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Ma X, Liu Y, Han F, Cheng T, Wang K, Xu Y. Effect of short-term moderate intake of ice wine on hepatic glycolipid metabolism in C57BL/6J mice. Food Funct 2024; 15:5063-5072. [PMID: 38656306 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo05665a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
As the correlation between high fructose intake and metabolism-related diseases (e.g., obesity, fatty liver, and type 2 diabetes) has been increasingly reported, the health benefits of consuming ice wine high in fructose have been called into question. In this study, 6-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were divided into control (pure water), fructose (130 g L-1 fructose solution), alcohol (11% alcohol solution), low-dose (50% diluted ice wine) and high-dose ice wine (100% ice wine) groups to investigate the effects and mechanisms of short-term (4 weeks) ice wine intake on hepatic glycolipid metabolism in mice. The results showed that short-term consumption of ice wine suppressed the elevation of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol content and did not cause hepatic lipid accumulation compared with those of the fructose group. Meanwhile, ice wine had no significant effect on lipogenesis although it inhibited fatty acid oxidation via the PPARα/CPT-1α pathway. Compared with the control group, ice wine interfered with the elevation of fasting glucose and the insulin resistance index in a dose-dependent manner, and led to an increase in plasma uric acid levels, which may further contribute to the disruption of glucolipid metabolism. Overall, short-term moderate intake of ice wine over a 4-week period may not significantly affect hepatic glycolipid metabolism in C57BL/6J mice for the time being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyuan Ma
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Fuliang Han
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Viti-Viniculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
- Heyang Experimental Demonstration Station, Northwest A&F University, Weinan 715300, China
- Ningxia Helan Mountain's East Foothill Wine Experiment and Demonstration Station, Northwest A&F University, Yongning 750104, China
| | - Tiantian Cheng
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Kaixian Wang
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Yiwen Xu
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
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Lee B, An HJ, Kim DH, Lee MK, Jeong HH, Chung KW, Go Y, Seo AY, Kim IY, Seong JK, Yu BP, Lee J, Im E, Lee IK, Lee MS, Yamada KI, Chung HY. SMP30-mediated synthesis of vitamin C activates the liver PPARα/FGF21 axis to regulate thermogenesis in mice. Exp Mol Med 2022; 54:2036-2046. [PMID: 36434042 PMCID: PMC9723126 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-022-00888-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The vitamin-C-synthesizing enzyme senescent marker protein 30 (SMP30) is a cold resistance gene in Drosophila, and vitamin C concentration increases in brown adipose tissue post-cold exposure. However, the roles of SMP30 in thermogenesis are unknown. Here, we tested the molecular mechanism of thermogenesis using wild-type (WT) and vitamin C-deficient SMP30-knockout (KO) mice. SMP30-KO mice gained more weight than WT mice without a change in food intake in response to short-term high-fat diet feeding. Indirect calorimetry and cold-challenge experiments indicated that energy expenditure is lower in SMP30-KO mice, which is associated with decreased thermogenesis in adipose tissues. Therefore, SMP30-KO mice do not lose weight during cold exposure, whereas WT mice lose weight markedly. Mechanistically, the levels of serum FGF21 were notably lower in SMP30-KO mice, and vitamin C supplementation in SMP30-KO mice recovered FGF21 expression and thermogenesis, with a marked reduction in body weight during cold exposure. Further experiments revealed that vitamin C activates PPARα to upregulate FGF21. Our findings demonstrate that SMP30-mediated synthesis of vitamin C activates the PPARα/FGF21 axis, contributing to the maintenance of thermogenesis in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonggi Lee
- grid.412576.30000 0001 0719 8994Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, Daeyeon-dong, Nam-gu, Busan, South Korea
| | - Hye Jin An
- grid.262229.f0000 0001 0719 8572Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241 South Korea
| | - Dae Hyun Kim
- grid.262229.f0000 0001 0719 8572Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241 South Korea ,grid.262229.f0000 0001 0719 8572Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Ageing Intervention (MRCA), Pusan National University, Busan, 46241 South Korea
| | - Min-Kyeong Lee
- grid.412576.30000 0001 0719 8994Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, Daeyeon-dong, Nam-gu, Busan, South Korea
| | - Hyeon Hak Jeong
- grid.412576.30000 0001 0719 8994Department of Smart Green Technology Engineering, Pukyong National University, Daeyeon-dong, Nam-gu, Busan, 48513 South Korea
| | - Ki Wung Chung
- grid.262229.f0000 0001 0719 8572Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241 South Korea
| | - Younghoon Go
- grid.418980.c0000 0000 8749 5149Korean Medicine Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Arnold Y. Seo
- grid.443970.dJanelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA USA
| | - Il Yong Kim
- grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 Plus Program for Creative Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea ,grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Je Kyung Seong
- grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 Plus Program for Creative Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea ,grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea ,grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Interdisciplinary Program for Bioinformatics, Program for Cancer Biology and BIO-MAX Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Byung Pal Yu
- grid.267309.90000 0001 0629 5880Department of Physiology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX USA
| | - Jaewon Lee
- grid.262229.f0000 0001 0719 8572Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241 South Korea ,grid.262229.f0000 0001 0719 8572Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Ageing Intervention (MRCA), Pusan National University, Busan, 46241 South Korea
| | - Eunok Im
- grid.262229.f0000 0001 0719 8572Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241 South Korea ,grid.262229.f0000 0001 0719 8572Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Ageing Intervention (MRCA), Pusan National University, Busan, 46241 South Korea
| | - In-Kyu Lee
- grid.258803.40000 0001 0661 1556Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Myung-Shik Lee
- grid.15444.300000 0004 0470 5454Severance Biomedical Science Institute and Department of Internal Medicine Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ken-ichi Yamada
- grid.177174.30000 0001 2242 4849Department of Bio-functional Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hae Young Chung
- grid.262229.f0000 0001 0719 8572Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241 South Korea ,grid.262229.f0000 0001 0719 8572Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Ageing Intervention (MRCA), Pusan National University, Busan, 46241 South Korea
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Ascorbate Is a Primary Antioxidant in Mammals. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196187. [PMID: 36234722 PMCID: PMC9572970 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ascorbate (vitamin C in primates) functions as a cofactor for a number of enzymatic reactions represented by prolyl hydroxylases and as an antioxidant due to its ability to donate electrons, which is mostly accomplished through non-enzymatic reaction in mammals. Ascorbate directly reacts with radical species and is converted to ascorbyl radical followed by dehydroascorbate. Ambiguities in physiological relevance of ascorbate observed during in vivo situations could be attributed in part to presence of other redox systems and the pro-oxidant properties of ascorbate. Most mammals are able to synthesize ascorbate from glucose, which is also considered to be an obstacle to verify its action. In addition to animals with natural deficiency in the ascorbate synthesis, such as guinea pigs and ODS rats, three strains of mice with genetic removal of the responsive genes (GULO, RGN, or AKR1A) for the ascorbate synthesis have been established and are being used to investigate the physiological roles of ascorbate. Studies using these mice, along with ascorbate transporter (SVCT)-deficient mice, largely support its ability in protection against oxidative insults. While combined actions of ascorbate in regulating epigenetics and antioxidation appear to effectively prevent cancer development, pharmacological doses of ascorbate and dehydroascorbate may exert tumoricidal activity through redox-dependent mechanisms.
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Baek SM, Lee SW, Lee YJ, Kim HY, Seo MS, Sung SE, Lee AR, Kim TU, Choi SK, Park SJ, Kim TH, Jeong KS, Park JK. Vitamin C alleviates alcoholic liver injury by suppressing neutrophil infiltration in senescence marker protein 30-knockout mice irrespective of its antioxidant effects. Life Sci 2021; 297:120228. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Senescence Marker Protein 30 (SMP30): A Novel Pan-Species Diagnostic Marker for the Histopathological Diagnosis of Breast Cancer in Humans and Animals. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052340. [PMID: 33652881 PMCID: PMC7956281 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Senescence marker protein 30 (SMP30) is a cell survival factor playing an important role in vitamin C synthesis and antiapoptosis. Moreover, its cytoprotective role suggests a possibility to be related to cancer cell survival. Mammary carcinoma is a common cancer in both humans and animals. Because of its histopathological diversity, especially in the early stage, histopathological diagnosis may be complicated; therefore, a diagnostic marker is helpful for confirmation. The present study analyzed the expression pattern of SMP30 in mammary carcinoma in humans, dogs, and cats. Immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and western blot analysis were used to investigate SMP30 expression patterns. The expression was specifically observed in neoplastic glandular epithelial cells. The expression increased with the malignancy of glandular epithelial cells with a highly proliferative status. However, SMP30 expression was low in normal mammary gland tissues or well-differentiated adenoma tissues. The patterns were consistently reproduced in canine primary mammary carcinoma cells and MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 human carcinoma cell lines. This study provides useful information to understand SMP30 expression in various stages of mammary carcinoma and to suggest its utility as a pan-species diagnostic marker, thereby helping to establish strategies for diagnosing mammary carcinoma in several species.
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Son YS, Ullah HMA, Elfadl AK, Chung MJ, Ghim SG, Kim YD, Lee EJ, Kang KK, Jeong KS. Preventive Effects of Vitamin C on Diethylnitrosamine-induced Hepatotoxicity in Smp30 Knockout Mice. In Vivo 2018; 32:93-99. [PMID: 29275304 PMCID: PMC5892647 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid) is well known as a free radical scavenger that protects cells against damage from oxidative stress. Herein, we investigated the effects of vitamin C against diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced hepatotoxicity. Male wild-type (C57BL/6) and senescence marker protein-30 (Smp30) knockout (KO) mice were used and divided in the following four groups: WT group (n=15): Wild-type (WT) mice fed vitamin C-free diet with tap water; WV group (n=14): WT mice fed vitamin C-free diet with water supplemented with 1.5 g/kg vitamin C; KT group (n=12): Smp30 KO mice fed vitamin C-free diet with tap water; and KV group (n=13): Smp30 KO mice fed vitamin C-free diet with water supplemented with 1.5 g/kg vitamin C. A single intraperitoneal injection of DEN (5 mg/kg body weight) was injected in the second week during the experimental period. Mice were sacrificed after 17 weeks of treatment to investigate the effect of dietary vitamin C on DEN-induced hepatotoxicity. The results showed that vitamin C significantly increased the mean lifespan (p<0.05) in the WT, WV and KV groups compared with the KT group. The serum concentrations of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase did not significantly differ among groups. The WT group exhibited significantly more acute cellular swelling accompanied by centrilobular necrosis, focal lymphocyte infiltration, and eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies as compared with the WV and KV groups, suggesting that vitamin C had a hepatoprotective effect. Dysplastic, large, and binucleated hepatocytes were also observed in the WT group, but these pathological signs were absent from the WV and KV groups. Our experimental evidence suggests that vitamin C supplementation in Smp30 KO mice was effective for the treatment of DEN-induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Sook Son
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Stem Cell Therapeutic Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - H M Arif Ullah
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Stem Cell Therapeutic Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ahmed K Elfadl
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Stem Cell Therapeutic Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Jin Chung
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Stem Cell Therapeutic Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Soong-Gu Ghim
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Stem Cell Therapeutic Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Deuk Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Stem Cell Therapeutic Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Joo Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Stem Cell Therapeutic Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Ku Kang
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Stem Cell Therapeutic Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Shik Jeong
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Stem Cell Therapeutic Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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7
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Tormos AM, Taléns-Visconti R, Sastre J. Regulation of cytokinesis and its clinical significance. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2015; 52:159-67. [DOI: 10.3109/10408363.2015.1012191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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8
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Tormos AM, Taléns-Visconti R, Bonora-Centelles A, Pérez S, Sastre J. Oxidative stress triggers cytokinesis failure in hepatocytes upon isolation. Free Radic Res 2015; 49:927-34. [PMID: 25744598 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2015.1016019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Primary hepatocytes are highly differentiated cells and proliferatively quiescent. However, the stress produced during liver digestion seems to activate cell cycle entry by proliferative/dedifferentiation programs that still remain unclear. The aim of this work was to assess whether the oxidative stress associated with hepatocyte isolation affects cell cycle and particularly cytokinesis, the final step of mitosis. Hepatocytes were isolated from C57BL/6 mice by collagenase perfusion in the absence and presence of N-acetyl cysteine (NAC). Polyploidy, cell cycle, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were studied by flow cytometry (DNA, phospho-histone 3, and CellROX(®) Deep Red) and Western blotting (cyclins B1 and D1, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen). mRNA expression of cyclins A1, B1, B2, D1, and F by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR was also assessed. Glutathione levels were measured by mass spectrometry. Here we show that hepatocyte isolation enhanced cell cycle entry, increased hepatocyte binucleation, and caused marked glutathione oxidation. Addition of 5 mM NAC to the hepatocyte isolation media prevented glutathione depletion, partially blocked ROS production and cell cycle entry of hepatocytes, and avoided the blockade of mitosis progression, abrogating defective cytokinesis and diminishing the formation of binucleated hepatocytes during isolation. Therefore, addition of NAC to the isolation media decreased the generation of polyploid hepatocytes confirming that oxidative stress occurs during hepatocyte isolation and it is responsible, at least in part, for cytokinesis failure and hepatocyte binucleation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Tormos
- Department of Physiology, University of Valencia , Burjassot, Valencia , Spain
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Yu R, Schellhorn HE. Recent applications of engineered animal antioxidant deficiency models in human nutrition and chronic disease. J Nutr 2013; 143:1-11. [PMID: 23173175 DOI: 10.3945/jn.112.168690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary antioxidants are essential nutrients that inhibit the oxidation of biologically important molecules and suppress the toxicity of reactive oxygen or nitrogen species. When the total antioxidant capacity is insufficient to quench these reactive species, oxidative damage occurs and contributes to the onset and progression of chronic diseases, such as neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. However, epidemiological studies that examine the relationship between antioxidants and disease outcome can only identify correlative associations. Additionally, many antioxidants also have prooxidant effects. Thus, clinically relevant animal models of antioxidant function are essential for improving our understanding of the role of antioxidants in the pathogenesis of complex diseases as well as evaluating the therapeutic potential and risks of their supplementation. Recent progress in gene knockout mice and virus-based gene expression has potentiated these areas of study. Here, we review the current genetically modified animal models of dietary antioxidant function and their clinical relevance in chronic diseases. This review focuses on the 3 major antioxidants in the human body: vitamin C, vitamin E, and uric acid. We examine genetic models of vitamin C synthesis (guinea pig, Osteogenic Disorder Shionogi rat, Gulo(-/-) and SMP30(-/-) mouse mutants) and transport (Slc23a1(-/-) and Slc23a2(-/-) mouse mutants), vitamin E transport (Ttpa(-/-) mouse mutant), and uric acid synthesis (Uox(-/-) mouse mutant). The application of these models to current research goals is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosemary Yu
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Park JK, Lee EM, Kim AY, Lee EJ, Min CW, Kang KK, Lee MM, Jeong KS. Vitamin C deficiency accelerates bone loss inducing an increase in PPAR-γ expression in SMP30 knockout mice. Int J Exp Pathol 2012; 93:332-40. [PMID: 22974214 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2613.2012.00820.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Senescence marker protein (SMP) 30 knockout (KO) mice display symptoms of scurvy, including spontaneous bone fractures, and this was considered to be induced by a failure of collagen synthesis owing to vitamin C deficiency. However, low bone mineral density is also known to be associated with spontaneous bone fracture. Therefore, we investigated the effects of vitamin C deficiency on the balance between osteoblasts and osteoclasts in SMP30 KO mice as evidenced by histopathology. All mice were fed a vitamin C-free diet, and only one group (KV) mice were given water containing 1.5 g/l of vitamin C, whereas wild-type (WT) and KO mice were given normal drinking tap water without vitamin C for 16 weeks. After 16 weeks, all femur samples were removed for histopathological examination. The femurs of KO mice showed significantly reduced bone area and decreased number of osteoblasts compared with those of WT mice and KV mice. KO mice also exhibited the lowest level of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) expression in their femurs. However, KO mice showed the most elevated expression of the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL). Moreover, KO mice had the strongest peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ expression level in their osteoblasts and the highest number of TUNEL-positive bone marrow cells. Therefore, we concluded that vitamin C deficiency plays an important role in spontaneous bone fracture by inhibiting osteoblast differentiation and promoting transition of osteoblasts to adipocytes, and this could in turn be related to the increased PPAR-γ expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Kyu Park
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
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11
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Park JK, Ki MR, Lee EM, Kim AY, You SY, Han SY, Lee EJ, Hong IH, Kwon SH, Kim SJ, Rando TA, Jeong KS. Losartan Improves Adipose Tissue-Derived Stem Cell Niche by Inhibiting Transforming Growth Factor-β and Fibrosis in Skeletal Muscle Injury. Cell Transplant 2012; 21:2407-24. [DOI: 10.3727/096368912x637055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASCs) were emerged as an alternative, abundant, and easily accessible source of stem cell therapy. Previous studies revealed losartan (an angiotensin II type I receptor blocker) treatment promoted the healing of skeletal muscle by attenuation of the TGF-β signaling pathway, which inhibits muscle differentiation. Therefore, we hypothesized that a combined therapy using ASCs and losartan might dramatically improve the muscle remodeling after muscle injury. To determine the combined effect of losartan with ASC transplantation, we created a muscle laceration mouse model. EGFP-labeled ASCs were locally transplanted to the injured gastrocnemius muscle after muscle laceration. The dramatic muscle regeneration and the remarkably inhibited muscular fibrosis were observed by combined treatment. Transplanted ASCs fused with the injured or differentiating myofibers. Myotube formation was also enhanced by ASC+ satellite coculture and losartan treatment. Thus, the present study indicated that ASC transplantation effect for skeletal muscle injury can be dramatically improved by losartan treatment inducing better niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Kyu Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Mi-Ran Ki
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Eun-Mi Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
- Stem Cell Therapeutic Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Ah-Young Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
- Stem Cell Therapeutic Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Sang-Young You
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
- Stem Cell Therapeutic Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Seon-Young Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
- Stem Cell Therapeutic Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Eun-Joo Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
- Stem Cell Therapeutic Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Il-Hwa Hong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Soon-Hak Kwon
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Seong-Jin Kim
- CHA Cancer Institute, CHA University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Thomas A. Rando
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kyu-Shik Jeong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
- Stem Cell Therapeutic Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
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Acilan C, Serhatli M, Kacar O, Adiguzel Z, Tuncer A, Hayran M, Baysal K. Smooth muscle cells isolated from thoracic aortic aneurysms exhibit increased genomic damage, but similar tendency for apoptosis. DNA Cell Biol 2012; 31:1523-34. [PMID: 22871164 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2012.1644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aortic aneurysms (AA) are characterized by structural deterioration leading to progressive dilation. During the development of AA, two key structural changes are pronounced, one being degradation of extracellular matrix and the other loss of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) through apoptosis. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced above physiological levels in dilated (aneurismal) part of the aorta compared to the nondilated part and they are known to be associated with both the extracellular matrix degradation and the loss of SMCs. In this study, we hypothesized that aneurismal SMCs are more prone to apoptosis and that at least some cells undergo apoptosis due to elevated ROS in the aortic wall. To test this hypothesis, we first isolated SMCs from thoracic aneurismal tissue and compared their apoptotic tendency with normal SMCs in response to H(2)O(2), oxidized sterol, or UV treatment. Exposed cells exhibited morphological changes characteristic of apoptosis, such as cell shrinkage, membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, and DNA fragmentation. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferased UTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) further confirmed the fragmentation of nuclear DNA in these cells. Vascular SMCs were analyzed for their micronuclei (MN) and binucleate (BN) frequency as indicators of genomic abnormality. These data were then compared to patient parameters, including age, gender, hypertension, or aortic diameter for existing correlations. While the tendency for apoptosis was not significantly different compared to normal cells, both the %MN and %BN were higher in aneurismal SMCs. The data suggest that there is increased DNA damage in TAA samples, which might play a pivotal role in disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceyda Acilan
- TUBITAK Marmara Research Center, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Institute, Kocaeli, Turkey.
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