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Sekiya T, Sugimoto K, Kubota A, Tsuchihashi N, Oishi A, Yoshida N. Assessment of psychological changes in young children during dental treatment: Analysis of the autonomic nervous activity and electroencephalogram. Int J Paediatr Dent 2022; 32:418-427. [PMID: 34558749 DOI: 10.1111/ipd.12921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the emotional changes in children during dental treatment is necessary for providing stress-free care. AIM To objectively assess the stress associated with dental treatment in children, based on the autonomic nervous activity and the electroencephalogram (EEG). DESIGN Twenty-two children aged 4-9 years were recruited from outpatients of a paediatric clinic. Electrocardiogram and EEG were recorded throughout the treatment to analyze the autonomic nervous activities and the powers of brain waves, respectively. Changes in these measurements during each treatment process were evaluated in two age groups: 4-6 years and 6-9 years. RESULTS Elevations in sympathetic activities accompanied by decreased parasympathetic activities induced by stress were observed during rubber dam setting (RD) in the age group of 4-6 years and during infiltration anesthesia (IA), RD, and cavity preparation with a dental turbine (CP-T) in the age group of 6-9 years. Stress-related beta wave increments in EEG were observed during IA and CP-T in the age group of 6-9 years but not in the age group of 4-6 years. CONCLUSION Monitoring the autonomic nervous activities during treatments is useful in assessing stresses in a wide age of young children, whereas EEG monitoring is applicable only to children older than 6 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taki Sekiya
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry/Special Needs Dentistry, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kumiko Sugimoto
- Department of Oral Health Care Education, Health Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayako Kubota
- Department of Oral Health Care Education, Health Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Natsumi Tsuchihashi
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry/Special Needs Dentistry, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Oishi
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry/Special Needs Dentistry, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naomi Yoshida
- Department of Oral Health Care Education, Health Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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Impacts of Smartphone Radiation on Pregnancy: A Systematic Review. Heliyon 2022; 8:e08915. [PMID: 35155842 PMCID: PMC8823972 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e08915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted all aspects of people's lives, with many tasks and services now being delivered online in the aim of reducing contact and preventing further transmission of the disease. This has resulted in the increase in the use of portable electronic devices (i.e., mobile phones, smartphones, laptops), which emit different frequencies of electromagnetic field (EMF) radiation. However, the evidence on the harmful impacts of EMF radiation exposure on the human body, particularly on the abdomen of the female body during pregnancy, is scarce. Further, the related studies in the literature have yet to be systematically reviewed. If unmanaged, the absorption of EMF radiation by the maternal abdomen during pregnancy is associated with serious birth and infant outcomes. Purpose This study aimed to systematically review the published studies on the direct effects of EMF radiation emitted from mobile phones on pregnancy, birth, and infant outcomes. Methods After a systematic search using the PRISMA guidelines, a total of 18 articles were retrieved from 5 databases. Studies which addressed the negative outcomes of EMF radiation exposure on mothers, adults, and children's health were included. The research articles were then sorted based on whether their findings were related to the impacts of EMF on physiological or pregnancy outcomes. Results The findings of this review showed that EMF radiation exposure is associated with hormonal, thermal, and cardiovascular changes among adults. However, the reviewed studies did not consider the impacts of EMF radiation exposure on pregnancy outcomes specifically, which makes it difficult to draw conclusions from this review. Only four of the reviewed studies were conducted among pregnant women. These studies reported that EMF radiation exposure during pregnancy is associated with miscarriages and fluctuations in the fetal temperature and heart rate variability, as well as infant anthropometric measures. Conclusions More research should be conducted to identify the specific impacts of EMF radiation exposure on pregnancy, birth, and infant outcomes. Healthcare providers and researchers are recommended to collaborate to improve public health through public education and updated organizational policies to limit these environmental risks by encouraging the use of safe technologies.
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Kumar A, Das S, Chauhan S, Kiran U, Satapathy S. Perioperative Anxiety and Stress in Children Undergoing Congenital Cardiac Surgery and Their Parents: Effect of Brief Intervention—A Randomized Control Trial. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2019; 33:1244-1250. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2018.08.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Askarizadeh G, Karamoozian M, Darekordi A. Validation of Iranian Version of Pregnancy Related Anxiety Questionnaire. Int J Prev Med 2017; 8:17. [PMID: 28382193 PMCID: PMC5364743 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_63_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Pregnancy is an acute period in the lifetime of women, during which numerous excitatory physical and social changes occur. The purpose of this study is confirmatory factor analysis of Pregnancy Related Anxiety Questionnaire (PRAQ) that is designed in Iranian pregnant women population. Methods: A total of 170 pregnant women in health centers of Kerman city were chosen through random sampling method and completed PRAQ questionnaire and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). In this study, confirmatory factor analysis and concurrent validity are used to evaluate the validity of models; and to test-retest and Cronbach alpha were used for evaluating external and internal reliability in SPSS-19 and the AMOS software to evaluate reliability of models. Results: Confirmatory factor analysis gave an acceptable value for the latent PRAQ in the question scale and 5 micro-scale level. Furthermore, significant correlation between the components and the overall scale of the PRAQ questionnaire with the BAI confirmed concurrent validity of questionnaire. The reliability of questionnaire is confirmed based on Cronbach's alpha coefficient value of 0.78 that calculated 0.69–0.76 for the five-factors. A month later, reliability coefficient amplitude of test-retest on forty pregnant women was between 0.65 and 0.72 which shows the reliability of PRAQ over time. Conclusions: The short form of anxiety during pregnancy questionnaire has the essential psychometric properties. In this study, five-factors extracted in the PRAQ were adapted with the factors extracted from the original version. This study introduces an instrument that can be benefit in measuring anxiety and concerns of women during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghasem Askarizadeh
- Department of Psychology, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mahsa Karamoozian
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ali Darekordi
- Department of Psychology, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
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Toosi M, Akbarzadeh M, Ghaemi Z. The Effect of Relaxation on Mother's Anxiety and Maternal–Fetal Attachment in Primiparous IVF Mothers. J Natl Med Assoc 2017; 109:164-171. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnma.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 03/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Pinto P, Costa-Santos C, Ayres-de-Campos D, Bernardes J. Computer analysis of maternal-fetal heart rate recordings during labor in relation with maternal-fetal attachment and prediction of newborn acidemia. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2015; 29:1440-4. [PMID: 26177054 DOI: 10.3109/14767058.2015.1051019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess combined maternal (MHR) and fetal heart rate (FHR) recordings during labor, in relation with maternal-fetal attachment and prediction of newborn acidemia. STUDY DESIGN Fifty-nine simultaneous MHR and FHR recordings were acquired in the final minutes of labor. Computer analysis followed the FIGO guidelines with estimation of MHR and FHR baselines, accelerations, decelerations, short- (STV) and long-term variabilities. MHR and FHR characteristics, their differences and correlations were assessed in relation to labor progression and to newborn umbilical artery blood (UAB) pH lower than 7.15 and 7.20. To assess prediction of acidemia, areas under ROC curves (auROC) were calculated. RESULTS Progression of labor was associated with a significant increase in MHR accelerations and FHR decelerations both in the non-acidemic and acidemic fetuses (p < 0.01). At the same time there was an increase in MHR-FHR correlations and differences in accelerations and decelerations in acidemic fetuses. The auROC ranged between 0.50 for FHR accelerations and 0.77 for MHR baseline plus FHR STV. CONCLUSIONS MHR and FHR respond differently during labor with signs of increased maternal-fetal attachment during labor progression in acidemic fetuses. Combined MHR-FHR analysis may help to improve prediction of newborn acidemia compared with FHR analysis alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Pinto
- a Serviço de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia, Hospital Nélio Mendonça , Funchal , Portugal .,b Departamento de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia , Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - Cristina Costa-Santos
- c CINTESIS -- Centre for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - Diogo Ayres-de-Campos
- b Departamento de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia , Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal .,d Serviço de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia, Centro Hospitalar São João , Porto , Portugal .,e INEB -- Institute of Biomedical Engineering , Porto , Portugal , and
| | - João Bernardes
- b Departamento de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia , Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal .,c CINTESIS -- Centre for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal .,d Serviço de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia, Centro Hospitalar São João , Porto , Portugal .,f Departamento da Mulher, do Jovem e da Criança , Hospital Pedro Hispano, Unidade Local de Saude de Matosinhos , Matosinhos , Portugal
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Toosi M, Akbarzadeh M, Sharif F, Zare N. The Reduction of Anxiety and Improved Maternal Attachment to Fetuses and Neonates by Relaxation Training in Primigravida Women. WOMEN’S HEALTH BULLETIN 2014. [DOI: 10.17795/whb-18968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Koda A, Karibe H. Subjective ratings and autonomic responses to dental video stimulation in children and their mothers. PEDIATRIC DENTAL JOURNAL 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdj.2013.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Auricular acupuncture at the "shenmen" and "point zero" points induced parasympathetic activation. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:945063. [PMID: 23861718 PMCID: PMC3687596 DOI: 10.1155/2013/945063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Purpose. Since auricular acupuncture is a diagnostic and treatment system based on normalizing the body's dysfunction, auricular acupuncture has been applied for pain relief, relaxation, and so on. These techniques would modulate the autonomic nerve system, thereby inducing the above-mentioned effects. The aim was to see the effect of auricular acupuncture applied to the “Shenmen” and “Point Zero” points on the postoperative heart rate variability (HRV). Methods. Twenty-six patients who underwent hemicolectomy under general anesthesia were randomized into the control or the acupuncture group. After the operation and before emergence, the acupuncture group received auricular acupuncture. An electrocardiographic unit was placed for recording the autonomic nervous activities. Results. The low frequency (LF)/high frequency (HF) ratio of HRV increased (P = 0.0007) in the control, but the ratio in the acupuncture did not change. There were significant differences between the ratios of the two groups at 3 : 00, 4 : 00, and 5 : 00. HF of the acupuncture group tended to be higher. HFs of the acupuncture group were significantly higher than those of the control group at 3 : 00, 4 : 00, and 5 : 00. Conclusion. Auricular acupuncture kept the LF/HF ratio at lower levels and HF at higher levels during postoperative period in the patients who had undergone hemicolectomy.
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Uehara N, Takagi Y, Miwa Z, Sugimoto K. Objective assessment of internal stress in children during dental treatment by analysis of autonomic nervous activity. Int J Paediatr Dent 2012; 22:331-41. [PMID: 22225763 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-263x.2011.01202.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was to assess the internal stress of children during dental treatment based on autonomic nerve activity and facial muscle activity. METHODS We recorded the electrocardiogram of children during the treatment of composite resin restoration and analysed autonomic nerve activity by means of power spectral analysis of heart rate variability. Simultaneously, electromyography (EMG) activity of the corrugator muscle was recorded in children during dental treatment, and the relationship between sympathetic nerve activity and corrugator EMG activity was analysed. RESULTS In all subjects, the mean sympathetic nerve activity was significantly higher during oral examination and after treatment compared with pre-treatment. Depending on the sympathetic nerve responses to the other treatment procedures, the subjects could be classified into two groups: the stress group and the nonstress group. Sympathetic nerve activity was significantly higher during infiltration anaesthesia and cavity preparation compared with pre-treatment activity in the stress group, whereas it was consistently lower than the pre-treatment levels during most treatment procedures in the nonstress group. The mean amplitudes of the averaged corrugator muscle EMG during dental treatment did not differ between the stress and nonstress groups. CONCLUSION The present results suggest that the measurement of autonomic nervous activity, especially sympathetic nervous activity, is quite useful in assessing the internal stress of children, even when no expressed sign of unease are present during dental treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Uehara
- Division of Oral Health Science, Department of Orofacial Development and Function, Developmental Oral Health Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
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The effect of celiac plexus block on heart rate variability. J Anesth 2012; 27:62-5. [PMID: 22907708 DOI: 10.1007/s00540-012-1467-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2012] [Accepted: 07/27/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Celiac plexus block (CPB) can be used for treating intra-abdominal visceral pain syndromes. The celiac plexus is the largest plexus of the sympathetic nervous system. Several nerve blocks have a marked effect on autonomic nervous activity. Furthermore, stellate ganglion block changes cardiac autonomic nervous activity. Thus, CPB could influence the sympathetic activity of the cardiac plexus. The aim of the present study was to see whether CPB modulated heart rate variability (HRV) in patients with pancreatic cancer. METHODS Twelve patients received neurolytic CPB using 14 ml absolute alcohol. Data recorded in a palm-sized electrocardiographic unit were analyzed for HRV. RESULTS CPB using a neurolytic solution did not induce any significant changes in the low-frequency (LF)/high-frequency (HF) ratio of HRV (LF/HF, P = 0.4642). Furthermore, the procedure did not induce any significant changes in blood pressure (systolic, P = 0.5051; diastolic, P = 0.5180). CONCLUSION CPB did not induce any significant changes in HRV or hemodynamics.
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Jovanovic T, Smith A, Kamkwalala A, Poole J, Samples T, Norrholm SD, Ressler KJ, Bradley B. Physiological markers of anxiety are increased in children of abused mothers. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2011; 52:844-52. [PMID: 21501167 PMCID: PMC3134615 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02410.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A growing number of studies indicate that low income, African American men and women living in urban environments are at high risk for trauma exposure, which may have intergenerational effects. The current study employed psychophysiological methods to describe biomarkers of anxiety in children of traumatized mothers. METHODS Study participants were recruited from a highly traumatized urban population, comprising mother-child pairs (n=36) that included school-age children. Mothers were assessed for childhood abuse with the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, as well as symptoms of depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The children were measured for dark-enhanced startle responses and heart-rate variability. RESULTS Dark-enhanced startle was found to be higher in children whose mothers had high levels of childhood physical abuse, as compared to children whose mothers had low levels of physical abuse. During the habituation phase of the startle experiment, children whose mothers had high levels of childhood emotional abuse had higher sympathetic system activation compared to children of mothers with low emotional abuse. These effects remained significant after accounting for maternal symptoms of PTSD and depression, as well as for the child's trauma exposure. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that children of mothers who have history of childhood physical and emotional abuse have higher dark-enhanced startle as well as greater sympathetic nervous system activation than children of mothers who do not report a history of childhood physical and emotional abuse, and emphasize the utility of physiological measures as pervasive biomarkers of psychopathology that can easily be measured in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Jovanovic
- Emory University School of Medicine, Dept of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
| | - Ami Smith
- Emory University School of Medicine, Dept of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesAtlanta, GA, USA
| | - Asante Kamkwalala
- Emory University School of Medicine, Dept of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesAtlanta, GA, USA
| | - James Poole
- Emory University School of Medicine, Dept of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesAtlanta, GA, USA
| | - Tara Samples
- Emory University School of Medicine, Dept of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesAtlanta, GA, USA,Fielding Graduate UniversitySanta Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Seth D Norrholm
- Emory University School of Medicine, Dept of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesAtlanta, GA, USA,Atlanta VA Medical Center, Mental Health ServiceDecatur, GA, USA
| | - Kerry J Ressler
- Emory University School of Medicine, Dept of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesAtlanta, GA, USA,Howard Hughes Medical InstituteBethesda, MD, USA,Yerkes National Primate Research CenterAtlanta, GA, USA
| | - Bekh Bradley
- Emory University School of Medicine, Dept of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesAtlanta, GA, USA,Atlanta VA Medical Center, Mental Health ServiceDecatur, GA, USA
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