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Torreggiani C, Maes D, Franchi L, Raffi V, Borri E, Prosperi A, Chiapponi C, Luppi A. Premature farrowing and stillbirths in two organic sow farms due to riboflavin deficiency. Porcine Health Manag 2023; 9:12. [PMID: 37143142 PMCID: PMC10161553 DOI: 10.1186/s40813-023-00308-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Riboflavin deficiency can lead to premature farrowing, stillborn piglets, weak-born piglets and neonatal death. Riboflavin (vitamin B2) is considered essential for reproductive function. The longer the period on riboflavin-deficient diets, the more severe the clinical signs become. Litter size as well as body size of piglets can also be considered risk factors that may contribute to the problem. CASE PRESENTATION This case report involved two organic farms of 320 (farm A) and 250 sows (farm B). Between 2019 and 2020, premature farrowing with weak-born or stillborn piglets and severe intra-litter mortality, ranging from 60 to 100% were observed. Investigations for infectious causes of reproductive disease, drinking water quality and general feed composition were performed, but showed no significant results. Feed composition was subsequently evaluated more in detail. Riboflavin levels were very low specifically 1.25 mg/kg of diet (3.75 mg/kg of diet is the NRC minimum recommended level). Riboflavin as a vitamin complex supplement (B complex) was administered to sows one month before the farrowing date and this led to a rapid improvement of the problem such that no stillbirth or intra-litter mortality was observed. CONCLUSIONS The clinical presentation, the low riboflavin levels in the feed below the recommended levels for gestating sows and the effectiveness of the riboflavin supplementation, led to an ex juvantibus diagnosis of this deficiency condition. This case report highlights that riboflavin deficiency during gestation should be considered in case of premature parturition and stillborn litters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Torreggiani
- IZSLER, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Della Lombardia E Dell'Emilia-Romagna, Parma, Italy.
| | - Dominiek Maes
- Unit of Porcine Health Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | | | | | - Alice Prosperi
- IZSLER, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Della Lombardia E Dell'Emilia-Romagna, Parma, Italy
| | - Chiara Chiapponi
- IZSLER, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Della Lombardia E Dell'Emilia-Romagna, Parma, Italy
| | - Andrea Luppi
- IZSLER, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Della Lombardia E Dell'Emilia-Romagna, Parma, Italy
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Zhang B, Guo R, Xiao L, Zhong C, Yuan X, Huang J, Zhu X, Zhou J, Fan B, Xue T, Liu C, Zhu X, Li J, Li B. Analysis on the genome of a teschovirus type 1 isolates with swine diarrhea. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14710. [PMID: 37035382 PMCID: PMC10073753 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine Teschoviruses (PTVs) are associated with polioencephalomyelitis and various diseases, including reproductive and gastrointestinal disorders of pigs and wild boars, but rarely detected in the feces of pigs. In this study, a sample of swine diarrhea that tested positive for PTVs is subjected to high-throughput sequencing. The viral genome was 7221 nucleotides (nt) in length, which was consisted of twelve genes. Phylogenetic analysis showed and it was closely related to the PTV-HNMY(MG755212.1). The nucleotide homology of VP1 gene of PTVs JS2021 with PTV-1AF 296102.1 reached 82.97%, belonging to a branch of PTV-1 serotype. The nucleotide homology of VP1 protein with other serotypes of PTV is quite different from that of other serotypes of PTV. Bioinformatics analysis showed that PTVs have four capsid proteins, namely VP1, VP2, VP3 and VP4. The VP1 encodes a 29 kDa protein, which is the main protective antigen, a theoretical isoelectric point of 6.73, no transmembrane domain, no signal peptide and potential phosphorylation site. The VP1 protein is an unstable hydrophilic intracellular protein, which contains four secondary structures: irregular curl (c), extended chain (e), α-helix (h) and β-folded (t). The tertiary structure is heart-shaped and has multiple B cell epitopes. By analyzing the tertiary structure, we found that the amino acid at position 129 of VP1 mutated and reduction a larger alpha helix. This may lead to the main cause of piglet diarrhea. These findings enriched our knowledge of the viruses in the role of swine diarrhea, and help to develop an effective strategy for disease prevention and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baotai Zhang
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210014, China
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Rongli Guo
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Li Xiao
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210014, China
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Chunyan Zhong
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210014, China
- Department of Bioengineering, Qianxinan Vocational and Technical College for Nationalities, Xingyi, 562400, China
| | - Xuesong Yuan
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210014, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jin Huang
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210014, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xuejiao Zhu
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210014, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jinzhu Zhou
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Baochao Fan
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210014, China
- Institute of Life Sciences, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Tao Xue
- School of Pharmacy, Linyi University, Linyi, 276000, China
| | - Chuanmin Liu
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210014, China
- School of Pharmacy, Linyi University, Linyi, 276000, China
- Institute of Life Sciences, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Xing Zhu
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Jizong Li
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210014, China
- School of Pharmacy, Linyi University, Linyi, 276000, China
- Institute of Life Sciences, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Bin Li
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210014, China
- Institute of Life Sciences, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
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3
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Stadler J, Junker S, Gründl J, Fröhlich S, Beisl M, Zöls S, Ritzmann M, Eddicks M, Palzer A, Sehl J, Höper D, Unterweger C, Ladinig A, Mayer C. [Hind limb paralysis in fattening pigs due to a new strain of porcine Teschovirus A11]. Tierarztl Prax Ausg G Grosstiere Nutztiere 2022; 50:59-67. [PMID: 35235983 DOI: 10.1055/a-1729-3677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In a fattening farm in southern Germany, paralysis of the hind limbs was observed in 2 age groups (50 kg as well as 60 kg) during a 4 week period. Despite a low morbidity of 3.3 % the majority of the affected animals needed to be euthanized in consequence to the progression of their hind limb paralysis. During pathomorphological examinations of 2 affected fattening pigs severe lymphohistiocytic meningoencephalomyelitis and vasculitis were detected. Immunhistochemistry revealed the presence of Porcine Teschovirus antigen in all parts of the central nervous system as well as in several cell types (neurons, glia cells, endothelial cells, mononuclear cells). Porcine Teschovirus was detected by PCR in spinal cord samples. The subsequently performed phylogenetic analysis PCR revealed a close relation (88 % full genome sequence) to porcine Teschovirus A11 strain "Dresden". Other swine relevant pathogens were excluded by PCR, bacteriologic examination and sequencing. Following a period of 4 weeks no additional cases of hind limb paralysis were observed in the fattening farm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Stadler
- Klinik für Schweine am Zentrum für Klinische Tiermedizin, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
| | - Sigena Junker
- Klinik für Schweine am Zentrum für Klinische Tiermedizin, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
| | - Julia Gründl
- Klinik für Schweine am Zentrum für Klinische Tiermedizin, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
| | - Sebastian Fröhlich
- Klinik für Schweine am Zentrum für Klinische Tiermedizin, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
| | - Marina Beisl
- Klinik für Schweine am Zentrum für Klinische Tiermedizin, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
| | - Susanne Zöls
- Klinik für Schweine am Zentrum für Klinische Tiermedizin, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
| | - Mathias Ritzmann
- Klinik für Schweine am Zentrum für Klinische Tiermedizin, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
| | - Matthias Eddicks
- Klinik für Schweine am Zentrum für Klinische Tiermedizin, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
| | - Andreas Palzer
- Klinik für Schweine am Zentrum für Klinische Tiermedizin, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
| | - Julia Sehl
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Bundesforschungsinstitut für Tiergesundheit
| | - Dirk Höper
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Bundesforschungsinstitut für Tiergesundheit
| | - Christine Unterweger
- Universitätsklinik für Schweine, Department für Nutztiere und öffentliches Gesundheitswesen in der Veterinärmedizin, Veterinärmedizinische Universität Wien
| | - Andrea Ladinig
- Universitätsklinik für Schweine, Department für Nutztiere und öffentliches Gesundheitswesen in der Veterinärmedizin, Veterinärmedizinische Universität Wien
| | - Christian Mayer
- Institut für Tierpathologie am Zentrum für klinische Tiermedizin, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
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4
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Stamelou E, Giantsis IA, Papageorgiou KV, Petridou E, Davidson I, Polizopοulou ZS, Papa A, Kritas SK. Epidemiology of Astrovirus, Norovirus and Sapovirus in Greek pig farms indicates high prevalence of Mamastrovirus suggesting the potential need for systematic surveillance. Porcine Health Manag 2022; 8:5. [PMID: 35000615 PMCID: PMC8744241 DOI: 10.1186/s40813-021-00245-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Backround Astrovirus, Norovirus and Sapovirus exhibit a wide distribution in swine pig herds worldwide. However, the association of porcine Astrovirus (PAstV), porcine Norovirus (PoNoV) and porcine Sapovirus (PoSaV) with disease in pigs remains uncertain. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of PAstV, PoNoV and PoSaV in Greek pig farms using both conventional RT-PCR and SYBR-Green Real-time RT-PCR in an effort to compare the sensitivity of the two methods. We examined 1400 stool samples of asymptomatic pigs originating from 28 swine farms throughout Greece in pools of five. Results PAstV was detected in all 28 swine farms examined, with an overall prevalence of 267/280 positive pools (95.4%). Porcine Caliciviruses prevalence was found at 36 and 57 out of the 280 examined samples, by the conventional and SYBR-Green Real time RT-PCR, respectively. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the positive samples revealed that the detected PAstV sequences are clustered within PAstV1, 3 and 4 lineages, with PAstV3 being the predominant haplotype (91.2%). Interestingly, sequencing of the Calicivirus positive samples demonstrated the presence of non-target viruses, i.e. Sapovirus, Kobuvirus and Sapelovirus sequences and one sequence highly similar to bat Astrovirus, while no Norovirus sequence was detected. Conclusions The high prevalence of PAstV in Greek pig farms poses a necessity for further investigation of the pathogenicity of this virus and its inclusion in surveillance programs in case that it proves to be important. To our knowledge, this is the first epidemiological study of these viruses in pig farms in Greece. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40813-021-00245-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efthymia Stamelou
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioannis A Giantsis
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Western Macedonia, 53100, Florina, Greece.
| | - Konstantinos V Papageorgiou
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Evanthia Petridou
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Irit Davidson
- Kimron Veterinary Institute, 50250, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Zoe S Polizopοulou
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anna Papa
- Laboratory of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Spyridon K Kritas
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
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5
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Stäubli T, Rickli CI, Torgerson PR, Fraefel C, Lechmann J. Porcine teschovirus, sapelovirus, and enterovirus in Swiss pigs: multiplex RT-PCR investigation of viral frequencies and disease association. J Vet Diagn Invest 2021; 33:864-874. [PMID: 34151653 DOI: 10.1177/10406387211025827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine teschovirus (PTV), sapelovirus (PSV-A), and enterovirus (EV-G) are enteric viruses that can infect pigs and wild boars worldwide. The viruses have been associated with several diseases, primarily gastrointestinal, neurologic, reproductive, and respiratory disorders, but also with subclinical infections. However, for most serotypes, proof of a causal relationship between viral infection and clinical signs is still lacking. In Switzerland, there has been limited investigation of the occurrence of the 3 viruses. We used a modified multiplex reverse-transcription PCR protocol to study the distribution of the viruses in Swiss pigs by testing 363 fecal, brain, and placental or abortion samples from 282 healthy and diseased animals. We did not detect the 3 viruses in 94 placental or abortion samples or in 31 brain samples from healthy pigs. In brain tissue of 81 diseased pigs, we detected 5 PSV-A and 4 EV-G positive samples. In contrast, all 3 viruses were detected at high frequencies in fecal samples of both healthy and diseased pigs. In healthy animals, PTV was detected in 47%, PSV-A in 51%, and EV-G in 70% of the 76 samples; in diseased animals, frequencies in the 81 samples were 54%, 64%, and 68%, respectively. The viruses were detected more frequently in fecal samples from weaned and fattening pigs compared to suckling piglets and sows. Co-detections of all 3 viruses were the most common finding. Based on clinical and pathology data, statistical analysis yielded no evidence for an association of virus detection and disease. Further research is required to determine if pathogenicity is linked to specific serotypes of these viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Stäubli
- Institute of Virology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Charlotte I Rickli
- Institute of Virology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Paul R Torgerson
- Section of Epidemiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cornel Fraefel
- Institute of Virology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Julia Lechmann
- Institute of Virology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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6
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Sawant PM, Atre N, Kulkarni A, Gopalkrishna V. Detection and molecular characterization of porcine enterovirus G15 and teschovirus from India. Pathog Dis 2021; 78:5874254. [PMID: 32691821 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftaa039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine enterovirus G (EV-G) and teschovirus (PTV) generally cause asymptomatic infections. Although both viruses have been reported from various countries, they are rarely detected from India. To detect these viruses in Western India, fecal samples (n = 26) of diarrheic piglets aged below three months from private pig farms near Pune (Maharashtra) were collected. The samples were screened by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction using conserved enterovirus specific primers from 5' untranslated region. For genetic characterization of detected EV-G strain, nearly complete genome, and for PTV, partial VP1 gene were sequenced. EV-G strain showed the highest identity in a VP1 gene at nucleotide (78.61%) and amino acid (88.65%) level with EV-G15, prototype strain. However, its complete genome was homologous with the nucleotide (78.38% identity) and amino acid (91.24% identity) level to Ishi-Ka2 strain (LC316832), unassigned EV-G genotype detected from Japan. The nearly complete genome of EV-G15 consisted of 7398 nucleotides excluding the poly(A) tail and has an open reading frame that encodes a 2170 amino acid polyprotein. Genetic analysis of the partial VP1 gene of teschovirus identified porcine teschovirus 4 (PTV-4) and putative PTV-17 genotype. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on nearly full genome characterization of EV-G15, and detection of PTV-4 and putative PTV-17 genotypes from India. Further, detection and characterization of porcine enteroviruses are needed for a comprehensive understanding of their genetic diversity and their association with symptomatic infections from other geographical regions of India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Mahadev Sawant
- Enteric Virus Group, ICMR-National Institute of Virology, 20-A, Ambedkar Road, Pune 411001, Maharashtra, India
| | - Nitin Atre
- Bioinformatics Group, ICMR-National Institute of Virology (Pashan Campus), Pune 411021, Maharashtra, India
| | - Abhijeet Kulkarni
- Bioinformatics Centre, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, Maharashtra, India
| | - Varanasi Gopalkrishna
- Enteric Virus Group, ICMR-National Institute of Virology, 20-A, Ambedkar Road, Pune 411001, Maharashtra, India
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7
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Swine polioencephalomyelitis in Brazil: identification of Teschovirus A, Sapelovirus A, and Enterovirus G in a farm from Southern Brazil. Braz J Microbiol 2021; 52:1617-1622. [PMID: 34024036 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-021-00509-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine encephalomyelitis can be associated with many etiologies, including viral agents, such as Porcine teschovirus (PTV), Porcine sapelovirus (PSV), and Porcine astrovirus (PoAstV). In this study, we investigated the presence of these viruses in a neurological disease outbreak in a swine farm in Southern Brazil. The piglet production farm unity had 1200 weaning piglets, and 40 piglets with neurological signs such as motor incoordination, paresis, and paralysis of hind limbs, with an evolution time of approximately 4 days. Among these, 10 piglets were submitted to postmortem examination. Gross lesions were restricted to a mild enlargement of the nerve roots and ganglia of spinal cord segments. The microscopic lesions were characterized by nonsuppurative encephalomyelitis and ganglioneuritis with evident neuronal degeneration and necrosis. Samples of the central nervous system (CNS), cerebrospinal fluid, and feces were collected and submitted to molecular analysis. PTV was identified in all samples of the CNS, while eight of the piglets were also positive for PSV, and seven were positive for Porcine enterovirus (EV-G). PoAstV was identified in a pool of feces of healthy animals used as controls. This study demonstrates the occurrence of encephalomyelitis associated with PTV on a swine farm in Southern Brazil, as well as the presence of other viruses such as PSV, EV-G, and PoAstV in the swineherd. Sequences of the fragments that were previously amplified by PCR showed a high similarity to PTV 6. Herein, we describe the first case report of severe swine polioencephalomyelitis associated with PTV in South America.
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8
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Ma H, Zhang M, Wu M, Ghonaim AH, Fan S, He Q. Isolation and genetic characteristics of a neurotropic teschovirus variant belonging to genotype 1 in northeast China. Arch Virol 2021; 166:1355-1370. [PMID: 33709216 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-021-04994-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Porcine teschovirus (PTV) is a causative agent of reproductive disorders, encephalomyelitis, respiratory diseases, and diarrhea in swine, with a worldwide distribution. In this work, we identified PTV-associated nonsuppurative encephalitis as a potential cause of posterior paralysis in neonatal pigs in northeast China. Using indirect immunofluorescence assay, western blot, electron microscopy, and genome sequencing, we identified a neurotropic PTV strain, named CHN-NP1-2016, in the supernatants of pooled cerebrum and cerebellum samples from an affected piglet. Nucleotide sequence alignment revealed that the whole genome of CHN-NP1-2016 shared the highest sequence similarity (86.76% identity) with PTV 1 strain Talfan. A combination of phylogenetic and genetic divergence analysis was applied based on the deduced amino acid sequence of the P1 gene with a cutoff value of the genetic distance (0.102 ± 0.008) for defining PTV genotypes, and this showed that CHN-NP1-2016 is a variant of genotype 1. In total, 16 unique mutations and five mutant clusters were detected in the capsid proteins VP1 and VP2 of CHN-NP1-2016 when compared to other PTV1 isolates. Importantly, we detected three mutant clusters located in the exposed surface loops of the capsid protein, potentially indicating significant differences in major neutralization epitopes. Moreover, a potential recombination event in the P1 region of PTV CHN-NP1-2016 was detected. These findings provide valuable insights into the role of recombination in the evolution of teschoviruses. To our knowledge, this is the first case report of PTV-1-associated encephalitis in northeast China. Future investigations will narrow on the serology and pathogenicity of this novel isolate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Ma
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, 1 Shi-zi-shan Street, Wuhan, 430070, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Mengjia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, 1 Shi-zi-shan Street, Wuhan, 430070, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Meizhou Wu
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ahmed H Ghonaim
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China.,Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Shengxian Fan
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Qigai He
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, 1 Shi-zi-shan Street, Wuhan, 430070, China. .,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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9
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Detection and Characterization of Porcine Sapelovirus in Italian Pig Farms. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10060966. [PMID: 32498384 PMCID: PMC7341194 DOI: 10.3390/ani10060966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Sapelovirus (PSV) is known to infect pigs asymptomatically but, sporadically, can cause reproductive failure and severe neurologic, enteric, or respiratory signs. Sapelovirus infections have been reported worldwide in pigs. However, information about PSV circulation in Italy is unavailable and rarely investigated across Europe. In this study, we reported the circulation of PSV in three Italian pig farms and added novel information about evolutionary heterogeneity of PSV strains showing a low genetic correlation with the other strains detected worldwide. The present study gives information about PSV circulation in intensive pig farms and highlights the need for further investigation. Abstract Porcine sapelovirus (PSV) belongs to the genus Sapelovirus of the family Picornaviridae. PSV infects pigs asymptomatically, but it can also cause severe neurologic, enteric, and respiratory symptoms or reproductive failure. Sapelovirus infections have been reported worldwide in pigs. The objective of this study was to investigate the presence and the prevalence of PSV in Italian swine farms in animals of different ages to clarify the occurrence of the infection and the genetic characteristics of circulating strains. In the present study, 92 pools of fecal samples, collected from pigs across three farms, were analyzed by Reverse Transcriptase-polymerase Chain Reaction-PCR (RT-PCR). Fecal pools from young growers (63/64) were found positive for Sapelovirus in all farms while detection in sows (4/28) was observed in only one farm. Phylogenetic analyses of the 19 partial capsid protein nucleotide sequences (VP1) (6–7 each farm) enable the classification of the virus sequences into three distinct clades and highlighted the high heterogeneity within one farm. The whole genome sequence obtained from one strain showed the highest correlation with the Italian strain detected in 2015. The study adds novel information about the circulation and heterogeneity of PSV strains in Italy and considering the movement of pigs across Europe would also be informative for other countries.
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10
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Abstract
Sapelovirus (SPV), an emerging virus in the family Picornaviridae, is detected in several animal and bird species irrespective of their age. Amid all SPVs, porcine sapeloviruses (PSVs) are more ubiquitously present all over the world in porcine population. These viruses are highly stable in different environmental conditions and spread easily within the susceptible animals mainly through faeco-oral route. Usually, PSVs cause asymptomatic infections but are also clinically associated with encephalomyelitis, respiratory distress, fertility disorders and skin lesions. PSV-associated outbreaks have been reported where death occurs due to polioencephalitis and respiratory paralysis. Till date, PSVs have been detected from several European and Asian countries with moderate-to-high prevalence and clinical course. Viral capsid proteins are immunogenic and mutations in these proteins are responsible for the diverse nature of the viruses. Further, genomic analysis shows the varied evolutionary patterns and the presence of recombination within PSV strains. These viruses also exist as concurrent infections with several enteric bacterial, viral and parasitic pathogens. Classical to modern biotechnological assays are in use to detect PSV involving virus isolation in cell culture, immunohistochemistry, conventional nucleic acid amplification techniques, quantitative real-time amplification assays and isothermal amplification molecular techniques. Till date, there is no vaccine available against PSVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashpal Singh Malik
- Biological Standardization, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Raj Kumar Singh
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Mahendra Pal Yadav
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture & Technology, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh India
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11
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Ray PK, Desingu PA, Anoopraj R, Singh RK, Saikumar G. Identification and genotypic characterization of porcine teschovirus from selected pig populations in India. Trop Anim Health Prod 2019; 52:1161-1166. [PMID: 31820308 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-019-02114-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Porcine teschovirus (PTV) previously classified as porcine enteroviruses in the family Picornaviridae are associated with a wide range of illnesses in swine ranging from asymptomatic infection to acute fatal encephalomyelitis, diarrhea, and pneumonia. This study was planned to investigate whether porcine teschovirus is prevalent among pigs in India and to characterize the PTV identified in the study population. The study conducted in certain farms of North India revealed that 13 of 190 (6.84%) fecal samples were PTV positive by RT-PCR. Three viruses were successfully isolated from fecal samples using IB-RS-2 cell lines which were confirmed by RT-PCR and sequencing. Molecular characterization based on the VP1 region of the viral genome identified the isolated viruses as serotype 5 and serotype 8 of PTV. A new variant of teschovirus was also identified which showed significant nucleotide diversity from the known serotypes of the teschoviruses. This is the first report of isolation, identification, and characterization of porcine teschoviruses in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep K Ray
- ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region, Patna, India.,Division of Pathology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - P A Desingu
- Division of Pathology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - R Anoopraj
- Division of Pathology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - R K Singh
- Division of Pathology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - G Saikumar
- Division of Pathology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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12
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Leme RA, Silva DR, Lorenzetti E, Moraes DA, Alfieri AF, Alfieri AA. Longitudinal survey of Teschovirus A, Sapelovirus A, and Enterovirus G fecal excretion in suckling and weaned pigs. Braz J Microbiol 2018; 50:321-327. [PMID: 30637635 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-018-0018-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Fecal samples from 27 pigs were longitudinally analyzed for Teschovirus A (TV-A), Sapelovirus A (SV-A), and Enterovirus G (EV-G) RNA presence. Suckling piglet fecal samples were negative for the three enteric picornaviruses. However, these picornaviruses were detected in 22/27 weaned pig fecal samples. This study provides new data on TV-A, SV-A, and EV-G infection dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel A Leme
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Laboratory of Animal Virology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid - Campus Universitário, PO Box 10011, Londrina, Paraná, 86057-970, Brazil.,Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Multi-User Animal Health Laboratory, Molecular Biology Unit, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Danilo R Silva
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Laboratory of Animal Virology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid - Campus Universitário, PO Box 10011, Londrina, Paraná, 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Elis Lorenzetti
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Laboratory of Animal Virology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid - Campus Universitário, PO Box 10011, Londrina, Paraná, 86057-970, Brazil.,Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Multi-User Animal Health Laboratory, Molecular Biology Unit, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Daniel A Moraes
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Laboratory of Animal Virology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid - Campus Universitário, PO Box 10011, Londrina, Paraná, 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Alice F Alfieri
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Laboratory of Animal Virology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid - Campus Universitário, PO Box 10011, Londrina, Paraná, 86057-970, Brazil.,Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Multi-User Animal Health Laboratory, Molecular Biology Unit, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Amauri A Alfieri
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Laboratory of Animal Virology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid - Campus Universitário, PO Box 10011, Londrina, Paraná, 86057-970, Brazil. .,Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Multi-User Animal Health Laboratory, Molecular Biology Unit, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
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13
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Oba M, Naoi Y, Ito M, Masuda T, Katayama Y, Sakaguchi S, Omatsu T, Furuya T, Yamasato H, Sunaga F, Makino S, Mizutani T, Nagai M. Metagenomic identification and sequence analysis of a Teschovirus A-related virus in porcine feces in Japan, 2014-2016. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2018; 66:210-216. [PMID: 30316885 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Porcine Teschoviruses (PTVs) are associated with polioencephalomyelitis and various diseases, including reproductive and gastrointestinal disorders, of pigs and wild boars, and are also detected in the feces of healthy pigs. The genus Teschovirus contains a single species Teschovirus A that currently includes 13 serotypes. In the present study, we identified novel PTVs that are distantly related to Teschovirus A and were found in fecal samples of pigs with or without diarrhea in Japan. Phylogenetic analysis of amino acid (aa) sequences of the complete coding region revealed that these newly identified viruses did not cluster with any strains of PTVs or other strains within the picornavirus supergroup 1, suggesting that the viruses may not belong to Teschovirus A or any genus of the family Picornaviridae. These novel PTVs share a type IV internal ribosomal entry site and conserved characteristic motifs in the coding region, yet exhibit 62.2-79.0%, 86.6-92.8%, 77.1-81.0%, and 84.3-86.7% aa identities to PTV strains in P1, 2C, 3C, and 3D regions, respectively. In contrast, PTV 1-13 strains of the Teschovirus A share 76.5-92.1%, 88.1-99.7%, 93.2-100%, and 95.8-100% aa identities in the P1, 2C, 3C, and 3D, respectively, within the species. These data imply that the newly identified viruses belong to teschoviruses, and may represent a novel species in the genus Teschovirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mami Oba
- Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Diseases of Animals, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Yuki Naoi
- Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Diseases of Animals, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Mika Ito
- Ishikawa Nanbu Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-3101, Japan
| | - Tsuneyuki Masuda
- Kurayoshi Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Kurayoshi, Tottori 683-0017, Japan
| | - Yukie Katayama
- Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Diseases of Animals, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Shoichi Sakaguchi
- Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Diseases of Animals, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Omatsu
- Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Diseases of Animals, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Furuya
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamasato
- Kurayoshi Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Kurayoshi, Tottori 683-0017, Japan
| | - Fujiko Sunaga
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - Shinji Makino
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, United States
| | - Tetsuya Mizutani
- Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Diseases of Animals, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.
| | - Makoto Nagai
- Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Diseases of Animals, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan; Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan.
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14
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Goecke NB, Hjulsager CK, Kongsted H, Boye M, Rasmussen S, Granberg F, Fischer TK, Midgley SE, Rasmussen LD, Angen Ø, Nielsen JP, Jorsal SE, Larsen LE. No evidence of enteric viral involvement in the new neonatal porcine diarrhoea syndrome in Danish pigs. BMC Vet Res 2017; 13:315. [PMID: 29115952 PMCID: PMC5678564 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-017-1239-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate whether the syndrome New Neonatal Porcine Diarrhoea Syndrome (NNPDS) is associated with a viral aetiology. Four well-managed herds experiencing neonatal diarrhoea and suspected to be affected by NNPDS were included in a case-control set up. A total of 989 piglets were clinically examined on a daily basis. Samples from diarrhoeic and non-diarrhoeic piglets at the age of three to seven days were selected for extensive virological examination using specific real time polymerase chain reactions (qPCRs) and general virus detection methods. RESULTS A total of 91.7% of the animals tested positive by reverse transcription qPCR (RT-qPCR) for porcine kobuvirus 1 (PKV-1) while 9% and 3% were found to be positive for rotavirus A and porcine teschovirus (PTV), respectively. The overall prevalence of porcine astrovirus (PAstV) was 75% with 69.8% of the PAstV positive pigs infected with PAstV type 3. No animals tested positive for rotavirus C, coronavirus (TGEV, PEDV and PRCV), sapovirus, enterovirus, parechovirus, saffoldvirus, cosavirus, klassevirus or porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2). Microarray analyses performed on a total of 18 animals were all negative, as were eight animals examined by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Using Next Generation de novo sequencing (de novo NGS) on pools of samples from case animals within all herds, PKV-1 was detected in four herds and rotavirus A, rotavirus C and PTV were detected in one herd each. CONCLUSIONS Our detailed analyses of piglets from NNPDS-affected herds demonstrated that viruses did not pose a significant contribution to NNPDS. However, further investigations are needed to investigate if a systemic virus infection plays a role in the pathogenesis of NNPDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- N B Goecke
- National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, Lyngby, DK-2800, Denmark.
| | - C K Hjulsager
- National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, Lyngby, DK-2800, Denmark
| | - H Kongsted
- Pig Research Centre, Danish Agriculture and Food Council, Vinkelvej 13, DK-8620, Kjellerup, Denmark
| | - M Boye
- National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, Lyngby, DK-2800, Denmark.,Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Gronnegaardsvej 15, DK-1870, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - S Rasmussen
- National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, Lyngby, DK-2800, Denmark
| | - F Granberg
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health (BVF), Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, Sweden
| | - T K Fischer
- Statens Serum Institut (SSI), Artillerivej 5, Copenhagen S, DK-2300, Denmark
| | - S E Midgley
- Statens Serum Institut (SSI), Artillerivej 5, Copenhagen S, DK-2300, Denmark
| | - L D Rasmussen
- Statens Serum Institut (SSI), Artillerivej 5, Copenhagen S, DK-2300, Denmark.,National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Lindholm, Kalvehave, DK-4771, Denmark
| | - Ø Angen
- National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, Lyngby, DK-2800, Denmark.,Statens Serum Institut (SSI), Artillerivej 5, Copenhagen S, DK-2300, Denmark
| | - J P Nielsen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Gronnegaardsvej 15, DK-1870, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - S E Jorsal
- National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, Lyngby, DK-2800, Denmark
| | - L E Larsen
- National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, Lyngby, DK-2800, Denmark
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15
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Bunke J, Receveur K, Oeser AC, Fickenscher H, Zell R, Krumbholz A. High genetic diversity of porcine enterovirus G in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. Arch Virol 2017; 163:489-493. [PMID: 29081014 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-017-3612-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Between 2012 and 2015, 495 pooled snout swabs from fattening pigs raised in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany, were screened for the presence of enterovirus G (EV-G) RNA. Nucleic acids were tested in diverse reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assays applying published oligonucleotide primers specific for the viral protein (VP) 1 and 2/4 encoding regions as well as for 3D polymerase. Phylogenetic analyses of VP1 revealed the presence of 12 EV-G types, three of which had highly divergent sequences suggesting putative new types. Co-circulation of EV-G types was observed in several pigsties. Thus, genetic diversity of EV-G was demonstrated in this small geographic area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Bunke
- Institut für Infektionsmedizin, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel und Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Brunswiker Straße 4, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Kerstin Receveur
- Institut für Infektionsmedizin, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel und Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Brunswiker Straße 4, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ann Christin Oeser
- Institut für Infektionsmedizin, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel und Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Brunswiker Straße 4, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Helmut Fickenscher
- Institut für Infektionsmedizin, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel und Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Brunswiker Straße 4, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Roland Zell
- Sektion für Experimentelle Virologie, Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Friedrich Schiller Universität Jena und Universitätsklinikum Jena, Hans-Knöll-Straße 2, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Andi Krumbholz
- Institut für Infektionsmedizin, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel und Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Brunswiker Straße 4, 24105, Kiel, Germany.
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16
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Cano-Gómez C, Fernández-Pinero J, García-Casado MA, Zell R, Jiménez-Clavero MA. Characterization of PTV-12, a newly described porcine teschovirus serotype: in vivo infection and cross-protection studies. J Gen Virol 2017; 98:1636-1645. [DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Cano-Gómez
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA)-INIA, Ctra Algete-El Casar s/n, 28130 Valdeolmos, Spain
| | - Jovita Fernández-Pinero
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA)-INIA, Ctra Algete-El Casar s/n, 28130 Valdeolmos, Spain
| | - María Ana García-Casado
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA)-INIA, Ctra Algete-El Casar s/n, 28130 Valdeolmos, Spain
| | - Roland Zell
- Department for Virology and Antiviral Therapy, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Hans-Knoell-Str 2, 07745 Jena, Germany
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17
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Vilar MJ, Peralta B, García-Bocanegra I, Simon-Grifé M, Bensaid A, Casal J, Segalés J, Pina-Pedrero S. Distribution and genetic characterization of Enterovirus G and Sapelovirus A in six Spanish swine herds. Virus Res 2016; 215:42-9. [PMID: 26836019 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2016.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of Enterovirus G (EV-G) and Sapelovirus A (PSV-1) was investigated in Spanish swine herds by means of cross-sectional studies. Faecal samples from clinically healthy pigs were collected from six farms, and analysed by RT-PCR. The results indicated a high prevalence of EV-G detected in nearly all the animals older than 3 weeks of age. Otherwise, PSV-1 was only detected in 3-week-old piglets from one of the farms. Genetic analyses performed in the VP1 region of the EV-G indicated circulation of diverse strains in the same farm, related to genotypes G1, G2, G3, G4, G6, G9, G12, G13 and G14. Moreover, co-infection of several PSV-1 variants in the same animal was evident, typical of viral quasispecies. Evolutionary pressure analysis indicated that microevolution of PSV-1 seems to be driven by negative selection. This study gives further insights in the epidemiology of EV-G and PSV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Vilar
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain; Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - B Peralta
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - I García-Bocanegra
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain; Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, UCO, Campus Universitarios de Rabanales, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - M Simon-Grifé
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - A Bensaid
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - J Casal
- UAB, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain; Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Segalés
- UAB, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain; Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Pina-Pedrero
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain.
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18
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Tsai ATH, Kuo CC, Kuo YC, Yang JL, Chang CY, Wang FI. The urinary shedding of porcine teschovirus in endemic field situations. Vet Microbiol 2016; 182:150-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2015.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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19
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Donin DG, Leme RDA, Alfieri AF, Alberton GC, Alfieri AA. Molecular survey of porcine teschovirus, porcine sapelovirus, and enterovirus G in captive wild boars (Sus scrofa scrofa) of Paraná state, Brazil. PESQUISA VETERINARIA BRASILEIRA 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-736x2015000500003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
AbstractPorcine teschovirus (PTV), porcine sapelovirus (PSV), and enterovirus G (EV-G) are infectious agents specific to pig host species that are endemically spread worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the natural infection by these porcine enteric picornaviruses in wild boars (Sus scrofa scrofa) of Paraná state, Brazil, and to evaluate peccaries (Pecari tajacu and Tayassu pecari) as alternative host species for these viruses. Fecal samples (n=36) from asymptomatic wild boars (n=22) with ages ranging from 2 to 7 months old (young, n=14) and 2 to 4 years old (adult, n=8) and from peccaries (6 to 8 months old, n=14) were collected from a farm and a zoo, respectively, both located in Paraná state. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and nested-PCR (n-PCR) assays targeting the 5'non-translated region of the virus genome were used for screening the viruses. Porcine enteric picornaviruses were detected in 12 out of the 22 wild boar fecal samples. According to each of the viruses, EV-G was most frequently (11/22, 50%) detected, followed by PTV (10/22, 45.5%) and PSV (4/22, 18.2%). Regarding the age groups, young wild boars were more frequently (9/14, 64.3%) infected with PTV, PSV, and EV-G than adult animals (3/8, 37.4%). One n-PCR amplified product for each of the viruses was submitted to sequencing analysis and the nucleotide sequences were compared with the related viruses, which showed similarities varying from 97.7% to 100% for PTV, 92.4% to 96.2% for PSV, and 87.1% to 100% for EV-G. Peccaries tested negative for the viruses and in this study they did not represent infection reservoirs. This study is the first to report the molecular detection of PTV, PSV, and EV-G from captive wild boars in a South American country and the first to screen peccaries as alternative host species for porcine enteric picornavirus.
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20
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Anbalagan S, Hesse RA, Hause BM. First identification and characterization of porcine enterovirus G in the United States. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97517. [PMID: 24824640 PMCID: PMC4019603 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine enterovirus G (EV-G) is a member of the family Picornavirdae, genus Enterovirus. To date, eleven EV-G types (EV-G1 through EV-G11) have been identified in pigs from Asia and Europe however they have never been reported in North America. In this study, we isolated and characterized the complete genome of NP/2013/USA, an EV-G from a porcine diarrhea sample from the United States. The complete genome consists of 7,390 nucleotides excluding the 3′ poly(A) tail, and has an open reading frame that encodes a 2,169 amino acid polyprotein. NP/2013/USA was most similar at the nucleotide (84%) and amino acid (95%) level to the HM131607, an EV-G1 type isolated from China in 2012.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Richard A. Hesse
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Ben M. Hause
- Newport Laboratories, Inc., Worthington, Minnesota, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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21
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Donin DG, de Arruda Leme R, Alfieri AF, Alberton GC, Alfieri AA. First report of Porcine teschovirus (PTV), Porcine sapelovirus (PSV) and Enterovirus G (EV-G) in pig herds of Brazil. Trop Anim Health Prod 2013; 46:523-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s11250-013-0523-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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22
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Van Dung N, Anh PH, Van Cuong N, Hoa NT, Carrique-Mas J, Hien VB, Campbell J, Baker S, Farrar J, Woolhouse ME, Bryant JE, Simmonds P. Prevalence, genetic diversity and recombination of species G enteroviruses infecting pigs in Vietnam. J Gen Virol 2013; 95:549-556. [PMID: 24323635 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.061978-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Picornaviruses infecting pigs, described for many years as 'porcine enteroviruses', have recently been recognized as distinct viruses within three distinct genera (Teschovirus, Sapelovirus and Enterovirus). To better characterize the epidemiology and genetic diversity of members of the Enterovirus genus, faecal samples from pigs from four provinces in Vietnam were screened by PCR using conserved enterovirus (EV)-specific primers from the 5' untranslated region (5' UTR). High rates of infection were recorded in pigs on all farms, with detection frequencies of approximately 90% in recently weaned pigs but declining to 40% in those aged over 1 year. No differences in EV detection rates were observed between pigs with and without diarrhoea [74% (n = 70) compared with 72% (n = 128)]. Genetic analysis of consensus VP4/VP2 and VP1 sequences amplified from a subset of EV-infected pigs identified species G EVs in all samples. Among these, VP1 sequence comparisons identified six type 1 and seven type 6 variants, while four further VP1 sequences failed to group with any previously identified EV-G types. These have now been formally assigned as EV-G types 8-11 by the Picornavirus Study Group. Comparison of VP1, VP4/VP2, 3D(pol) and 5' UTRs of study samples and those available on public databases showed frequent, bootstrap-supported differences in their phylogenies indicative of extensive within-species recombination between genome regions. In summary, we identified extremely high frequencies of infection with EV-G in pigs in Vietnam, substantial genetic diversity and recombination within the species, and evidence for a much larger number of circulating EV-G types than currently described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Van Dung
- Infection and Immunity Division, Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Pham Hong Anh
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, 764 Vo Van Kiet, W.1 Quan 5, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Van Cuong
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, 764 Vo Van Kiet, W.1 Quan 5, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Ngo Thi Hoa
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK.,Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, 764 Vo Van Kiet, W.1 Quan 5, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Juan Carrique-Mas
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, 764 Vo Van Kiet, W.1 Quan 5, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Vo Be Hien
- Subdepartment of Animal Health, Dong Thap Province, Vietnam
| | - James Campbell
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, 764 Vo Van Kiet, W.1 Quan 5, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Stephen Baker
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel St, Bloomsbury, London WC1E 7HT, UK.,Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK.,Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, 764 Vo Van Kiet, W.1 Quan 5, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Jeremy Farrar
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, 764 Vo Van Kiet, W.1 Quan 5, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Mark E Woolhouse
- Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, University of Edinburgh, Ashworth Laboratories, Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, UK
| | - Juliet E Bryant
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK.,Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, 764 Vo Van Kiet, W.1 Quan 5, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Peter Simmonds
- Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, University of Edinburgh, Ashworth Laboratories, Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, UK.,Infection and Immunity Division, Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, UK
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23
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Yamada M, Miyazaki A, Yamamoto Y, Nakamura K, Ito M, Tsunemitsu H, Narita M. Experimental teschovirus encephalomyelitis in gnotobiotic pigs. J Comp Pathol 2013; 150:276-86. [PMID: 24650890 PMCID: PMC7173091 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2013.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Revised: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A central nervous system (CNS) disorder characterized by non-suppurative encephalomyelitis with neurological signs was induced experimentally in gnotobiotic pigs by intravenous and oral or intranasal inoculation of the porcine teschovirus (PTV) Toyama 2002 strain isolated from breeding pigs in Japan. Lesions consisting of perivascular cuffing of mononuclear cells, focal gliosis, neuronal necrosis and neuronophagia were observed in the brainstem, cerebellum and spinal cord. Non-suppurative ganglionitis in the spinal ganglion and neuritis in the spinal root were also observed. Regardless of the route of inoculation, all pigs infected experimentally with PTV showed a similar distribution of CNS lesions. Histological lesions in the CNS caused by oral or intranasal inoculation of the virus were mild compared with those induced by intravenous infection. Immunohistochemically, the distribution of PTV antigens corresponded closely with the distribution of brain lesions. PTV particles were detected via electron microscopy in the cytoplasm of nerve cells and the endothelial cells of blood vessels in the spinal cord of inoculated pigs. Polymerase chain reaction analysis demonstrated the presence of PTV RNA in the CNS, tonsils and large intestines of 21 of the 22 pigs inoculated. Direct CNS invasion via the blood vessels appears to be a major route of infection for PTV. The gnotobiotic pig provides a useful model for further study of PTV pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Yamada
- National Institute of Animal Health, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan.
| | - A Miyazaki
- National Institute of Animal Health, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan
| | - Y Yamamoto
- National Institute of Animal Health, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan
| | - K Nakamura
- National Institute of Animal Health, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan
| | - M Ito
- Tokachi Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Obihiro, Hokkaido 089-1182, Japan
| | - H Tsunemitsu
- National Institute of Animal Health, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan
| | - M Narita
- National Institute of Animal Health, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan
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24
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Cano-Gómez C, García-Casado MA, Soriguer R, Palero F, Jiménez-Clavero MA. Teschoviruses and sapeloviruses in faecal samples from wild boar in Spain. Vet Microbiol 2013; 165:115-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2012.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2012] [Revised: 11/17/2012] [Accepted: 11/19/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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25
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Chiu SC, Hu SC, Chang CC, Chang CY, Huang CC, Pang VF, Wang FI. The role of porcine teschovirus in causing diseases in endemically infected pigs. Vet Microbiol 2012; 161:88-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2012.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2012] [Revised: 07/11/2012] [Accepted: 07/19/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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26
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Prodělalová J. The survey of porcine teschoviruses, sapeloviruses and enteroviruses B infecting domestic pigs and wild boars in the Czech Republic between 2005 and 2011. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2012; 12:1447-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2012.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2012] [Revised: 04/19/2012] [Accepted: 04/25/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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27
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Boros Á, Nemes C, Pankovics P, Kapusinszky B, Delwart E, Reuter G. Porcine teschovirus in wild boars in Hungary. Arch Virol 2012; 157:1573-8. [PMID: 22569887 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-012-1327-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2012] [Accepted: 03/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The genus Teschovirus, family Picornaviridae, currently includes 12 serotypes (PTV 1 to 12) isolated from swine. PTVs have been well studied in domestic pigs, but knowledge about PTVs in wild boars is deficient. Here, we report the first complete PTV genome sequence from 7 (70 %) of 10 fecal samples of wild boar piglets (Sus scrofa) by RT-PCR and pyrosequencing. Analysis of the wild boar PTV strain WB2C-TV/2011/HUN (JQ429405) showed considerable difference, especially in VP1 (66-74 % amino acid identity) compared to the available PTVs. PTV is present in wild boars, and WB2C-TV/2011/HUN represents a novel PTV genotype, provisionally named PTV-13.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ákos Boros
- Regional Laboratory of Virology, National Reference Laboratory of Gastroenteric Viruses, ÁNTSZ Regional Institute of State Public Health Service, Szabadság út 7, 7623 Pécs, Hungary
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28
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Cano-Gómez C, Palero F, Buitrago MD, García-Casado MA, Fernández-Pinero J, Fernández-Pacheco P, Agüero M, Gómez-Tejedor C, Jiménez-Clavero MÁ. Analyzing the genetic diversity of teschoviruses in Spanish pig populations using complete VP1 sequences. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2011; 11:2144-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2011.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2011] [Revised: 09/15/2011] [Accepted: 09/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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29
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Boros Á, Pankovics P, Reuter G. Characterization of a novel porcine enterovirus in domestic pig in Hungary. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2011; 11:1096-102. [PMID: 21504800 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2011.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2010] [Revised: 03/30/2011] [Accepted: 04/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Porcine enteroviruses (PEVs) of genus Enterovirus are small, non-enveloped viruses with single-stranded, positive sense genomic RNA, belonging to the family Picornaviridae. The discovery of two distinct serotypes (PEV9 and 10) was first reported in 1979. Despite the sporadic detection and partial genome sequences of these viruses our knowledge about the prevalence and molecular epidemiology of PEV types in domestic pigs is very deficient. In this study, we identified a novel PEV from fecal samples of clinically healthy pigs (Sus scrofa domestica) in Hungary by RT-PCR using human enterovirus generic primer pairs for 5'UTR region, with subsequent partial VP1 and complete genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Among 45 fecal and blood sample pairs collected at the same farm from domestic pigs divided into three age groups (10 days, 4 weeks, and 3 months of age, N = 15 each group) six (40%) of the 15 fecal samples of 10-day-old pigs were enterovirus-positive. PEV was not detected in serum samples. Sequence- and phylogenetic analysis of the complete genome of swine/K23/2008/HUN (HQ702854) show relationship to PEV strains but it is separated from the PEV9 and 10, especially in structural regions. Swine/K23/2008/HUN has average of 77 and 75% amino acid identity in the P1 region, and only 61% in VP1 region to PEV9 and 10, respectively. The partial VP1 sequences of the Hungarian PEV strains show 99% nucleotide identity compared to each other. PEVs could be capable of at least local endemic spread among newborn piglets and cause no clinical symptoms or viraemia. Sequence data indicates that the Hungarian PEV strain belongs to a novel PEV. To clarify the taxonomic confusion related to PEV--as a consequence of recent extensive taxonomic changes among porcine enteric picornaviruses--we propose that PEV9 and PEV10 should be reclassified as PEV1 and PEV2. In this classification swine/K23/2008/HUN represents PEV3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ákos Boros
- Regional Laboratory of Virology, National Reference Laboratory of Gastroenteric Viruses, ÁNTSZ Regional Institute of State Public Health Service, Pécs, Hungary
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30
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Wang B, Tian ZJ, Gong DQ, Li DY, Wang Y, Chen JZ, An TQ, Peng JM, Tong GZ. Isolation of serotype 2 porcine teschovirus in China: Evidence of natural recombination. Vet Microbiol 2010; 146:138-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2010.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2010] [Revised: 04/16/2010] [Accepted: 05/03/2010] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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31
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Sozzi E, Barbieri I, Lavazza A, Lelli D, Moreno A, Canelli E, Bugnetti M, Cordioli P. Molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of VP1 of porcine enteric picornaviruses isolates in Italy. Transbound Emerg Dis 2010; 57:434-42. [PMID: 21040508 DOI: 10.1111/j.1865-1682.2010.01170.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Porcine enterovirus (PEV), Porcine Teschovirus and Porcine sapelovirus, belonging to the family Picornaviridae, are ubiquitous and mainly cause asymptomatic infections in pigs. In this study, a total of 40 Italian porcine picornavirus isolates were characterized by sequencing the capsid VP1-encoding gene. This procedure turned out to be a useful diagnostic tool for the molecular identification of porcine enterovirus, teschovirus and sapelovirus strains and for the study of molecular epidemiology and evolution of these viruses confirming the possibility of correlating virus genotype to serotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Sozzi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna 'B. Ubertini', Brescia, Italy.
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32
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Buitrago D, Cano-Gómez C, Agüero M, Fernandez-Pacheco P, Gómez-Tejedor C, Jiménez-Clavero MÁ. A Survey of Porcine Picornaviruses and Adenoviruses in Fecal Samples in Spain. J Vet Diagn Invest 2010; 22:763-6. [DOI: 10.1177/104063871002200519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In the course of an epidemiologic surveillance program for swine diseases carried out in Spain, 206 cytopathic viruses were isolated from 600 porcine fecal samples between 2004 and 2005. The virus isolates were examined using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) methods specific for different types of porcine picornaviruses, including members of the Teschovirus, Enterovirus, and Sapelovirus genera, and PCR for porcine adenoviruses. Of the 206 isolates, 97 (47%) were identified as teschoviruses, 18 (9%) as sapeloviruses, and 7 (3%) as porcine adenoviruses. Neither Porcine enterovirus B nor Swine vesicular disease virus was found among the isolates. The present study confirms that teschoviruses are highly prevalent in porcine fecal samples, at least in Spain. It also reveals that these viruses commonly circulate among apparently healthy pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolores Buitrago
- Laboratorio Central de Veterinaria, Algete, Spain (Buitrago, Agüero, Gómez-Tejedor)
| | - Cristina Cano-Gómez
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal, Valdeolmos, Spain (Cano-Gómez, Fernandez-Pacheco, Jiménez-Clavero)
| | - Montserrat Agüero
- Laboratorio Central de Veterinaria, Algete, Spain (Buitrago, Agüero, Gómez-Tejedor)
| | - Paloma Fernandez-Pacheco
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal, Valdeolmos, Spain (Cano-Gómez, Fernandez-Pacheco, Jiménez-Clavero)
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33
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Bangari DS, Pogranichniy RM, Gillespie T, Stevenson GW. Genotyping of Porcine Teschovirus from Nervous Tissue of Pigs with and without Polioencephalomyelitis in Indiana. J Vet Diagn Invest 2010; 22:594-7. [PMID: 20622231 DOI: 10.1177/104063871002200415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine teschovirus (PTV) was isolated in cell culture and/or demonstrated by polymerase chain reaction in samples of brain and/or spinal cord in pigs in Indiana during the 2002–2007 period. Testing was initiated on pigs originating from populations exhibiting nervous clinical disease and/or pigs with microscopic lesions in central nervous tissues, indicating viral encephalitis and/or myelitis. Virus was demonstrated in pigs with and without lesions as well as with and without nervous clinical disease. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the 5′-nontranslated region of the viral genome revealed that these isolates had low-level genetic heterogeneity but were homologous to porcine PTV serotype 1 (PTV-1). These findings indicate that low-to-moderate virulence strains of PTV with some homology to PTV-1 are endemic in many swineherds of Indiana and are associated with subclinical and clinical nervous disease in weaned pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh S. Bangari
- Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | - Roman M. Pogranichniy
- Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | - Tom Gillespie
- Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | - Gregory W. Stevenson
- Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
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34
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Pathological Changes in Pigs Experimentally Infected with Porcine Teschovirus. J Comp Pathol 2009; 141:223-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2009.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2008] [Revised: 05/06/2009] [Accepted: 05/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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35
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YAMADA M, KOZAKURA R, KAKU Y, NAKAMURA K, YAMAMOTO Y, YOSHII M, MIYAZAKI A, TSUNEMITSU H, NARITA M. Immunohistochemical Distribution of Viral Antigens in Pigs Naturally Infected with Porcine Teschovirus. J Vet Med Sci 2008; 70:305-8. [DOI: 10.1292/jvms.70.305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yoshihiro KAKU
- National Institute of Animal Health
- National Institute of Infectious Disease
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36
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Yamada M, Kaku Y, Nakamura K, Yoshii M, Yamamoto Y, Miyazaki A, Tsunemitsu H, Narita M. Immunohistochemical Detection of Porcine Teschovirus Antigen in the Formalin-fixed Paraffin-embedded Specimens from Pigs Experimentally Infected with Porcine Teschovirus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 54:571-4. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0442.2007.00974.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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