1
|
Zhou CX, Li LY, Huang CQ, Guo XD, An XD, Luo FF, Cong W. Investigation of urine metabolome of BALB/c mouse infected with an avirulent strain of Toxoplasma gondii. Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:271. [PMID: 35906695 PMCID: PMC9338554 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05408-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii is a major concern for human and animal health. Although the metabolic understanding of toxoplasmosis has increased in recent years, the analysis of metabolic alterations through noninvasive methodologies in biofluids remains limited. Methods Here, we applied liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-based metabolomics and multivariate statistical analysis to analyze BALB/c mouse urine collected from acutely infected, chronically infected and control subjects. Results In total, we identified 2065 and 1409 metabolites in the positive electrospray ionization (ESI +) mode and ESI − mode, respectively. Metabolomic patterns generated from principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) score plots clearly separated T. gondii-infected from uninfected urine samples. Metabolites with altered levels in urine from T. gondii-infected mice revealed changes in pathways related to amino acid metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, and nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism. Conclusions This is the first study to our knowledge on urine metabolic profiling of BALB/c mouse with T. gondii infection. The urine metabolome of infected mouse is distinctive and has value in the understanding of Toxoplasmosis pathogenesis and improvement of treatment. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13071-022-05408-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Xue Zhou
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ling-Yu Li
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Cui-Qin Huang
- Engineering Research Center for the Prevention and Control of Animal Original Zoonosis, Fujian Province University & College of Life Science, Longyan University, Longyan, 364012, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu-Dong Guo
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu-Dian An
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang-Fang Luo
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Cong
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, 264209, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sharma M, Singh V, Sharma R, Koul A, McCarthy ET, Savin VJ, Joshi T, Srivastava T. Glomerular Biomechanical Stress and Lipid Mediators during Cellular Changes Leading to Chronic Kidney Disease. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020407. [PMID: 35203616 PMCID: PMC8962328 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperfiltration is an important underlying cause of glomerular dysfunction associated with several systemic and intrinsic glomerular conditions leading to chronic kidney disease (CKD). These include obesity, diabetes, hypertension, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), congenital abnormalities and reduced renal mass (low nephron number). Hyperfiltration-associated biomechanical forces directly impact the cell membrane, generating tensile and fluid flow shear stresses in multiple segments of the nephron. Ongoing research suggests these biomechanical forces as the initial mediators of hyperfiltration-induced deterioration of podocyte structure and function leading to their detachment and irreplaceable loss from the glomerular filtration barrier. Membrane lipid-derived polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and their metabolites are potent transducers of biomechanical stress from the cell surface to intracellular compartments. Omega-6 and ω-3 long-chain PUFA from membrane phospholipids generate many versatile and autacoid oxylipins that modulate pro-inflammatory as well as anti-inflammatory autocrine and paracrine signaling. We advance the idea that lipid signaling molecules, related enzymes, metabolites and receptors are not just mediators of cellular stress but also potential targets for developing novel interventions. With the growing emphasis on lifestyle changes for wellness, dietary fatty acids are potential adjunct-therapeutics to minimize/treat hyperfiltration-induced progressive glomerular damage and CKD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mukut Sharma
- Research and Development Service, Kansas City VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 64128, USA;
- Midwest Veterans’ Biomedical Research Foundation, Kansas City, MO 64128, USA; (A.K.); (V.J.S.); (T.S.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 66160, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-816-861-4700 (ext. 58222)
| | - Vikas Singh
- Neurology, Kansas City VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 64128, USA;
| | - Ram Sharma
- Research and Development Service, Kansas City VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 64128, USA;
| | - Arnav Koul
- Midwest Veterans’ Biomedical Research Foundation, Kansas City, MO 64128, USA; (A.K.); (V.J.S.); (T.S.)
| | - Ellen T. McCarthy
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 66160, USA;
| | - Virginia J. Savin
- Midwest Veterans’ Biomedical Research Foundation, Kansas City, MO 64128, USA; (A.K.); (V.J.S.); (T.S.)
| | - Trupti Joshi
- Department of Health Management and Informatics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201, USA;
| | - Tarak Srivastava
- Midwest Veterans’ Biomedical Research Foundation, Kansas City, MO 64128, USA; (A.K.); (V.J.S.); (T.S.)
- Section of Nephrology, Children’s Mercy Hospital and University of Missouri, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Abstract
Purpose of review This review will critically highlight the role of leukotrienes as mediators of renal diseases and drug nephrotoxicity. It will also discuss the recently identified mechanism of cysteinyl leukotrienes induction and action, and will propose clinical implementation of these findings. Recent findings Since last reviewed in 1994, leukotrienes were shown to mediate drug-associated nephrotoxicity, transplant rejection and morbidity in several models of renal diseases. Although leukotrienes may be released by various infiltrating leukocytes, a recent study demonstrated that cytotoxic agents trigger production of leukotriene C4 (LTC4) in mouse kidney cells by activating a biosynthetic pathway based on microsomal glutathione-S-transferase 2 (MGST2). LTC4 then elicits nuclear accumulation of hydrogen peroxide-generating NADPH oxidase 4, leading to oxidative DNA damage and cell death. LTC4 inhibitors, commonly used as systemic asthma drugs, alleviated drug-associated damage to proximal tubular cells and attenuated mouse morbidity. Summary Cysteinyl leukotrienes released by mast cells trigger the symptoms of asthma, including bronchoconstriction and vasoconstriction. Therefore, effective leukotriene inhibitors were approved as orally administered asthma drugs. The findings that leukotrienes mediate the cytotoxicity of nephrotoxic drugs, and are involved in numerous renal diseases, suggest that such asthma drugs may ameliorate drug-induced nephrotoxicity, as well as some renal diseases.
Collapse
|
4
|
Montford JR, Lehman AMB, Bauer CD, Klawitter J, Klawitter J, Poczobutt JM, Scobey M, Weiser-Evans M, Nemenoff RA, Furgeson SB. Bone marrow-derived cPLA2α contributes to renal fibrosis progression. J Lipid Res 2017; 59:380-390. [PMID: 29229740 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m082362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The group IVA calcium-dependent cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2α) enzyme directs a complex "eicosanoid storm" that accompanies the tissue response to injury. cPLA2α and its downstream eicosanoid mediators are also implicated in the pathogenesis of fibrosis in many organs, including the kidney. We aimed to determine the role of cPLA2α in bone marrow-derived cells in a murine model of renal fibrosis, unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). WT C57BL/6J mice were irradiated and engrafted with donor bone marrow from either WT mice [WT-bone marrow transplant (BMT)] or mice deficient in cPLA2α (KO-BMT). After full engraftment, mice underwent UUO and kidneys were collected 3, 7, and 14 days after injury. Using picrosirius red, collagen-3, and smooth muscle α actin staining, we determined that renal fibrosis was significantly attenuated in KO-BMT animals as compared with WT-BMT animals. Lipidomic analysis of homogenized kidneys demonstrated a time-dependent upregulation of pro-inflammatory eicosanoids after UUO; KO-BMT animals had lower levels of many of these eicosanoids. KO-BMT animals also had fewer infiltrating pro-inflammatory CD45+CD11b+Ly6Chi macrophages and reduced message levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Our results indicate that cPLA2α and/or its downstream mediators, produced by bone marrow-derived cells, play a major role in eicosanoid production after renal injury and in renal fibrinogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John R Montford
- Department of Medicine, Renal Division, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO .,Denver Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Denver, CO
| | - Allison M B Lehman
- Department of Medicine, Renal Division, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Colin D Bauer
- Department of Medicine, Renal Division, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Jelena Klawitter
- Department of Medicine, Renal Division, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO.,Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Jost Klawitter
- Department of Medicine, Renal Division, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO.,Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Joanna M Poczobutt
- Department of Medicine, Renal Division, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Micah Scobey
- Department of Medicine, Renal Division, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Mary Weiser-Evans
- Department of Medicine, Renal Division, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO.,School of Medicine, Consortium for Fibrosis Research and Translation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Raphael A Nemenoff
- Department of Medicine, Renal Division, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO.,School of Medicine, Consortium for Fibrosis Research and Translation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Seth B Furgeson
- Department of Medicine, Renal Division, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO.,School of Medicine, Consortium for Fibrosis Research and Translation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO.,Denver Health and Hospitals, Denver, CO
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
The leukotriene B 4-leukotriene B 4 receptor axis promotes cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury by modulating neutrophil recruitment. Kidney Int 2017; 92:89-100. [PMID: 28318626 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2017.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cisplatin is an effective chemotherapeutic agent and widely used in treatment of various solid organ malignancies, including head and neck, ovarian, and testicular cancers. However, the induction of acute kidney injury (AKI) is one of its main side effects. Leukotriene B4 receptor 1 (BLT1) mediates the majority of physiological effects of leukotriene B4 (LTB4), a potent lipid chemoattractant generated at inflammation sites, but the role of the LTB4-BLT1 axis in cisplatin-induced AKI remains unknown. Here we found upregulated LTB4 synthesis and BLT1 expression in the kidney after cisplatin administration. Cisplatin was found to directly upregulate gene expression of leukotriene A4 hydrolase and stimulate LTB4 production in renal tubular epithelial cells. Reduced kidney structural/functional damage, inflammation, and apoptosis were observed in BLT1-/- mice, as well as in wild-type mice treated with the LTA4H inhibitor SC-57461A and the BLT1 antagonist U-75302. Neutrophils were likely the target of this pathway, as BLT1 absence induced a significant decrease in infiltrating neutrophils in the kidney. Adoptive transfer of neutrophils from wild-type mice restored kidney injury in BLT1-/- mice following cisplatin challenge. Thus, the LTB4-BLT1 axis contributes to cisplatin-induced AKI by mediating kidney recruitment of neutrophils, which induce inflammation and apoptosis in the kidney. Hence, the LTB4-BLT1 axis could be a potential therapeutic target in cisplatin-induced AKI.
Collapse
|
6
|
Tran HTT, Márton MR, Herz C, Maul R, Baldermann S, Schreiner M, Lamy E. Nasturtium (Indian cress, Tropaeolum majus nanum) dually blocks the COX and LOX pathway in primary human immune cells. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 23:611-620. [PMID: 27161402 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2016.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nasturtium (Indian cress, Tropaeolum majus) is known for its pharmacological value in the treatment of bacterial infections of the upper air tract and urinary bladder. However, scientific data on the anti-inflammatory potency in human-derived cells is missing. PURPOSE The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of nasturtium to inhibit the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced inflammatory response in primary human cells of the immune system. STUDY DESIGN The anti-inflammatory activities of nasturtium and its fractions were evaluated via regulation of arachidonic acid (AA) pathway and MAPK kinase cascade. Fraction H4 which was responsible for the anti-inflammatory effects was further characterized. METHODS Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were either treated with plant extracts or fractions thereof, stimulated with LPS and/or N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) and analysed for COX and LOX, release of prostaglandin PGE2, leukotriene LTB4, TNF-alpha and ERK signaling pathway activation. The plant extracts were separated into four fractions by HPLC; fraction H4 was subjected to UHPLC-ToF/MS analysis to identify potential bioactive compounds. RESULTS We found that aqueous extracts of nasturtium did exert strong concentration dependent suppression of LPS-triggered TNF-alpha release and COX pathway signaling, including PGE2 synthesis. Whereas COX-1 protein expression was not impacted, LPS-triggered COX-2 protein expression was concentration dependently blocked by the plant extract but not COX-2 enzyme activity. These findings suggest a mechanism of action for the plant extract which is different from non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Moreover, the plant extract blocked leukotriene LTB4 release, the major end product of the 5-LOX pathway from PBMC. Down-regulation of ERK1/2 and c-Jun activation preceded COX-2 suppression upon plant extract treatment in the presence of LPS. Using HPLC separation of the aqueous extract followed by metabolomic analysis we could limit the number of relevant bioactive compounds in the extract to about 50. CONCLUSIONS This study provides a rationale for the anti-inflammatory efficacy of nasturtium observed in man and gives first insight into the underlying molecular mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hoai Thi Thu Tran
- University of Freiburg - Medical Center, Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Molecular Preventive Medicine, Breisacher Strasse 115b, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; University of Freiburg - Medical Center, Institute for Prevention and Cancer Epidemiology, Molecular Preventive Medicine, Elsässerstr. 2, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Melinda-Rita Márton
- University of Freiburg - Medical Center, Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Molecular Preventive Medicine, Breisacher Strasse 115b, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Corinna Herz
- University of Freiburg - Medical Center, Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Molecular Preventive Medicine, Breisacher Strasse 115b, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; University of Freiburg - Medical Center, Institute for Prevention and Cancer Epidemiology, Molecular Preventive Medicine, Elsässerstr. 2, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ronald Maul
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops Grossbeeren/Erfurt e.V., Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1, 14979 Grossbeeren, Germany
| | - Susanne Baldermann
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops Grossbeeren/Erfurt e.V., Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1, 14979 Grossbeeren, Germany
| | - Monika Schreiner
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops Grossbeeren/Erfurt e.V., Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1, 14979 Grossbeeren, Germany
| | - Evelyn Lamy
- University of Freiburg - Medical Center, Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Molecular Preventive Medicine, Breisacher Strasse 115b, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; University of Freiburg - Medical Center, Institute for Prevention and Cancer Epidemiology, Molecular Preventive Medicine, Elsässerstr. 2, 79110 Freiburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Das R, Ganapathy S, Mahabeleshwar GH, Drumm C, Febbraio M, Jain MK, Plow EF. Macrophage gene expression and foam cell formation are regulated by plasminogen. Circulation 2013; 127:1209-18, e1-16. [PMID: 23401155 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.112.001214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deciphering the molecular and cellular processes that govern macrophage foam cell formation is critical to understanding the basic mechanisms underlying atherosclerosis and other vascular pathologies. METHODS AND RESULTS Here, we identify a pivotal role of plasminogen (Plg) in regulating foam cell formation. Deficiency of Plg inhibited macrophage cholesterol accumulation on exposure to hyperlipidemic conditions in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo. Gene expression analysis identified CD36 as a regulated target of Plg, and macrophages from Plg(-/-) mice had decreased CD36 expression and diminished foam cell formation. The Plg-dependent CD36 expression and foam cell formation depended on conversion of Plg to plasmin, binding to the macrophage surface, and the consequent intracellular signaling that leads to production of leukotriene B4. Leukotriene B4 rescued the suppression of CD36 expression and foam cell formation arising from Plg deficiency. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate an unanticipated role of Plg in the regulation of gene expression and cholesterol metabolism by macrophages and identify Plg-mediated regulation of leukotriene B4 as an underlying mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Riku Das
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|