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Zavaliev R, Dong X. NPR1, a key immune regulator for plant survival under biotic and abiotic stresses. Mol Cell 2024; 84:131-141. [PMID: 38103555 PMCID: PMC10929286 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2023.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Nonexpressor of pathogenesis-related genes 1 (NPR1) was discovered in Arabidopsis as an activator of salicylic acid (SA)-mediated immune responses nearly 30 years ago. How NPR1 confers resistance against a variety of pathogens and stresses has been extensively studied; however, only in recent years have the underlying molecular mechanisms been uncovered, particularly NPR1's role in SA-mediated transcriptional reprogramming, stress protein homeostasis, and cell survival. Structural analyses ultimately defined NPR1 and its paralogs as SA receptors. The SA-bound NPR1 dimer induces transcription by bridging two TGA transcription factor dimers, forming an enhanceosome. Moreover, NPR1 orchestrates its multiple functions through the formation of distinct nuclear and cytoplasmic biomolecular condensates. Furthermore, NPR1 plays a central role in plant health by regulating the crosstalk between SA and other defense and growth hormones. In this review, we focus on these recent advances and discuss how NPR1 can be utilized to engineer resistance against biotic and abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul Zavaliev
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
| | - Xinnian Dong
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
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Chen J, Zhang J, Kong M, Freeman A, Chen H, Liu F. More stories to tell: NONEXPRESSOR OF PATHOGENESIS-RELATED GENES1, a salicylic acid receptor. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:1716-1727. [PMID: 33495996 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Salicylic acid (SA) plays pivotal role in plant defense against biotrophic and hemibiotrophic pathogens. Tremendous progress has been made in the field of SA biosynthesis and SA signaling pathways over the past three decades. Among the key immune players in SA signaling pathway, NONEXPRESSOR OF PATHOGENESIS-RELATED GENES1 (NPR1) functions as a master regulator of SA-mediated plant defense. The function of NPR1 as an SA receptor has been controversial; however, after years of arguments among several laboratories, NPR1 has finally been proven as one of the SA receptors. The function of NPR1 is strictly regulated via post-translational modifications and transcriptional regulation that were recently found. More recent advances in NPR1 biology, including novel functions of NPR1 and the structure of SA receptor proteins, have brought this field forward immensely. Therefore, based on these recent discoveries, this review acts to provide a full picture of how NPR1 functions in plant immunity and how NPR1 gene and NPR1 protein are regulated at multiple levels. Finally, we also discuss potential challenges in future studies of SA signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Chen
- International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jingyi Zhang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Mengmeng Kong
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Lab of Biocontrol & Bacterial Molecular Biology, Nanjing, China
| | - Andrew Freeman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Huan Chen
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Fengquan Liu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
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Zhang Y, Zhang L, Ma H, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Ji M, van Nocker S, Ahmad B, Zhao Z, Wang X, Gao H. Overexpression of the Apple ( Malus × domestica) MdERF100 in Arabidopsis Increases Resistance to Powdery Mildew. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115713. [PMID: 34071930 PMCID: PMC8197995 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
APETALA2/ETHYLENE RESPONSIVE FACTOR (AP2/ERF) transcription factors play important roles in plant development and stress response. Although AP2/ERF genes have been extensively investigated in model plants such as Arabidopsis thaliana, little is known about their role in biotic stress response in perennial fruit tree crops such as apple (Malus × domestica). Here, we investigated the role of MdERF100 in powdery mildew resistance in apple. MdERF100 localized to the nucleus but showed no transcriptional activation activity. The heterologous expression of MdERF100 in Arabidopsis not only enhanced powdery mildew resistance but also increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and cell death. Furthermore, MdERF100-overexpressing Arabidopsis plants exhibited differential expressions of genes involved in jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) signaling when infected with the powdery mildew pathogen. Additionally, yeast two-hybrid and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays confirmed that MdERF100 physically interacts with the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) protein MdbHLH92. These results suggest that MdERF100 mediates powdery mildew resistance by regulating the JA and SA signaling pathways, and MdbHLH92 is involved in plant defense against powdery mildew. Overall, this study enhances our understanding of the role of MdERF genes in disease resistance, and provides novel insights into the molecular mechanisms of powdery mildew resistance in apple.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (Y.Z.); (L.Z.); (H.M.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (M.J.); (B.A.); (Z.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (Y.Z.); (L.Z.); (H.M.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (M.J.); (B.A.); (Z.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Hai Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (Y.Z.); (L.Z.); (H.M.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (M.J.); (B.A.); (Z.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Yichu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (Y.Z.); (L.Z.); (H.M.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (M.J.); (B.A.); (Z.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Xiuming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (Y.Z.); (L.Z.); (H.M.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (M.J.); (B.A.); (Z.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Miaomiao Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (Y.Z.); (L.Z.); (H.M.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (M.J.); (B.A.); (Z.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Steve van Nocker
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
| | - Bilal Ahmad
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (Y.Z.); (L.Z.); (H.M.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (M.J.); (B.A.); (Z.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Zhengyang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (Y.Z.); (L.Z.); (H.M.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (M.J.); (B.A.); (Z.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Xiping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (Y.Z.); (L.Z.); (H.M.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (M.J.); (B.A.); (Z.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
- Correspondence: (X.W.); (H.G.); Tel.: +86-29-87082129 (X.W.); +86-29-87082613 (H.G.)
| | - Hua Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (Y.Z.); (L.Z.); (H.M.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (M.J.); (B.A.); (Z.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
- Correspondence: (X.W.); (H.G.); Tel.: +86-29-87082129 (X.W.); +86-29-87082613 (H.G.)
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Liu X, Ao K, Yao J, Zhang Y, Li X. Engineering plant disease resistance against biotrophic pathogens. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 60:101987. [PMID: 33434797 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2020.101987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Breeding for disease resistance against microbial pathogens is essential for food security in modern agriculture. Conventional breeding, although widely accepted, is time consuming. An alternative approach is generating crop plants with desirable traits through genetic engineering. The collective efforts of many labs in the past 30 years have led to a comprehensive understanding of how plant immunity is achieved, enabling the application of genetic engineering to enhance disease resistance in crop plants. Here, we briefly review the engineering of disease resistance against biotrophic pathogens using various components of the plant immune system. Recent breakthroughs in immune receptors signaling and systemic acquired resistance (SAR), along with innovations in precise gene editing methods, provide exciting new opportunities for the development of improved environmentally friendly crop varieties that are disease resistant and high-yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueru Liu
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Rm 301, 2185 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Rm 3156, 6270 University Blvd, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Kevin Ao
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Rm 301, 2185 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Rm 3156, 6270 University Blvd, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Jia Yao
- College of Life Science, Chongqing University, 55 University Town South Road, Shapingba District, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuelin Zhang
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Rm 3156, 6270 University Blvd, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Xin Li
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Rm 301, 2185 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Rm 3156, 6270 University Blvd, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
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Zhang C, Wei L, Wang W, Qi W, Cao Z, Li H, Bao M, He Y. Identification, characterization and functional analysis of AGAMOUS subfamily genes associated with floral organs and seed development in Marigold (Tagetes erecta). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:439. [PMID: 32967618 PMCID: PMC7510299 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02644-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AGAMOUS (AG) subfamily genes regulate the floral organs initiation and development, fruit and seed development. At present, there has been insufficient study of the function of AG subfamily genes in Asteraceae. Marigold (Tagetes erecta) belongs to Asteraceae family whose unique inflorescence structure makes it an important research target for understanding floral organ development in plants. RESULTS Four AG subfamily genes of marigold were isolated and phylogenetically grouped into class C (TeAG1 and TeAG2) and class D (TeAGL11-1 and TeAGL11-2) genes. Expression profile analysis demonstrated that these four genes were highly expressed in reproductive organs of marigold. Subcellular localization analysis suggested that all these four proteins were located in the nucleus. Protein-protein interactions analysis indicated that class C proteins had a wider interaction manner than class D proteins. Function analysis of ectopic expression in Arabidopsis thaliana revealed that TeAG1 displayed a C function specifying the stamen identity and carpel identity, and that TeAGL11-1 exhibited a D function regulating seed development and petal development. In addition, overexpression of both TeAG1 and TeAGL11-1 leaded to curling rosette leaf and early flowering in Arabidopsis thaliana. CONCLUSIONS This study provides an insight into molecular mechanism of AG subfamily genes in Asteraceae species and technical support for improvement of several floral traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education; College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Shizishan Street No. 1, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Ludan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education; College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Shizishan Street No. 1, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Wenjing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education; College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Shizishan Street No. 1, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Wenquan Qi
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education; College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Shizishan Street No. 1, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Zhe Cao
- Crop Development Centre/Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, S7N5A8, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Hang Li
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education; College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Shizishan Street No. 1, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Manzhu Bao
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education; College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Shizishan Street No. 1, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Yanhong He
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education; College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Shizishan Street No. 1, Wuhan, 430070 China
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Sun LM, Fang JB, Zhang M, Qi XJ, Lin MM, Chen JY. Molecular Cloning and Functional Analysis of the NPR1 Homolog in Kiwifruit ( Actinidia eriantha). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:551201. [PMID: 33042179 PMCID: PMC7524898 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.551201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Kiwifruit bacterial canker, caused by the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa), is a destructive disease in the kiwifruit industry globally. Consequently, understanding the mechanism of defense against pathogens in kiwifruit could facilitate the development of effective novel protection strategies. The Non-expressor of Pathogenesis-Related genes 1 (NPR1) is a critical component of the salicylic acid (SA)-dependent signaling pathway. Here, a novel kiwifruit NPR1-like gene, designated AeNPR1a, was isolated by using PCR and rapid amplification of cDNA ends techniques. The full-length cDNA consisted of 1952 base pairs with a 1,746-bp open-reading frame encoding a 582 amino acid protein. Homology analysis showed that the AeNPR1a protein is significantly similar to the VvNPR1 of grape. A 2.0 Kb 5'-flanking region of AeNPR1a was isolated, and sequence identification revealed the presence of several putative cis-regulatory elements, including basic elements, defense and stress response elements, and binding sites for WRKY transcription factors. Real-time quantitative PCR results demonstrated that AeNPR1a had different expression patterns in various tissues, and its transcription could be induced by phytohormone treatment and Psa inoculation. The yeast two-hybrid assay revealed that AeNPR1a interacts with AeTGA2. Constitutive expression of AeNPR1a induced the expression of pathogenesis-related gene in transgenic tobacco plants and enhanced tolerance to bacterial pathogens. In addition, AeNPR1a expression could restore basal resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (Pst) in Arabidopsis npr1-1 mutant. Our data suggest that AeNPR1a gene is likely to play a pivotal role in defense responses in kiwifruit.
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Hu Y, Zhong S, Zhang M, Liang Y, Gong G, Chang X, Tan F, Yang H, Qiu X, Luo L, Luo P. Potential Role of Photosynthesis in the Regulation of Reactive Oxygen Species and Defence Responses to Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici in Wheat. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165767. [PMID: 32796723 PMCID: PMC7460852 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Photosynthesis is not only a primary generator of reactive oxygen species (ROS) but also a component of plant defence. To determine the relationships among photosynthesis, ROS, and defence responses to powdery mildew in wheat, we compared the responses of the Pm40-expressing wheat line L658 and its susceptible sister line L958 at 0, 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h post-inoculation (hpi) with powdery mildew via analyses of transcriptomes, cytology, antioxidant activities, photosynthesis, and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters. The results showed that H2O2 accumulation in L658 was significantly greater than that in L958 at 6 and 48 hpi, and the enzymes activity and transcripts expression of peroxidase and catalase were suppressed in L658 compared with L958. In addition, the inhibition of photosynthesis in L658 paralleled the global downregulation of photosynthesis-related genes. Furthermore, the expression of the salicylic acid-related genes non-expressor of pathogenesis related genes 1 (NPR1), pathogenesis-related 1 (PR1), and pathogenesis-related 5 (PR5) was upregulated, while the expression of jasmonic acid- and ethylene-related genes was inhibited in L658 compared with L958. In conclusion, the downregulation of photosynthesis-related genes likely led to a decline in photosynthesis, which may be combined with the inhibition of peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) to generate two stages of H2O2 accumulation. The high level of H2O2, salicylic acid and PR1 and PR5 in L658 possible initiated the hypersensitive response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Hu
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China; (Y.H.); (S.Z.); (Y.L.); (G.G.); (X.C.); (F.T.); (H.Y.)
- College of Agronomy & Key Laboratory for Major Crop Diseases, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China; (X.Q.); (L.L.)
| | - Shengfu Zhong
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China; (Y.H.); (S.Z.); (Y.L.); (G.G.); (X.C.); (F.T.); (H.Y.)
| | - Min Zhang
- College of Agronomy & Key Laboratory for Major Crop Diseases, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China; (X.Q.); (L.L.)
- Correspondence: (M.Z.); (P.L.)
| | - Yinping Liang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China; (Y.H.); (S.Z.); (Y.L.); (G.G.); (X.C.); (F.T.); (H.Y.)
| | - Guoshu Gong
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China; (Y.H.); (S.Z.); (Y.L.); (G.G.); (X.C.); (F.T.); (H.Y.)
| | - Xiaoli Chang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China; (Y.H.); (S.Z.); (Y.L.); (G.G.); (X.C.); (F.T.); (H.Y.)
| | - Feiquan Tan
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China; (Y.H.); (S.Z.); (Y.L.); (G.G.); (X.C.); (F.T.); (H.Y.)
| | - Huai Yang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China; (Y.H.); (S.Z.); (Y.L.); (G.G.); (X.C.); (F.T.); (H.Y.)
| | - Xiaoyan Qiu
- College of Agronomy & Key Laboratory for Major Crop Diseases, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China; (X.Q.); (L.L.)
| | - Liya Luo
- College of Agronomy & Key Laboratory for Major Crop Diseases, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China; (X.Q.); (L.L.)
| | - Peigao Luo
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China; (Y.H.); (S.Z.); (Y.L.); (G.G.); (X.C.); (F.T.); (H.Y.)
- Correspondence: (M.Z.); (P.L.)
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Huang F, Zhang Y, Hou X. BcAP3, a MADS box gene, controls stamen development and male sterility in Pak-choi (Brassica rapa ssp. chinensis). Gene 2020; 747:144698. [PMID: 32325091 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Stamen development is an important developmental process controlled by multiple internal and external factors. Developmental abnormalities of stamens can disrupt the structure and function of anthers, and then result in male sterility. As well known, APETELA 3 (AP3) has a clear function in regulating stamen development, which may impact in male sterility. However, the mechanisms of stamen development and male sterility controlled by AP3 are still not very clear, particular in Pak-choi (Brassica rapa ssp. chinensis). In this work, BcAP3 encoded a protein containing a MADS-box domain, which was a homolog of AtAP3, was identified in Pak-choi. Sequence alignments and phylogenetic analysis indicated that BcAP3 was highly similar to AtAP3. BcAP3 was shown to be localized to the nucleus and exhibited the potential of transcription factor. The transcript of BcAP3 was only expressed in flowers of Pak-choi, indicating that it may act in flower development. Overexpression of BcAP3 in Arabidopsis resulted in developmental abnormalities of anther wall and low vigor pollen, which were associated with the phenotype of male sterility. Expression levels of NST1 and NST2, involved in secondary wall thickening in anther walls, were significantly higher in the BcAP3-transgenic plants than in control plants, suggesting that BcAP3 may affect anther wall development by regulating NST1 and NST2. Taken together, our study demonstrated that BcAP3 could play an essential role in stamen development and male sterility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiyi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement/Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yuhang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement/Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xilin Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement/Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Huang F, Liu T, Tang J, Duan W, Hou X. BcMAF2 activates BcTEM1 and represses flowering in Pak-choi (Brassica rapa ssp. chinensis). PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 100:19-32. [PMID: 31001712 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-019-00867-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BcMAF2 plays a key role in flowering regulation by controlling BcTEM1, BcSOC1 and BCSPL15 in Pak-choi. Flowering is a key event in the life cycle of plants. Flowering time shows an extensive variation from different Pak-choi (Brassica rapa ssp. chinensis) cultivars. However, the regulation mechanism of flowering in Pak-choi remains rarely known. In this study, a systematic identification and functional analysis of a Pak-choi MADS Affecting Flowering (MAF) gene, BcMAF2, was carried out. BcMAF2 encoded a protein containing a conserved MADS-box domain, which was localized in the nucleus. QPCR analysis indicated that the expression of BcMAF2 was higher in the leaves and flowers. Overexpression of BcMAF2 in Arabidopsis showed that BcMAF2 repressed flowering, which was further confirmed by silencing endogenous BcMAF2 in Pak-choi. In addition, Tempranillo 1 (TEM1) expression was up-regulated and MAF2 expression was down-regulated in the BcMAF2-overexpressing Arabidopsis. The expression of BcMAF2 and BcTEM1 was down-regulated in BcMAF2-silencing Pak-choi plants. The yeast one-hybrid, dual luciferase and qPCR results revealed that BcMAF2 protein could directly bind to BcTEM1 promoter and activate its expression, which was not reported in Arabidopsis. Meanwhile, a self-inhibition was found in BcMAF2. Taken together, this work suggested that BcMAF2 could repress flowering by directly activating BcTEM1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiyi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement/Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Tongkun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement/Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jun Tang
- Institute of Vegetable Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Weike Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement/Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xilin Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement/Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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10
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Backer R, Naidoo S, van den Berg N. The NONEXPRESSOR OF PATHOGENESIS-RELATED GENES 1 (NPR1) and Related Family: Mechanistic Insights in Plant Disease Resistance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:102. [PMID: 30815005 PMCID: PMC6381062 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The NONEXPRESSOR OF PATHOGENESIS-RELATED GENES 1 (NPR1) and related NPR1-like proteins are a functionally similar, yet surprisingly diverse family of transcription co-factors. Initially, NPR1 in Arabidopsis was identified as a positive regulator of systemic acquired resistance (SAR), paralogs NPR3 and NPR4 were later shown to be negative SAR regulators. The mechanisms involved have been the subject of extensive research and debate over the years, during which time a lot has been uncovered. The known roles of this protein family have extended to include influences over a broad range of systems including circadian rhythm, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) resident proteins and the development of lateral organs. Recently, important advances have been made in understanding the regulatory relationship between members of the NPR1-like protein family, providing new insight regarding their interactions, both with each other and other defense-related proteins. Most importantly the influence of salicylic acid (SA) on these interactions has become clearer with NPR1, NPR3, and NPR4 being considered bone fide SA receptors. Additionally, post-translational modification of NPR1 has garnered attention during the past years, adding to the growing regulatory complexity of this protein. Furthermore, growing interest in NPR1 overexpressing crops has provided new insights regarding the role of NPR1 in both biotic and abiotic stresses in several plant species. Given the wealth of information, this review aims to highlight and consolidate the most relevant and influential research in the field to date. In so doing, we attempt to provide insight into the mechanisms and interactions which underly the roles of the NPR1-like proteins in plant disease responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Backer
- Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Sanushka Naidoo
- Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Noëlani van den Berg
- Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- *Correspondence: Noëlani van den Berg,
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11
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Wang J, Huang F, You X, Hou X. Identification and Functional Characterization of a Cold-Related Protein, BcHHP5, in Pak-Choi ( Brassica rapa ssp. chinensis). Int J Mol Sci 2018; 20:E93. [PMID: 30587842 PMCID: PMC6337265 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20010093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In plants, heptahelical proteins (HHPs) have been shown to respond to a variety of abiotic stresses, including cold stress. Up to the present, the regulation mechanism of HHP5 under low temperature stress remains unclear. In this study, BcHHP5 was isolated from Pak-choi (Brassica rapa ssp. chinensis cv. Suzhouqing). Sequence analysis and phylogenetic analysis indicated that BcHHP5 in Pak-choi is similar to AtHHP5 in Arabidopsis thaliana. Structure analysis showed that the structure of the BcHHP5 protein is relatively stable and highly conservative. Subcellular localization indicated that BcHHP5 was localized on the cell membrane and nuclear membrane. Furthermore, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analysis showed that BcHHP5 was induced to express by cold and other abiotic stresses. In Pak-choi, BcHHP5-silenced assay, inhibiting the action of endogenous BcHHP5, indicated that BcHHP5-silenced might have a negative effect on cold tolerance, which was further confirmed. All of these results indicate that BcHHP5 might play a role in abiotic response. This work can serve as a reference for the functional analysis of other cold-related proteins from Pak-choi in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement/Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, Ministry of Agriculture/Engineering Research Center of Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Feiyi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement/Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, Ministry of Agriculture/Engineering Research Center of Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Xiong You
- College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Xilin Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement/Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, Ministry of Agriculture/Engineering Research Center of Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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12
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Huang F, Liu T, Wang J, Hou X. Isolation and functional characterization of a floral repressor, BcFLC2, from Pak-choi (Brassica rapa ssp. chinensis). PLANTA 2018; 248:423-435. [PMID: 29761290 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-018-2891-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BcFLC2 functioned as a repressor of flowering by directly regulating BcTEM1, BcMAF2, BcSOC1 and BcSPL15 in Pak-choi. FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) plays an important role in regulating flowering time. Here, we functionally described an FLC homologous gene, BcFLC2, that negatively regulated flowering in Pak-choi (Brassica rapa ssp. chinensis). The sequence comparison to Arabidopsis FLC showed that BcFLC2 also had a MADS-box domain at the N terminus. BcFLC2 was highly expressed in the leaves, roots, stems and stamens, and its expression was repressed by vernalization in Pak-choi. Interestingly, BcFLC2 expression exhibited a small peak at 2 weeks of vernalization treatment, suggesting that BcFLC2 may be involved in preventing premature flowering under short-term cold exposure in Pak-choi, which is different from the AtFLC expression pattern. Overexpression of BcFLC2 in Arabidopsis caused late flowering, while silencing of BcFLC2 in Pak-choi caused early flowering. BcFLC2 localized to the cell nucleus and functioned as a transcription factor. Yeast one-hybrid analysis revealed that BcFLC2 could bind to the promoters of Pak-choi Tempranillo 1 (BcTEM1), SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS 1 (BcSOC1), SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE 15 (BcSPL15) and MADS AFFECTING FLOWERING 2 (BcMAF2). Taken together, the present results suggested that BcFLC2 played a key role in flowering regulation as a negative regulator by controlling BcTEM1, BcMAF2, BcSOC1 and BcSPL15 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiyi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement/Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Tongkun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement/Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement/Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xilin Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement/Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Zhang JY, Pan DL, Jia ZH, Wang T, Wang G, Guo ZR. Chlorophyll, carotenoid and vitamin C metabolism regulation in Actinidia chinensis 'Hongyang' outer pericarp during fruit development. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0194835. [PMID: 29579114 PMCID: PMC5868826 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ascorbic acid (AsA), chlorophyll and carotenoid contents and their associated gene expression patterns were analysed in Actinidia chinensis 'Hongyang' outer pericarp. The results showed chlorophyll degradation during fruit development and softening, exposed the yellow carotenoid pigments. LHCB1 and CLS1 gene expressions were decreased, while PPH2 and PPH3 gene expressions were increased, indicating that downregulation of chlorophyll biosynthesis and upregulation of its degradation, caused chlorophyll degradation. A decrease in the expression of the late carotenoid biosynthesis and maintenance genes (LCYB1, LCYE1, CYP1, CYP2, ZEP1, VDE1, VDE2, and NCED2) and degradation gene (CCD1), showed biosynthesis and degradation of carotenoid could be regulatory factors involved in fruit development. Most genes expression data of L-galactose and recycling pathway were agreement with the AsA concentrations in the fruit, suggesting these are the predominant pathways of AsA biosynthesis. GMP1, GME1 and GGP1 were identified as the key genes controlling AsA biosynthesis in 'Hongyang' outer pericarp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Yu Zhang
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
- * E-mail: (JYZ); (ZRG)
| | - De-Lin Pan
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Zhan-Hui Jia
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Zhong-Ren Guo
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
- * E-mail: (JYZ); (ZRG)
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Huang F, Liu T, Hou X. Isolation and Functional Characterization of a Floral Repressor, BcMAF1, From Pak-choi ( Brassica rapa ssp. Chinensis). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:290. [PMID: 29559991 PMCID: PMC5845726 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
MADS-box genes form a large gene family in plants and are involved in multiple biological processes, such as flowering. However, the regulation mechanism of MADS-box genes in flowering remains unresolved, especially under short-term cold conditions. In the present study, we isolated BcMAF1, a Pak-choi (Brassica rapa ssp. Chinensis) MADS AFFECTING FLOWERING (MAF), as a floral repressor and functionally characterized BcMAF1 in Arabidopsis and Pak-choi. Subcellular localization and sequence analysis indicated that BcMAF1 was a nuclear protein and contained a conserved MADS-box domain. Expression analysis revealed that BcMAF1 had higher expression levels in leaves, stems, and petals, and could be induced by short-term cold conditions in Pak-choi. Overexpressing BcMAF1 in Arabidopsis showed that BcMAF1 had a negative function in regulating flowering, which was further confirmed by silencing endogenous BcMAF1 in Pak-choi. In addition, qPCR results showed that AtAP3 expression was reduced and AtMAF2 expression was induced in BcMAF1-overexpressing Arabidopsis. Meanwhile, BcAP3 transcript was up-regulated and BcMAF2 transcript was down-regulated in BcMAF1-silencing Pak-choi. Yeast one-hybrid and dual luciferase transient assays showed that BcMAF1 could bind to the promoters of BcAP3 and BcMAF2. These results indicated that BcAP3 and BcMAF2 might be the targets of BcMAF1. Taken together, our results suggested that BcMAF1 could negatively regulate flowering by directly activating BcMAF2 and repressing BcAP3.
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15
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Silva KJP, Mahna N, Mou Z, Folta KM. NPR1 as a transgenic crop protection strategy in horticultural species. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2018; 5:15. [PMID: 29581883 PMCID: PMC5862871 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-018-0026-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The NPR1 (NONEXPRESSOR OF PATHOGENESIS RELATED GENES1) gene has a central role in the long-lasting, broad-spectrum defense response known as systemic acquired resistance (SAR). When overexpressed in a transgenic context in Arabidopsis thaliana, this gene enhances resistance to a number of biotic and abiotic stresses. Its position as a key regulator of defense across diverse plant species makes NPR1 a strong candidate gene for genetic engineering disease and stress tolerance into other crops. High-value horticultural crops face many new challenges from pests and pathogens, and their emergence exceeds the pace of traditional breeding, making the application of NPR1-based strategies potentially useful in fruit and vegetable crops. However, plants overexpressing NPR1 occasionally present detrimental morphological traits that make its application less attractive. The practical utility of NPR-based approaches will be a balance of resistance gains versus other losses. In this review, we summarize the progress on the understanding of NPR1-centered applications in horticultural and other crop plants. We also discuss the effect of the ectopic expression of the A. thaliana NPR1 gene and its orthologs in crop plants and outline the future challenges of using NPR1 in agricultural applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nasser Mahna
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zhonglin Mou
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA
- Graduate Program in Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA
| | - Kevin M. Folta
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA
- Graduate Program in Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA
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Mou S, Liu Z, Gao F, Yang S, Su M, Shen L, Wu Y, He S. CaHDZ27, a Homeodomain-Leucine Zipper I Protein, Positively Regulates the Resistance to Ralstonia solanacearum Infection in Pepper. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2017; 30:960-973. [PMID: 28840788 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-06-17-0130-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Homeodomain-leucine zipper class I (HD-Zip I) transcription factors have been functionally characterized in plant responses to abiotic stresses, but their roles in plant immunity are poorly understood. Here, a HD-Zip I gene, CaHZ27, was isolated from pepper (Capsicum annum) and characterized for its role in pepper immunity. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction showed that CaHDZ27 was transcriptionally induced by Ralstonia solanacearum inoculation and exogenous application of methyl jasmonate, salicylic acid, or ethephon. The CaHDZ27-green fluorescent protein fused protein was targeted exclusively to the nucleus. Chromatin immunoprecipitation demonstrated that CaHDZ27 bound to the 9-bp pseudopalindromic element (CAATAATTG) and triggered β-glucuronidase expression in a CAATAATTG-dependent manner. Virus-induced gene silencing of CaHDZ27 significantly attenuated the resistance of pepper plants against R. solanacearum and downregulated defense-related marker genes, including CaHIR1, CaACO1, CaPR1, CaPR4, CaPO2, and CaBPR1. By contrast, transient overexpression of CaHDZ27 triggered strong cell death mediated by the hypersensitive response and upregulated the tested immunity-associated marker genes. Ectopic CaHDZ27 expression in tobacco enhances its resistance against R. solanacearum. These results collectively suggest that CaHDZ27 functions as a positive regulator in pepper resistance against R. solanacearum. Bimolecular fluorescence complementation and coimmunoprecipitation assays indicate that CaHDZ27 monomers bind with each other, and this binding is enhanced significantly by R. solanacearum inoculation. We speculate that homodimerization of CaHZ27 might play a role in pepper response to R. solanacearum, further direct evidence is required to confirm it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoliang Mou
- 1 National Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
- 2 College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University
| | - Zhiqin Liu
- 1 National Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
- 3 College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University; and
| | - Feng Gao
- 1 National Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
- 2 College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University
| | - Sheng Yang
- 1 National Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
- 3 College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University; and
| | - Meixia Su
- 2 College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University
| | - Lei Shen
- 1 National Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
- 3 College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University; and
| | - Yang Wu
- 4 College of Life Science, Jinggang Shan University, Ji'an, Jiangxi 343000, PR China
| | - Shuilin He
- 1 National Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
- 3 College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University; and
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17
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Wang L, Guo Z, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Yang G, Yang L, Wang L, Wang R, Xie Z. Overexpression of LhSorNPR1, a NPR1-like gene from the oriental hybrid lily 'Sorbonne', conferred enhanced resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 in Arabidopsis. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 23:793-808. [PMID: 29158629 PMCID: PMC5671448 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-017-0466-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The non-expressor of the pathogenesis-related genes 1 (NPR1) is a master regulator in defense signaling of plants and plays a key role in basal and systemic acquired resistance. In this study, we isolated a NPR1-like gene from the oriental hybrid lily 'Sorbonne' (designated as LhSorNPR1) using rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). The open reading frame of LhSorNPR1 consisted of 1854 bp, encoding a protein of 617 amino acids. Multiple sequence alignment revealed that LhSorNPR1 shares high similarity to NPR1-like proteins and characteristics of the BTB/POZ domain and ankyrin repeats. A comparison between the intron/exon organization of LhSorNPR1 and orthologs from other plant species demonstrated that NPR1 genomic fragments (including LhSorNPR1) are all composed of 4 exons and 3 introns. We also identified sequence motifs involved in hormone response and binding sites for RAV1 proteins and WRKY transcription factors through the prediction of cis-regulatory elements in the LhSorNPR1 promoter. Our gene expression analysis showed that LhSorNPR1 transcript levels significantly differed in various tissues, and that LhSorNPR1 expressions were induced by sodium salicylate, ethephon, and methyl jasmonate. Furthermore, we transformed LhSorNPR1 into Col-0 wild-type Arabidopsis to conduct function analysis, and we observed enhanced resistance to the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 in the Arabidopsis expressing LhSorNPR1 gene. The enhanced disease resistance of LhSorNPR1 expressing plants could correlate to elevated expression levels in pathogenesis-related genes (PR1, PR2, and PR5) in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Wang
- Gaolan Station of Agricultural and Ecological Experiment, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Zhihong Guo
- Gaolan Station of Agricultural and Ecological Experiment, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000 China
| | - Yubao Zhang
- Gaolan Station of Agricultural and Ecological Experiment, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000 China
| | - Yajun Wang
- Gaolan Station of Agricultural and Ecological Experiment, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000 China
| | - Guo Yang
- Gaolan Station of Agricultural and Ecological Experiment, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000 China
| | - Liu Yang
- Gaolan Station of Agricultural and Ecological Experiment, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Li Wang
- Forest Tree Seedling Station of Alashan League, Alashan League, 750300 China
| | - Ruoyu Wang
- Gaolan Station of Agricultural and Ecological Experiment, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000 China
| | - Zhongkui Xie
- Gaolan Station of Agricultural and Ecological Experiment, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000 China
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Fan S, Dong L, Han D, Zhang F, Wu J, Jiang L, Cheng Q, Li R, Lu W, Meng F, Zhang S, Xu P. GmWRKY31 and GmHDL56 Enhances Resistance to Phytophthora sojae by Regulating Defense-Related Gene Expression in Soybean. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:781. [PMID: 28553307 PMCID: PMC5427154 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Phytophthora root and stem rot of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] caused by the oomycete Phytophthora sojae, is a destructive disease worldwide. The molecular mechanism of the soybean response to P. sojae is largely unclear. We report a novel WRKY transcription factor (TF) in soybean, GmWRKY31, in the host response to P. sojae. Overexpression and RNA interference analysis demonstrated that GmWRKY31 enhanced resistance to P. sojae in transgenic soybean plants. GmWRKY31 was targeted to the nucleus, where it bound to the W-box and acted as an activator of gene transcription. Moreover, we determined that GmWRKY31 physically interacted with GmHDL56, which improved resistance to P. sojae in transgenic soybean roots. GmWRKY31 and GmHDL56 shared a common target GmNPR1 which was induced by P. sojae. Overexpression and RNA interference analysis demonstrated that GmNPR1 enhanced resistance to P. sojae in transgenic soybean plants. Several pathogenesis-related (PR) genes were constitutively activated, including GmPR1a, GmPR2, GmPR3, GmPR4, GmPR5a, and GmPR10, in soybean plants overexpressing GmNPR1 transcripts. By contrast, the induction of PR genes was compromised in transgenic GmNPR1-RNAi lines. Taken together, these findings suggested that the interaction between GmWRKY31 and GmHDL56 enhances resistance to P. sojae by regulating defense-related gene expression in soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujie Fan
- Soybean Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin, China
- Center for Plant Biotechnology, College of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural UniversityChangchun, China
| | - Lidong Dong
- Soybean Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin, China
| | - Dan Han
- Soybean Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbin, China
| | - Junjiang Wu
- Soybean Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Soybean Cultivation of Ministry of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesHarbin, China
| | - Liangyu Jiang
- Soybean Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin, China
- Center for Plant Biotechnology, College of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural UniversityChangchun, China
| | - Qun Cheng
- Soybean Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin, China
| | - Rongpeng Li
- Soybean Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin, China
| | - Wencheng Lu
- Heihe Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesHeihe, China
| | - Fanshan Meng
- Soybean Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin, China
| | - Shuzhen Zhang
- Soybean Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin, China
| | - Pengfei Xu
- Soybean Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin, China
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Zheng H, Yu X, Yuan Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Zhang J, Zhang M, Ji C, Liu Q, Tao J. The VviMYB80 Gene is Abnormally Expressed in Vitis vinifera L. cv. 'Zhong Shan Hong' and its Expression in Tobacco Driven by the 35S Promoter Causes Male Sterility. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 57:540-57. [PMID: 26858283 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcw011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Anther development is a very precise and complicated process. In Arabidopsis, the AtMYB80 transcription factor regulates genes involved in pollen development and controls the timing of tapetal programmed cell death (PCD). In this study, we isolated and characterized cDNA for VviMYB80 expressed in flower buds of male-sterile Vitis vinifera L. cv. 'Zhong Shan Hong', a late-maturing cultivar derived from self-progeny of cv. 'Wink'. VviMYB80 belongs to the MYB80 subfamily and clusters with AtMYB35/TDF1 in a distinct clade. We found that in flower buds, expression of the VviMYB80 gene in cv. 'Zhong Shan Hong' sharply increased at the tetrad stage, resulting in a higher and earlier transcript level than that found in cv. 'Wink'. Expression of the VviMYB80 gene, driven by the 35S promoter, caused pleiotropic effects on the stamens, including smaller and shriveled anthers, delayed dehiscence, fewer seeds, shorter anther filaments, distorted pollen shape and a lack of cytoplasm, with the tapetum exhibiting hypertrophy in transformed tobacco. These results suggest that VviMYB80 may play an important role in stamen development and that expression of VviMYB80 driven by the 35S promoter in tobacco induces male sterility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Zheng
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095 PR China Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8657 Japan
| | - Xiaojuan Yu
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095 PR China
| | - Yue Yuan
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095 PR China
| | - Yaguang Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095 PR China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095 PR China
| | - Jiyu Zhang
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210095 PR China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8657 Japan
| | - Chenfei Ji
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095 PR China
| | - Qian Liu
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095 PR China
| | - Jianmin Tao
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095 PR China
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Zhong X, Xi L, Lian Q, Luo X, Wu Z, Seng S, Yuan X, Yi M. The NPR1 homolog GhNPR1 plays an important role in the defense response of Gladiolus hybridus. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2015; 34:1063-74. [PMID: 25708873 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-015-1765-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
GhNPR1 shares similar functions as Arabidopsis NPR1 . Silencing of GhNPR1 in Gladiolus results in an enhanced susceptibility to Curvularia gladioli. We propose that GhNPR1 plays important roles in plant immunity. Gladiolus plants and corms are susceptible to various types of pathogens including fungi, bacteria and viruses. Understanding the innate defense mechanism in Gladiolus is a prerequisite for the development of new protection strategies. The non-expressor of pathogenesis-related gene 1 (NPR1) and bzip transcription factor TGA2 play a key role in regulating salicylic acid (SA)-mediated systemic acquired resistance (SAR). In this study, the homologous genes, GhNPR1 and GhTGA2, were isolated from Gladiolus and functionally characterized. Expression of GhNPR1 exhibited a 3.8-fold increase in Gladiolus leaves following salicylic acid treatment. A 1332 bp fragment of the GhNPR1 promoter from Gladiolus hybridus was identified. Inducibility of the GhNPR1 promoter by SA was demonstrated using transient expression assays in the leaves of Nicotiana benthamiana. The GhNPR1 protein is located in the nucleus and cytomembrane. GhNPR1 interacts with GhTGA2, as observed using the bimolecular fluorescence complementation system. Overexpression of GhNPR1 in an Arabidopsis npr1 mutant can restore its basal resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000. Silencing of GhNPR1, using a tobacco rattle virus-based silencing vector, resulted in an enhanced susceptibility to Curvularia gladioli. In conclusion, these results suggest that GhNPR1 plays a pivotal role in the SA-dependent systemic acquired resistance in Gladiolus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xionghui Zhong
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, China Agricultural University, Yuan Mingyuan Western Road 2#, Beijing, 100193, China,
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Zhang JY, Qu SC, Qiao YS, Zhang Z, Guo ZR. Overexpression of the Malus hupehensis MhNPR1 gene increased tolerance to salt and osmotic stress in transgenic tobacco. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 41:1553-61. [PMID: 24407603 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-013-3001-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Earlier, we have reported that overexpression of Malus hupehensis Non-expressor of pathogenesis related gene 1 (MhNPR1) gene in tobacco could induce the expression of pathogenesis-related genes and enhance resistance to fungus Botrytis cinerea. In this study, we showed that MhNPR1 can be induced by NaCl, PEG6000, low temperature (4 °C), abscisic acid and apple aphids' treatments in M. hupehensis. Heterogonous expression of MhNPR1 gene in tobacco conferred enhanced resistance to NaCl at the stage of seed germination, and conferred resistance to mannitol at the stage of seed germination and to PEG6000 at the stage of seedlings. Furthermore, overexpression of MhNPR1 in transgenic tobacco led to higher expression levels of osmotic-stress related genes compared with wild-type plants. This was the first report of a novel function of NPR1 that overexpression of MhNPR1 gene has a positive effect on salt and osmotic stress in tobacco, which differs from the function that overexpressing of AtNPR1 gene has a negative effect on dehydration and salt stress in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Yu Zhang
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
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Chen L, He XZ, Liu QM. Neuroendocrine mechanisms of left ventricular dysfunction stimulated by anger stress in rats with atherosclerosis-a putative role of natriuretic peptide. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2014; 7:48-54. [DOI: 10.1016/s1995-7645(13)60191-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Revised: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 12/15/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Munger A, Coenen K, Cantin L, Goulet C, Vaillancourt LP, Goulet MC, Tweddell R, Sainsbury F, Michaud D. Beneficial 'unintended effects' of a cereal cystatin in transgenic lines of potato, Solanum tuberosum. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2012; 12:198. [PMID: 23116303 PMCID: PMC3534561 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-12-198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2012] [Accepted: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies reported unintended pleiotropic effects for a number of pesticidal proteins ectopically expressed in transgenic crops, but the nature and significance of such effects in planta remain poorly understood. Here we assessed the effects of corn cystatin II (CCII), a potent inhibitor of C1A cysteine (Cys) proteases considered for insect and pathogen control, on the leaf proteome and pathogen resistance status of potato lines constitutively expressing this protein. RESULTS The leaf proteome of lines accumulating CCII at different levels was resolved by 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis and compared with the leaf proteome of a control (parental) line. Out of ca. 700 proteins monitored on 2-D gels, 23 were significantly up- or downregulated in CCII-expressing leaves, including 14 proteins detected de novo or up-regulated by more than five-fold compared to the control. Most up-regulated proteins were abiotic or biotic stress-responsive proteins, including different secretory peroxidases, wound inducible protease inhibitors and pathogenesis-related proteins. Accordingly, infection of leaf tissues by the fungal necrotroph Botryris cinerea was prevented in CCII-expressing plants, despite a null impact of CCII on growth of this pathogen and the absence of extracellular Cys protease targets for the inhibitor. CONCLUSIONS These data point to the onset of pleiotropic effects altering the leaf proteome in transgenic plants expressing recombinant protease inhibitors. They also show the potential of these proteins as ectopic modulators of stress responses in planta, useful to engineer biotic or abiotic stress tolerance in crop plants of economic significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Munger
- Centre de recherche en horticulture, Département de phytologie, Université Laval, Pavillon des Services, 2440 boul. Hochelaga, Québec, QC,, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Karine Coenen
- Centre de recherche en horticulture, Département de phytologie, Université Laval, Pavillon des Services, 2440 boul. Hochelaga, Québec, QC,, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Line Cantin
- Centre de recherche en horticulture, Département de phytologie, Université Laval, Pavillon des Services, 2440 boul. Hochelaga, Québec, QC,, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Charles Goulet
- Centre de recherche en horticulture, Département de phytologie, Université Laval, Pavillon des Services, 2440 boul. Hochelaga, Québec, QC,, G1V 0A6, Canada
- Current address: Horticulture Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Louis-Philippe Vaillancourt
- Centre de recherche en horticulture, Département de phytologie, Université Laval, Pavillon des Services, 2440 boul. Hochelaga, Québec, QC,, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Marie-Claire Goulet
- Centre de recherche en horticulture, Département de phytologie, Université Laval, Pavillon des Services, 2440 boul. Hochelaga, Québec, QC,, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Russell Tweddell
- Centre de recherche en horticulture, Département de phytologie, Université Laval, Pavillon des Services, 2440 boul. Hochelaga, Québec, QC,, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Frank Sainsbury
- Centre de recherche en horticulture, Département de phytologie, Université Laval, Pavillon des Services, 2440 boul. Hochelaga, Québec, QC,, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Dominique Michaud
- Centre de recherche en horticulture, Département de phytologie, Université Laval, Pavillon des Services, 2440 boul. Hochelaga, Québec, QC,, G1V 0A6, Canada
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Zhou Y, Zhang D, Pan J, Kong X, Liu Y, Sun L, Wang L, Li D. Overexpression of a multiple stress-responsive gene, ZmMPK4, enhances tolerance to low temperature in transgenic tobacco. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2012; 58:174-81. [PMID: 22820152 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2012.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2012] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades play important roles in mediating biotic and abiotic stress responses. In this study, we found that ZmMPK4 protein was predominantly localized in the nucleus. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed that the ZmMPK4 transcription in maize leaves was up-regulated by low temperature, high temperature and exogenous signaling molecules such as hydrogen peroxide, methyl jasmonate and ethephon. Hydrogen peroxide acted as second messenger to mediate 4°C-induced up-regulation of ZmMPK4 mRNA. Transgenic tobacco of overexpressing ZmMPK4 accumulated less reactive oxygen species (ROS), more peroxidase and catalase activities, more proline and soluble sugar contents, and more stress-responsive genes expression, leading to enhancing low temperature stress tolerance compared to the control plants. Taken together, these results strongly suggest that ZmMPK4 positively regulates low temperature stress tolerance in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, PR China
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Chen XK, Zhang JY, Zhang Z, Du XL, Du BB, Qu SC. Overexpressing MhNPR1 in transgenic Fuji apples enhances resistance to apple powdery mildew. Mol Biol Rep 2012; 39:8083-9. [PMID: 22539187 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-1655-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2011] [Accepted: 04/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Fuji is susceptible to fungal diseases like apple powdery mildew. Non-expressor of pathogenesis-related gene 1 (NPR1) plays a key role in regulating salicylic acid (SA)-mediated systemic acquired resistance (SAR). Previous studies show that overexpressing the Malus hupehensis-derived NPR1 (MhNPR1) gene in tobacco induces the transcript expression of pathogenesis-related genes (PRs) and resistance to the fungus Botrytis cinerea. In this study we introduced the MhNPR1 gene into the 'Fuji' apple via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Four transgenic apple lines were verified by PCR and RT-PCR. The semi-quantitative RT-PCR results showed that transcript overexpression of the MhNPR1 gene induced the expression of MdPRs and MdMLO genes known to interact with powdery mildew. Furthermore, the transgenic apple plants resisted infection by apple powdery mildew better than the wild-type plants. As a result, transcript overexpression of the MhNPR1 gene induced SAR and enhanced the Fuji apple's resistance to fungal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Kong Chen
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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van Wees SCM. Unravelling intimacies between plants and their enemies. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2012; 14 Suppl 1:iii-iv. [PMID: 22348328 DOI: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.2012.00565.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
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