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Wang CC, Lu DD, Shen MH, Chen RL, Zhang ZH, Lv JH. Clinical value of Cyclin D1 and P21 in the differential diagnosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma. Diagn Pathol 2023; 18:123. [PMID: 37951919 PMCID: PMC10638720 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-023-01410-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the continuous discovery of new borderline thyroid lesions and benign and malignant "gray areas", coupled with the limitations of traditional immune indicators, the differential diagnosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) has become more difficult. Cyclin D1 and P21 are cell cycle regulators involved in the occurrence and metastasis of multiple tumors, including PTC, but their specific functions are unclear. METHODS In our study, immunohistochemical staining was used to explore the expression of Cyclin D1 and P21 in PTC, paracancerous tissue, follicular adenoma (FA) and papillary thyroid hyperplasia. In addition, their relationship with the clinicopathological features of PTC and their differential diagnostic value in distinguishing between intralymph node PTC metastases and intralymph node ectopic thyroid tissue were studied. RESULTS Among 200 primary PTC lesions, Cyclin D1 and P21 were found to be expressed in 186 (93.00%) and 177 (88.50%), respectively, and their expression levels were significantly higher in PTC tissue than in adjacent tissue, FA tissue and papillary thyroid hyperplasia tissue (P < 0.05). The expression levels of Cyclin D1 and P21 were positively correlated with tumor size and lymph node metastasis (P < 0.05) but not with sex, age, number of tumor lesions, histological subtype, chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis or TNM stage (P < 0.05). The expression levels of Cyclin D1 and P21 were significantly correlated (P < 0.05). The positivity rates of Cyclin D1 and P21 in intralymph node PTC metastases were 97.96% (48/49) and 89.80% (44/49), respectively, which were significantly higher than those in intralymph node ectopic thyroid tissue (P < 0.05). The sensitivity (Se) and negative predictive value (NPV) of Cyclin D1 and P21 detection alone or in combination were higher than those of the combined detection of the classical antibody markers CK19, HBME-1 and Galectin-3. Besides, the Se, Sp, PPV and NPV of Cyclin D1 and P21 in differentiating intralymph node PTC metastases and intralymph node ectopic thyroid tissue were higher. CONCLUSIONS The results of our study show that Cyclin D1 and P21 are highly sensitive and specific markers for the diagnosis of PTC that are superior to traditional classical antibodies. And, these two markers are of great value in the differential diagnosis of intralymph node PTC metastases and intralymph node ectopic thyroid tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Chen Wang
- Department of Pathology, Gusu School, the Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Dan-Dan Lu
- Department of Pathology, Gusu School, the Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ming-Hong Shen
- Department of Pathology, Gusu School, the Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ru-Lei Chen
- Department of Pathology, Gusu School, the Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Hong Zhang
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Jing-Huan Lv
- Department of Pathology, Gusu School, the Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China.
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CELEPLİ P, BİGAT İ, CELEPLİ S, HÜCÜMENOĞLU S. Morphological and immunohistochemical evaluation of interface lesions between chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis and papillary thyroid cancers. JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCES AND MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.32322/jhsm.1052732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Liu CY, Huang CS, Huang CC, Ku WC, Shih HY, Huang CJ. Co-Occurrence of Differentiated Thyroid Cancer and Second Primary Malignancy: Correlation with Expression Profiles of Mismatch Repair Protein and Cell Cycle Regulators. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13215486. [PMID: 34771648 PMCID: PMC8582561 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Although the incidence of thyroid cancer is increasing, improvements in treatment have resulted in more patients being confirmed to have a second primary cancer. However, studies on potential biomarkers for predicting the risk of second primary malignancy are extremely limited. Therefore, our objective was to establish molecular biomarkers for the risk prediction of second primary malignancy using routinely collected formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue specimens. Our results suggest that the deficient mismatch repair phenotype, the expression of pRb, and the lack of CDK4 or CDK6 are significantly associated with co-occurrence of nonthyroid malignancy. The predictive value of these immunohistochemical profiles for the co-occurrence of nonthyroid malignancy was also assessed. The combined evaluation of a four-biomarker signature model may provide the most important predictive innovation. Our study proposes the first tissue-based screening tool for risk stratification and further active surveillance in patients with thyroid cancer. Abstract Some patients with thyroid cancer develop a second primary cancer. Defining the characteristics of patients with double primary cancers (DPCs) is crucial and needs to be followed. In this study, we examine molecular profiles in DPC. We enrolled 71 patients who received thyroid cancer surgery, 26 with single thyroid cancer (STC), and 45 with DPC. A retrograde cohort was used to develop immunohistochemical expressions of mismatch repair (MMR) proteins and cell-cycle-related markers from tissue microarrays to produce an equation for predicting the occurrence of DPC. The multivariate logistic model of 67 randomly selected patients (24 with STC and 43 with DPC) identified that the expression of deficient MMR (dMMR) (odds ratio (OR), 10.34; 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.17–49.21) and pRb (OR, 62.71; 95% CI, 4.83–814.22) were significantly associated with a higher risk of DPC. In contrast, the expression of CDK4 (OR, 0.19; 95% CI, 0.04–0.99) and CDK6 (OR, 0.03; 95% CI, 0.002–0.44) was significantly associated with a lower risk of DPC. Collectively, dMMR, pRb, CDK4, and CDK6 have a sensitivity of 88.9% (95% CI, 75.1–95.8) and a specificity of 69.2% (95% CI, 48.1–84.9) for occurrence of DPC in all 71 patients. This is the first report to demonstrate the molecular differentiation of STC and DPC. Overall, the integral molecular profile performed excellent discrimination and denoted an exponential function to predict the probability of DPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Yi Liu
- Division of Pathology, Sijhih Cathay General Hospital, New Taipei City 221, Taiwan;
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan;
| | - Ching-Shui Huang
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei 106, Taiwan; (C.-S.H.); (H.-Y.S.)
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Cheng Huang
- Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 1121, Taiwan;
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chi Ku
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan;
| | - Hsing-Yu Shih
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei 106, Taiwan; (C.-S.H.); (H.-Y.S.)
| | - Chi-Jung Huang
- Department of Medical Research, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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Teshima M, Tokita K, Ryo E, Matsumoto F, Kondo M, Ikegami Y, Shinomiya H, Otsuki N, Hiraoka N, Nibu KI, Yoshimoto S, Mori T. Clinical impact of a cytological screening system using cyclin D1 immunostaining and genomic analysis for the diagnosis of thyroid nodules. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:245. [PMID: 30885146 PMCID: PMC6423761 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5452-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) is the most reliable method for diagnosing thyroid nodules; however, some features such as atypia of undetermined significance or follicular lesion of undetermined significance can confound efforts to identify malignancies. Similar to BRAF, cyclin D1 may be a strong marker of cell proliferation. Methods One hundred two patients with thyroidal nodule were enrolled in this prospective study. Expression of cyclin D1 in thyroid nodules was determined by immunohistochemistry using both surgical specimens and their cytological specimens. The identification of the optimal cut off points for the diagnosis of malignancy were evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and the assessment of the area under the ROC curve (AUC). The specificity, sensitivity, positive predictive value (PPV) of markers were evaluated from crosstabs based on cut off points and significance were calculated. We also analyzed genetic variants by target NGS for thyroid nodule samples. Results The positive predictive value (PPV) and median stain ratio (MSR) of cyclin D1 nuclear staining was determined in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PPV = 91.5%, MSR = 48.5%), follicular adenoma (PPV = 66.7%, MSR = 13.1%), and adenomatous goiter and inflammation controls (MSR = 3.4%). In FNA samples, a threshold of 46% of immunolabelled cells allows to discriminate malignant lesions from benign ones (P < 0.0001), with 81% sensitivity and 100% specificity. A 46% cutoff value for positive cyclin D1 immunostaining in thyroid cells demonstrated 81% sensitivity and 100% specificity. In surgical specimens, ROC curve analysis showed a 5.8% cyclin D1 immunostaining score predicted thyroid neoplasms at 94.4% sensitivity and 92.3% specificity (P = 0.003), while a 15.7% score predicted malignancy at 86.4% sensitivity and 80.5% specificity (P < 0.0001). Finally, three tested clinico-pathological variables (extra thyroidal extension, intraglandular metastasis, and lymph node metastasis) were significant predictors of cyclin D1 immunostaining (P < 0.001). Conclusion Our cytological cyclin D1 screening system provides a simple, accurate, and convenient diagnostic method in precision medicine enabling ready determination of personalized treatment strategies for patients by next generation sequencing using cytological sample. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-019-5452-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Teshima
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Head and Neck Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Kobe University, School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Kazuya Tokita
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eijitsu Ryo
- Division of Molecular Pathology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Matsumoto
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Madoka Kondo
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yota Ikegami
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Shinomiya
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Kobe University, School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Naoki Otsuki
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Kobe University, School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Nobuyoshi Hiraoka
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Molecular Pathology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Nibu
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Kobe University, School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Seiichi Yoshimoto
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taisuke Mori
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan. .,Division of Molecular Pathology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.
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Ralhan R, Veyhl J, Chaker S, Assi J, Alyass A, Jeganathan A, Somasundaram RT, MacMillan C, Freeman J, Vescan AD, Witterick IJ, Walfish PG. Immunohistochemical Subcellular Localization of Protein Biomarkers Distinguishes Benign from Malignant Thyroid Nodules: Potential for Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy Clinical Application. Thyroid 2015; 25:1224-34. [PMID: 26131603 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2015.0114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is of critical clinical importance to select accurately for surgery thyroid nodules at risk for malignancy and avoid surgery on those that are benign. Using alterations in subcellular localization for seven putative biomarker proteins (identified by proteomics), this study aimed to define a specific combination of proteins in surgical tissues that could distinguish benign from malignant nodules to assist in future surgical selection by fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB). METHODS Immunohistochemical subcellular localization (IHC) analyses of seven proteins were retrospectively performed on surgical tissues (115 benign nodules and 114 papillary-based thyroid carcinomas [TC]), and a risk model biomarker panel was developed and validated. The biomarker panel efficacy was verified in 50 FNAB formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded cell blocks, and 26 cytosmears were prepared from fresh surgically resected thyroid nodules. RESULTS Selection modeling using these proteins resulted in nuclear phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1) loss and nuclear Galectin-3 overexpression as the best combination for distinguishing TC from benign nodules (area under the curve [AUC] 0.96 and 0.95 in test and validation sets, respectively). A computed malignancy score also accurately identified TC in benign and indeterminate nodules (test and validation sets: AUC 0.94, 0.90; specificity 98%, 99%). Its efficacy was confirmed in surgical FNAB cell blocks and cytosmears. CONCLUSION Using surgical tissues, it was observed that a combination of PGK1 and Galectin-3 had high efficiency for distinguishing benign from malignant thyroid nodules and could improve surgical selection for TC among indeterminate nodules. Further validation in prospective preoperative FNAB will be required to confirm such a clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranju Ralhan
- 1 Alex and Simona Shnaider Research Laboratory in Molecular Oncology, Mount Sinai Hospital , Toronto, Canada
- 2 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital , Toronto, Canada
- 3 Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto , Toronto, Canada
- 4 Joseph and Mildred Sonshine Family Centre for Head and Neck Diseases, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Program, Mount Sinai Hospital , Toronto, Canada
- 5 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Mount Sinai Hospital , Toronto, Canada
- 6 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Toronto , Toronto, Canada
| | - Joe Veyhl
- 1 Alex and Simona Shnaider Research Laboratory in Molecular Oncology, Mount Sinai Hospital , Toronto, Canada
| | - Seham Chaker
- 1 Alex and Simona Shnaider Research Laboratory in Molecular Oncology, Mount Sinai Hospital , Toronto, Canada
| | - Jasmeet Assi
- 1 Alex and Simona Shnaider Research Laboratory in Molecular Oncology, Mount Sinai Hospital , Toronto, Canada
| | - Akram Alyass
- 1 Alex and Simona Shnaider Research Laboratory in Molecular Oncology, Mount Sinai Hospital , Toronto, Canada
| | - Ajitha Jeganathan
- 1 Alex and Simona Shnaider Research Laboratory in Molecular Oncology, Mount Sinai Hospital , Toronto, Canada
| | - Raj Thani Somasundaram
- 1 Alex and Simona Shnaider Research Laboratory in Molecular Oncology, Mount Sinai Hospital , Toronto, Canada
| | - Christina MacMillan
- 2 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital , Toronto, Canada
- 3 Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto , Toronto, Canada
| | - Jeremy Freeman
- 4 Joseph and Mildred Sonshine Family Centre for Head and Neck Diseases, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Program, Mount Sinai Hospital , Toronto, Canada
- 5 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Mount Sinai Hospital , Toronto, Canada
- 6 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Toronto , Toronto, Canada
| | - Allan D Vescan
- 4 Joseph and Mildred Sonshine Family Centre for Head and Neck Diseases, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Program, Mount Sinai Hospital , Toronto, Canada
- 5 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Mount Sinai Hospital , Toronto, Canada
- 6 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Toronto , Toronto, Canada
| | - Ian J Witterick
- 4 Joseph and Mildred Sonshine Family Centre for Head and Neck Diseases, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Program, Mount Sinai Hospital , Toronto, Canada
- 5 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Mount Sinai Hospital , Toronto, Canada
- 6 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Toronto , Toronto, Canada
| | - Paul G Walfish
- 1 Alex and Simona Shnaider Research Laboratory in Molecular Oncology, Mount Sinai Hospital , Toronto, Canada
- 2 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital , Toronto, Canada
- 3 Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto , Toronto, Canada
- 4 Joseph and Mildred Sonshine Family Centre for Head and Neck Diseases, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Program, Mount Sinai Hospital , Toronto, Canada
- 7 Department of Medicine, Endocrine Division, Mount Sinai Hospital , Toronto, Canada
- 8 Department of Medicine, University of Toronto Medical School , Toronto, Canada
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Aytekin T, Aytekin A, Maralcan G, Gokalp MA, Ozen D, Borazan E, Yilmaz L. A cyclin D1 (CCND1) gene polymorphism contributes to susceptibility to papillary thyroid cancer in the Turkish population. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 15:7181-5. [PMID: 25227811 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.17.7181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclin D1 is an important positive regulator of the G1/S phase of the cell cycle. We investigated the association between the CCND1 G870A polymorphism and susceptibility to papillary thyroid cancer in Turkish people. This study covered 102 patients with papillary thyroid cancer and 174 healthy controls. CCND1 genotyping was determined by the PCR-RFLP method. We found that the A allele frequency was higher in the cases than in the controls (p=0.042). On stratification analysis, papillary thyroid cancer risk was significantly elevated in individuals older than 45 years with the A allele (OR=1.91, 95% CI, 1.09-3.35, p=0.024) and in females with the A allele (OR=1.73, 95% CI, 1.06-2.84, p=0.029), compared to the G allele. According to the subject age, there was an increased papillary thyroid cancer risk for the individuals older than 45 years with the AA genotype (OR=2.28, 95% CI, 1.02-5.13, p=0.046) compared to the AG+GG combined genotypes. In conclusion, it is suggested that the CCND1 G870A polymorphism may contribute to the susceptibility to papillary thyroid cancer, especially in those who were older subjects (45 ≤ years old) and female, in the Turkish population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Turkan Aytekin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, University of Gaziantep, Gaziantep, Turkey E-mail :
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Abstract
Context
Accurate classification of follicular-patterned thyroid lesions is not always an easy task on routine surgical hematoxylin-eosin–stained or cytologic fine-needle aspiration specimens. The diagnostic challenges are partially due to differential diagnostic criteria that are often subtle and subjective. In the past decades, tremendous advances have been made in molecular gene profiling of tumors and diagnostic immunohistochemistry, aiding in diagnostic accuracy and proper patient management.
Objective
To evaluate the diagnostic utility of the most commonly studied immunomarkers in the field of thyroid pathology by review of the literature, using the database of indexed articles in PubMed (US National Library of Medicine) from 1976–2013.
Data Sources
Literature review, authors' research data, and personal practice experience.
Conclusions
The appropriate use of immunohistochemistry by applying a panel of immunomarkers and using a standardized technical and interpretational method may complement the morphologic assessment and aid in the accurate classification of difficult thyroid lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Liu
- From the Department of Laboratory Medicine, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, Pennsylvania
| | - Fan Lin
- From the Department of Laboratory Medicine, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, Pennsylvania
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Seybt TP, Ramalingam P, Huang J, Looney SW, Reid MD. Cyclin D1 expression in benign and differentiated malignant tumors of the thyroid gland: diagnostic and biologic implications. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2012; 20:124-30. [PMID: 22553812 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0b013e31822d4783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cyclin D1 expression was examined in benign and differentiated malignant thyroid tumors to determine diagnostic utility and correlation with tumor type, size, and nodal status; 29 follicular adenomas (FA), 23 follicular carcinomas (FCA) and 43 papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTC) (22 with and 21 without nodal metastases) were stained. PTCs included 27 classical (PTCC) and 16 follicular variants (PTCFV). A statistically significant association was found between tumor type and cyclin D1 staining, distribution, and intensity. There were fewer cyclin D1-positive FAs than PTCs (52% vs. 88% respectively; P<0.001) and stain distribution was greater in PTC than FA (P=0.032). More PTCs were positive than FCAs (88% vs. 61%, respectively; P=0.013). All significant comparisons remained significant after adjusting for tumor size. FA did not differ from FCA in staining/intensity. There were fewer cyclin D1-positive FAs than PTCC (52% vs. 89%, respectively; P=0.003) and PTCFV (52% vs. 88%, respectively; P=0.023). FCA also differed significantly from PTCC in staining (61% vs. 89%, respectively; P=0.044) and intensity (P=0.024). In terms of cyclin D1 intensity, FA had significantly less intense staining than PTCC (P=0.004). No significant associations were found between PTC nodal status and any cyclin D1 characteristic. In conclusion, cyclin D1 shows heterogeneity in distribution and intensity in benign and malignant thyroid tumors, which disqualifies it as a primary diagnostic marker in these tumors; however, it may be helpful in distinguishing FA from PTC, especially PTCFV. Its expression by thyroid tumors suggests a role in tumor development and may be an early event in thyroid neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy P Seybt
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, USA
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Balta AZ, Filiz AI, Kurt Y, Sucullu I, Yucel E, Akin ML. Prognostic value of oncoprotein expressions in thyroid papillary carcinoma. Med Oncol 2011; 29:734-41. [PMID: 21547408 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-011-9969-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2011] [Accepted: 04/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the expressions of oncoproteins and to correlate the results with clinicopathologic parameters in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is the most common form and accounts for about 80% of all thyroid cancers. Although PTC generally has a good prognosis, some patients suffer from local recurrence and/or distant metastasis. Oncogenes have reported to be related not only in carcinogenesis but also in tumor prognosis, tumor type, differentiation and site of tumor in epithelial malignant tumors such as thyroid, breast, ovarian, and stomach cancer. This study was planned retrospectively and was performed in 87 patients (47 PTC, 40 benign lesions). The data of clinicopathologic parameters and tissue samples were collected from the archives. Sections stained with H&E were evaluated for each case and after confirming the diagnosis of PTC, oncoprotein expressions were determined by immunohistochemical analysis. The differences of oncoprotein expressions in PTC compared with control group were statistically significant. Cyclin D1 and p53 expressions were significantly increased in PTC. The expressions of bcl-2 and c-erbB-2 in PTC were found as increased, but the correlation between these proteins and poor prognostic parameters were not significant. We suggest that increased expressions of cyclin D1 and p53 could be used as prognostic factors in patients with PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Z Balta
- Department of General Surgery, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Haydarpasa Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Nar A, Ozen O, Tutuncu NB, Demirhan B. Cyclin A and cyclin B1 overexpression in differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Med Oncol 2011; 29:294-300. [DOI: 10.1007/s12032-010-9800-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2010] [Accepted: 12/22/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Rydlova M, Ludvikova M, Stankova I. Potential diagnostic markers in nodular lesions of the thyroid gland: an immunohistochemical study. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2008; 152:53-9. [PMID: 18795075 DOI: 10.5507/bp.2008.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS The differential diagnosis of thyroid nodules in routine practice can be problemmatic for both pathologists and clinicians. Effective treatment requires a determination of the biological nature of the lesions. For this reason, ancilliary diagnostic markers along with histological examination of the nodules may be useful. The objective of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic usefulness of novel markers in the diagnosis of hyperplastic and neoplastic nodules. METHODS Forty eight thyroid lesions forming four diagnostic groups including adenomatous goiters (AS), follicular adenomas (FA), follicular (FC) and papillary carcinomas (PC) were examined using standard immunohistochemical methods. Monoclonal antibodies against galectin-3, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) -2 and -7 and endothelial markers CD31 and CD105 were used. RESULTS The cytoplasmatic expression of galectin-3 was positive in all cases of papillary carcinoma. Moreover, statistically significant differences between fused groups of benign (AS and FA) and malignant lesions (FC and PC) were found Fischer's exact test (p = 0.0001). No significant differences in cytoplasmic expression of MMPs -2 and -7 and in vascular density assessed by using of both endothelial markers between benign lesions and malignant tumors were revealed. CONCLUSIONS Galectin-3 appears to be a useful marker in the diagnosis of papillary carcinoma only. The matrix metalloproteinases-2 and -7 are not helpful in distinguishing hyperplastic and neoplastic thyroid nodules. Endothelial markers do not appear to be suitable for thyroid differential diagnosis. A panel of antibodies in the differential diagnosis of thyroid nodular lesions would seem most suitable and further studies with larger sets of patients are awaited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Rydlova
- Department of Pathology, Municipal Hospital, Ostrava, Czech Republic.
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Temmim L, Sinowatz F, Hussein WI, Al-Sanea O, El-Khodary H. Intrathyroidal parathyroid carcinoma: a case report with clinical and histological findings. Diagn Pathol 2008; 3:46. [PMID: 19032735 PMCID: PMC2627811 DOI: 10.1186/1746-1596-3-46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2008] [Accepted: 11/25/2008] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The chance of an intrathyroidal occurrence of a parathyroid gland is about 1–3%. Among the causes of hyperparathyroidism, parathyroid cases occur in less than 1% of patients. Here we present the case of a 63 year old Saudi female suffering from an intrathryroidal parathyroid carcinoma. The suspicion coming from the clinical investigations that the removed tumor tissue may be a parathyroid carcinoma could be confirmed by histology. Additionally non-radioactive in situ hybridization to localize mRNA transcripts for Cyclin D1 and immunohistochemical localization of Cyclin D1 was performed. Although parathyroid adenoma and carcinoma have disparate natural history, it can be difficult to differentiate between the two entities. Clinical presentation, operative findings may raise suspicion, but may not be conclusive especially if there is no evidence of invasion or metastasis, especially if the gland was intrathyroidal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Labiba Temmim
- Institute of Histology & Embryology, University of Munich, Germany.
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Comstock CES, Revelo MP, Buncher CR, Knudsen KE. Impact of differential cyclin D1 expression and localisation in prostate cancer. Br J Cancer 2007; 96:970-9. [PMID: 17375037 PMCID: PMC2360090 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6603615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclin D1 is a critical regulator of androgen-dependent transcription and cell cycle progression in prostate cancer cells. Despite the influence of D-type cyclins on prostate cancer proliferation, few studies have examined the expression of cyclin D1 in localised tumours or challenged its relevance to disease progression. Cyclin D1 status was characterised using immunohistochemistry in 38 non-neoplastic prostate samples, 138 primary human prostate carcinomas, and three lymph node metastatic specimens. Relevance of cyclin D1 to preoperative prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels, Ki-67 index, and p21Cip1 status was also examined. Cyclin D1-positive phenotype was increased in primary carcinoma compared to non-neoplastic tissue, and was evident in all lymph node metastases cases. Interestingly, at least three distinct localisation patterns were observed in the cyclin D1-positive cohort, wherein cytoplasmic localisation was identified in a large fraction, and this pattern was predominant in lower grade tumours. Relevance of altered cyclin D1 status was observed, wherein cyclin D1-positive tumours were associated with low preoperative PSA levels, consistent with in vitro reports that cyclin D1 may alter the expression of this tumour marker. Moreover, tumours with predominantly cytoplasmic cyclin D1 showed the lowest Ki-67 index, whereas nuclear cyclin D1 was associated with higher grade, elevated Ki-67, and increased nuclear p21Cip1. These data demonstrate that differential cyclin D1 status may influence clinicopathological parameters, and reveal new insight as to the regulation and potential consequence of cyclin D1 expression in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E S Comstock
- Department of Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - M P Revelo
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - C R Buncher
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - K E Knudsen
- Department of Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
- Center for Environmental Genetics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
- University of Cincinnati Cancer Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Department of Cell and Cancer Biology, Vontz Center for Molecular Studies, 3125 Eden Ave., ML 0521, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0521, USA. E-mail:
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