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Mazzone C, Sofia M, Sarvà I, Litrico G, Di Stefano AML, La Greca G, Latteri S. Awake laparoscopic cholecystectomy: A case report and review of literature. World J Clin Cases 2023; 11:3002-3009. [PMID: 37215416 PMCID: PMC10198068 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v11.i13.3002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is one of the most widely practiced surgical procedures in abdominal surgery. Patients undergo LC during general anaesthesia; however, in recent years, several studies have suggested the ability to perform LC in patients who are awake. We report a case of awake LC and a literature review.
CASE SUMMARY A 69-year-old patient with severe pulmonary disease affected by cholelithiasis was scheduled for LC under regional anaesthesia. We first performed peridural anaesthesia at the T8-T9 level and then spinal anaesthesia at the T12-L1 level. The procedure was managed in total comfort for both the patient and the surgeon. The intra-abdominal pressure was 8 mmHg. The patient remained stable throughout the procedure, and the postoperative course was uneventful.
CONCLUSION Evidence has warranted the safe use of spinal and epidural anaesthesia, with minimal side effects easily managed with medications. Regional anaesthesia in selected patients may provide some advantages over general anaesthesia, such as no airway manipulation, maintenance of spontaneous breathing, effective postoperative analgesia, less nausea and vomiting, and early recovery. However, this technique for LC is not widely used in Europe; this is the first case reported in Italy in the literature. Regional anaesthesia is feasible and safe in performing some types of laparoscopic procedures. Further studies should be carried out to introduce this type of anaesthesia in routine clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Mazzone
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Chirurgiche e Tecnologie Avanzate "G.F. Ingrassia", Università degli Studi di Catania, Catania 95123, Italy
| | - Maria Sofia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Chirurgiche e Tecnologie Avanzate "G.F. Ingrassia", Università degli Studi di Catania, Catania 95123, Italy
| | - Iacopo Sarvà
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Chirurgiche e Tecnologie Avanzate "G.F. Ingrassia", Università degli Studi di Catania, Catania 95123, Italy
| | - Giorgia Litrico
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Chirurgiche e Tecnologie Avanzate "G.F. Ingrassia", Università degli Studi di Catania, Catania 95123, Italy
| | - Andrea Maria Luca Di Stefano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Chirurgiche e Tecnologie Avanzate "G.F. Ingrassia", Università degli Studi di Catania, Catania 95123, Italy
| | - Gaetano La Greca
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Chirurgiche e Tecnologie Avanzate "G.F. Ingrassia", Università degli Studi di Catania, Catania 95123, Italy
| | - Saverio Latteri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Chirurgiche e Tecnologie Avanzate "G.F. Ingrassia", Università degli Studi di Catania, Catania 95123, Italy
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Soltan WA, Fathy E, Khattab M, Mostafa MS, Hasan H, Refaat A, Eltantawy MAM, Ziada HFM, Sarhan MD. Combined Thoracic Spinal-Epidural Anesthesia for Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy; One Hundred Case Experience. Obes Surg 2022; 32:457-462. [PMID: 34981323 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-021-05796-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a growingly impacting human health concern. Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) is an effective treatment for morbid obesity. However, the general anesthesia (GA) used in this major surgery has its documented drawbacks in obese patients with high risk. On the other hand, combined thoracic spinal-epidural anesthesia (CTSEA), a modern regional anesthesia procedure, has the advantages of both spinal and epidural anesthesia but without their shortcomings. This prospective study is a case experience that assesses the feasibility of CTSEA as an anesthesia option for laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG). METHODS A total of 100 patients were recruited for LSG as a management procedure for morbid obesity, which was performed under CTSEA. Perioperative events, functional parameters, and patients' satisfaction scores were recorded. RESULTS Our prospective study showed successful use of CTSEA in 99% of the patients, except for one patient (1%) in whom CTSEA was converted into GA due to severe pain and anxiety. Few adverse events occurred and were managed accordingly. The satisfaction score revealed that 94% of the patients were satisfied. CONCLUSIONS CTSEA was a successful anesthetic alternative procedure for LSG surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesameldin A Soltan
- Department of Anesthesia, ICU and Pain Management, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Gamal Abd El Naser St., Shebin El Koum, Menoufia, 32511, Egypt.
| | - Ehab Fathy
- Department of General and Laparoscopic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Khattab
- Department of General and Laparoscopic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Saber Mostafa
- Department of General and Laparoscopic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Haytham Hasan
- Department of General and Laparoscopic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Refaat
- Department of General and Laparoscopic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | | | - Hisham Fahmy Mohamed Ziada
- Department of Anesthesia, ICU and Pain Management, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Mohamed D Sarhan
- Department of General and Laparoscopic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
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Gan SW, Rajbhoj A, Thiruvenkatarajan V, Trochsler M. Underused approach: subarachnoid block for a laparoscopic cholecystectomy? A case report and discussion of anaesthetic and surgical considerations. BMJ Case Rep 2021; 14:14/8/e241503. [PMID: 34362756 PMCID: PMC8351512 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2020-241503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a case of laparoscopic cholecystectomy with subarachnoid block (SAB) in an opioid-tolerant patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). A 64-year-old woman presented to the emergency department with acute abdominal pain of biliary colic. Surgery was delayed in favour of conservative management given that she was considered high risk for general anaesthesia. Due to refractory pain, she successfully proceeded to have laparoscopic cholecystectomy with SAB. This case is a timely reminder that SAB is feasible and safe in patients with severe COPD, with the added benefit of increased analgesic effects, fewer postoperative pulmonary complications and quick recovery time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siang Wei Gan
- Discipline of Surgery, The University of Adelaide, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Anand Rajbhoj
- Department of Anaesthesia, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, South Australia, Australia.,Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Venkatesan Thiruvenkatarajan
- Department of Anaesthesia, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, South Australia, Australia.,Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Markus Trochsler
- Discipline of Surgery, The University of Adelaide, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Ellakany M. Comparative study between general and thoracic spinal anesthesia for laparoscopic cholecystectomy. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF ANAESTHESIA 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.egja.2013.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Ellakany
- Department of Anesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Management, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Egypt
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Khetarpal R, Bali K, Chatrath V, Bansal D. Anesthetic considerations in the patients of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease undergoing laparoscopic surgeries. Anesth Essays Res 2016; 10:7-12. [PMID: 26957682 PMCID: PMC4767086 DOI: 10.4103/0259-1162.165500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to review the various anesthetic options which can be considered for laparoscopic surgeries in the patients with the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The literature search was performed in the Google, PubMed, and Medscape using key words "analgesia, anesthesia, general, laparoscopy, lung diseases, obstructive." More than thirty-five free full articles and books published from the year 1994 to 2014 were retrieved and studied. Retrospective data observed from various studies and case reports showed regional anesthesia (RA) to be valid and safer option in the patients who are not good candidates of general anesthesia like patients having obstructive pulmonary diseases. It showed better postoperative patient outcome with respect to safety, efficacy, postoperative pulmonary complications, and analgesia. So depending upon disease severity RA in various forms such as spinal anesthesia, paravertebral block, continuous epidural anesthesia, combined spinal epidural anesthesia (CSEA), and CSEA with bi-level positive airway pressure should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjana Khetarpal
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, Government Medical College, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Kusum Bali
- Department of Medicine, PIMS, Jalandhar, Punjab, India
| | - Veena Chatrath
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, Government Medical College, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Divya Bansal
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, Government Medical College, Amritsar, Punjab, India
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Hung WC, Chen WH, Shih YH, Hung KC. Epidural anesthesia for laparoscopic bariatric surgery: a case report. SPRINGERPLUS 2015. [PMID: 26203409 PMCID: PMC4504868 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-015-1153-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Rapid and uneventful postoperative recovery following general anesthesia in morbidly obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery may offer challenges to anesthesiologists. With improved surgical techniques and shorter pneumoperitoneum, regional anesthesia may be considered for this laparoscopic procedure in selected cases. Case description The first patient was a 60-year-old male (body mass index: 39 kg/m2) who was scheduled for laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. The second patient was a 46-year-old female (body mass index: 47 kg/m2) who was scheduled for laparoscopic gastric bypass. After standard intraoperative monitoring was applied, epidural anesthesia was performed at thoracic level T9–T10. Surgical technique modification included insufflation of CO2 at a low flow rate and avoidance of orogastric tube use. During the procedure, both patients breathed spontaneously without difficulty. One hypotension episode occurred and was successfully treated with a 12-mg bolus of ephedrine in case 1. Shoulder pain occurred intraoperatively in case 2 and was successfully treated with a 50-μg bolus of fentanyl. Postoperatively, 2 mg epidural morphine was administered for postoperative analgesia. Both patients were satisfied with the anesthesia technique and was discharged uneventfully. Discussion and evaluation This anesthetic technique may maintain pre-operative respiratory function, increase alertness, and reduce the use of rescue analgesics, which is crucial for optimal outcomes in morbidly obese patients. Conversion of epidural anesthesia to general anesthesia may be required if patients can not tolerate the laparoscopic procedure (e.g. intolerable shoulder pain) or the increased respiratory rate during pneumoperitoneum leading to difficulty in performing laparoscopic surgery. Further studies are needed to elucidate this issue. Conclusions General anesthesia is widely used for laparoscopic bariatric surgery, but epidural anesthesia may be a viable alternative to general anesthesia in selected cases. Further prospective studies may be required to elucidate the relative advantages and disadvantages of epidural anesthesia in this surgical population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chun Hung
- Department of Anesthesiology, E-DA Hospital, I-Shou University, 1, E-Da Road, Jiau-shu Tsuen, Yan-Chau Shiang, Kaohsiung, 824 Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wei-Hung Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, E-DA Hospital, I-Shou University, 1, E-Da Road, Jiau-shu Tsuen, Yan-Chau Shiang, Kaohsiung, 824 Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Hsuan Shih
- Department of Anesthesiology, E-DA Hospital, I-Shou University, 1, E-Da Road, Jiau-shu Tsuen, Yan-Chau Shiang, Kaohsiung, 824 Taiwan, ROC
| | - Kuo-Chuan Hung
- Department of Anesthesiology, E-DA Hospital, I-Shou University, 1, E-Da Road, Jiau-shu Tsuen, Yan-Chau Shiang, Kaohsiung, 824 Taiwan, ROC
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Agrawal M, Verma AP, Kang LS. Thoracic epidural anesthesia for laparoscopic cholecystectomy using either bupivacaine or a mixture of bupivacaine and clonidine: A comparative clinical study. Anesth Essays Res 2015; 7:44-8. [PMID: 25885719 PMCID: PMC4173493 DOI: 10.4103/0259-1162.113988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Traditionally laparoscopic cholecystectomy is done under general anesthesia. But recently there is a growing interest to get it conducted under central neuraxial blockade. We conducted a clinical study comprising bupivacaine alone or a combination of bupivacaine and clonidine (2 μg/kg) in thoracic epidural anesthesia for laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). The aim was to attenuate the undesirable hemodynamic changes due to pneumoperitoneum (PNO) and achieve a better qualitative blockade. Patients and Methods: After taking approval from Institutional Ethical Committee, 50 adult patients of ASA grade I and II were divided into two groups; group A where bupivacaine was given with 2 μg/kg of clonidine (Cloneon, Neon) and in group B bupivacaine (Anawin, Neon) was given with 1 ml of saline as placebo. Thoracic epidural was given at the T9-T10 or T10-T11 interspace to obtain a block of T4-L2 dermatome. Hemodynamic parameters like heart rate (HR), noninvasive blood pressure (NIBP), respiratory rate (RR), electrocardiogram (ECG), oxygen saturation (SpO2) and arterial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) were monitored and readings were recorded before and 10 minutes (min.) after the blockade and then at 5 min, 15 min and 30 min after PNO and 15 min after exsufflation. Results: All the parameters of the patients in group A remained stable but the patients of group B showed an increase in mean arterial pressure (MAP) and HR at 5, 15 and 30 min after PNO and 15 min after exsufflation as compared to Group A. PaCO2, SpO2 and RR values in both the groups were comparable. In group A, two patients complained of shoulder pain while in group B12 patients complained of shoulder pain. Conclusion: Thoracic epidural anesthesia for LC is a satisfactory alternative technique in selected cases. Addition of clonidine (2 μg/kg) to bupivacaine produces better qualitative anesthetic conditions. It prevents hemodynamic perturbations produced by pneumoperitoneum and also decreases the incidence of shoulder pain. Thus we strongly advocate the incorporation of clonidine as an adjuvant in thoracic epidural anesthesia for LC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malti Agrawal
- Deparment of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Rohilkhand Medical College and Hospital, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - A P Verma
- Deparment of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Rohilkhand Medical College and Hospital, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - L S Kang
- Deparment of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Rohilkhand Medical College and Hospital, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Bilgi M, Alshair EE, Göksu H, Sevim O. Experience of Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Under Thoracic Epidural Anaesthesia: Retrospective Analysis of 96 Patients. Turk J Anaesthesiol Reanim 2015; 43:29-34. [PMID: 27366461 PMCID: PMC4917122 DOI: 10.5152/tjar.2014.68926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 12/31/2013] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although the traditional anaesthesia method for laparoscopic cholecystectomy has been general anaesthesia, regional anaesthesia techniques are also successfully used today. In this paper, we aimed to report our experiences with thoracic epidural anaesthesia, including complications, postoperative analgesia, technical difficulties and side effects. METHODS Between December 2009 and November 2012, 90 patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy were retrospectively analysed. Demographic data, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) scores, comorbidities, duration of operations, medications and doses used for sedation were reviewed. RESULTS The gender distribution of patients were recorded as 15 males (15%) and 81 females (85%). The patients had an average age of 46.74±13.28, an average height of 162.50±5.57 cm and a mean weight of 73.57±12.48 kg. ASA classifications were distributed as follows: ASA I: 63 (65%) patients, ASA II 28 (29%) patients and ASA III: 5 patients. We recorded 3 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), 14 patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and 22 patients with hypertension who got their diagnosis in the perioperative visit. During the operation, three patients had bradycardia (heart rate 50 min(-1)), and atropine was applied. Ephedrine and fluid resuscitation had been applied to 3 patients for the treatment of intraoperative hypotension. Midazolam, ketamine hydrochloride and propofol were administered to patients for sedation during the operations. Thoracic epidural anaesthesia was performed at the level of T7 -9 intervertebral space with the patients in the sitting position. Patients were given oxygen by a face mask at a rate of 3-4 L min(-1). The pneumoperitoneum was created by giving carbon dioxide at the standard pressure of 12 mmHg into the abdominal cavity in all patients. If needed, postoperative analgesia was provided by epidural local anaesthetic administration. CONCLUSION Thoracic epidural anaesthesia can be applied as an alternative to general anaesthesia for laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Bilgi
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, Abant İzzet Baysal University Faculty of Medicine, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Esin Erkan Alshair
- Clinic of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, Nizip State Hospital, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Hüseyin Göksu
- Clinic of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, Nizip State Hospital, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Osman Sevim
- Clinic of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, Nizip State Hospital, Gaziantep, Turkey
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Regional anesthesia for laparoscopic surgery: a narrative review. J Anesth 2013; 28:429-46. [PMID: 24197290 DOI: 10.1007/s00540-013-1736-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2010] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Laparoscopic surgery has advanced remarkably in recent years, resulting in reduced morbidity and shorter hospital stay compared with open surgery. Despite challenges from the expanding array of laparoscopic procedures performed with the use of pneumoperitoneum on increasingly sick patients, anesthesia has remained largely unchanged. At present, most laparoscopic operations are usually performed under general anesthesia, except for patients deemed "too sick" for general anesthesia. Recently, however, several large, retrospective studies questioned the widely held belief that general anesthesia is the best anesthetic method for laparoscopic surgery and suggested that regional anesthesia could also be a reasonable choice in certain settings. This narrative review is an attempt to critically summarize current evidence on regional anesthesia for laparoscopic surgery. Because most available data come from large, retrospective studies, large, rigorous, prospective clinical trials comparing regional vs. general anesthesia are needed to evaluate the true value of regional anesthesia in laparoscopic surgery.
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Gupta A, Gupta K, Gupta PK, Agarwal N, Rastogi B. Efficacy of thoracic epidural anesthesia for laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Anesth Essays Res 2011; 5:138-41. [PMID: 25885376 PMCID: PMC4173393 DOI: 10.4103/0259-1162.94752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is performed to minimize the postoperative morbidity and early return to work. This study was planned to evaluate the efficacy and feasibility of thoracic epidural anesthesia for laparoscopic cholecystectomy, so that it can be later used as anesthetic technique in patients when general anesthesia is not feasible. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-eight adult consented patients of ASA grade I and II of either sex scheduled for elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy were enrolled for thoracic epidural anesthesia with 15 ml of 0.75% ropivacaine and 50 μg fentanyl. Intraoperative hemodynamic parameters and respiratory efficiency were recorded. Intra-operatively patient anxiety, pain, vomiting, hypotension or any other adverse event was managed with appropriate drug regime. Postoperative pain management with epidural analgesia, and bowel recovery were also recorded. RESULTS The thoracic epidural anesthesia was effective for laparoscopic cholecystectomy in all except in two patients where conversion to general anesthesia was required. The hemodynamic parameters and respiratory efficiency were maintained within physiological limits. Only 4 patients required treatment for hypotension with vasopressor and 15 patients experienced shoulder pain, which was effectively managed with small doses of ketamine. The midazolam was required only in 11 patients for anxiety. The mean surgical time was 56.8±51.6 min. The 24-hour postoperative epidural infusion for analgesia was effective with limited effects on bowel and bladder function. Postoperatively only 3 patients had an episode of vomiting. There was good surgeon and patient's satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS The thoracic epidural anesthesia with 0.75% ropivacaine and fentanyl for elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy is efficacious and has preserved ventilation and hemodynamic changes within physiological limits during pneumoperitoneum with minimal treatable side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Gupta
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, N. S. C. B. Subharti Medical College, Subhartipuram, NH-58, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kumkum Gupta
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, N. S. C. B. Subharti Medical College, Subhartipuram, NH-58, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Prashant K. Gupta
- Department of Radio-diagnosis, Imaging and Interventional Radiology, N. S. C. B. Subharti Medical College, Subhartipuram, NH-58, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nivesh Agarwal
- Department of Surgery, N. S. C. B. Subharti Medical College, Subhartipuram, NH-58, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Bhawna Rastogi
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, N. S. C. B. Subharti Medical College, Subhartipuram, NH-58, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Yi JW, Choi SE, Chung JY. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy performed under regional anesthesia in patient who had undergone pneumonectomy - A case report -. Korean J Anesthesiol 2009; 56:330-333. [PMID: 30625746 DOI: 10.4097/kjae.2009.56.3.330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Woo Yi
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, East-West Neo Medical Center, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo-Eun Choi
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, East-West Neo Medical Center, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jun-Young Chung
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, East-West Neo Medical Center, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
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