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Mariani ME, Fidelio GD. Secretory Phospholipases A 2 in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:861. [PMID: 31354755 PMCID: PMC6635587 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Secreted phospholipases (sPLA2s) in plants are a growing group of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of sn-2 glycerophospholipids to lysophospholipids and free fatty acids. Until today, around only 20 sPLA2s were reported from plants. This review discusses the newly acquired information on plant sPLA2s including molecular, biochemical, catalytic, and functional aspects. The comparative analysis also includes phylogenetic, evolutionary, and tridimensional structure. The observations with emphasis in Glycine max sPLA2 are compared with the available data reported for all plants sPLA2s and with those described for animals (mainly from pancreatic juice and venoms sources).
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Affiliation(s)
- María Elisa Mariani
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Departamento de Fundamentación Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Gerardo Daniel Fidelio
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
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2
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Mariani ME, Sánchez-Borzone ME, García DA. Effects of bioactive monoterpenic ketones on membrane organization. A langmuir film study. Chem Phys Lipids 2016; 198:39-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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3
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A constant area monolayer method to assess optimal lipid packing for lipolysis tested with several secreted phospholipase A2. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2015; 1848:2216-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2015.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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4
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Mariani ME, Madoery RR, Fidelio GD. Auxins action on Glycine max secretory phospholipase A2 is mediated by the interfacial properties imposed by the phytohormones. Chem Phys Lipids 2015; 189:1-6. [PMID: 25987194 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2015.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) are soluble enzymes that catalyze the conversion of phospholipids to lysophospholipids and free fatty acids at membrane interfaces. The effect of IAA and IPA auxins over the activity of recombinant sPLA2 isoforms from Glycine max was studied using membrane model systems including mixed micelles and Langmuir lipid monolayers. Both phytohormones stimulate the activity of both plant sPLA2 using DLPC/Triton mixed micelles as substrate. To elucidate the mechanism of action of the phytohormones, we showed that both auxins are able to self-penetrate lipid monolayers and cause an increment in surface pressure and an expansion of lipid/phytohormone mixed interfaces. The stimulating effect of auxins over phospholipase A2 activity was still present when using Langmuir mixed monolayers as organized substrate regardless of sPLA2 source (plant or animal). All the data suggest that the stimulating effect of auxins over sPLA2 is due to a more favorable interfacial environment rather to a direct effect over the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Elisa Mariani
- Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba, CIQUIBIC, UNC, CONICET, Departamento de Química Biológica, Fac. de Cs. Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ricardo Román Madoery
- Departamento de Fundamentación Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Gerardo Daniel Fidelio
- Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba, CIQUIBIC, UNC, CONICET, Departamento de Química Biológica, Fac. de Cs. Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina.
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5
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Goñi FM, Montes LR, Alonso A. Phospholipases C and sphingomyelinases: Lipids as substrates and modulators of enzyme activity. Prog Lipid Res 2012; 51:238-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2012.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2012] [Revised: 03/23/2012] [Accepted: 03/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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6
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Ibarguren M, López DJ, Montes LR, Sot J, Vasil AI, Vasil ML, Goñi FM, Alonso A. Imaging the early stages of phospholipase C/sphingomyelinase activity on vesicles containing coexisting ordered-disordered and gel-fluid domains. J Lipid Res 2011; 52:635-45. [PMID: 21252263 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m012591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The binding and early stages of activity of a phospholipase C/sphingomyelinase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa on giant unilamellar vesicles (GUV) have been monitored using fluorescence confocal microscopy. Both the lipids and the enzyme were labeled with specific fluorescent markers. GUV consisted of a mixture of phosphatidylcholine, sphingomyelin, phosphatidylethanolamine, and cholesterol in equimolar ratios, to which 5-10 mol% of the enzyme end-product ceramide and/or diacylglycerol were occasionally added. Morphological examination of the GUV in the presence of enzyme reveals that, although the enzyme diffuses rapidly throughout the observation chamber, detectable enzyme binding appears to be a slow, random process, with new bound-enzyme-containing vesicles appearing for several minutes. Enzyme binding to the vesicles appears to be a cooperative process. After the initial cluster of bound enzyme is detected, further binding and catalytic activity follow rapidly. After the activity has started, the enzyme is not released by repeated washing, suggesting a "scooting" mechanism for the hydrolytic activity. The enzyme preferentially binds the more disordered domains, and, in most cases, the catalytic activity causes the disordering of the other domains. Simultaneously, peanut- or figure-eight-shaped vesicles containing two separate lipid domains become spherical. At a further stage of lipid hydrolysis, lipid aggregates are formed and vesicles disintegrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maitane Ibarguren
- Unidad de Biofísica (Centro Mixto CSIC-UPV/EHU), Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad del País Vasco, Bilbao, Spain
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7
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Urbina P, Flores-Díaz M, Alape-Girón A, Alonso A, Goñi FM. Effects of bilayer composition and physical properties on the phospholipase C and sphingomyelinase activities of Clostridium perfringens α-toxin. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2010; 1808:279-86. [PMID: 20727345 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2010.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2010] [Revised: 07/30/2010] [Accepted: 08/11/2010] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
α-Toxin, a major determinant of Clostridium perfringens toxicity, exhibits both phospholipase C and sphingomyelinase activities. Our studies with large unilamellar vesicles containing a variety of lipid mixtures reveal that both lipase activities are enhanced by cholesterol and by lipids with an intrinsic negative curvature, e.g. phosphatidylethanolamine. Conversely lysophospholipids, that possess a positive intrinsic curvature, inhibit the α-toxin lipase activities. Phospholipids with a net negative charge do not exert any major effect on the lipase activities, and the same lack of effect is seen with the lysosomal lipid bis (monoacylglycero) phosphate. Ganglioside GT1b has a clear inhibitory effect, while the monosialic ganglioside GM3 is virtually ineffectual even when incorporated at 6mol % in the vesicles. The length of the lag periods appears to be inversely related to the maximum (post-lag) enzyme activities. Moreover, and particularly in the presence of cholesterol, lag times increase with pH. Both lipase activities are sensitive to vesicle size, but in opposite ways: while phospholipase C is higher with larger vesicles, sphingomyelinase activity is lower. The combination of our results with previous structural studies suggests that α-toxin lipase activities have distinct, but partially overlapping and interacting active sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Urbina
- Unidad de Biofísica (Centro Mixto CSIC-UPV/EHU), and Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad del País Vasco, Aptdo. 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
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8
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Patel RY, Balaji PV. Characterization of the conformational and orientational dynamics of ganglioside GM1 in a dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine bilayer by molecular dynamics simulations. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2007; 1768:1628-40. [PMID: 17408589 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2007.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2007] [Revised: 02/10/2007] [Accepted: 02/23/2007] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The structure and dynamics of a single GM1 (Gal5-beta1,3-GalNAc4-beta1,4-(NeuAc3-alpha2,3)-Gal2-beta1,4-Glc1-beta1,1-Cer) embedded in a DPPC bilayer have been studied by MD simulations. Eleven simulations, each of 10 ns productive run, were performed with different initial conformations of GM1. Simulations of GM1-Os in water and of a DPPC bilayer were also performed to delineate the effects of the bilayer and GM1 on the conformational and orientational dynamics of each other. The conformation of the GM1 headgroup observed in the simulations is in agreement with those reported in literature; but the headgroup is restricted when embedded in the bilayer. NeuAc3 is the outermost saccharide towards the water phase. Glc1 and Gal2 prefer a parallel, and NeuAc3, GalNac4 and Gal5 prefer a perpendicular, orientation with respect to the bilayer normal. The overall characteristics of the bilayer are not affected by the presence of GM1; however, GM1 does influence the DPPC molecules in its immediate vicinity. The implications of these observations on the specific recognition and binding of GM1 embedded in a lipid bilayer by exogenous proteins as well as proteins embedded in lipids have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronak Y Patel
- School of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400 076, India
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Maggio B, Fanani ML, Rosetti CM, Wilke N. Biophysics of sphingolipids II. Glycosphingolipids: An assortment of multiple structural information transducers at the membrane surface. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2006; 1758:1922-44. [PMID: 16780791 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2006.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2005] [Revised: 04/11/2006] [Accepted: 04/25/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Glycosphingolipids are ubiquitous components of animal cell membranes. They are constituted by the basic structure of ceramide with its hydroxyl group linked to single carbohydrates or oligosaccharide chains of different complexity. The combination of the properties of their hydrocarbon moiety with those derived from the variety and complexity of their hydrophilic polar head groups confers to these lipids an extraordinary capacity for molecular-to-supramolecular transduction across the lateral/transverse planes in biomembranes and beyond. In our opinion, most of the advances made over the last decade on the biophysical behavior of glycosphingolipids can be organized into three related aspects of increasing structural complexity: (1) intrinsic codes: local molecular interactions of glycosphingolipids translated into structural self-organization. (2) Surface topography: projection of molecular shape and miscibility of glycosphingolipids into formation of coexisting membrane domains. (3) Beyond the membrane interface: glycosphingolipid as modulators of structural topology, bilayer recombination and surface biocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Maggio
- Departamento de Química Biológica - CIQUIBIC, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba - CONICET, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina.
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10
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Flores-Díaz M, Alape-Girón A, Clark G, Catimel B, Hirabayashi Y, Nice E, Gutiérrez JM, Titball R, Thelestam M. A cellular deficiency of gangliosides causes hypersensitivity to Clostridium perfringens phospholipase C. J Biol Chem 2005; 280:26680-9. [PMID: 15919667 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m500278200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Clostridium perfringens phospholipase C (Cp-PLC), also called alpha-toxin, is the major virulence factor in the pathogenesis of gas gangrene. Previously, a cellular UDP-Glc deficiency was related with a hypersensitivity to the cytotoxic effect of Cp-PLC. Because UDP-Glc is required in the synthesis of proteoglycans, N-linked glycoproteins, and glycosphingolipids, the role of these gly-coconjugates in the cellular sensitivity to Cp-PLC was studied. The cellular sensitivity to Cp-PLC was significantly enhanced by glycosphingolipid synthesis inhibitors, and a mutant cell line deficient in gangliosides was found to be hypersensitive to Cp-PLC. Gangliosides protected hypersensitive cells from the cytotoxic effect of Cp-PLC and prevented its membrane-disrupting effect on artificial membranes. Removal of sialic acids by C. perfringens sialidase increases the sensitivity of cultured cells to Cp-PLC and intramuscular co-injection of C. perfringens sialidase, and Cp-PLC in mice potentiates the myotoxic effect of the latter. This work demonstrated that a reduction in gangliosides renders cells more susceptible to the membrane damage caused by Cp-PLC and revealed a previously unrecognized synergism between Cp-PLC and C. perfringens sialidase, providing new insights toward understanding the pathogenesis of clostridial myonecrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marietta Flores-Díaz
- Microbiology and Tumor Biology Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm S-17177, Sweden
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11
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Park EJ, Suh M, Thomson B, Thomson ABR, Ramanujam KS, Clandinin MT. Dietary ganglioside decreases cholesterol content, caveolin expression and inflammatory mediators in rat intestinal microdomains. Glycobiology 2005; 15:935-42. [PMID: 15917432 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwi078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Membrane microdomains rich in cholesterol and sphingolipids, including gangliosides (GGs), are known to be important regions for cell signaling and binding sites for various pathogens. Cholesterol depletion inhibits the cellular entry of pathogens and also reduces inflammatory signals by disrupting microdomain structure. Our previous study showed that dietary gangliosides increased total ganglioside incorporation while decreasing cholesterol in the intestinal mucosa. We hypothesized that diet-induced reduction in cholesterol content in the intestinal mucosa disrupts microdomain structure resulting in reduced pro-inflammatory signals. Male weanling Sprague-Dawley rats were fed semipurified diets for 2 weeks. Experimental diets were formulated to include either ganglioside-enriched lipid (GG diet, 0.02% gangliosides [w/w of diet] ) or polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA diet, 1% arachidonic acid and 0.5% docosahexaenoic acid, w/w of total fat), in a control diet containing 20% fat. Levels of cholesterol, GG, caveolin, platelet activating factor (PAF), and diglyceride (DG) were measured in the microdomain isolated from the intestinal brush border. The GG diet increased total gangliosides by 50% with a relative increase in GD3 and a relative decrease in GM3. Cholesterol content was also reduced by 23% in the intestinal microdomain. These changes resulted in a significant decrease in the ratio of cholesterol to ganglioside. The GG diet and the PUFA diet were both associated with reduction in caveolin, PAF, and DG content in microdomains, whereas no change occurred in the ganglioside profile of animals fed the PUFA diet. Dietary gangliosides decrease the cholesterol/ganglioside ratio, caveolin, PAF and DG content in microdomains thus exerting a potential anti-inflammatory effect during gut development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eek Joong Park
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2P5
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Borioli GA, Caputto BL, Maggio B. Phospholipase activity is modulated by c-Fos through substrate expansion and hyperpolarization. FEBS Lett 2004; 570:82-6. [PMID: 15251444 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2004.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2004] [Accepted: 06/09/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
c-Fos, a component of AP-1 transcription factors, has been shown to have marked amphitropic properties and to regulate phospholipase activity against lipid monolayers. In agreement with its high surface activity, it has also been found to associate to membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum and to activate phospholipid metabolism in vivo. All these findings point to an involvement of this oncoprotein within a membrane environment. We have previously shown that c-Fos modulates in different manners the activity of phospholipase A2 and phospholipase C against monolayers of dilauroylphosphatidylcholine (PC). In this work, we have studied the possible molecular mechanism underlying the phosphohydrolytic modulation. Our results show that c-Fos expands and hyperpolarizes PC, indicating that its effects on these enzymatic activities are due to the changes it induces on the interfacial organization of the substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graciela A Borioli
- CIQUIBIC, Departmento Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba Pabellón Argentina, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina.
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Hirai M, Iwase H, Hayakawa T, Koizumi M, Takahashi H. Determination of asymmetric structure of ganglioside-DPPC mixed vesicle using SANS, SAXS, and DLS. Biophys J 2003; 85:1600-10. [PMID: 12944276 PMCID: PMC1303335 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3495(03)74591-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Functions of mammalian cell membrane microdomains being rich in glycosphingolipids, so-called rafts, are now one of the current hot topics in cell biology from the intimate relation to cell adhesion and signaling. However, little is known about the role of glycosphingolipids in the formation and stability of the domains. By the use of the inverse contrast variation method in small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), combined with small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) and dynamic light scattering (DLS), we have determined an asymmetric internal structure of the bilayer of the small unilamellar vesicle (SUV) of monosialoganglioside (G(M1))-dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) mixture ([G(M1)]:[DPPC] = 0.1:1). A direct method using a shell-model fitting with a size distribution function describes consistently all experimental results of SANS, SAXS, and DLS. We have found that G(M1) molecules predominantly localize at SUV outer surface to form a highly hydrophilic layer which is dehydrated with the rise of temperature from 25 degrees C to 55 degrees C accompanied by the conformational change of the oligosaccharide chains. The average SUV size determined is approximately 200 A, which is comparable to the reported value 260 +/- 130 A of glycosphingolipids microdomains. The present results suggest that the preferential asymmetric distribution of gangliosides is essential to define the size and stability of the domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuhiro Hirai
- Department of Physics, Gunma University, Maebashi 371-8510, Japan.
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Holopainen JM, Angelova MI, Söderlund T, Kinnunen PKJ. Macroscopic consequences of the action of phospholipase C on giant unilamellar liposomes. Biophys J 2002; 83:932-43. [PMID: 12124275 PMCID: PMC1302197 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3495(02)75219-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Macroscopic consequences of the formation of diacylglycerol by phospholipase C (PC-PLC) in giant 1-stearoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (SOPC) unilamellar vesicles (GUVs, diameter 10-100 microm) were studied by phase contrast and fluorescence microscopy. PC-PLC caused a series of fast stepwise shrinkages of fluid SOPC GUVs, continuing until the vesicle disappeared beyond the optical resolution of the microscope. The presence of N-palmitoyl-sphingomyelin (mole fraction X = 0.25) in the GUVs did not affect the outcome of the PC-PLC reaction. In addition to hydrolysis, PC-PLC induced adhesion of vicinal vesicles. When multilamellar SOPC vesicles were used only a minor decrease in their diameter was evident suggesting that PC-PLC can exert its hydrolytic activity only in the outer monolayer. A series of stepwise shrinkages was observed also for 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC) GUVs above their main phase transition temperature, T(m), i.e., when the bilayer is in the liquid crystalline state. However, this process was not observed for DMPC GUVs in the gel state, below T(m). These results are supported by the enhanced activity of PC-PLC upon exceeding T(m) of DMPC large unilamellar vesicles (diameter approximately 0.1 microm) used as a substrate. Studies on SOPC monolayers revealed that PC-PLC can exert its hydrolytic activity only at surface pressures below approximately 30 mN/m. Accordingly, the lack of changes in the gel state DMPC GUVs could be explained by the equilibrium lateral pressure in these vesicles exceeding this critical value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juha M Holopainen
- Helsinki Biophysics and Biomembrane Group, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland.
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15
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Borioli GA, Fanani ML, Caputto BL, Maggio B. c-Fos is a surface pressure-dependent diverter of phospholipase activity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2002; 295:964-9. [PMID: 12127989 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(02)00798-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
c-Fos, a transcription factor, associates to endoplasmic reticulum and modulates phospholipid biosynthesis. Its surface thermodynamic properties allow it to differentially interact with phospholipid monolayers with a selective dependence on the lipid polar head group and the lateral surface pressure. We explored the c-Fos ability to modulate phospholipid degradation by phospholipases (ppPLA2, Bacillus cereus PLC, and sphingomyelinase) using the monolayer technique. Experiments conducted under constant packing conditions show that c-Fos modulates phospholipase activity in a finely tuned way, depending on the membrane intermolecular packing. Surface lateral pressures above 12-16 mN/m induce c-Fos to activate phospholipase A2 and sphingomyelinase, and abolish phospholipase C activity. The effects of c-Fos on other steps of the catalytic process, lag-time and extent, are synergic with those on activity. We show for the first time that c-Fos participates in modulating phospholipid degradation and that it can affect the formation of lipid second messenger products by PLA2, PLC, and sphingomyelinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graciela A Borioli
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Pabellón Argentina, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, Argentina.
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16
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Lehto MT, Sharom FJ. PI-specific phospholipase C cleavage of a reconstituted GPI-anchored protein: modulation by the lipid bilayer. Biochemistry 2002; 41:1398-408. [PMID: 11802743 DOI: 10.1021/bi011579w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Release of glycosylphosphatidylinositol- (GPI-) anchored ectoenzymes from the membrane by phosphatidylinositol- (PI-) specific phospholipases may play an important role in modulating the surface expression and function of this group of proteins. To investigate how the properties of the host membrane affect anchor cleavage, porcine lymphocyte ecto-5'-nucleotidase (5'-NTase; EC 3.1.3.5) was purified, reconstituted into lipid bilayer vesicles of various lipids, and cleaved using PI-PLC from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt-PI-PLC). Bt-PI-PLC activity was highly dependent on the chain length and unsaturation of the constituent phospholipids. Very high rates of cleavage were observed in fluid lipids with a low phase transition temperature (T(m)), in lymphocyte plasma membrane, and in a lipid mixture that formed rafts. Arrhenius plots of the rate of anchor cleavage in various lipids showed a characteristic break at the bilayer T(m), together with a discontinuity close to T(m). The activation energy for GPI anchor cleavage was substantially higher in gel phase bilayers compared to those in the liquid crystalline phase. The addition of cholesterol simultaneously abolished the phase transition and the large difference in cleavage rates observed above and below T(m). Inclusion of GM(1) and GT(1b) (components of lipid rafts) in the bilayer reduced the overall activity, but the pattern of the Arrhenius plots remained unchanged. Both gangliosides had similar effects, suggesting that bilayer surface charge has little influence on PI-PLC activity. Taken together, these results suggest that lipid fluidity and packing are the most important modulators of Bt-PI-PLC activity on GPI anchors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marty T Lehto
- Guelph-Waterloo Centre for Graduate Work in Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1
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17
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Enzymatic Reactions at Interfaces. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s1383-7303(02)80006-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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18
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Fanani ML, Maggio B. Kinetic steps for the hydrolysis of sphingomyelin by Bacillus cereus sphingomyelinase in lipid monolayers. J Lipid Res 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2275(20)31977-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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19
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Guglielmone HA, Daniele JJ, Bianco ID, Fernandez EJ, Fidelio GD. Inhibition of human platelet aggregation by gangliosides. Thromb Res 2000; 98:51-7. [PMID: 10706933 DOI: 10.1016/s0049-3848(99)00208-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The content and composition of gangliosides is modified upon platelet stimulation, suggesting that these lipids may play functional roles in platelet physiology. Therefore, the effect of exogenously added gangliosides on human platelet aggregation was evaluated. The pretreatment of platelets with a mixture of total gangliosides from bovine brain and a series of purified mono-, di- and tri-sialogangliosides partially inhibit the collagen-induced aggregation process and ATP release and completely block the generation of the second aggregation wave when ADP is used as agonist. The inhibition was exerted at around 100 microM by G(TOT) as well as purified G(M1), G(M3), G(D1a), and G(T1b) gangliosides, whereas asialoG(M1) and sulphatide did not show a significant influence on platelet aggregation. Thrombin, Ca(2+) ionophores (A23187 and Ionomycin), arachidonic acid, and U46619 were unable to bypass the inhibitory effect exerted by gangliosides, suggesting that gangliosides inhibit platelet aggregation by inhibiting the synthesis or action of prostaglandins. Gangliosides inhibited U46619-induced aggregation, thus suggesting that they block the action of thromboxane A(2). Epinephrine induces a partial aggregation on gangliosides-treated platelets, similar to fluoroaluminate and phorbol myristate acetate, indicating that these platelets are still functional. To summarize, these results indicate that the major pathway(s), but not all, driving to the aggregation process following the interaction of ligand-receptor may be blocked by pretreatment of human platelets with gangliosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- H A Guglielmone
- Laboratorio de Análisis Clínicos Especializados (L.A.C.E.), 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
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Maggio B. Modulation of phospholipase A2 by electrostatic fields and dipole potential of glycosphingolipids in monolayers. J Lipid Res 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2275(20)32128-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Fanani ML, Maggio B. Surface pressure-dependent cross-modulation of sphingomyelinase and phospholipase A2 in monolayers. Lipids 1998; 33:1079-87. [PMID: 9870902 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-998-0308-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the ways in which phospholipase A2 and sphingomyelinase are mutually modulated at lipid interfaces. The activity of one enzyme is affected by its own reaction products and by substrates and products of the other enzyme; all this depends differently on the lateral surface pressure. Ceramide inhibits both the sphingomyelinase activity rate and the extent of degradation, and decreases the lag time at all surface pressures. Dilauroyl- and dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine, the substrates of phospholipase A2 (PLA2), do not affect sphingomyelinase activity. The products of PLA2, palmitic acid and lysopalmitoylphosphatidylcholine, strongly enhance and shift to high surface pressures the activity optimum and the cutoff point of sphingomyelinase. Palmitic acid also shifts to high surface pressures the cut-off point of PLA2 activity. Sphingomyelin strongly inhibits PLA2 at surface pressures above 5 mN/m, while ceramide shifts the cut-off point and the activity optimum to high surface pressures. The sphingolipids increase the lag time of PLA2 at low surface pressures. Both phosphohydrolytic pathways involve different levels of control on precatalytic steps and on the rate of activity that appear independent on specific alterations of molecular packing and surface potential. The mutual lipid-mediated interfacial modulation between both phosphohydrolytic pathways indicates that phospholipid degradation may be self-amplified or dampened depending on subtle changes of surface pressure and composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Fanani
- Departamento de Química Biológica - CIQUIBIC, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina
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Pincelli MM, Levstein PR, Martı́n CA, Fidelio GD. Cholesterol-induced stabilization of lamellar structures in ganglioside-containing lipid aggregates. A 31P-NMR study. Chem Phys Lipids 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-3084(98)00050-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Basáñez G, Goñi FM, Alonso A. Poly(ethylene glycol)-lipid conjugates inhibit phospholipase C-induced lipid hydrolysis, liposome aggregation and fusion through independent mechanisms. FEBS Lett 1997; 411:281-6. [PMID: 9271221 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(97)00716-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Poly(ethylene glycol)-phosphatidylethanolamine (PEG-PE) conjugates have been introduced in liposomal compositions. The resulting large unilamellar vesicles were subjected to the action of phospholipase C. Enzyme-promoted vesicle aggregation and fusion were assayed in liposomes containing various proportions of PEG-PE. At PEG-PE concentrations above 1 mol% the rate of phospholipid hydrolysis decreases, perhaps because the PEG moiety hinders the enzyme from reaching the membrane surface. At concentrations above 0.1 mol% vesicle aggregation occurs at a slower rate, presumably because of the repulsive barrier properties or surface-grafted PEG. Lipid mixing decreases in parallel with vesicle aggregation. Finally, liposomal fusion rates measured as mixing of vesicle aqueous contents are decreased at or even below 0.1 mol%. The latter inhibition is due, apart from the reduced rates of lipid hydrolysis, vesicle aggregation and lipid mixing, to a PEG-PE-based stabilization of the lipid bilayer structure. Thus the observed low rates of contents mixing arise from three combined and independent inhibitory effects of PEG-PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Basáñez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad del País Vasco, Bilbao, Spain
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Fanani ML, Maggio B. Mutual modulation of sphingomyelinase and phospholipase A2 activities against mixed lipid monolayers by their lipid intermediates and glycosphingolipids. Mol Membr Biol 1997; 14:25-9. [PMID: 9160338 DOI: 10.3109/09687689709048166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Sphingomyelinase activity against pure sphingomyelin monolayers is constant up to a surface pressure of 18 mN/m and falls above it. Sphingomyelinase- and phospholipase A2-mediated phosphohydrolytic pathways are mutually modulated by the presence of their respective substrates and products. At 15 mN/m non-substrate lipids such as ceramide at a mole fraction of 0.1 in mixed films with the pure substrate, inhibit the sphingomyelinase activity. Ganglioside GM1, another ceramide-containing complex sphingolipid, also inhibits sphingomyelinase activity, while a chemically related glycosphingolipid such as asialo-GM1 has no effect. The activity is unaltered by dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine and by an equimolar mixture of its products of hydrolysis by phospholipase A2, fatty acid and lysoderivative, but it is inhibited by only one of them or by dilauroylphosphatidylcholine. Phospholipase A2 is inhibited by sphingomyelin, and activated by ceramide and by palmitic acid, one of the products of its own phosphohydrolytic reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Fanani
- Departamento de Quimica Biológica-CIQUIBIC, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina
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