Akcaboy ZN, Akcaboy EY, Soyal OB, Turhan G, Gogus N. Can ephedrine pretreatment be effective in alleviating rocuronium injection pain?
Med Princ Pract 2012;
21:323-7. [PMID:
22398821 DOI:
10.1159/000336582]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2011] [Accepted: 12/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was to evaluate the effect of ephedrine pretreatment on the intensity of rocuronium injection pain when rocuronium was applied by timing principle and also to compare this effect with lidocaine and placebo.
SUBJECTS AND METHODS
120 American Society of Anesthesiology risk score I-II patients scheduled for elective surgery under general anesthesia were randomized into three groups to receive either 70 μg/kg ephedrine (ephedrine group, n = 40) or 0.5 mg/kg lidocaine (lidocaine group, n = 40) or 5 ml NaCl 0.9% (placebo group, n = 40) as pretreatment. Thirty seconds after pretreatment drugs, rocuronium 0.6 mg/kg was administered by the timing principle and rocuronium injection pain scores were recorded. Twenty seconds after rocuronium administration, anesthesia was induced with thiopental and the patient's trachea was intubated. Hemodynamic parameters and adverse effects were recorded.
RESULTS
The overall frequency of having pain was 82.5, 52.5 and 22.5% in placebo, ephedrine and lidocaine groups, respectively. Although the frequency of mild and moderate pain scores was higher in the ephedrine group than in the lidocaine group, this difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.032 and p = 0.001, respectively).
CONCLUSION
Although not as effective as lidocaine 0.5 mg/kg, 70 μg/kg ephedrine pretreatment was able to alleviate rocuronium injection pain when rocuronium was applied by timing principle.
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