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Nejatie A, Steves E, Gauthier N, Baker J, Nesbitt J, McMahon SA, Oehler V, Thornton NJ, Noyovitz B, Khazaei K, Byers BW, Zandberg WF, Gloster TM, Moore MM, Bennet AJ. Kinetic and Structural Characterization of Sialidases (Kdnases) from Ascomycete Fungal Pathogens. ACS Chem Biol 2021; 16:2632-2640. [PMID: 34724608 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.1c00666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Sialidases catalyze the release of sialic acid from the terminus of glycan chains. We previously characterized the sialidase from the opportunistic fungal pathogen, Aspergillus fumigatus, and showed that it is a Kdnase. That is, this enzyme prefers 3-deoxy-d-glycero-d-galacto-non-2-ulosonates (Kdn glycosides) as the substrate compared to N-acetylneuraminides (Neu5Ac). Here, we report characterization and crystal structures of putative sialidases from two other ascomycete fungal pathogens, Aspergillus terreus (AtS) and Trichophyton rubrum (TrS). Unlike A. fumigatus Kdnase (AfS), hydrolysis with the Neu5Ac substrates was negligible for TrS and AtS; thus, TrS and AtS are selective Kdnases. The second-order rate constant for hydrolysis of aryl Kdn glycosides by AtS is similar to that by AfS but 30-fold higher by TrS. The structures of these glycoside hydrolase family 33 (GH33) enzymes in complex with a range of ligands for both AtS and TrS show subtle changes in ring conformation that mimic the Michaelis complex, transition state, and covalent intermediate formed during catalysis. In addition, they can aid identification of important residues for distinguishing between Kdn and Neu5Ac substrates. When A. fumigatus, A. terreus, and T. rubrum were grown in chemically defined media, Kdn was detected in mycelial extracts, but Neu5Ac was only observed in A. terreus or T. rubrum extracts. The C8 monosaccharide 3-deoxy-d-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid (Kdo) was also identified in A. fumigatus and T. rubrum samples. A fluorescent Kdn probe was synthesized and revealed the localization of AfS in vesicles at the cell surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Nejatie
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby V5A 1S6, British
Columbia, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Steves
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby V5A 1S6, British
Columbia, Canada
| | - Nick Gauthier
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby V5A 1S6, British
Columbia, Canada
| | - Jamie Baker
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby V5A 1S6, British
Columbia, Canada
| | - Jason Nesbitt
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby V5A 1S6, British
Columbia, Canada
| | - Stephen A. McMahon
- Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9ST, Fife, U.K
| | - Verena Oehler
- Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9ST, Fife, U.K
| | - Nicholas J. Thornton
- Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9ST, Fife, U.K
| | - Benjamin Noyovitz
- Department of Chemistry, I. K. Barber Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, 3247 University Way, Kelowna V1V 1V7, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kobra Khazaei
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby V5A 1S6, British
Columbia, Canada
| | - Brock W. Byers
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby V5A 1S6, British
Columbia, Canada
| | - Wesley F. Zandberg
- Department of Chemistry, I. K. Barber Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, 3247 University Way, Kelowna V1V 1V7, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Tracey M. Gloster
- Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9ST, Fife, U.K
| | - Margo M. Moore
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby V5A 1S6, British
Columbia, Canada
| | - Andrew J. Bennet
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby V5A 1S6, British
Columbia, Canada
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Florea D, Maes E, Guérardel Y, Page A, Zanetta JP, Cogalniceanu D, Strecker G. Structure elucidation of NeuAc, NeuGc and Kdn-containing O-glycans released from Triturus alpestris oviductal mucins. Glycoconj J 2006; 23:377-99. [PMID: 16897180 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-006-6126-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2005] [Revised: 11/04/2005] [Accepted: 11/09/2005] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Eggs from Amphibia are surrounded by several layers of jelly that are needed for proper fertilization. Jelly coat is composed of highly glycosylated mucin-type glycoproteins containing up to 60% of carbohydrates, which display a remarkable species-specificity. This material obtained from Triturus alpestris was submitted to reductive beta-elimination and the released oligosaccharide-alditols were further fractionated by HPLC. Structural characterization was performed through a combination of two dimensional (1)H-(1)H and (1)H-(13)C NMR and ESI-MS/MS analysis. Numerous carbohydrate chains are characterized by the presence of the Cad (Sd(a)) determinant, including respectively NeuAc, NeuGc or Kdn as a sialic acid. But the most significant O-glycan sequences which mark the difference between the jelly of T. alpestris and other studies amphibian jellies are polymers of GalNAc(beta 1-4)GlcNAc (LacdiNAc) which form part of the following sequence: HSO(3)(4)(GalNAcbeta 1-4GlcNAcbeta 1-3)(1-3)GalNAcbeta 1-4(GlcNAcbeta 1-3)(0-1)GlcNAcbeta 1-6GalNAc-ol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doina Florea
- Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, UMR 8576, USTL, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
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Inoue S, Kitajima K. KDN (Deaminated neuraminic acid): Dreamful past and exciting future of the newest member of the sialic acid family. Glycoconj J 2006; 23:277-90. [PMID: 16897172 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-006-6484-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2005] [Revised: 11/23/2005] [Accepted: 12/05/2005] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
KDN is an abbreviation for 2-keto-3-deoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-nononic acid, and its natural occurrence was revealed in 1986 by a research group including the present authors. Since sialic acid was used as a synonym for N-acylneuraminic acid at that time, there was an argument if this deaminated neuraminic acid belongs to the family of sialic acids. In this review, we describe the 20 years history of studies on KDN (KDNology), through which KDN has established its position as a distinct member of the sialic acid family. These studies have clarified that: (1) KDN occurs widely among vertebrates and bacteria similar to the occurrence of the more common sialic acid, N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac), but its abundant occurrence in animals is limited to lower vertebrates. (2) KDN is found in almost all types of glycoconjugates, including glycolipids, glycoproteins and capsular polysaccharides. (3) KDN residues are linked to almost all glycan structures in place of Neu5Ac. All linkage types known for Neu5Ac; alpha2,3-, alpha2,4-, alpha2,6-, and alpha2,8- are also found for KDN. (4) KDN is biosynthesized de novo using mannose as a precursor sugar, which is activated to CMP-KDN and transferred to acceptor sugar residues. These reactions are catalyzed by enzymes, some of which preferably recognize KDN, but many others prefer Neu5Ac to KDN. In addition to these basic findings, elevated expression of KDN was found in fetal human red blood cells compared with adult red blood cells, and ovarian tumor tissues compared with normal controls. KDNase, an enzyme which specifically cleaves KDN-linkages, was discovered in a bacterium and monoclonal antibodies that specifically recognize KDN residues in KDNalpha2,3-Gal- and KDNalpha2,8-KDN-linkages have been developed. These have been used for identification of KDN-containing molecules. Based on past basic studies and variety of findings, future perspective of KDNology is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadako Inoue
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.
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Florea D, Maes E, Haddad M, Strecker G. Structural analysis of the oligosaccharide alditols released from the jelly coat of Rana dalmatina eggs by reductive beta-elimination. Biochimie 2002; 84:611-24. [PMID: 12453633 DOI: 10.1016/s0300-9084(02)01432-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A combination of ion-exchange chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) has been used to separate the reduced oligosaccharides produced by alkaline borohydride degradation of oviducal mucins obtained from the jelly coat of Rana dalmatina. The primary structures of 26 O-glycans were determined by one-dimensional and two-dimensional 1H and 1H13C NMR spectroscopy. As observed for 20 other amphibian species, these carbohydrate chains are highly species-specific. The main typical feature of the species R. dalmatina consists in the presence of the backbone Gal(beta1-3)[Gal(beta1-4)]Gal(beta1-3)GalNAc-ol, previously observed among Ranidae, such as R. temporaria and R. ridibunda. Nevertheless, the nature of carbohydrates present at the periphery of the glycans perfectly differentiates the three species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doina Florea
- Departamentul de Biochimie, Facultatea de Biologie, Universitatea din Bucuresti, Splaiul Independentei 91-95, 76201 Bucuresti, Romania
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Maes E, Florea D, Coppin A, Strecker G. Structural analysis of 20 oligosaccharide-alditols released from the jelly coat of Rana palustris eggs by reductive beta-elimination characterization of the polymerized sequence [Gal(beta1, 3)GalNAc(alpha1-4)]n. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1999; 264:301-13. [PMID: 10491074 DOI: 10.1046/j.1432-1327.1999.00544.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The eggs of amphibians are surrounded by three to eight layers of jelly coats. This extracellular matrix is mainly composed of hydrated mucin-type glycoproteins. These highly glycosylated molecules are synthesized by oviduct and play an important role in the fertilization process. Recent structural analyses have shown the strict species-specificity of the O-linked oligosaccharides which constitute 60-70% of these oviducal mucins. Consequently, these carbohydrate chains represent new phenotypic markers, and from a biological point of view, can influence parasite tropism or can be involved in species-specific interaction of gametes. The primary structure of 20 oligosaccharide-alditols, released by alkali/borohydride treatment from the mucin of Rana palustris egg jelly coats, was established by 1H and 13C-NMR analysis. Thirteen of these components possess new structures and the polymerization of the sequence Gal(beta1-3)GalNAc(alpha1-4) characterizes the species-specificity of R. palustris.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Maes
- Laboratoire de Chimie biologique, Unité Mixte de Recherches du Centre National de Recherche Scientifique 8576, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
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Angata T, Nakata D, Matsuda T, Kitajima K, Troy FA. Biosynthesis of KDN (2-keto-3-deoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-nononic acid). Identification and characterization of a KDN-9-phosphate synthetase activity from trout testis. J Biol Chem 1999; 274:22949-56. [PMID: 10438460 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.274.33.22949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the deaminoneuraminic acid or KDN glycotope (2-keto-3-deoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-nononic acid) is expressed in glycoconjugates that range in evolutionary diversity from bacteria to man, there is little information as to how this novel sugar is synthesized. Accordingly, biosynthetic studies were initiated in trout testis, an organ rich in KDN, to determine how this sialic acid is formed. These studies have shown that the pathway consists of the following three sequential reactions: 1) Man + ATP --> Man-6-P + ADP; 2) Man-6-P + PEP --> KDN-9-P + P(i); 3) KDN-9-P --> KDN + P(i). Reaction 1, catalyzed by a hexokinase, is the 6-O-phosphorylation of mannose to form D-mannose 6-phosphate (Man-6-P). Reaction 2, catalyzed by KDN-9-phosphate (KDN-9-P) synthetase, condenses Man-6-P and phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to form KDN-9-P. Reaction 3, catalyzed by a phosphatase, is the dephosphorylation of KDN-9-P to yield free KDN. It is not known if a kinase specific for Man (Reaction 1) and a phosphatase specific for KDN-9-P (Reaction 3) may exist in tissues actively synthesizing KDN. In this study, the KDN-9-P synthetase, an enzyme that has not been previously described, was identified as at least one key enzyme that is specific for the KDN biosynthetic pathway. This enzyme was purified 50-fold from rainbow trout testis and characterized. The molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated to be about 80,000, and activity was maximum at neutral pH in the presence of Mn(2+). N-Acetylneuraminic acid 9-phosphate (Neu5Ac-9-P) synthetase, which catalyzes the condensation of N-acetyl-D-mannosamine 6-phosphate and phosphoenol-pyruvate to produce Neu5Ac-9-P, was co-purified with the KDN-9-P synthetase. Substrate competition experiments revealed, however, that syntheses of KDN-9-P and Neu5Ac-9-P were catalyzed by two separate synthetase activities. The significance of these studies takes on added importance with the recent discovery that the level of free KDN is elevated in human fetal cord but not matched adult red blood cells and in ovarian cancer cells (Inoue, S., Lin, S-L., Chang, T., Wu, S-H., Yao, C-W., Chu, T-Y., Troy, F. A., II, and Inoue, Y. (1998) J. Biol. Chem. 273, 27199-27204). This unexpected finding emphasizes the need to understand more fully the role that free KDN and KDN-glycoconjugates may play in normal hematopoiesis and malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Angata
- Department of Applied Molecular Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
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Florea D, Maes E, Strecker G. Primary structure of seven sulfated oligosaccharide-alditols released by reductive beta-elimination from oviducal mucins of Rana temporaria. Characterization of the sequence HSO3 (3) GlcA (beta1--3)Gal. Carbohydr Res 1997; 302:179-89. [PMID: 9291570 DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(97)00129-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The mucins isolated from Rana temporaria egg jelly coats were found to be composed of Gal, Fuc, GlcNac, GalNAc and GlcA acid. The primary structure of seven sulfated oligosaccharide-alditols was obtained by 1D/2D NMR analyses (1H-13C). The results show the presence of the sulfate monosaccharides. HSO3(3)Gal, HSO(6)GlcNAc and HSO3(3)GlcA. The sequence HSO3(3)GlcA (beta1-3)Gal, which constitutes the major determinant of the HNK-1 oncofoetal epitope, was characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Florea
- Department de Biochimie, Université de Bucarest, Romania
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Maes E, Florea D, Delplace F, Lemoine J, Plancke Y, Strecker G. Structural analysis of the oligosaccharide-alditols released by reductive beta-elimination from oviducal mucins of Rana temporaria. Glycoconj J 1997; 14:127-46. [PMID: 9076522 DOI: 10.1023/a:1018577302255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The carbohydrate chains of the mucins which constitute the jelly coat surrounding the eggs of Rana temporaria were released by alkaline borohydride treatment. Neutral and acidic oligosaccharide-alditols were purified by ion-exchange chromatography and HPLC. From the structural analysis, based upon 1H and 13C-NMR spectroscopy in combination with MALDI-TOF, the following glycan units are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Maes
- Laboratoire de Chimie Biologique, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille (Flanders-Artois), Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
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