC, Jager A, van den Ouweland AMW, Brown R, Martens JWM, Flanagan JM, Kriege M, Paul J, Margolin S, Siddiqui N, Severi G, Whittemore AS, Baglietto L, McGuire V, Stegmaier C, Sieh W, Müller H, Arndt V, Labrèche F, Gao YT, Goldberg MS, Yang G, Dumont M, McLaughlin JR, Hartmann A, Ekici AB, Beckmann MW, Phelan CM, Lux MP, Permuth-Wey J, Peissel B, Sellers TA, Ficarazzi F, Barile M, Ziogas A, Ashworth A, Gentry-Maharaj A, Jones M, Ramus SJ, Orr N, Menon U, Pearce CL, Brüning T, Pike MC, Ko YD, Lissowska J, Figueroa J, Kupryjanczyk J, Chanock SJ, Dansonka-Mieszkowska A, Jukkola-Vuorinen A, Rzepecka IK, Pylkäs K, Bidzinski M, Kauppila S, Hollestelle A, Seynaeve C, Tollenaar RAEM, Durda K, Jaworska K, Hartikainen JM, Kosma VM, Kataja V, Antonenkova NN, Long J, Shrubsole M, Deming-Halverson S, Lophatananon A, Siriwanarangsan P, Stewart-Brown S, Ditsch N, Lichtner P, Schmutzler RK, Ito H, Iwata H, Tajima K, Tseng CC, Stram DO, van den Berg D, Yip CH, Ikram MK, Teh YC, Cai H, Lu W, Signorello LB, Cai Q, Noh DY, Yoo KY, Miao H, Iau PTC, Teo YY, McKay J, Shapiro C, Ademuyiwa F, Fountzilas G, Hsiung CN, Yu JC, Hou MF, Healey CS, Luccarini C, Peock S, Stoppa-Lyonnet D, Peterlongo P, Rebbeck TR, Piedmonte M, Singer CF, Friedman E, Thomassen M, Offit K, Hansen TVO, Neuhausen SL, Szabo CI, Blanco I, Garber J, Narod SA, Weitzel JN, Montagna M, Olah E, Godwin AK, Yannoukakos D, Goldgar DE, Caldes T, Imyanitov EN, Tihomirova L, Arun BK, Campbell I, Mensenkamp AR, van Asperen CJ, van Roozendaal KEP, Meijers-Heijboer H, Collée JM, Oosterwijk JC, Hooning MJ, Rookus MA, van der Luijt RB, van Os TAM, Evans DG, Frost D, Fineberg E, Barwell J, Walker L, Kennedy MJ, Platte R, Davidson R, Ellis SD, Cole T, Paillerets BBD, Buecher B, Damiola F, Faivre L, Frenay M, Sinilnikova OM, Caron O, Giraud S, Mazoyer S, Bonadona V, Caux-Moncoutier V, Toloczko-Grabarek A, Gronwald J, Byrski T, Spurdle AB, Bonanni B, Zaffaroni D, Giannini G, Bernard L, Dolcetti R, Manoukian S, Arnold N, Engel C, Deissler H, Rhiem K, Niederacher D, Plendl H, Sutter C, Wappenschmidt B, Borg Å, Melin B, Rantala J, Soller M, Nathanson KL, Domchek SM, Rodriguez GC, Salani R, Kaulich DG, Tea MK, Paluch SS, Laitman Y, Skytte AB, Kruse TA, Jensen UB, Robson M, Gerdes AM, Ejlertsen B, Foretova L, Savage SA, Lester J, Soucy P, Kuchenbaecker KB, Olswold C, Cunningham JM, Slager S, Pankratz VS, Dicks E, Lakhani SR, Couch FJ, Hall P, Monteiro ANA, Gayther SA, Pharoah PDP, Reddel RR, Goode EL, Greene MH, Easton DF, Berchuck A, Antoniou AC, Chenevix-Trench G, Dunning AM. Multiple independent variants at the TERT locus are associated with telomere length and risks of breast and ovarian cancer. Nat Genet 2013; 45:371-84, 384e1-2. [PMID: 23535731 PMCID: PMC3670748 DOI: 10.1038/ng.2566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 435] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Accepted: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
TERT-locus SNPs and leukocyte telomere measures are reportedly associated with risks of multiple cancers. Using the Illumina custom genotyping array iCOGs, we analyzed ∼480 SNPs at the TERT locus in breast (n = 103,991), ovarian (n = 39,774) and BRCA1 mutation carrier (n = 11,705) cancer cases and controls. Leukocyte telomere measurements were also available for 53,724 participants. Most associations cluster into three independent peaks. The minor allele at the peak 1 SNP rs2736108 associates with longer telomeres (P = 5.8 × 10(-7)), lower risks for estrogen receptor (ER)-negative (P = 1.0 × 10(-8)) and BRCA1 mutation carrier (P = 1.1 × 10(-5)) breast cancers and altered promoter assay signal. The minor allele at the peak 2 SNP rs7705526 associates with longer telomeres (P = 2.3 × 10(-14)), higher risk of low-malignant-potential ovarian cancer (P = 1.3 × 10(-15)) and greater promoter activity. The minor alleles at the peak 3 SNPs rs10069690 and rs2242652 increase ER-negative (P = 1.2 × 10(-12)) and BRCA1 mutation carrier (P = 1.6 × 10(-14)) breast and invasive ovarian (P = 1.3 × 10(-11)) cancer risks but not via altered telomere length. The cancer risk alleles of rs2242652 and rs10069690, respectively, increase silencing and generate a truncated TERT splice variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stig E Bojesen
- Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karen A Pooley
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sharon E Johnatty
- Department of Genetics, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jonathan Beesley
- Department of Genetics, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kyriaki Michailidou
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jonathan P Tyrer
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stacey L Edwards
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Hilda A Pickett
- Cancer Research Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, Westmead, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Howard C Shen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Chanel E Smart
- University of Queensland, UQ Centre for Clinical Research (UQCCR) Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Kristine M Hillman
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Phuong L Mai
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Kate Lawrenson
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michael D Stutz
- Cancer Research Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, Westmead, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Yi Lu
- Department of Genetics, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Rod Karevan
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas Woods
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Rebecca L Johnston
- University of Queensland, UQ Centre for Clinical Research (UQCCR) Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Juliet D French
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Xiaoqing Chen
- Department of Genetics, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Maren Weischer
- Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sune F Nielsen
- Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Melanie J Maranian
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Maya Ghoussaini
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Shahana Ahmed
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Caroline Baynes
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Manjeet K Bolla
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Qin Wang
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Joe Dennis
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lesley McGuffog
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Daniel Barrowdale
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andrew Lee
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sue Healey
- Department of Genetics, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Michael Lush
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Daniel C Tessier
- McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Génome Québec Innovation Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Daniel Vincent
- McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Génome Québec Innovation Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Françis Bacot
- McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Génome Québec Innovation Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Study Group members
- Australian Cancer Study, Australian Ovarian Cancer Study Group, kConFab, GENICA, SWE-BRCA, HEBON, EMBRACE, GEMO Study Collaborators. Full membership lists are provided in the Supplementary Note
| | - Ignace Vergote
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven Cancer Institute, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sandrina Lambrechts
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven Cancer Institute, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Evelyn Despierre
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven Cancer Institute, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Harvey A Risch
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale University School of Public Health and School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Anna González-Neira
- Human Genotyping-CEGEN Unit, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mary Anne Rossing
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Program in Epidemiology, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Guillermo Pita
- Human Genotyping-CEGEN Unit, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jennifer A Doherty
- Section of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Nuria Álvarez
- Human Genotyping-CEGEN Unit, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Melissa C Larson
- Department of Health Science Research, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Brooke L Fridley
- Department of Health Science Research, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Nils Schoof
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mine S Cicek
- Department of Health Science Research, Division of Epidemiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Julian Peto
- Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | | | - Annegien Broeks
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sebastian M Armasu
- Department of Health Science Research, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Marjanka K Schmidt
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Division of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Linde M Braaf
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Boris Winterhoff
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Heli Nevanlinna
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Gottfried E Konecny
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California at Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Diether Lambrechts
- Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Belgium
- Vesalius Research Center (VRC), VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lisa Rogmann
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Pascal Guénel
- INSERM U1018, CESP (Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health), Environmental Epidemiology of Cancer, Villejuif, France
- University Paris-Sud, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France
| | - Attila Teoman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Roger L Milne
- Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Group, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquin J Garcia
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Division of Experimental Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Angela Cox
- CRUK/YCR Sheffield Cancer Research Centre, Department of Oncology, University of Sheffield, UK
| | - Vijayalakshmi Shridhar
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Division of Experimental Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Barbara Burwinkel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Molecular Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frederik Marme
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rebecca Hein
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- PMV Research Group at the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Elinor J Sawyer
- Division of Cancer Studies, NIHR Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre, Guy's & St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust in partnership with King's College London, London, UK
| | - Christopher A Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shan Wang-Gohrke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Irene L Andrulis
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Ontario Cancer Genetics Network, Fred A. Litwin Center for Cancer Genetics, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kirsten B Moysich
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - John L Hopper
- Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kunle Odunsi
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Annika Lindblom
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Graham G Giles
- Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, The Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jacques Simard
- Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec and Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Galina Lurie
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, HI, USA
| | - Peter A Fasching
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California at Los Angeles, CA, USA
- University Breast Center Franconia, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael E Carney
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, HI, USA
| | - Paolo Radice
- Unit of Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk and Genetic Testing, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori (INT), Milan, Italy
- IFOM, Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, Milan, Italy
| | - Lynne R Wilkens
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, HI, USA
| | - Anthony Swerdlow
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, UK
- Division of Breast Cancer Research, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, UK
| | - Marc T Goodman
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hiltrud Brauch
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
- University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Montserrat García-Closas
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, Division of Breast Cancer Research, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Peter Hillemanns
- Clinics of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Robert Winqvist
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Department of Clinical Genetics, University of Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Matthias Dürst
- Department of Gynecology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Peter Devilee
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ingo Runnebaum
- Department of Gynecology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Anna Jakubowska
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jan Lubinski
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Arto Mannermaa
- Imaging Center, Department of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Biocenter Kuopio, Cancer Center of Eastern Finland, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ralf Butzow
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Pathology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Natalia V Bogdanova
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thilo Dörk
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Liisa M Pelttari
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Arto Leminen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hoda Anton-Culver
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Clareann H Bunker
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Vessela Kristensen
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine (Faculty Division Ahus), UiO, Norway
| | - Roberta B Ness
- The University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kenneth Muir
- Warwick Medical School, Warwick University, Coventry, UK
- Institute of Population Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Alfons Meindl
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Division of Tumor Genetics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Florian Heitz
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Dr. Horst Schmidt Klinik Wiesbaden, Wiesbaden, Germany
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Essen, Germany
| | - Keitaro Matsuo
- Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Andreas du Bois
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Dr. Horst Schmidt Klinik Wiesbaden, Wiesbaden, Germany
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Essen, Germany
| | - Anna H Wu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Philipp Harter
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Dr. Horst Schmidt Klinik Wiesbaden, Wiesbaden, Germany
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Essen, Germany
| | - Soo-Hwang Teo
- Cancer Research Initiatives Foundation, Sime Darby Medical Centre, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
- Breast Cancer Research Unit, University Malaya Cancer Research Institute, University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ira Schwaab
- Institut für Humangenetik Wiesbaden, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - William Blot
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- International Epidemiology Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Satoyo Hosono
- Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Daehee Kang
- Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Toru Nakanishi
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Aichi Cancer Center Central Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Mikael Hartman
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore
| | - Yasushi Yatabe
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Diagnostic, Aichi Cancer Center Central Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Ute Hamann
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Beth Y Karlan
- Women's Cancer Program, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Susanne Krüger Kjaer
- Virus, Lifestyle and Genes, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Juliane Marie Centre, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Allan Jensen
- Virus, Lifestyle and Genes, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Diana Eccles
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Estrid Høgdall
- Virus, Lifestyle and Genes, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Molecular Unit, Department of Pathology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Chen-Yang Shen
- Colleague of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichong, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Judith Brown
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Yin Ling Woo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya Medical Centre, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mitul Shah
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mat Adenan Noor Azmi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya Medical Centre, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Robert Luben
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Siti Zawiah Omar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya Medical Centre, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kamila Czene
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Robert A Vierkant
- Department of Health Science Research, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Børge G Nordestgaard
- Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik Flyger
- Department of Breast Surgery, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Celine Vachon
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Janet E Olson
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Xianshu Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Division of Experimental Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Douglas A Levine
- Gynecology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anja Rudolph
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rachel Palmieri Weber
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Dieter Flesch-Janys
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology/Clinical Cancer Registry, University Clinic Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute for Medical Biometrics and Epidemiology, University Clinic Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Edwin Iversen
- Department of Statistical Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Cancer Prevention, Detection and Control Research Program, Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Stefan Nickels
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Joellen M Schildkraut
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Cancer Prevention, Detection and Control Research Program, Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Isabel Dos Santos Silva
- Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Daniel W Cramer
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Epidemiology Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lorna Gibson
- Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Kathryn L Terry
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Epidemiology Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Olivia Fletcher
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, Division of Breast Cancer Research, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Allison F Vitonis
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Epidemiology Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth M Poole
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Frans B L Hogervorst
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Shelley S Tworoger
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Human Genetics Division, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Elisa V Bandera
- The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Jingmei Li
- Human Genetics Division, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sara H Olson
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Keith Humphreys
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Irene Orlow
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Carl Blomqvist
- Department of Oncology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Kristiina Aittomäki
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Helga B Salvesen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Taru A Muranen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elisabeth Wik
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Barbara Brouwers
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of General Medical Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven Cancer Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Camilla Krakstad
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Els Wauters
- Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Belgium
- Vesalius Research Center (VRC), VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mari K Halle
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Hans Wildiers
- Department of General Medical Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lambertus A Kiemeney
- Comprehensive Cancer Center The Netherlands, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and HTA, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department of Urology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Claire Mulot
- Université Paris Sorbonne Cité, UMR-S775 Inserm, Paris, France
| | - Katja K Aben
- Comprehensive Cancer Center The Netherlands, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and HTA, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | | | - Anne M van Altena
- Department of Gynecology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Thérèse Truong
- INSERM U1018, CESP (Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health), Environmental Epidemiology of Cancer, Villejuif, France
- University Paris-Sud, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France
| | - Leon F A G Massuger
- Department of Gynecology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Javier Benitez
- Human Genotyping-CEGEN Unit, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
- Human Genetics Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Network on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Tanja Pejovic
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | | | - Maureen Hoatlin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - M Pilar Zamora
- Servicio de Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Linda S Cook
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | | | - Linda E Kelemen
- Department of Population Health Research, Alberta Health Services-Cancer Care, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Oncology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Andreas Schneeweiss
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nhu D Le
- Cancer Control Research, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Christof Sohn
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Angela Brooks-Wilson
- Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Ian Tomlinson
- Welcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, UK
- Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Michael J Kerin
- School of medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland
| | - Nicola Miller
- School of medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland
| | - Cezary Cybulski
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical Academy, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Brian E Henderson
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Janusz Menkiszak
- Department of Surgical Gynecology and Gynecological Oncology of Adults and Adolescents, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Fredrick Schumacher
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nicolas Wentzensen
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Loic Le Marchand
- Epidemiology Program, Cancer Research Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Hannah P Yang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Anna Marie Mulligan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gord Glendon
- Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Svend Aage Engelholm
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Julia A Knight
- Division of Epidemiology, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Prosserman Centre for Health Research, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Claus K Høgdall
- The Juliane Marie Centre, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Carmel Apicella
- Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Martin Gore
- Gynecological Oncology Unit, The Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| | - Helen Tsimiklis
- Genetic Epidemiology Department, Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Honglin Song
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Melissa C Southey
- Genetic Epidemiology Department, Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Agnes Jager
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Robert Brown
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - John W M Martens
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - James M Flanagan
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Mieke Kriege
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - James Paul
- The Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, Glasgow, UK
| | - Sara Margolin
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nadeem Siddiqui
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
| | - Gianluca Severi
- Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, The Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Alice S Whittemore
- Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Laura Baglietto
- Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, The Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Valerie McGuire
- Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Weiva Sieh
- Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Heiko Müller
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Volker Arndt
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - France Labrèche
- Département de médecine sociale et préventive, Département de santé environnementale et santé au travail, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yu-Tang Gao
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Mark S Goldberg
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, McGill University Health Centre, Royal Victoria Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gong Yang
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Martine Dumont
- Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec and Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | - John R McLaughlin
- Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Arndt Hartmann
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arif B Ekici
- Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthias W Beckmann
- University Breast Center Franconia, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Catherine M Phelan
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Michael P Lux
- University Breast Center Franconia, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jenny Permuth-Wey
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Bernard Peissel
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori (INT), Milan, Italy
| | - Thomas A Sellers
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Filomena Ficarazzi
- IFOM, Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, Milan, Italy
- Cogentech Cancer Genetic Test Laboratory, Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Barile
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Milan, Italy
| | - Argyrios Ziogas
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Cancer Genetics Research and Prevention, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Alan Ashworth
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, Division of Breast Cancer Research, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | | | - Michael Jones
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, UK
| | - Susan J Ramus
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nick Orr
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, Division of Breast Cancer Research, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Usha Menon
- Gynaecological Cancer Research Centre, UCL EGA Institute for Women's Health, London, UK
| | - Celeste L Pearce
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Thomas Brüning
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Malcolm C Pike
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yon-Dschun Ko
- Department of Internal Medicine, Evangelische Kliniken Bonn GmbH, Johanniter Krankenhaus, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jolanta Lissowska
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, M. Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center & Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jonine Figueroa
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jolanta Kupryjanczyk
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Stephen J Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Agnieszka Dansonka-Mieszkowska
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Iwona K Rzepecka
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katri Pylkäs
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Department of Clinical Genetics, University of Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Mariusz Bidzinski
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Saila Kauppila
- Department of Pathology, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Antoinette Hollestelle
- Family Cancer Clinic, Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC, Daniel den Hoed Cancer Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline Seynaeve
- Family Cancer Clinic, Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC, Daniel den Hoed Cancer Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rob A E M Tollenaar
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Katarzyna Durda
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Jaworska
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
- Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jaana M Hartikainen
- Imaging Center, Department of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Biocenter Kuopio, Cancer Center of Eastern Finland, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Veli-Matti Kosma
- Imaging Center, Department of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Biocenter Kuopio, Cancer Center of Eastern Finland, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Vesa Kataja
- School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Biocenter Kuopio, Cancer Center of Eastern Finland, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Natalia N Antonenkova
- N.N. Alexandrov Research Institute of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Jirong Long
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Martha Shrubsole
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sandra Deming-Halverson
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Artitaya Lophatananon
- Warwick Medical School, Warwick University, Coventry, UK
- Institute of Population Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | | | - Nina Ditsch
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Lichtner
- Insitute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Rita K Schmutzler
- Centre of Familial Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Centre for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hidemi Ito
- Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroji Iwata
- Department of Breast Oncology, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kazuo Tajima
- Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Chiu-Chen Tseng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Daniel O Stram
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David van den Berg
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Cheng Har Yip
- Breast Cancer Research Unit, University Malaya Cancer Research Institute, University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - M Kamran Ikram
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yew-Ching Teh
- Breast Cancer Research Unit, University Malaya Cancer Research Institute, University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hui Cai
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Wei Lu
- Shanghai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Lisa B Signorello
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- International Epidemiology Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Qiuyin Cai
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Dong-Young Noh
- Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Keun-Young Yoo
- Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hui Miao
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore
| | - Philip Tsau-Choong Iau
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore
| | - Yik Ying Teo
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore
| | - James McKay
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Charles Shapiro
- Division of Oncology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - George Fountzilas
- Department of Medical Oncology, Papageorgiou Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki School of Medicine, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Chia-Ni Hsiung
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Cherng Yu
- Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Feng Hou
- Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Catherine S Healey
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Craig Luccarini
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Susan Peock
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Dominique Stoppa-Lyonnet
- Institut Curie, Department of Tumour Biology, Paris, France
- Institut Curie, INSERM U830, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
| | - Paolo Peterlongo
- Unit of Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk and Genetic Testing, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori (INT), Milan, Italy
- IFOM, Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, Milan, Italy
| | - Timothy R Rebbeck
- Basser Research Centre, Abramson Cancer Center, The University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Marion Piedmonte
- Gynecologic Oncology Group Statistical and Data Center, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Christian F Singer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eitan Friedman
- The Susanne Levy Gertner Oncogenetics Unit, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
- Institute of Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Mads Thomassen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Kenneth Offit
- Clinical Genetics Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thomas V O Hansen
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Susan L Neuhausen
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Csilla I Szabo
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Ignacio Blanco
- Genetic Counseling Unit, Hereditary Cancer Program, IDIBELL-Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Judy Garber
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Steven A Narod
- Women's College Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Marco Montagna
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IOV - IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Edith Olah
- Department of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andrew K Godwin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Drakoulis Yannoukakos
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, IRRP, National Centre for Scientific Research Demokritos, Aghia Paraskevi Attikis, Athens, Greece
| | - David E Goldgar
- Department of Dermatology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Trinidad Caldes
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Hospital Clinico San Carlos, IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Banu K Arun
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Clinical Cancer Genetics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ian Campbell
- VBCRC Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Arjen R Mensenkamp
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Christi J van Asperen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Kees E P van Roozendaal
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Canter, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Hanne Meijers-Heijboer
- Department of Clinical Genetics, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J Margriet Collée
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Family Cancer Clinic, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan C Oosterwijk
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center, Department of Genetics, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maartje J Hooning
- Department of Medical Oncology, Family Cancer Clinic, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Matti A Rookus
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rob B van der Luijt
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Theo A M van Os
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - D Gareth Evans
- Genetic Medicine, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Debra Frost
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Elena Fineberg
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Julian Barwell
- Leicestershire Clinical Genetics Service, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, UK
| | - Lisa Walker
- Oxford Regional Genetics Service, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - M John Kennedy
- Academic Unit of Clinical and Molecular Oncology, Trinity College Dublin and St James's Hospital, Dublin, Eire
| | - Radka Platte
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Steve D Ellis
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Trevor Cole
- West Midlands Regional Genetics Service, Birmingham Women's Hospital Healthcare NHS Trust, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Brigitte Bressac-de Paillerets
- INSERM U946, Fondation Jean Dausset, Paris, France
- Service de Génétique, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Bruno Buecher
- Institut Curie, Department of Tumour Biology, Paris, France
| | - Francesca Damiola
- INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Université Lyon 1, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Laurence Faivre
- Centre de Génétique, CHU Dijon, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France, and Centre Georges François Leclerc, Dijon, France
| | | | - Olga M Sinilnikova
- INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Université Lyon 1, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Unité Mixte de Génétique Constitutionnelle des Cancers Fréquents, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Olivier Caron
- Consultation de Génétique, Département de Médecine, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Sophie Giraud
- Unité Mixte de Génétique Constitutionnelle des Cancers Fréquents, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Sylvie Mazoyer
- INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Université Lyon 1, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Valérie Bonadona
- Unité de Prévention et d'Epidémiologie Génétique, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
- Université Lyon 1, CNRS UMR5558, Lyon, France
| | | | | | - Jacek Gronwald
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Tomasz Byrski
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Amanda B Spurdle
- Department of Genetics, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Bernardo Bonanni
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Zaffaroni
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori (INT), Milan, Italy
| | | | - Loris Bernard
- Cogentech Cancer Genetic Test Laboratory, Milan, Italy
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Milan, Italy
| | - Riccardo Dolcetti
- Cancer Bioimmunotherapy Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Siranoush Manoukian
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori (INT), Milan, Italy
| | - Norbert Arnold
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein/University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Christoph Engel
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Kerstin Rhiem
- Centre of Familial Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Centre for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Dieter Niederacher
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hansjoerg Plendl
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Christian Sutter
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Barbara Wappenschmidt
- Centre of Familial Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Centre for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Åke Borg
- Department of Oncology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Beatrice Melin
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Johanna Rantala
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Soller
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University and Regional Laboratories, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Katherine L Nathanson
- Basser Research Centre, Abramson Cancer Center, The University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Susan M Domchek
- Basser Research Centre, Abramson Cancer Center, The University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Gustavo C Rodriguez
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, North Shore University Health System, University of Chicago, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Ritu Salani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Daphne Gschwantler Kaulich
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Muy-Kheng Tea
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Shani Shimon Paluch
- The Susanne Levy Gertner Oncogenetics Unit, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
- Institute of Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Yael Laitman
- The Susanne Levy Gertner Oncogenetics Unit, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
- Institute of Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | | | - Torben A Kruse
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Uffe Birk Jensen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mark Robson
- Clinical Genetics Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anne-Marie Gerdes
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bent Ejlertsen
- Department of Oncology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lenka Foretova
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Sharon A Savage
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Jenny Lester
- Women's Cancer Program, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Penny Soucy
- Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec and Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Karoline B Kuchenbaecker
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Curtis Olswold
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Julie M Cunningham
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Division of Experimental Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Susan Slager
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Vernon S Pankratz
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ed Dicks
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sunil R Lakhani
- University of Queensland, UQ Centre for Clinical Research (UQCCR) Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD, Australia
- The UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, The Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Fergus J Couch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Division of Experimental Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Per Hall
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alvaro N A Monteiro
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Simon A Gayther
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Paul D P Pharoah
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Roger R Reddel
- Cancer Research Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, Westmead, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ellen L Goode
- Department of Health Science Research, Division of Epidemiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Mark H Greene
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Douglas F Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andrew Berchuck
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Antonis C Antoniou
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Alison M Dunning
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Kirchhoff T, Gaudet MM, Antoniou AC, McGuffog L, Humphreys MK, Dunning AM, Bojesen SE, Nordestgaard BG, Flyger H, Kang D, Yoo KY, Noh DY, Ahn SH, Dork T, Schürmann P, Karstens JH, Hillemanns P, Couch FJ, Olson J, Vachon C, Wang X, Cox A, Brock I, Elliott G, Reed MW, Burwinkel B, Meindl A, Brauch H, Hamann U, Ko YD, Broeks A, Schmidt MK, Van ‘t Veer LJ, Braaf LM, Johnson N, Fletcher O, Gibson L, Peto J, Turnbull C, Seal S, Renwick A, Rahman N, Wu PE, Yu JC, Hsiung CN, Shen CY, Southey MC, Hopper JL, Hammet F, Van Dorpe T, Dieudonne AS, Hatse S, Lambrechts D, Andrulis IL, Bogdanova N, Antonenkova N, Rogov JI, Prokofieva D, Bermisheva M, Khusnutdinova E, van Asperen CJ, Tollenaar RA, Hooning MJ, Devilee P, Margolin S, Lindblom A, Milne RL, Arias JI, Zamora MP, Benítez J, Severi G, Baglietto L, Giles GG, kConFab, Group AOCSS, Spurdle AB, Beesley J, Chen X, Holland H, Healey S, Wang-Gohrke S, Chang-Claude J, Mannermaa A, Kosma VM, Kauppinen J, Kataja V, Agnarsson BA, Caligo MA, Godwin AK, Nevanlinna H, Heikkinen T, Fredericksen Z, Lindor N, Nathanson KL, Domchek SM, SWE-BRCA, Loman N, Karlsson P, Askmalm MS, Melin B, von Wachenfeldt A, HEBON, Hogervorst FBL, Verheus M, Rookus MA, Seynaeve C, Oldenburg RA, Ligtenberg MJ, Ausems MG, Aalfs CM, Gille HJ, Wijnen JT, Gómez García EB, EMBRACE, Peock S, Cook M, Oliver CT, Frost D, Luccarini C, Pichert G, Davidson R, Chu C, Eccles D, Ong KR, Cook J, Douglas F, Hodgson S, Evans DG, Eeles R, Gold B, Pharoah PD, Offit K, Chenevix-Trench G, Easton DF. Breast cancer risk and 6q22.33: combined results from Breast Cancer Association Consortium and Consortium of Investigators on Modifiers of BRCA1/2. PLoS One 2012; 7:e35706. [PMID: 22768030 PMCID: PMC3387216 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0035706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2011] [Accepted: 03/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, a locus on chromosome 6q22.33 (rs2180341) was reported to be associated with increased breast cancer risk in the Ashkenazi Jewish (AJ) population, and this association was also observed in populations of non-AJ European ancestry. In the present study, we performed a large replication analysis of rs2180341 using data from 31,428 invasive breast cancer cases and 34,700 controls collected from 25 studies in the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC). In addition, we evaluated whether rs2180341 modifies breast cancer risk in 3,361 BRCA1 and 2,020 BRCA2 carriers from 11 centers in the Consortium of Investigators of Modifiers of BRCA1/2 (CIMBA). Based on the BCAC data from women of European ancestry, we found evidence for a weak association with breast cancer risk for rs2180341 (per-allele odds ratio (OR) = 1.03, 95% CI 1.00-1.06, p = 0.023). There was evidence for heterogeneity in the ORs among studies (I(2) = 49.3%; p = <0.004). In CIMBA, we observed an inverse association with the minor allele of rs2180341 and breast cancer risk in BRCA1 mutation carriers (per-allele OR = 0.89, 95%CI 0.80-1.00, p = 0.048), indicating a potential protective effect of this allele. These data suggest that that 6q22.33 confers a weak effect on breast cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Kirchhoff
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC): Clinical Genetics Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America (TK, MG, KO); Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Cancer Institute, New York University, New York, New York, United States of America (TK), American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America (MG)
| | - Mia M. Gaudet
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC): Clinical Genetics Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America (TK, MG, KO); Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Cancer Institute, New York University, New York, New York, United States of America (TK), American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America (MG)
| | - Antonis C. Antoniou
- Studies of Epidemiology and Risk Factors in Cancer Heredity (SEARCH): Department of Oncology and Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (ACA, LM, MKH, AMD, PDPP, DFE)
| | - Lesley McGuffog
- Studies of Epidemiology and Risk Factors in Cancer Heredity (SEARCH): Department of Oncology and Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (ACA, LM, MKH, AMD, PDPP, DFE)
| | - Manjeet K. Humphreys
- Studies of Epidemiology and Risk Factors in Cancer Heredity (SEARCH): Department of Oncology and Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (ACA, LM, MKH, AMD, PDPP, DFE)
| | - Alison M. Dunning
- Studies of Epidemiology and Risk Factors in Cancer Heredity (SEARCH): Department of Oncology and Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (ACA, LM, MKH, AMD, PDPP, DFE)
| | - Stig E. Bojesen
- The Copenhagen Breast Cancer Study and The Copenhagen General Population Study (CGPS): Department of Clinical Biochemistry (SEB, BGN); Department of Breast Surgery, Herlev Hospital (HF), Copenhagen University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Børge G. Nordestgaard
- The Copenhagen Breast Cancer Study and The Copenhagen General Population Study (CGPS): Department of Clinical Biochemistry (SEB, BGN); Department of Breast Surgery, Herlev Hospital (HF), Copenhagen University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik Flyger
- The Copenhagen Breast Cancer Study and The Copenhagen General Population Study (CGPS): Department of Clinical Biochemistry (SEB, BGN); Department of Breast Surgery, Herlev Hospital (HF), Copenhagen University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Daehee Kang
- Seoul Breast Cancer Study (SEBCS): Seoul National University College of Medicine and National Cancer Center, Seoul, Korea; Department of Surgery, Ulsan University College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea (DK, KYY, DYN, SHA)
| | - Keun-Young Yoo
- Seoul Breast Cancer Study (SEBCS): Seoul National University College of Medicine and National Cancer Center, Seoul, Korea; Department of Surgery, Ulsan University College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea (DK, KYY, DYN, SHA)
| | - Dong-Young Noh
- Seoul Breast Cancer Study (SEBCS): Seoul National University College of Medicine and National Cancer Center, Seoul, Korea; Department of Surgery, Ulsan University College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea (DK, KYY, DYN, SHA)
| | - Sei-Hyun Ahn
- Seoul Breast Cancer Study (SEBCS): Seoul National University College of Medicine and National Cancer Center, Seoul, Korea; Department of Surgery, Ulsan University College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea (DK, KYY, DYN, SHA)
| | - Thilo Dork
- Hannover Breast Cancer Study (HABCS): Clinics of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Clinic of Radiation Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (TD, PS, JHK, PH)
| | - Peter Schürmann
- Hannover Breast Cancer Study (HABCS): Clinics of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Clinic of Radiation Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (TD, PS, JHK, PH)
| | - Johann H. Karstens
- Hannover Breast Cancer Study (HABCS): Clinics of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Clinic of Radiation Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (TD, PS, JHK, PH)
| | - Peter Hillemanns
- Hannover Breast Cancer Study (HABCS): Clinics of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Clinic of Radiation Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (TD, PS, JHK, PH)
| | - Fergus J. Couch
- Mayo Clinic Breast Cancer Study (MCBCS): Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America (FJC, JO, CV, XW)
- Mayo Clinic Familial Breast and Ovarian Cancer Study (MAYO), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America (FJC, ZF, NL)
| | - Janet Olson
- Mayo Clinic Breast Cancer Study (MCBCS): Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America (FJC, JO, CV, XW)
| | - Celine Vachon
- Mayo Clinic Breast Cancer Study (MCBCS): Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America (FJC, JO, CV, XW)
| | - Xianshu Wang
- Mayo Clinic Breast Cancer Study (MCBCS): Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America (FJC, JO, CV, XW)
| | - Angela Cox
- Sheffield Breast Cancer Study (SBCS): Department of Oncology, Sheffield University Medical School, Sheffield, United Kingdom (AC, IB, GE, MWRR)
| | - Ian Brock
- Sheffield Breast Cancer Study (SBCS): Department of Oncology, Sheffield University Medical School, Sheffield, United Kingdom (AC, IB, GE, MWRR)
| | - Graeme Elliott
- Sheffield Breast Cancer Study (SBCS): Department of Oncology, Sheffield University Medical School, Sheffield, United Kingdom (AC, IB, GE, MWRR)
| | - Malcolm W.R. Reed
- Sheffield Breast Cancer Study (SBCS): Department of Oncology, Sheffield University Medical School, Sheffield, United Kingdom (AC, IB, GE, MWRR)
| | - Barbara Burwinkel
- German Consortium for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer (GC-HBOC): Institute of Human Genetics, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany (BB); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Tumor Genetics, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany (AM)
| | - Alfons Meindl
- German Consortium for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer (GC-HBOC): Institute of Human Genetics, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany (BB); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Tumor Genetics, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany (AM)
| | - Hiltrud Brauch
- Gene Environment Interaction and Breast Cancer in Germany (GENICA): Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, and University Tübingen, Stuttgart and Tübingen, Germany (HB, Christina Justenhoven); Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany (UH); Department of Internal Medicine, Evangelische Kliniken Bonn gGmbH, Johanniter Krankenhaus, Bonn, Germany (YDK,); Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty of the University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (Hans-Peter Fischer); Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Bochum, Germany (Thomas Brüning, Beate Pesch, Volker Harth, Sylvia Rabstein)
| | - Ute Hamann
- Gene Environment Interaction and Breast Cancer in Germany (GENICA): Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, and University Tübingen, Stuttgart and Tübingen, Germany (HB, Christina Justenhoven); Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany (UH); Department of Internal Medicine, Evangelische Kliniken Bonn gGmbH, Johanniter Krankenhaus, Bonn, Germany (YDK,); Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty of the University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (Hans-Peter Fischer); Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Bochum, Germany (Thomas Brüning, Beate Pesch, Volker Harth, Sylvia Rabstein)
| | - Yon-Dschun Ko
- Gene Environment Interaction and Breast Cancer in Germany (GENICA): Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, and University Tübingen, Stuttgart and Tübingen, Germany (HB, Christina Justenhoven); Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany (UH); Department of Internal Medicine, Evangelische Kliniken Bonn gGmbH, Johanniter Krankenhaus, Bonn, Germany (YDK,); Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty of the University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (Hans-Peter Fischer); Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Bochum, Germany (Thomas Brüning, Beate Pesch, Volker Harth, Sylvia Rabstein)
| | - GENICA Network
- Gene Environment Interaction and Breast Cancer in Germany (GENICA): Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, and University Tübingen, Stuttgart and Tübingen, Germany (HB, Christina Justenhoven); Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany (UH); Department of Internal Medicine, Evangelische Kliniken Bonn gGmbH, Johanniter Krankenhaus, Bonn, Germany (YDK,); Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty of the University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (Hans-Peter Fischer); Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Bochum, Germany (Thomas Brüning, Beate Pesch, Volker Harth, Sylvia Rabstein)
| | - Annegien Broeks
- Amsterdam Breast Cancer Study (ABCS): Netherlands Cancer Institute, Departments of Experimental Therapy, Epidemiology and Molecular Pathology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (AB, MKS, LJVV, LMB)
| | - Marjanka K. Schmidt
- Amsterdam Breast Cancer Study (ABCS): Netherlands Cancer Institute, Departments of Experimental Therapy, Epidemiology and Molecular Pathology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (AB, MKS, LJVV, LMB)
| | - Laura J. Van ‘t Veer
- Amsterdam Breast Cancer Study (ABCS): Netherlands Cancer Institute, Departments of Experimental Therapy, Epidemiology and Molecular Pathology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (AB, MKS, LJVV, LMB)
| | - Linde M. Braaf
- Amsterdam Breast Cancer Study (ABCS): Netherlands Cancer Institute, Departments of Experimental Therapy, Epidemiology and Molecular Pathology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (AB, MKS, LJVV, LMB)
| | - Nichola Johnson
- British Breast Cancer Study (BBCS): Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom (NJ, OF); Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom (LG, JP)
| | - Olivia Fletcher
- British Breast Cancer Study (BBCS): Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom (NJ, OF); Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom (LG, JP)
| | - Lorna Gibson
- British Breast Cancer Study (BBCS): Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom (NJ, OF); Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom (LG, JP)
| | - Julian Peto
- British Breast Cancer Study (BBCS): Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom (NJ, OF); Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom (LG, JP)
| | - Clare Turnbull
- ICR Familial Breast Cancer Study (FBCS): Section of Cancer Genetics, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom (CT, SS, AR, NR)
| | - Sheila Seal
- ICR Familial Breast Cancer Study (FBCS): Section of Cancer Genetics, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom (CT, SS, AR, NR)
| | - Anthony Renwick
- ICR Familial Breast Cancer Study (FBCS): Section of Cancer Genetics, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom (CT, SS, AR, NR)
| | - Nazneen Rahman
- ICR Familial Breast Cancer Study (FBCS): Section of Cancer Genetics, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom (CT, SS, AR, NR)
| | - Pei-Ei Wu
- Taiwanese Breast Cancer Study (TWBCS): Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan (CNH, CYS); Taiwan Biobank, Academia Sinica, Taiwan (PEW); Departments of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (JCY)
| | - Jyh-Cherng Yu
- Taiwanese Breast Cancer Study (TWBCS): Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan (CNH, CYS); Taiwan Biobank, Academia Sinica, Taiwan (PEW); Departments of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (JCY)
| | - Chia-Ni Hsiung
- Taiwanese Breast Cancer Study (TWBCS): Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan (CNH, CYS); Taiwan Biobank, Academia Sinica, Taiwan (PEW); Departments of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (JCY)
| | - Chen-Yang Shen
- Taiwanese Breast Cancer Study (TWBCS): Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan (CNH, CYS); Taiwan Biobank, Academia Sinica, Taiwan (PEW); Departments of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (JCY)
| | - Melissa C. Southey
- Australian Breast Cancer Family Study (ABCFS): Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology (MCS, FH), Centre for Molecular Environmental Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology (JLH), The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study (MCCS): Cancer Epidemiology Centre, The Cancer Council, Victoria, Melbourne, Australia and Centre for Molecular Environmental, Genetic, and Analytic Epidemiology, School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Australia (GGG, MCS, GS, LB)
| | - John L. Hopper
- Australian Breast Cancer Family Study (ABCFS): Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology (MCS, FH), Centre for Molecular Environmental Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology (JLH), The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Fleur Hammet
- Australian Breast Cancer Family Study (ABCFS): Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology (MCS, FH), Centre for Molecular Environmental Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology (JLH), The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Thijs Van Dorpe
- Leuven Multidisciplinary Breast Centre (LMBC): Katholieke Universiteit Leuven–Multidisciplinary Breast Clinic (TVD, ASD, SH), Vesalius Research Center (DL), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anne-Sophie Dieudonne
- Leuven Multidisciplinary Breast Centre (LMBC): Katholieke Universiteit Leuven–Multidisciplinary Breast Clinic (TVD, ASD, SH), Vesalius Research Center (DL), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sigrid Hatse
- Leuven Multidisciplinary Breast Centre (LMBC): Katholieke Universiteit Leuven–Multidisciplinary Breast Clinic (TVD, ASD, SH), Vesalius Research Center (DL), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Diether Lambrechts
- Leuven Multidisciplinary Breast Centre (LMBC): Katholieke Universiteit Leuven–Multidisciplinary Breast Clinic (TVD, ASD, SH), Vesalius Research Center (DL), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Irene L. Andrulis
- Ontario Familial Breast Cancer Registry (OFBCR): Ontario Cancer Genetics Network, Cancer Care Ontario, Ontario, Canada; Fred A. Litwin Center for Cancer Genetics, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Ontario, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (ILA)
| | - Natalia Bogdanova
- Hannover-Minsk Breast Cancer Study (HMBCS): N.N. Alexandrov Research Institute of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Minsk, Belarus (NB, NA, JIR)
| | - Natalia Antonenkova
- Hannover-Minsk Breast Cancer Study (HMBCS): N.N. Alexandrov Research Institute of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Minsk, Belarus (NB, NA, JIR)
| | - Juri I. Rogov
- Hannover-Minsk Breast Cancer Study (HMBCS): N.N. Alexandrov Research Institute of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Minsk, Belarus (NB, NA, JIR)
| | - Daria Prokofieva
- Hannover-Ufa Breast Cancer Study (HUBCS): Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russia (DP, MB, EK)
| | - Marina Bermisheva
- Hannover-Ufa Breast Cancer Study (HUBCS): Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russia (DP, MB, EK)
| | - Elza Khusnutdinova
- Hannover-Ufa Breast Cancer Study (HUBCS): Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russia (DP, MB, EK)
| | - Christi J. van Asperen
- Leiden University Medical Center Breast Cancer Study (ORIGO): Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (MJH); Departments of Surgical Oncology (RAEMT), Clinical Genetics (CJVA), Human Genetics and Pathology (PD), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Robert A.E.M. Tollenaar
- Leiden University Medical Center Breast Cancer Study (ORIGO): Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (MJH); Departments of Surgical Oncology (RAEMT), Clinical Genetics (CJVA), Human Genetics and Pathology (PD), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Maartje J. Hooning
- Leiden University Medical Center Breast Cancer Study (ORIGO): Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (MJH); Departments of Surgical Oncology (RAEMT), Clinical Genetics (CJVA), Human Genetics and Pathology (PD), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Devilee
- Leiden University Medical Center Breast Cancer Study (ORIGO): Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (MJH); Departments of Surgical Oncology (RAEMT), Clinical Genetics (CJVA), Human Genetics and Pathology (PD), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sara Margolin
- Karolinska Breast Cancer Study (KARBAC): Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (AL) and Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University, Stockholm, Sweden (SM)
| | - Annika Lindblom
- Karolinska Breast Cancer Study (KARBAC): Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (AL) and Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University, Stockholm, Sweden (SM)
| | - Roger L. Milne
- Spanish National Cancer Center Breast Cancer Study (CNIO-BCS): Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Group (RLM) and Human Genetics Group (JB), Spanish National Cancer Centre, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Valencia, Spain (JB); Monte Naranco Hospital, Oviedo, Spain (JIA); La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain (MPZ)
| | - José Ignacio Arias
- Spanish National Cancer Center Breast Cancer Study (CNIO-BCS): Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Group (RLM) and Human Genetics Group (JB), Spanish National Cancer Centre, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Valencia, Spain (JB); Monte Naranco Hospital, Oviedo, Spain (JIA); La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain (MPZ)
| | - M. Pilar Zamora
- Spanish National Cancer Center Breast Cancer Study (CNIO-BCS): Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Group (RLM) and Human Genetics Group (JB), Spanish National Cancer Centre, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Valencia, Spain (JB); Monte Naranco Hospital, Oviedo, Spain (JIA); La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain (MPZ)
| | - Javier Benítez
- Spanish National Cancer Center Breast Cancer Study (CNIO-BCS): Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Group (RLM) and Human Genetics Group (JB), Spanish National Cancer Centre, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Valencia, Spain (JB); Monte Naranco Hospital, Oviedo, Spain (JIA); La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain (MPZ)
| | - Gianluca Severi
- Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study (MCCS): Cancer Epidemiology Centre, The Cancer Council, Victoria, Melbourne, Australia and Centre for Molecular Environmental, Genetic, and Analytic Epidemiology, School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Australia (GGG, MCS, GS, LB)
| | - Laura Baglietto
- Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study (MCCS): Cancer Epidemiology Centre, The Cancer Council, Victoria, Melbourne, Australia and Centre for Molecular Environmental, Genetic, and Analytic Epidemiology, School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Australia (GGG, MCS, GS, LB)
| | - Graham G. Giles
- Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study (MCCS): Cancer Epidemiology Centre, The Cancer Council, Victoria, Melbourne, Australia and Centre for Molecular Environmental, Genetic, and Analytic Epidemiology, School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Australia (GGG, MCS, GS, LB)
| | - kConFab
- Kathleen Cuningham Foundation Consortium for Research into Familial Breast Cancer (kConFaB): Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, and the Australian Ovarian Cancer Study Group, Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, Melbourne, Australia (ABS, JB, XC, HH, SH, GCT)
| | - AOCS Study Group
- Kathleen Cuningham Foundation Consortium for Research into Familial Breast Cancer (kConFaB): Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, and the Australian Ovarian Cancer Study Group, Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, Melbourne, Australia (ABS, JB, XC, HH, SH, GCT)
| | - Amanda B. Spurdle
- Kathleen Cuningham Foundation Consortium for Research into Familial Breast Cancer (kConFaB): Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, and the Australian Ovarian Cancer Study Group, Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, Melbourne, Australia (ABS, JB, XC, HH, SH, GCT)
| | - Jonathan Beesley
- Kathleen Cuningham Foundation Consortium for Research into Familial Breast Cancer (kConFaB): Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, and the Australian Ovarian Cancer Study Group, Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, Melbourne, Australia (ABS, JB, XC, HH, SH, GCT)
| | - Xiaoqing Chen
- Kathleen Cuningham Foundation Consortium for Research into Familial Breast Cancer (kConFaB): Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, and the Australian Ovarian Cancer Study Group, Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, Melbourne, Australia (ABS, JB, XC, HH, SH, GCT)
| | - Helene Holland
- Kathleen Cuningham Foundation Consortium for Research into Familial Breast Cancer (kConFaB): Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, and the Australian Ovarian Cancer Study Group, Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, Melbourne, Australia (ABS, JB, XC, HH, SH, GCT)
| | - Sue Healey
- Kathleen Cuningham Foundation Consortium for Research into Familial Breast Cancer (kConFaB): Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, and the Australian Ovarian Cancer Study Group, Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, Melbourne, Australia (ABS, JB, XC, HH, SH, GCT)
| | - Shan Wang-Gohrke
- Genetic Epidemiology Study of Breast Cancer by Age 50 (GESBC): Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center [DFKZ], Heidelberg, Germany (JC-C), and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany (SW-G)
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Genetic Epidemiology Study of Breast Cancer by Age 50 (GESBC): Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center [DFKZ], Heidelberg, Germany (JC-C), and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany (SW-G)
| | - Arto Mannermaa
- Kuopio Breast Cancer Project (KBCP): Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Pathology, University of Eastern Finland, and Kuopio University Hospital, Biocenter Kuopio, Kuopio Finland (AM, VMK, JK); Department of Oncology, Vaasa Central Hospital, Vaasa, Finland, and Department of Oncology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland (VK)
| | - Veli-Matti Kosma
- Kuopio Breast Cancer Project (KBCP): Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Pathology, University of Eastern Finland, and Kuopio University Hospital, Biocenter Kuopio, Kuopio Finland (AM, VMK, JK); Department of Oncology, Vaasa Central Hospital, Vaasa, Finland, and Department of Oncology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland (VK)
| | - Jaana Kauppinen
- Kuopio Breast Cancer Project (KBCP): Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Pathology, University of Eastern Finland, and Kuopio University Hospital, Biocenter Kuopio, Kuopio Finland (AM, VMK, JK); Department of Oncology, Vaasa Central Hospital, Vaasa, Finland, and Department of Oncology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland (VK)
| | - Vesa Kataja
- Kuopio Breast Cancer Project (KBCP): Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Pathology, University of Eastern Finland, and Kuopio University Hospital, Biocenter Kuopio, Kuopio Finland (AM, VMK, JK); Department of Oncology, Vaasa Central Hospital, Vaasa, Finland, and Department of Oncology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland (VK)
| | - Bjarni A. Agnarsson
- Iceland Landspitali–University Hospital (ILUH): Department of Pathology, Landspitali-University Hospital and University of Iceland School of Medicine, Reykjavik, Iceland (BAA)
| | - Maria A. Caligo
- Division of Surgical, Molecular and Ultrastructural Pathology, Department of Oncology University of Pisa and Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy (MAC)
| | - Andrew K. Godwin
- Fox Chase Cancer Center (FCCC): Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America (AKG)
| | - Heli Nevanlinna
- Helsinki Breast Cancer Study (HEBCS): Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (HN, TH)
| | - Tuomas Heikkinen
- Helsinki Breast Cancer Study (HEBCS): Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (HN, TH)
| | - Zachary Fredericksen
- Mayo Clinic Familial Breast and Ovarian Cancer Study (MAYO), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America (FJC, ZF, NL)
| | - Noralane Lindor
- Mayo Clinic Familial Breast and Ovarian Cancer Study (MAYO), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America (FJC, ZF, NL)
| | - Katherine L. Nathanson
- The University of Pennsylvania (UPENN): Department of Medicine and Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America (KLN, SMD)
| | - Susan M. Domchek
- The University of Pennsylvania (UPENN): Department of Medicine and Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America (KLN, SMD)
| | - SWE-BRCA
- The Swedish BRCA1 and BRCA2 study collaborators (SWE-BRCA): Department of Oncology, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden (NL); Department of Oncology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden (PK); Department of Oncology, University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden (MSA); Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå Sweden (BM); Department of Oncology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (AVW)
| | - Niklas Loman
- The Swedish BRCA1 and BRCA2 study collaborators (SWE-BRCA): Department of Oncology, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden (NL); Department of Oncology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden (PK); Department of Oncology, University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden (MSA); Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå Sweden (BM); Department of Oncology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (AVW)
| | - Per Karlsson
- The Swedish BRCA1 and BRCA2 study collaborators (SWE-BRCA): Department of Oncology, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden (NL); Department of Oncology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden (PK); Department of Oncology, University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden (MSA); Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå Sweden (BM); Department of Oncology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (AVW)
| | - Marie Stenmark Askmalm
- The Swedish BRCA1 and BRCA2 study collaborators (SWE-BRCA): Department of Oncology, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden (NL); Department of Oncology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden (PK); Department of Oncology, University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden (MSA); Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå Sweden (BM); Department of Oncology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (AVW)
| | - Beatrice Melin
- The Swedish BRCA1 and BRCA2 study collaborators (SWE-BRCA): Department of Oncology, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden (NL); Department of Oncology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden (PK); Department of Oncology, University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden (MSA); Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå Sweden (BM); Department of Oncology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (AVW)
| | - Anna von Wachenfeldt
- The Swedish BRCA1 and BRCA2 study collaborators (SWE-BRCA): Department of Oncology, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden (NL); Department of Oncology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden (PK); Department of Oncology, University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden (MSA); Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå Sweden (BM); Department of Oncology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (AVW)
| | - HEBON
- The Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer Research Group Netherlands (HEBON): Coordinating Center: Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (FBLH, MV, MAR); Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (CS, RAO); Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands (JTW); Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (MJL); University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands (MGA); Amsterdam Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (CMA); Vrije Universiteit University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (HJPG); University Hospital Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands (EBG)
| | - Frans B. L. Hogervorst
- The Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer Research Group Netherlands (HEBON): Coordinating Center: Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (FBLH, MV, MAR); Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (CS, RAO); Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands (JTW); Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (MJL); University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands (MGA); Amsterdam Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (CMA); Vrije Universiteit University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (HJPG); University Hospital Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands (EBG)
| | - Martijn Verheus
- The Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer Research Group Netherlands (HEBON): Coordinating Center: Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (FBLH, MV, MAR); Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (CS, RAO); Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands (JTW); Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (MJL); University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands (MGA); Amsterdam Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (CMA); Vrije Universiteit University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (HJPG); University Hospital Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands (EBG)
| | - Matti A. Rookus
- The Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer Research Group Netherlands (HEBON): Coordinating Center: Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (FBLH, MV, MAR); Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (CS, RAO); Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands (JTW); Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (MJL); University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands (MGA); Amsterdam Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (CMA); Vrije Universiteit University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (HJPG); University Hospital Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands (EBG)
| | - Caroline Seynaeve
- The Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer Research Group Netherlands (HEBON): Coordinating Center: Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (FBLH, MV, MAR); Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (CS, RAO); Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands (JTW); Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (MJL); University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands (MGA); Amsterdam Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (CMA); Vrije Universiteit University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (HJPG); University Hospital Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands (EBG)
| | - Rogier A. Oldenburg
- The Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer Research Group Netherlands (HEBON): Coordinating Center: Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (FBLH, MV, MAR); Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (CS, RAO); Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands (JTW); Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (MJL); University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands (MGA); Amsterdam Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (CMA); Vrije Universiteit University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (HJPG); University Hospital Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands (EBG)
| | - Marjolijn J. Ligtenberg
- The Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer Research Group Netherlands (HEBON): Coordinating Center: Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (FBLH, MV, MAR); Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (CS, RAO); Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands (JTW); Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (MJL); University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands (MGA); Amsterdam Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (CMA); Vrije Universiteit University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (HJPG); University Hospital Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands (EBG)
| | - Margreet G.E.M. Ausems
- The Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer Research Group Netherlands (HEBON): Coordinating Center: Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (FBLH, MV, MAR); Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (CS, RAO); Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands (JTW); Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (MJL); University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands (MGA); Amsterdam Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (CMA); Vrije Universiteit University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (HJPG); University Hospital Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands (EBG)
| | - Cora M. Aalfs
- The Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer Research Group Netherlands (HEBON): Coordinating Center: Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (FBLH, MV, MAR); Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (CS, RAO); Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands (JTW); Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (MJL); University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands (MGA); Amsterdam Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (CMA); Vrije Universiteit University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (HJPG); University Hospital Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands (EBG)
| | - Hans J.P. Gille
- The Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer Research Group Netherlands (HEBON): Coordinating Center: Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (FBLH, MV, MAR); Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (CS, RAO); Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands (JTW); Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (MJL); University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands (MGA); Amsterdam Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (CMA); Vrije Universiteit University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (HJPG); University Hospital Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands (EBG)
| | - Juul T. Wijnen
- The Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer Research Group Netherlands (HEBON): Coordinating Center: Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (FBLH, MV, MAR); Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (CS, RAO); Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands (JTW); Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (MJL); University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands (MGA); Amsterdam Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (CMA); Vrije Universiteit University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (HJPG); University Hospital Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands (EBG)
| | - Encarna B. Gómez García
- The Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer Research Group Netherlands (HEBON): Coordinating Center: Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (FBLH, MV, MAR); Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (CS, RAO); Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands (JTW); Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (MJL); University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands (MGA); Amsterdam Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (CMA); Vrije Universiteit University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (HJPG); University Hospital Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands (EBG)
| | - EMBRACE
- Epidemiological study of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers (EMBRACE): Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (SP, MC, CTO, DF, CL); Genetic Medicine, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Central Manchester University Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom (DGE); Oncogenetics Team, The Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (RE); Clinical Genetics, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (GP); Ferguson-Smith Centre for Clinical Genetics, Yorkhill Hospitals, Glasgow, United Kingdom (RD); Yorkshire Regional Genetics Service, Leeds, United Kingdom (CC); Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, Princess Anne Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom (DE); West Midlands Regional Genetics Service, Birmingham Women’s Hospital Healthcare NHS Trust, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom (KRO); Sheffield Clinical Genetics Service, Sheffield Children’s Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom (JC); Institute of Human Genetics, Centre for Life, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom (FD); Clinical Genetics Department, St Georges Hospital, University of London, London, United Kingdom (SH)
| | - Susan Peock
- Epidemiological study of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers (EMBRACE): Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (SP, MC, CTO, DF, CL); Genetic Medicine, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Central Manchester University Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom (DGE); Oncogenetics Team, The Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (RE); Clinical Genetics, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (GP); Ferguson-Smith Centre for Clinical Genetics, Yorkhill Hospitals, Glasgow, United Kingdom (RD); Yorkshire Regional Genetics Service, Leeds, United Kingdom (CC); Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, Princess Anne Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom (DE); West Midlands Regional Genetics Service, Birmingham Women’s Hospital Healthcare NHS Trust, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom (KRO); Sheffield Clinical Genetics Service, Sheffield Children’s Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom (JC); Institute of Human Genetics, Centre for Life, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom (FD); Clinical Genetics Department, St Georges Hospital, University of London, London, United Kingdom (SH)
| | - Margaret Cook
- Epidemiological study of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers (EMBRACE): Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (SP, MC, CTO, DF, CL); Genetic Medicine, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Central Manchester University Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom (DGE); Oncogenetics Team, The Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (RE); Clinical Genetics, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (GP); Ferguson-Smith Centre for Clinical Genetics, Yorkhill Hospitals, Glasgow, United Kingdom (RD); Yorkshire Regional Genetics Service, Leeds, United Kingdom (CC); Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, Princess Anne Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom (DE); West Midlands Regional Genetics Service, Birmingham Women’s Hospital Healthcare NHS Trust, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom (KRO); Sheffield Clinical Genetics Service, Sheffield Children’s Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom (JC); Institute of Human Genetics, Centre for Life, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom (FD); Clinical Genetics Department, St Georges Hospital, University of London, London, United Kingdom (SH)
| | - Clare T. Oliver
- Epidemiological study of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers (EMBRACE): Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (SP, MC, CTO, DF, CL); Genetic Medicine, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Central Manchester University Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom (DGE); Oncogenetics Team, The Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (RE); Clinical Genetics, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (GP); Ferguson-Smith Centre for Clinical Genetics, Yorkhill Hospitals, Glasgow, United Kingdom (RD); Yorkshire Regional Genetics Service, Leeds, United Kingdom (CC); Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, Princess Anne Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom (DE); West Midlands Regional Genetics Service, Birmingham Women’s Hospital Healthcare NHS Trust, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom (KRO); Sheffield Clinical Genetics Service, Sheffield Children’s Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom (JC); Institute of Human Genetics, Centre for Life, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom (FD); Clinical Genetics Department, St Georges Hospital, University of London, London, United Kingdom (SH)
| | - Debra Frost
- Epidemiological study of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers (EMBRACE): Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (SP, MC, CTO, DF, CL); Genetic Medicine, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Central Manchester University Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom (DGE); Oncogenetics Team, The Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (RE); Clinical Genetics, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (GP); Ferguson-Smith Centre for Clinical Genetics, Yorkhill Hospitals, Glasgow, United Kingdom (RD); Yorkshire Regional Genetics Service, Leeds, United Kingdom (CC); Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, Princess Anne Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom (DE); West Midlands Regional Genetics Service, Birmingham Women’s Hospital Healthcare NHS Trust, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom (KRO); Sheffield Clinical Genetics Service, Sheffield Children’s Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom (JC); Institute of Human Genetics, Centre for Life, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom (FD); Clinical Genetics Department, St Georges Hospital, University of London, London, United Kingdom (SH)
| | - Craig Luccarini
- Epidemiological study of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers (EMBRACE): Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (SP, MC, CTO, DF, CL); Genetic Medicine, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Central Manchester University Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom (DGE); Oncogenetics Team, The Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (RE); Clinical Genetics, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (GP); Ferguson-Smith Centre for Clinical Genetics, Yorkhill Hospitals, Glasgow, United Kingdom (RD); Yorkshire Regional Genetics Service, Leeds, United Kingdom (CC); Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, Princess Anne Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom (DE); West Midlands Regional Genetics Service, Birmingham Women’s Hospital Healthcare NHS Trust, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom (KRO); Sheffield Clinical Genetics Service, Sheffield Children’s Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom (JC); Institute of Human Genetics, Centre for Life, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom (FD); Clinical Genetics Department, St Georges Hospital, University of London, London, United Kingdom (SH)
| | - Gabriella Pichert
- Epidemiological study of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers (EMBRACE): Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (SP, MC, CTO, DF, CL); Genetic Medicine, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Central Manchester University Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom (DGE); Oncogenetics Team, The Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (RE); Clinical Genetics, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (GP); Ferguson-Smith Centre for Clinical Genetics, Yorkhill Hospitals, Glasgow, United Kingdom (RD); Yorkshire Regional Genetics Service, Leeds, United Kingdom (CC); Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, Princess Anne Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom (DE); West Midlands Regional Genetics Service, Birmingham Women’s Hospital Healthcare NHS Trust, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom (KRO); Sheffield Clinical Genetics Service, Sheffield Children’s Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom (JC); Institute of Human Genetics, Centre for Life, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom (FD); Clinical Genetics Department, St Georges Hospital, University of London, London, United Kingdom (SH)
| | - Rosemarie Davidson
- Epidemiological study of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers (EMBRACE): Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (SP, MC, CTO, DF, CL); Genetic Medicine, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Central Manchester University Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom (DGE); Oncogenetics Team, The Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (RE); Clinical Genetics, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (GP); Ferguson-Smith Centre for Clinical Genetics, Yorkhill Hospitals, Glasgow, United Kingdom (RD); Yorkshire Regional Genetics Service, Leeds, United Kingdom (CC); Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, Princess Anne Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom (DE); West Midlands Regional Genetics Service, Birmingham Women’s Hospital Healthcare NHS Trust, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom (KRO); Sheffield Clinical Genetics Service, Sheffield Children’s Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom (JC); Institute of Human Genetics, Centre for Life, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom (FD); Clinical Genetics Department, St Georges Hospital, University of London, London, United Kingdom (SH)
| | - Carol Chu
- Epidemiological study of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers (EMBRACE): Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (SP, MC, CTO, DF, CL); Genetic Medicine, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Central Manchester University Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom (DGE); Oncogenetics Team, The Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (RE); Clinical Genetics, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (GP); Ferguson-Smith Centre for Clinical Genetics, Yorkhill Hospitals, Glasgow, United Kingdom (RD); Yorkshire Regional Genetics Service, Leeds, United Kingdom (CC); Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, Princess Anne Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom (DE); West Midlands Regional Genetics Service, Birmingham Women’s Hospital Healthcare NHS Trust, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom (KRO); Sheffield Clinical Genetics Service, Sheffield Children’s Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom (JC); Institute of Human Genetics, Centre for Life, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom (FD); Clinical Genetics Department, St Georges Hospital, University of London, London, United Kingdom (SH)
| | - Diana Eccles
- Epidemiological study of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers (EMBRACE): Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (SP, MC, CTO, DF, CL); Genetic Medicine, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Central Manchester University Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom (DGE); Oncogenetics Team, The Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (RE); Clinical Genetics, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (GP); Ferguson-Smith Centre for Clinical Genetics, Yorkhill Hospitals, Glasgow, United Kingdom (RD); Yorkshire Regional Genetics Service, Leeds, United Kingdom (CC); Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, Princess Anne Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom (DE); West Midlands Regional Genetics Service, Birmingham Women’s Hospital Healthcare NHS Trust, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom (KRO); Sheffield Clinical Genetics Service, Sheffield Children’s Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom (JC); Institute of Human Genetics, Centre for Life, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom (FD); Clinical Genetics Department, St Georges Hospital, University of London, London, United Kingdom (SH)
| | - Kai-Ren Ong
- Epidemiological study of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers (EMBRACE): Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (SP, MC, CTO, DF, CL); Genetic Medicine, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Central Manchester University Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom (DGE); Oncogenetics Team, The Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (RE); Clinical Genetics, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (GP); Ferguson-Smith Centre for Clinical Genetics, Yorkhill Hospitals, Glasgow, United Kingdom (RD); Yorkshire Regional Genetics Service, Leeds, United Kingdom (CC); Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, Princess Anne Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom (DE); West Midlands Regional Genetics Service, Birmingham Women’s Hospital Healthcare NHS Trust, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom (KRO); Sheffield Clinical Genetics Service, Sheffield Children’s Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom (JC); Institute of Human Genetics, Centre for Life, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom (FD); Clinical Genetics Department, St Georges Hospital, University of London, London, United Kingdom (SH)
| | - Jackie Cook
- Epidemiological study of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers (EMBRACE): Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (SP, MC, CTO, DF, CL); Genetic Medicine, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Central Manchester University Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom (DGE); Oncogenetics Team, The Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (RE); Clinical Genetics, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (GP); Ferguson-Smith Centre for Clinical Genetics, Yorkhill Hospitals, Glasgow, United Kingdom (RD); Yorkshire Regional Genetics Service, Leeds, United Kingdom (CC); Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, Princess Anne Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom (DE); West Midlands Regional Genetics Service, Birmingham Women’s Hospital Healthcare NHS Trust, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom (KRO); Sheffield Clinical Genetics Service, Sheffield Children’s Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom (JC); Institute of Human Genetics, Centre for Life, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom (FD); Clinical Genetics Department, St Georges Hospital, University of London, London, United Kingdom (SH)
| | - Fiona Douglas
- Epidemiological study of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers (EMBRACE): Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (SP, MC, CTO, DF, CL); Genetic Medicine, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Central Manchester University Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom (DGE); Oncogenetics Team, The Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (RE); Clinical Genetics, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (GP); Ferguson-Smith Centre for Clinical Genetics, Yorkhill Hospitals, Glasgow, United Kingdom (RD); Yorkshire Regional Genetics Service, Leeds, United Kingdom (CC); Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, Princess Anne Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom (DE); West Midlands Regional Genetics Service, Birmingham Women’s Hospital Healthcare NHS Trust, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom (KRO); Sheffield Clinical Genetics Service, Sheffield Children’s Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom (JC); Institute of Human Genetics, Centre for Life, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom (FD); Clinical Genetics Department, St Georges Hospital, University of London, London, United Kingdom (SH)
| | - Shirley Hodgson
- Epidemiological study of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers (EMBRACE): Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (SP, MC, CTO, DF, CL); Genetic Medicine, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Central Manchester University Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom (DGE); Oncogenetics Team, The Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (RE); Clinical Genetics, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (GP); Ferguson-Smith Centre for Clinical Genetics, Yorkhill Hospitals, Glasgow, United Kingdom (RD); Yorkshire Regional Genetics Service, Leeds, United Kingdom (CC); Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, Princess Anne Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom (DE); West Midlands Regional Genetics Service, Birmingham Women’s Hospital Healthcare NHS Trust, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom (KRO); Sheffield Clinical Genetics Service, Sheffield Children’s Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom (JC); Institute of Human Genetics, Centre for Life, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom (FD); Clinical Genetics Department, St Georges Hospital, University of London, London, United Kingdom (SH)
| | - D. Gareth Evans
- Epidemiological study of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers (EMBRACE): Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (SP, MC, CTO, DF, CL); Genetic Medicine, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Central Manchester University Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom (DGE); Oncogenetics Team, The Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (RE); Clinical Genetics, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (GP); Ferguson-Smith Centre for Clinical Genetics, Yorkhill Hospitals, Glasgow, United Kingdom (RD); Yorkshire Regional Genetics Service, Leeds, United Kingdom (CC); Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, Princess Anne Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom (DE); West Midlands Regional Genetics Service, Birmingham Women’s Hospital Healthcare NHS Trust, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom (KRO); Sheffield Clinical Genetics Service, Sheffield Children’s Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom (JC); Institute of Human Genetics, Centre for Life, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom (FD); Clinical Genetics Department, St Georges Hospital, University of London, London, United Kingdom (SH)
| | - Rosalind Eeles
- Epidemiological study of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers (EMBRACE): Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (SP, MC, CTO, DF, CL); Genetic Medicine, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Central Manchester University Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom (DGE); Oncogenetics Team, The Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (RE); Clinical Genetics, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (GP); Ferguson-Smith Centre for Clinical Genetics, Yorkhill Hospitals, Glasgow, United Kingdom (RD); Yorkshire Regional Genetics Service, Leeds, United Kingdom (CC); Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, Princess Anne Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom (DE); West Midlands Regional Genetics Service, Birmingham Women’s Hospital Healthcare NHS Trust, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom (KRO); Sheffield Clinical Genetics Service, Sheffield Children’s Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom (JC); Institute of Human Genetics, Centre for Life, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom (FD); Clinical Genetics Department, St Georges Hospital, University of London, London, United Kingdom (SH)
| | - Bert Gold
- National Cancer Institute (NCI): Clinical Genetics Branch, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America (BG)
| | - Paul D.P. Pharoah
- Studies of Epidemiology and Risk Factors in Cancer Heredity (SEARCH): Department of Oncology and Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (ACA, LM, MKH, AMD, PDPP, DFE)
| | - Kenneth Offit
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC): Clinical Genetics Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America (TK, MG, KO); Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Cancer Institute, New York University, New York, New York, United States of America (TK), American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America (MG)
| | - Georgia Chenevix-Trench
- Kathleen Cuningham Foundation Consortium for Research into Familial Breast Cancer (kConFaB): Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, and the Australian Ovarian Cancer Study Group, Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, Melbourne, Australia (ABS, JB, XC, HH, SH, GCT)
| | - Douglas F. Easton
- Studies of Epidemiology and Risk Factors in Cancer Heredity (SEARCH): Department of Oncology and Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (ACA, LM, MKH, AMD, PDPP, DFE)
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Stevens KN, Fredericksen Z, Vachon CM, Wang X, Margolin S, Lindblom A, Nevanlinna H, Greco D, Aittomäki K, Blomqvist C, Chang-Claude J, Vrieling A, Flesch-Janys D, Sinn HP, Wang-Gohrke S, Nickels S, Brauch H, Ko YD, Fischer HP, Schmutzler RK, Meindl A, Bartram CR, Schott S, Engel C, Godwin AK, Weaver J, Pathak HB, Sharma P, Brenner H, Müller H, Arndt V, Stegmaier C, Miron P, Yannoukakos D, Stavropoulou A, Fountzilas G, Gogas HJ, Swann R, Dwek M, Perkins A, Milne RL, Benítez J, Zamora MP, Pérez JIA, Bojesen SE, Nielsen SF, Nordestgaard BG, Flyger H, Guénel P, Truong T, Menegaux F, Cordina-Duverger E, Burwinkel B, Marmé F, Schneeweiss A, Sohn C, Sawyer E, Tomlinson I, Kerin MJ, Peto J, Johnson N, Fletcher O, Dos Santos Silva I, Fasching PA, Beckmann MW, Hartmann A, Ekici AB, Lophatananon A, Muir K, Puttawibul P, Wiangnon S, Schmidt MK, Broeks A, Braaf LM, Rosenberg EH, Hopper JL, Apicella C, Park DJ, Southey MC, Swerdlow AJ, Ashworth A, Orr N, Schoemaker MJ, Anton-Culver H, Ziogas A, Bernstein L, Dur CC, Shen CY, Yu JC, Hsu HM, Hsiung CN, Hamann U, Dünnebier T, Rüdiger T, Ulmer HU, Pharoah PP, Dunning AM, Humphreys MK, Wang Q, Cox A, Cross SS, Reed MW, Hall P, Czene K, Ambrosone CB, Ademuyiwa F, Hwang H, Eccles DM, Garcia-Closas M, Figueroa JD, Sherman ME, Lissowska J, Devilee P, Seynaeve C, Tollenaar RAEM, Hooning MJ, Andrulis IL, Knight JA, Glendon G, Mulligan AM, Winqvist R, Pylkäs K, Jukkola-Vuorinen A, Grip M, John EM, Miron A, Alnæs GG, Kristensen V, Børresen-Dale AL, Giles GG, Baglietto L, McLean CA, Severi G, Kosel ML, Pankratz VS, Slager S, Olson JE, Radice P, Peterlongo P, Manoukian S, Barile M, Lambrechts D, Hatse S, Dieudonne AS, Christiaens MR, Chenevix-Trench G, Beesley J, Chen X, Mannermaa A, Kosma VM, Hartikainen JM, Soini Y, Easton DF, Couch FJ. 19p13.1 is a triple-negative-specific breast cancer susceptibility locus. Cancer Res 2012; 72:1795-803. [PMID: 22331459 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-11-3364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The 19p13.1 breast cancer susceptibility locus is a modifier of breast cancer risk in BRCA1 mutation carriers and is also associated with the risk of ovarian cancer. Here, we investigated 19p13.1 variation and risk of breast cancer subtypes, defined by estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) status, using 48,869 breast cancer cases and 49,787 controls from the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC). Variants from 19p13.1 were not associated with breast cancer overall or with ER-positive breast cancer but were significantly associated with ER-negative breast cancer risk [rs8170 OR, 1.10; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.05-1.15; P = 3.49 × 10(-5)] and triple-negative (ER-, PR-, and HER2-negative) breast cancer (rs8170: OR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.13-1.31; P = 2.22 × 10(-7)). However, rs8170 was no longer associated with ER-negative breast cancer risk when triple-negative cases were excluded (OR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.89-1.07; P = 0.62). In addition, a combined analysis of triple-negative cases from BCAC and the Triple Negative Breast Cancer Consortium (TNBCC; N = 3,566) identified a genome-wide significant association between rs8170 and triple-negative breast cancer risk (OR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.18-1.33; P = 3.31 × 10(-13)]. Thus, 19p13.1 is the first triple-negative-specific breast cancer risk locus and the first locus specific to a histologic subtype defined by ER, PR, and HER2 to be identified. These findings provide convincing evidence that genetic susceptibility to breast cancer varies by tumor subtype and that triple-negative tumors and other subtypes likely arise through distinct etiologic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen N Stevens
- Departments of Health Sciences Research and Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
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van den Broek AJ, Broeks A, Horlings HM, Canisius SVM, Braaf LM, Langerød A, Van't Veer LJ, Schmidt MK. Association of the germline TP53 R72P and MDM2 SNP309 variants with breast cancer survival in specific breast tumor subgroups. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2011; 130:599-608. [PMID: 21667122 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-011-1615-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2011] [Accepted: 05/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The tumor suppressor gene TP53 and its regulator MDM2 are both important players in the DNA-damage repair "TP53 response pathway". Common germline polymorphisms in these genes may affect outcome in patients with tumors characterized by additional somatic changes in the same or a related pathway. To evaluate this hypothesis, we determined the effect of the common germline TP53 R72P and MDM2 SNP309 polymorphisms on breast cancer survival in a consecutive cohort of breast cancer patients (age at diagnosis <53 years, n = 295) with gene expression data available. Patients were classified in subgroups according to their tumor TP53 mutation status and three gene expression profiles; a TP53 mutation status expression signature, a PTEN/PI3K pathway signature and the 70-gene prognosis profile. Survival analyses were performed using Cox regression models adjusting for clinico-pathological characteristics and treatment. An increase in breast cancer-specific mortality was observed for carriers of the germline MDM2 SNP309 rare GG-genotype (range hazard ratios: 2-3) or TP53 R72P heterozygous GC-genotype (range hazard ratios: 1-2) compared to those having the common genotypes within subgroups of tumors displaying a "more aggressive phenotype" gene expression profile. There was no evidence of such an effect on survival within the TP53-mutated tumor group for TP53 R72P carriers but a suggestion of an effect for MDM2 SNP309 carriers (GG vs. TT-genotype HR 2.99, P = 0.06). These results indicate that common polymorphisms in specific pathways may add to the worse prognosis of patients with tumors in which these pathways are affected by somatic alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra J van den Broek
- Division of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Bruin SC, Klijn C, Liefers GJ, Braaf LM, Joosse SA, van Beers EH, Verwaal VJ, Morreau H, Wessels LF, van Velthuysen MLF, Tollenaar RAEM, Van't Veer LJ. Specific genomic aberrations in primary colorectal cancer are associated with liver metastases. BMC Cancer 2010; 10:662. [PMID: 21126340 PMCID: PMC3027605 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-10-662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2010] [Accepted: 12/02/2010] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accurate staging of colorectal cancer (CRC) with clinicopathological parameters is important for predicting prognosis and guiding treatment but provides no information about organ site of metastases. Patterns of genomic aberrations in primary colorectal tumors may reveal a chromosomal signature for organ specific metastases. METHODS Array Comparative Genomic Hybridization (aCGH) was employed to asses DNA copy number changes in primary colorectal tumors of three distinctive patient groups. This included formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue of patients who developed liver metastases (LM; n = 36), metastases (PM; n = 37) and a group that remained metastases-free (M0; n = 25).A novel statistical method for identifying recurrent copy number changes, KC-SMART, was used to find specific locations of genomic aberrations specific for various groups. We created a classifier for organ specific metastases based on the aCGH data using Prediction Analysis for Microarrays (PAM). RESULTS Specifically in the tumors of primary CRC patients who subsequently developed liver metastasis, KC-SMART analysis identified genomic aberrations on chromosome 20q. LM-PAM, a shrunken centroids classifier for liver metastases occurrence, was able to distinguish the LM group from the other groups (M0&PM) with 80% accuracy (78% sensitivity and 86% specificity). The classification is predominantly based on chromosome 20q aberrations. CONCLUSION Liver specific CRC metastases may be predicted with a high accuracy based on specific genomic aberrations in the primary CRC tumor. The ability to predict the site of metastases is important for improvement of personalized patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sjoerd C Bruin
- Division of Experimental Therapy, Department of Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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11
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Broeks A, Braaf LM, Wessels LFA, van de Vijver M, De Bruin ML, Stovall M, Russell NS, van Leeuwen FE, Van 't Veer LJ. Radiation-associated breast tumors display a distinct gene expression profile. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2010; 76:540-7. [PMID: 20117289 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2009.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2009] [Revised: 09/08/2009] [Accepted: 09/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Women who received irradiation for Hodgkin's lymphoma have a strong increased risk for developing breast cancer. Approximately 90% of the breast cancers in these patients can be attributed to their radiation treatment, rendering such series extremely useful to determine whether a common radiation-associated cause underlies the carcinogenic process. METHODS AND MATERIALS In this study we used gene expression profiling technology to assess gene expression changes in radiation-associated breast tumors compared with a set of control breast tumors of women unexposed to radiation, diagnosed at the same age. RNA was obtained from fresh frozen tissue samples from 22 patients who developed breast cancer after Hodgkin's lymphoma (BfHL) and from 20 control breast tumors. RESULTS Unsupervised hierarchical clustering of the profile data resulted in a clustering of the radiation-associated tumors separate from the control tumors (p < 0.001). Using a supervised class prediction tool, a nearest centroid classifier of 198 probes was identified. The BfHL tumors were often of the intrinsic basal breast tumor subtype, and they showed a chromosomal instability profile and a higher expression of the proliferation marker Ki-67. CONCLUSION These results indicate that radiation-associated tumors are different from other breast tumors on the basis of their expression profile and that they are mainly of one specific cause that is characterized by high proliferation and a more aggressive tumor type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annegien Broeks
- Division of Experimental Therapy, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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12
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Schmidt MK, Reincke S, Broeks A, Braaf LM, Hogervorst FBL, Tollenaar RAEM, Johnson N, Fletcher O, Peto J, Tommiska J, Blomqvist C, Nevanlinna HA, Healey CS, Dunning AM, Pharoah PDP, Easton DF, Dörk T, Van't Veer LJ. Do MDM2 SNP309 and TP53 R72P interact in breast cancer susceptibility? A large pooled series from the breast cancer association consortium. Cancer Res 2007; 67:9584-90. [PMID: 17909070 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-07-0738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Association studies in large series of breast cancer patients can be used to identify single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) contributing to breast cancer susceptibility. Previous studies have suggested associations between variants in TP53 (R72P) and MDM2 (SNP309) and cancer risk. Data from molecular studies suggest a functional interaction between these genes. We therefore investigated the effect of TP53 R72P and MDM2 SNP309 on breast cancer risk and age at onset of breast cancer in a pooled series of 5,191 cases and 3,834 controls from the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC). Breast cancer risk was not found to be associated with the combined variant alleles [odds ratio (OR), 1.00; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.81-1.23]. Estimated ORs were 1.01 (95% CI, 0.93-1.09) per MDM2 SNP309 allele and 0.98 (95% CI, 0.91-1.04) for TP53 R72P. Although we did find evidence for a 4-year earlier age at onset for carriers of both variant alleles in one of the breast cancer patient series of the BCAC (the German series), we were not able to confirm this effect in the pooled analysis. Even so, carriers of both variant alleles did not have different risk estimates for bilateral or estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. In conclusion, in this large collaborative study, we did not find an association of MDM2 SNP309 and TP53 R72P, separately or in interaction, with breast cancer. This suggests that any effect of these two variants would be very small and possibly confined to subgroups that were not assessed in our present study.
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Broeks A, Braaf LM, Huseinovic A, Nooijen A, Urbanus J, Hogervorst FBL, Schmidt MK, Klijn JGM, Russell NS, Van Leeuwen FE, Van 't Veer LJ. Identification of women with an increased risk of developing radiation-induced breast cancer: a case only study. Breast Cancer Res 2007; 9:R26. [PMID: 17428320 PMCID: PMC1868917 DOI: 10.1186/bcr1668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2006] [Revised: 03/28/2007] [Accepted: 04/11/2007] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Radiation exposure at a young age is one of the strongest risk factors for breast cancer. Germline mutations in genes involved in the DNA-damage repair pathway (DDRP) may render women more susceptible to radiation-induced breast cancer. Methods We evaluated the contribution of germline mutations in the DDRP genes BRCA1, BRCA2, CHEK2 and ATM to the risk of radiation-induced contralateral breast cancer (CBC). The germline mutation frequency was assessed, in a case-only study, in women who developed a CBC after they had a first breast cancer diagnosed before the age of 50 years, and who were (n = 169) or were not (n = 78) treated with radiotherapy for their first breast tumour. Results We identified 27 BRCA1, 5 BRCA2, 15 CHEK2 and 4 truncating ATM germline mutation carriers among all CBC patients tested (21%). The mutation frequency was 24.3% among CBC patients with a history of radiotherapy, and 12.8% among patients not irradiated for the first breast tumour (odds ratio 2.18 (95% confidence interval 1.03 to 4.62); p = 0.043). The association between DDRP germline mutation carriers and risk of radiation-induced CBC seemed to be strongest in women who developed their second primary breast tumour at least 5 years after radiotherapy. Those patients had an odds ratio of 2.51 (95% confidence interval 1.03 to 6.10; p = 0.049) of developing radiation-induced breast cancer, in comparison with non-carriers. Conclusion This study shows that carriers of germline mutations in a DDRP gene have an increased risk of developing (contralateral) breast cancer after radiotherapy; that is, over and above the risk associated with their carrier status. The increased risk indicates that knowledge of germline status of these DDRP genes at the time of breast cancer diagnosis may have important implications for the choice of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annegien Broeks
- Division of Experimental Therapy, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Linde M Braaf
- Division of Experimental Therapy, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Angelina Huseinovic
- Division of Experimental Therapy, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anke Nooijen
- Division of Experimental Therapy, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jos Urbanus
- Division of Experimental Therapy, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frans BL Hogervorst
- Department of Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marjanka K Schmidt
- Department of Epidemiology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan GM Klijn
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr Daniel den Hoed Cancer Centre, Groenehilledijk 301, 3075 EA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nicola S Russell
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Flora E Van Leeuwen
- Department of Epidemiology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Laura J Van 't Veer
- Division of Experimental Therapy, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Broeks A, Braaf LM, Huseinovic A, Schmidt MK, Russell NS, van Leeuwen FE, Hogervorst FBL, Van 't Veer LJ. The spectrum of ATM missense variants and their contribution to contralateral breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2007; 107:243-8. [PMID: 17393301 PMCID: PMC2137941 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-007-9543-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2007] [Accepted: 02/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Heterozygous carriers of ATM mutations are at increased risk of breast cancer. In this case-control study, we evaluated the significance of germline ATM missense variants to the risk of contralateral breast cancer (CBC). We have determined the spectrum and frequency of ATM missense variants in 443 breast cancer patients diagnosed before age 50, including 247 patients who subsequently developed CBC. Twenty-one per cent of the women with unilateral breast cancer and 17% of the women with CBC had at least one ATM germline missense variant, indicating no significant difference in variant frequency between these two groups. We have found that carriers of an ATM missense mutation, who were treated with radiotherapy for the first breast tumour, developed their second tumour on average in a 92-month interval compared to a 136-month mean interval for those CBC patients who neither received RT nor carried a germline variant, (p = 0.029). Our results indicate that the presence of ATM variants does not have a major impact on the overall risk of CBC. However, the combination of RT and (certain) ATM missense variants seems to accelerate tumour development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annegien Broeks
- Division of Experimental Therapy, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Broeks A, Braaf LM, de Kemp SR, van Beers EH, Nederlof PM, van Leeuwen FE, Russell NS, vant Veer LJ. P31: Breast tumors induced by high dose radiation display similar genetic profiles. Eur J Med Genet 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2005.10.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Broeks A, de Kemp SR, Bakker W, Braaf LM, van Leeuwen FE, Stovall M, Schmidt MK, Russell NS, Wessels LFA, van 't Veer LJ. Breast tumors induced by high-dose radiation display similar genetic profiles. Breast Cancer Res 2005. [PMCID: PMC4233574 DOI: 10.1186/bcr1153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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