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Minassa VS, Aitken AV, Hott SC, de Sousa GJ, Batista TJ, Gonçalves RDCR, Coitinho JB, Paton JFR, Beijamini V, Bissoli NS, Sampaio KN. Intermittent exposure to chlorpyrifos results in cardiac hypertrophy and oxidative stress in rats. Toxicology 2022; 482:153357. [PMID: 36341877 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2022.153357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Forbidden in some countries due to its proven toxicity to humans, chlorpyrifos (CPF) still stands as an organophosphate pesticide (OP) highly used worldwide. Cardiotoxicity assessment is an unmet need in pesticide regulation and should be deeply studied through different approaches to better inform and generate an appropriate regulatory response to OP use. In the present study, we used our 4-week intermittent OP exposure model in rats to address the CPF effects on cardiac morphology allied with cardiovascular functional and biomolecular evaluation. Rats were intermittently treated with CPF at doses of 7 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg or saline (i.p.) and assessed for cardiac morphology (cardiomyocyte diameter and collagen content), cardiopulmonary Bezold-Jarisch reflex (BJR) function, cardiac autonomic tone, left ventricle (LV) contractility, cardiac expression of NADPH oxidase (Nox2), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) and cardiac levels of advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). Plasma butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) and brainstem acetylcholinesterase (AChE) were also measured. Intermittent exposure to CPF induced cardiac hypertrophy, increasing cardiomyocyte diameter and collagen content. An impairment of cardioinhibitory BJR responses and an increase in cardiac vagal tone were also observed in CPF-treated animals without changes in LV contractility. CPF exposure increased cardiac Nox-2, CAT, SOD1, and TBARS levels and inhibited plasma BuChE and brainstem AChE activities. Our data showed that intermittent exposure to CPF induces cardiac hypertrophy together with cardiovascular reflex impairment, imbalance of autonomic tone and oxidative stress, which may bring significant cardiovascular risk to individuals exposed to OP compounds seasonally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vítor Sampaio Minassa
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Andrew Vieira Aitken
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Sara Cristina Hott
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Glauciene Januário de Sousa
- Postgraduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Thatiany Jardim Batista
- Postgraduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Rita de Cássia Ribeiro Gonçalves
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Juliana Barbosa Coitinho
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Julian Francis Richmond Paton
- The Centre for Heart Research - Manaaki Mānawa, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Grafton Campus, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Vanessa Beijamini
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Nazaré Souza Bissoli
- Postgraduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Karla Nívea Sampaio
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil.
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El-Mas MM, Abdel-Rahman AA. Cardiovascular autonomic modulation by nitric oxide synthases accounts for the augmented enalapril-evoked hypotension in ethanol-fed female rats. Alcohol 2013; 47:339-46. [PMID: 23683529 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2013.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Revised: 01/30/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the role of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) isoforms in the enhanced enalapril-evoked hypotension in ethanol-fed female rats by examining the effect of the selective inhibitors of eNOS [N(5)-(1-iminoethyl)-l-ornithine; l-NIO], nNOS (N(ω)-propyl-l-arginine; NPLA), or iNOS (1400W) inhibition on the cardiovascular effects of enalapril in ethanol- (5% w/v) fed rats and in their pair-fed controls. In liquid diet-fed control rats, enalapril- (10 mg/kg) evoked hypotension was abolished by l-NIO (20 mg/kg), but not by NPLA (1 mg/kg) or 1400W (5 mg/kg), suggesting a preferential role for eNOS in this response. Enalapril had no effect on spectral indices of hemodynamic variability or +dP/dtmax (myocardial contractility). However, in ethanol-fed rats, the greater enalapril-evoked hypotension was associated with reductions in (i) +dP/dtmax, (ii) low-frequency/high-frequency ratio of interbeat intervals (IBILF/HF), suggesting cardiac parasympathetic dominance, and (iii) low-frequency spectral band of systolic blood pressure (BP), a marker of vasomotor sympathetic tone. While NPLA or 1400W attenuated the enalapril-evoked hemodynamic and autonomic responses in ethanol-fed rats, l-NIO virtually abolished the hypotensive response and was more efficacious in rectifying autonomic responses to enalapril. Together, these findings implicate NOS isoforms, particularly eNOS, in the altered cardiovascular autonomic control that leads to the augmented enalapril-evoked hypotension in ethanol-fed female rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud M El-Mas
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
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Franquni JVM, do Nascimento AM, de Lima EM, Brasil GA, Heringer OA, Cassaro KODS, da Cunha TVP, Musso C, Silva Santos MCLF, Kalil IC, Endringer DC, Boëchat GAP, Bissoli NS, de Andrade TU. Nandrolone decanoate determines cardiac remodelling and injury by an imbalance in cardiac inflammatory cytokines and ACE activity, blunting of the Bezold-Jarisch reflex, resulting in the development of hypertension. Steroids 2013; 78:379-85. [PMID: 23287648 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2012.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2012] [Revised: 11/27/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to evaluate the effects of nandrolone (ND) on cardiac inflammatory cytokines, ACE activity, troponin I, and the sensitivity of the Bezold-Jarisch reflex (BJR). Male Wistar rats were administered either ND (20 mg/kg; DECA) or vehicle (control animals; CONT) for 4 weeks. BJR was analyzed by measuring the bradycardia and hypotension responses elicited by serotonin administration (2-32 μg/kg). Mean arterial pressure (MAP) was assessed and myocyte hypertrophy was determined by the heart weight/body weight ratio and by morphometric analysis. Matrix collagen deposition was assessed by histological analysis of the picrosirius red-stained samples. Mesenteric vascular reactivity was performed and central venous pressure (CVP) evaluated. Cardiac inflammatory cytokine levels and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity were studied as well the biomarker of cardiac lesion, troponin I. DECA group showed enhancement of matrix type I collagen deposition (p < 0.01) and cardiac ACE activity (p < 0.01) compared with the CONT. Interleukin (IL)-10 was reduced (p < 0.01) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6; p < 0.01) were increased in the DECA group compared with CONT. Cardiac injury was observed in the DECA group shown by the reduction in cardiac troponin I (p < 0.01) compared with the CONT group. Animals in the DECA group also developed myocyte hypertrophy and reduction of BJR sensitivity. The MAP of animals treated with ND reached hypertensive levels (p < 0.01; compared with CONT). No changes in CVP and vascular reactivity were observed in both experimental groups. We conclude that high doses of ND elicit cardiotoxic effects with cardiac remodelling and injury. Cardiac changes reduce the BJR sensitivity. Together, these abnormalities contributed to the development of hypertension in animals in the DECA group.
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Sabino JPJ, da Silva CAA, de Melo RF, Fazan R, Salgado HC. The treatment with pyridostigmine improves the cardiocirculatory function in rats with chronic heart failure. Auton Neurosci 2013; 173:58-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2012.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Revised: 10/26/2012] [Accepted: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Uggere de Andrade T, Loiola LZ, Alcure SMN, Medeiros ARS, Santos MCLFS, Moysés MR, Abreu GRD, Lenz D, Bissoli NS. Role of the renin–angiotensin system in the nandrolone-decanoate-induced attenuation of the Bezold–Jarisch reflex. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2011; 89:891-7. [DOI: 10.1139/y11-090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The androgen nandrolone decanoate (ND) is known to cause cardiovascular abnormalities, such as attenuation of the Bezold–Jarisch Reflex (BJR), cardiac hypertrophy, and elevation of mean arterial pressure (MAP). Futhermore, a relationship between androgens and the renin–angiotensin system (RAS) has been reported. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of RAS on the BJR, cardiac and prostatic hypertrophy, and MAP evoked by ND. For this, male Wistar rats were treated with ND (10 mg·(kg body mass)–1 for 8 weeks; DECA), or vehicle (control animals; CON), or enalapril (10 mg·(kg body mass)–1, daily; CONE), or ND and enalapril (10 mg ND + 10 mg enalapril per kilogram of body mass; DECAE). After 8 weeks of treatment, the BJR was evaluated by bradycardia and hypotensive responses that were elicited by serotonin administration (2–32 µg·(kg body mass)–1). MAP was assessed; cardiac and prostate hypertrophy were determined by the ratio of the tissue mass:body mass, and by histological analysis of the heart. Animals from the DECA group showed prostatic and cardiac hypertrophy, elevation in mean arterial pressure, and an impairment of BJR. Co-treatment with enalapril inhibited these changes. The data from the present study suggest that RAS has an impact on BJR attenuation, cardiac and prostatic hypertrophy, and the elevation in MAP evoked by ND.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leonardo Zanoteli Loiola
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Avenida Marechal Campos, 1468, Vitória, ES 29042-755, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Raquel Santos Medeiros
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Avenida Marechal Campos, 1468, Vitória, ES 29042-755, Brazil
| | | | - Margareth Ribeiro Moysés
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Avenida Marechal Campos, 1468, Vitória, ES 29042-755, Brazil
| | - Gláucia Rodrigues de Abreu
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Avenida Marechal Campos, 1468, Vitória, ES 29042-755, Brazil
| | - Dominik Lenz
- Department of Pharmacy, University Center of Vila Velha, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Nazaré Souza Bissoli
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Avenida Marechal Campos, 1468, Vitória, ES 29042-755, Brazil
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de Moura MM, dos Santos RAS, Campagnole-Santos MJ, Todiras M, Bader M, Alenina N, Haibara AS. Altered cardiovascular reflexes responses in conscious Angiotensin-(1-7) receptor Mas-knockout mice. Peptides 2010; 31:1934-9. [PMID: 20603170 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2010.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2010] [Revised: 06/23/2010] [Accepted: 06/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the physiological importance of Angiotensin-(1-7) receptor Mas on reflex control of circulation. Experiments were performed in male Mas-knockout (Mas-KO) and Wild Type (WT) conscious mice (12-20 wk of age). Baroreceptor reflex was evaluated by the bradycardic response induced by phenylephrine (0.25 μg/5 μl, i.v.). Bezold-Jarisch reflex was evaluated by phenylbiguanide (0.5 μg/5 μl, i.v.) and chemoreflex by potassium cyanide (2.5 μg/5 μl, i.v.). Baseline mean arterial pressure was higher in Mas-KO (n=14) as compared with WT mice (n=18) (118±1 mmHg vs. 109±2 mmHg); however, heart rate was similar in both strains (615±30 bpm vs. 648±13 bpm). Baroreflex bradycardia was lower (0.78±0.44 ms/mmHg vs. 1.30±0.14 ms/mmHg) in Mas-KO compared with WT mice. The depressor (-17±5 mmHg vs. -45±6 mmHg) and bradycardic (-212±36 bpm vs. -391±29 bpm) components of the Bezold-Jarisch reflex were also lower in Mas-KO mice. In addition, chemoreflex pressor response (+20±3 mmHg vs. +12±0.8 mmHg) and bradycardic response (-250±74 bpm vs. -52±26 bpm) were significantly higher in Mas-KO. These results further advances previous studies by showing that the lack of Mas receptor induced important imbalance in the neural control of blood pressure, altering not only the baroreflex but also the chemo- and Bezold-Jarisch reflexes.
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