Decreased superoxide dismutase activity in erythrocyte in Parkinson's disease

Association between Anemia and Risk of Parkinson Disease

METHODS

We systematically searched articles on electronic databases such as PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Google Scholar between January 1, 2000 and July 30, 2020. Articles were independently evaluated by two authors. We included observational studies (case-control and cohort) and calculated the risk ratios (RRs) for associated with anemia and PD. Heterogeneity among the studies was assessed using the Q and I ² statistic. We utilized the random-effect model to calculate the overall RR with 95% CI.

RESULTS

A total of 342 articles were identified in the initial searches, and 7 full-text articles were evaluated for eligibility. Three articles were further excluded for prespecified reasons including insufficient data and duplications, and 4 articles were included in our systematic review and meta-analysis. A random effect model meta-analysis of all 4 studies showed no increased risk of PD in patients with anemia (N = 4, RR_adjusted = 1.17 (95% CI: 0.94-1.45, p = 0.15). However, heterogeneity among the studies was significant (I ² = 92.60, p = <0.0001). The pooled relative risk of PD in female patients with anemia was higher (N = 3, RR_adjusted = 1.14 (95% CI: 0.83-1.57, p = 0.40) as compared to male patients with anemia (N = 3, RR_adjusted = 1.09 (95% CI: 0.83-1.42, p = 0.51).

CONCLUSION

This is the first meta-analysis that shows that anemia is associated with higher risk of PD when compared with patients without anemia. However, more studies are warranted to evaluate the risk of PD among patients with anemia.

Newly Diagnosed Anemia Increases Risk of Parkinson's disease: A Population-Based Cohort Study

Anemia and low hemoglobin have been identified to increase Parkinson’s disease (PD) risk. This population-based cohort study investigated PD risk in newly diagnosed anemic patients by using data from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. All newly diagnosed anemic patients (n = 86,334) without a history of stroke, neurodegenerative diseases, traumatic brain injury, major operations, or blood loss diseases were enrolled. A cohort of nonanemic controls, 1:1 matched with anemic patients on the basis of the demographics and pre-existing medical conditions, was also included. Competing risk analysis was used to evaluate PD risk in anemic patients compared with that in their matched controls. The adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) of PD risk in the anemic patients was 1.36 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.22–1.52, p < 0.001). Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) patients tended to exhibit a higher PD risk (aHR: 1.49; 95% CI: 1.24–1.79, p < 0.001). Furthermore, Iron supplement did not significantly affect the PD risk: the aHRs for PD risk were 1.32 (95% CI: 1.07–1.63, p < 0.01) and 1.86 (95% CI: 1.46–2.35, p < 0.001) in IDA patients with and without iron supplementation, respectively. The population-based cohort study indicated newly diagnosed anemia increases PD risk.

Oxidative pathology and AQP4 mRNA expression in patients of Parkinson's disease in Tamil Nadu

BACKGROUND

Parkinson's disease (PD) typically appears in late middle aged and elderly persons and progresses over a period of several years. It is characterised by defective motor and cognitive function. Oxidative stress is believed to play a central role in the pathogenesis of PD.

PURPOSE

The objective of the study was to assess the oxidative burden and mRNA expression of AQP4 related to oxidative pathology of PD related symptoms of Hoehn and Yahr stages.

METHODS

The study included 30 healthy controls and 90 PD patients who were undergoing treatment. The blood samples were collected and analyzed for biochemical assays and whole blood DNA was used for mRNA expression of AQP4 using RT-PCR.

RESULTS

The level of SOD, CAT and Gpx were found to be decreased while there was increase in LPO when compared to the healthy controls. The levels of SOD, CAT in stage III were significantly decreased when compared with stage I. The mRNA expression of AQP4 was found to be reduced when compared with that of healthy control samples. There was no variation in observed oxidative burden and the AQP4 mRNA expression among the different stages of disease.

CONCLUSION

Based on the results obtained this study may be helpful in validating novel approach to treatment of PD by advancing antioxidant strategies.