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Böszörményi A, Dobi A, Skribanek A, Pávai M, Solymosi K. The Effect of Light on Plastid Differentiation, Chlorophyll Biosynthesis, and Essential Oil Composition in Rosemary ( Rosmarinus officinalis) Leaves and Cotyledons. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:196. [PMID: 32194595 PMCID: PMC7063033 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
It is unclear whether light affects the structure and activity of exogenous secretory tissues like glandular hairs. Therefore, transmission electron microscopy was first used to study plastid differentiation in glandular hairs and leaves of light-grown rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis "Arp") plants kept for 2 weeks under ambient light conditions. During our detailed analyses, among others, we found leucoplasts with tubuloreticular membrane structures resembling prolamellar bodies in stalk cell plastids of peltate glandular hairs. To study the effect of darkness on plastid differentiation, we then dark-forced adult, light-grown rosemary plants for 2 weeks and observed occasionally the development of new shoots with elongated internodes and pale leaves on them. Absorption and fluorescence spectroscopic analyses of the chlorophyllous pigment contents, the native arrangement of the pigment-protein complexes and photosynthetic activity confirmed that the first and second pairs of leaf primordia of dark-forced shoots were partially etiolated (contained low amounts of protochlorophyll/ide and residual chlorophylls, had etio-chloroplasts with prolamellar bodies and low grana, and impaired photosynthesis). Darkness did not influence plastid structure in fifth leaves or secretory tissues (except for head cells of peltate glandular hairs in which rarely tubuloreticular membranes appeared). The mesophyll cells of cotyledons of 2-week-old dark-germinated rosemary seedlings contained etioplasts with highly regular prolamellar bodies similar to those in mesophyll etio-chloroplasts of leaves and clearly differing from tubuloreticular membranes of secretory cells. Analyses of the essential oil composition obtained after solid phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy showed that in addition to light, the age of the studied organ (i.e., first leaf primordia and leaf tip vs. fifth, fully developed green leaves) and the type of the organ (cotyledon vs. leaves) also strongly influenced the essential oil composition. Therefore, light conditions and developmental stage are both important factors to be considered in case of potential therapeutic, culinary or aromatic uses of rosemary leaves and their essential oils.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adrienn Dobi
- Department of Plant Anatomy, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna Skribanek
- Department of Biology, ELTE Savaria University Centre, Szombathely, Hungary
| | - Melinda Pávai
- Department of Plant Anatomy, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Katalin Solymosi
- Department of Plant Anatomy, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- *Correspondence: Katalin Solymosi, ;
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Post-effects of high hydrostatic pressure on chlorophylls and chlorophyll–protein complexes in spinach during storage. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-018-9745-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Shibata S, Arimura SI, Ishikawa T, Awai K. Alterations of Membrane Lipid Content Correlated With Chloroplast and Mitochondria Development in Euglena gracilis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:370. [PMID: 29636759 PMCID: PMC5881160 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Euglenoids are unique protists that can grow photoautotrophically, photomixotrophically, and heterotrophically. Here we grew Euglena gracilis under these different growth conditions and determined cellular contents of seven membrane lipids and one storage lipid (triacylglycerol), which account for more than 94 mol% of total membrane lipids. We also describe the relationship among chloroplast and mitochondria developments with lipid contents, protein contents, and oxygen evolution/consumption rates. In photoautotrophic growth conditions, E. gracilis cells accumulated chlorophyll, photosynthetic proteins, and glycolipids typical to thylakoid membranes. The same occurred for the cells grown under photomixotrophic conditions with higher respiration rates. In heterotrophic conditions, E. gracilis cells had higher respiration rates compared to cells grown in other conditions with the accumulation of pyruvate: NADP+ oxidoreductase, a mitochondrial protein and phospholipid common in mitochondria. Cells were also observed using a confocal laser scanning microscope and found to show more chlorophyll autofluorescence when grown photoautotrophically and photomixotrophycally, and fluorescence of MitoTracker when grown photomixotrophically and heterotrophically. These results suggest that under illumination, E. gracilis develops functional thylakoid membranes with membrane lipids and proteins for photosynthesis. In the medium with glucose, the cells develop mitochondria with phospholipids and proteins for respiration. Possible application based on lipid analysis for the enhancement of wax ester or alkene synthesis is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiori Shibata
- Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Shin-ichi Arimura
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ishikawa
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichiro Awai
- Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo, Japan
- Research Institute of Electronics, Shizuoka University, Hamamatsu, Japan
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Wang R, Ding S, Hu X, Zhang Y. Stability of chlorophyll–protein complex (photosystem II) in processed spinach: Effect of high hydrostatic pressure. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2017.1293088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Wang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Shenghua Ding
- Hunan Agricultural Product Processing Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaosong Hu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Wang R, Ding S, Hu X, Liao X, Zhang Y. Effects of high hydrostatic pressure on chlorophylls and chlorophyll–protein complexes in spinach. Eur Food Res Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-016-2654-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Kalaji HM, Schansker G, Ladle RJ, Goltsev V, Bosa K, Allakhverdiev SI, Brestic M, Bussotti F, Calatayud A, Dąbrowski P, Elsheery NI, Ferroni L, Guidi L, Hogewoning SW, Jajoo A, Misra AN, Nebauer SG, Pancaldi S, Penella C, Poli D, Pollastrini M, Romanowska-Duda ZB, Rutkowska B, Serôdio J, Suresh K, Szulc W, Tambussi E, Yanniccari M, Zivcak M. Frequently asked questions about in vivo chlorophyll fluorescence: practical issues. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2014; 122:121-58. [PMID: 25119687 PMCID: PMC4210649 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-014-0024-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 334] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this educational review is to provide practical information on the hardware, methodology, and the hands on application of chlorophyll (Chl) a fluorescence technology. We present the paper in a question and answer format like frequently asked questions. Although nearly all information on the application of Chl a fluorescence can be found in the literature, it is not always easily accessible. This paper is primarily aimed at scientists who have some experience with the application of Chl a fluorescence but are still in the process of discovering what it all means and how it can be used. Topics discussed are (among other things) the kind of information that can be obtained using different fluorescence techniques, the interpretation of Chl a fluorescence signals, specific applications of these techniques, and practical advice on different subjects, such as on the length of dark adaptation before measurement of the Chl a fluorescence transient. The paper also provides the physiological background for some of the applied procedures. It also serves as a source of reference for experienced scientists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazem M. Kalaji
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Gert Schansker
- Avenue des Amazones 2, 1226 Chêne-Bougeries, Switzerland
| | - Richard J. Ladle
- Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas, Praça Afrânio Jorge, s/n, Prado, Maceió, AL Brazil
| | - Vasilij Goltsev
- Department of Biophysics and Radiobiology, Faculty of Biology, St. Kliment Ohridski University of Sofia, 8 Dr. Tzankov Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Karolina Bosa
- Department of Pomology, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Suleyman I. Allakhverdiev
- Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya Street 35, Moscow, 127276 Russia
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290 Russia
| | - Marian Brestic
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak Agricultural University, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Filippo Bussotti
- Department of Agri-Food Production and Environmental Science (DISPAA), University of Florence, Piazzale delle Cascine 28, 50144 Florence, Italy
| | - Angeles Calatayud
- Departamento de Horticultura, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, Ctra. Moncada-Náquera Km 4.5, Moncada, 46113 Valencia, Spain
| | - Piotr Dąbrowski
- Department of Environmental Improvement, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Nabil I. Elsheery
- Agricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Lorenzo Ferroni
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Ferrara, Corso Ercole I d’Este 32, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Lucia Guidi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Via del Borghetto, 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Anjana Jajoo
- School of Life Sciences, Devi Ahilya University, Indore, 452 001 M.P India
| | - Amarendra N. Misra
- Centre for Life Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Ratu-Lohardaga Road, Ranchi, 835205 India
| | - Sergio G. Nebauer
- Departamento de Producción vegetal, Universitat Politècnica de València, C de Vera sn, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Simonetta Pancaldi
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Ferrara, Corso Ercole I d’Este 32, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Consuelo Penella
- Departamento de Horticultura, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, Ctra. Moncada-Náquera Km 4.5, Moncada, 46113 Valencia, Spain
| | - DorothyBelle Poli
- Department of Biology, Roanoke College, 221 College Lane, Salem, VA 24153 USA
| | - Martina Pollastrini
- Department of Agri-Food Production and Environmental Science (DISPAA), University of Florence, Piazzale delle Cascine 28, 50144 Florence, Italy
| | | | - Beata Rutkowska
- Agricultural Chemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - João Serôdio
- Departamento de Biologia, CESAM – Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Kancherla Suresh
- Directorate of Oil Palm Research, West Godavari Dt., Pedavegi, 534 450 Andhra Pradesh India
| | - Wiesław Szulc
- Agricultural Chemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Eduardo Tambussi
- Institute of Plant Physiology, INFIVE (Universidad Nacional de La Plata – Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), Diagonal 113 N°495, 327 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Marcos Yanniccari
- Institute of Plant Physiology, INFIVE (Universidad Nacional de La Plata – Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), Diagonal 113 N°495, 327 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Marek Zivcak
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak Agricultural University, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovak Republic
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LEE TC, HSU BD. Characterization of the decline and recovery of heat-treated Scenedesmus vacuolatus. BOTANICAL STUDIES 2013; 54:3. [PMID: 28510847 PMCID: PMC5383920 DOI: 10.1186/1999-3110-54-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2012] [Accepted: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To find out how algal cells cope with and recover from heat stress, the small vegetative cells of the synchronous Scenedesmus vacuolatus culture were subjected to a heat pretreatment (46.5°C for 1 h) followed by dark recultivation. The changes in physiological activities and morphology of Scenedesmus cells were continuously monitored throughout the course of decline and recovery. RESULTS It was found that the heat treatment, though completely inhibited photosynthesis, did not kill Scenedesmus cells. These cells, during dark recultivation, could make a fast repair and regained the ability of proliferation. We suggest that they entered a 'stand-by' state, which was characterized by condensed chromatin, partially functional but morphologically altered chloroplasts, disappeared vacuoles, slightly shrunk protoplast and intact plasma membranes. These stressed cells, on the surface, seemingly were undergoing some kind of disintegration, could readily and quickly return to normal cells upon illumination. Cell death occurred only after a long period of darkness (>48 h). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the recovery of algal cells from stress damage may actually proceed in two steps. The middle "stand-by' stage normally is gone through too rapidly to be detected unless cells are kept in the dark.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzan-Chain LEE
- Department of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013 Taiwan
| | - Ban-Dar HSU
- Department of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013 Taiwan
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Baldisserotto C, Ferroni L, Pantaleoni L, Pancaldi S. Comparison of photosynthesis recovery dynamics in floating leaves of Trapa natans after inhibition by manganese or molybdenum: effects on Photosystem II. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2013; 70:387-395. [PMID: 23831948 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2013.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The aquatic plant Trapa natans L. is highly resistant to Mn and moderately resistant to Mo, mainly thanks to its ability to sequestrate the metals by chelation in the vacuole. Excess of Mn and Mo causes somewhat aspecific toxicity symptoms in plants, but the main target of their toxicity seems to be the photosynthetic process. In this work, we aimed at understanding how the effect on photosynthesis caused by Mn (130 μM, full recovery) or Mo (50 μM, partial recovery) in T. natans is linked to changes occurring in the photosynthetic apparatus, with emphasis on Photosystem II (PSII), during a 10 day treatment with these metals. The time-course of net photosynthesis, photosynthetic pigment content, amount of PSII and its peripheral antenna LHCII, and room-temperature fluorescence emission ratios F694/F680 and F700/(F685 + F695) showed that the early inhibiting effect of Mo and Mn (one day exposure) was essentially non-specific with respect to the metal, though more marked in Mo- than in Mn-treated plants. During the subsequent recovery phase, Mo still impaired PSII assembly and, consequently, photosynthesis could not reach the control values. Conversely, in Mn-treated plants the amount of PSII was fully re-established, as was photosynthesis, but the metal induced the accumulation of LHCII. The extent of inhibition and the effectiveness of photosynthesis recovery are proposed to reflect the different ability of T. natans to sequestrate safely excess Mn or Mo in vacuoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Costanza Baldisserotto
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Ferrara, C.so Ercole I d'Este 32, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
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Giovanardi M, Ferroni L, Baldisserotto C, Tedeschi P, Maietti A, Pantaleoni L, Pancaldi S. Morphophysiological analyses of Neochloris oleoabundans (Chlorophyta) grown mixotrophically in a carbon-rich waste product. PROTOPLASMA 2013; 250:161-74. [PMID: 22373639 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-012-0390-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2011] [Accepted: 02/15/2012] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Neochloris oleoabundans is considered one of the most promising oil-rich microalgae because of its ability to store lipids under nitrogen starvation. However, high biomass densities, required for applications on medium to large scale, are not reached in this condition of growth. As previous studies on other microalgae have shown that mixotrophy allows to obtain higher biomass in comparison to autotrophic cultures, we performed morphophysiological analyses in order to test the mixotrophic growth capability of N. oleoabundans. A carbon-rich manure derived from the apple vinegar production (AWP) was added to the medium. Cells were also cultivated under nutrient starvation (tap water), to observe the expected lipids accumulation, and combining AWP to water, to test the potential of this waste in a low-cost culture system. The results highlighted that AWP in the medium allowed to obtain the highest final cell density. Moreover, starch granules were stored inside chloroplast at the beginning of the experiment. The presence of AWP did not induce variations on light harvesting complex II (LHCII)-photosystem II (PSII) assembly, even if an interesting promotion of pigment synthesis in cells was observed. On the other hand, in starved cells, chloroplast degeneration, pigment content decrease, altered LHCII-PSII assembly and accumulation of high amount of lipid globules were observed, irrespective of the presence of AWP. The results suggest that mixotrophy promotes growth in N. oleoabundans and open up the possibility of using waste products from agri-food industries for this purpose. After growth, cells could be transferred under nutrient starvation to induce lipid accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Giovanardi
- Department of Biology and Evolution, University of Ferrara, C.so Ercole I d'Este, 32, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
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Ferroni L, Pantaleoni L, Baldisserotto C, Aro EM, Pancaldi S. Low photosynthetic activity is linked to changes in the organization of photosystem II in the fruit of Arum italicum. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2013; 63:140-150. [PMID: 23262182 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2012.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2012] [Accepted: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The low photosynthetic activity of fleshy green fruits is currently attributed to their special anatomy rather than to a down-regulation of photosystem II (PSII). However, it is unclear whether the organization of PSII, which is highly conserved in leaves, is also shared by non-foliar structures, such as fleshy fruits. To obtain new information on this aspect, the photosynthetic activity and the organization of PSII were investigated in the berry of Arum italicum Miller during maturation (ivory to green) and early ripening (green to yellow). The berry developed an "internal CO(2) recycling" photosynthesis; gross photosynthesis at the green stage was 25% of the leaf lamina. SDS-PAGE, BN-PAGE and 77 K spectrofluorimetry showed that the thylakoid membrane accumulated a very high amount of free LHCII trimers and only few PSII and PSI complexes. The pattern of PSII forms was similar to that of the lamina (monomers, dimers, LHCII-PSII supercomplexes), but increase in CP43-less PSII cores and low F695/F680 fluorescence ratio at room temperature indicated that PSII was less stable than in the leaf lamina. Beside effective PSII photoprotection, we propose that LHCII serves as a temporary storage of chlorophylls to provide a visual signal that fruit is not mature for seed dispersal. We conclude that the low photosynthetic activity of A. italicum berry depends on the scantiness of reaction centres and the reduced functionality of PSII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Ferroni
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Ferrara, C.so Ercole I d'Este 32, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
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Ferroni L, Baldisserotto C, Giovanardi M, Pantaleoni L, Morosinotto T, Pancaldi S. Revised assignment of room-temperature chlorophyll fluorescence emission bands in single living cells of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2011; 43:163-73. [PMID: 21336619 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-011-9343-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2010] [Accepted: 01/08/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Room temperature (RT) microspectrofluorimetry in vivo of single cells has a great potential in photosynthesis studies. In order to get new information on RT chlorophyll fluorescence bands, we analyzed the spectra of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii mutants lacking fundamental proteins of the thylakoid membrane and spectra of photoinhibited WT cells. RT spectra of single living cells were characterized thorough derivative analyses and Gaussian deconvolution. The results obtained suggest that the dynamism in LHCII assembly could be sufficient to explain the variations in amplitudes of F680 (free LHCII), F694 (LHCII-PSII) and F702 (LHCII aggregates); F686 was assigned to the PSII core. Based on the revised assignments and on the variations observed, we discuss the meaning of the two fluorescence emission ratios F680/(F686 + F694) and F702/(F686 + F694), showing that these are sensitive parameters under moderate photoinhibition. In the most photoinhibited samples, the RT spectra tended to degenerate, showing characteristics of mutants that are partly depleted in PSII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Ferroni
- Laboratory of Plant Cytophysiology, Department of Biology and Evolution, University of Ferrara, Italy
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Baldisserotto C, Ferroni L, Zanzi C, Marchesini R, Pagnoni A, Pancaldi S. Morpho-physiological and biochemical responses in the floating lamina of Trapa natans exposed to molybdenum. PROTOPLASMA 2010; 240:83-97. [PMID: 20012756 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-009-0094-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2009] [Accepted: 11/20/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The response to molybdenum (Mo) was studied in the metal-tolerant hydrophyte Trapa natans L. Previously, it was shown that the plant accumulates Mn in the floating lamina by means of phenolic compounds and responded with acclimation responses of the chloroplast. Since the involvement of phenolics has been proposed also in Mo resistance, we tested the response of T. natans to increasing doses (5, 50, 150, 600 microM) of Mo using the photosynthetic apparatus as an indicator of cellular stress. Only 5 microM Mo did not cause evident modifications with respect to controls. Conversely, 50 to 600 microM Mo induced progressively marked alterations of the lamina morphology. The chloroplast ultrastructure showed disorganisation of the thylakoid system, and correspondingly, the photosynthetic pigment pattern was altered with a fall-down in photosynthesis. Microspectrofluorimetry indicated alterations of photosystem II, with differences among the three cell layers (first and second palisade and spongy tissues). While the highest dose caused plant death, 50 and 150 microM Mo-treated plants underwent partial recovery, and the plant survived up to the end of the vegetative season. However, reproduction was unsuccessful. Mo treatment did not induce increase in total phenolics, but only in anthocyanin. In contrast to Mn, detoxification of Mo by chelation inside vacuoles, possibly by anthocyanins, is suggested to be an insufficient mechanism to reduce Mo toxicity, which probably includes an impairment of nitrogen metabolism. However, the metal was accumulated in the lamina. On the whole, T. natans showed limited capabilities to survive Mo excess as compared with Mn.
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Pantaleoni L, Ferroni L, Baldisserotto C, Aro EM, Pancaldi S. Photosystem II organisation in chloroplasts of Arum italicum leaf depends on tissue location. PLANTA 2009; 230:1019-1031. [PMID: 19705147 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-009-1004-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2009] [Accepted: 08/05/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The growth of plants under stable light quality induces long-term acclimation responses of the photosynthetic apparatus. Light can even cause variations depending on the tissue location, as in Arum italicum leaf, where chloroplasts are developed in the lamina and in the entire thickness of the petiole. We addressed the question whether differences in plastids can be characterised in terms of protein-protein interactions in the thylakoid membranes. Thylakoid assembly was studied in the palisade and spongy tissue of the lamina and in the outer parenchyma and inner aerenchyma of the petiole of the mature winter leaf of Arum italicum. The chlorophyll-protein complexes were analysed by means of blue-native-PAGE and fluorescence emission spectra. The petiole chloroplasts differ from those in the lamina in thylakoid composition: (1) reaction centres are scarce, especially photosystem (PS) I in the inner aerenchyma; (2) light-harvesting complex (LHC) II is abundant, (3) the relative amount of LHCII trimers increases, but this is not accompanied by increased levels of PSII-LHCII supercomplexes. Nevertheless, the intrinsic PSII functionality is comparable in all tissues. In Arum italicum leaf, the gradient in thylakoid organisation, which occurs from the palisade tissue to the inner aerenchyma of the petiole, is typical for photosynthetic acclimation to low-light intensity with a high enrichment of far-red light. The results obtained demonstrate a high plasticity of chloroplasts even in an individual plant. The mutual interaction of thylakoid protein complexes is discussed in relation to the photosynthetic efficiency of the leaf parts and to the ecodevelopmental role of light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Pantaleoni
- Department of Biology and Evolution, University of Ferrara, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
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