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Fealy S, Logan PA, Micalos PS, Rossiter R, Jones D, Irwin P, Schwebel D, Carroll V, Wong A, Fung VSC, Morales-Briceno H, Bramble M. Exploring Parkinson's disease prevalence in regional, rural and remote Australia: A systematic scoping review. Aust J Rural Health 2023; 31:1156-1167. [PMID: 37897118 DOI: 10.1111/ajr.13054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder worldwide. Due to ageing populations, prevalence estimates for PD are set to increase in western countries including Australia. OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate the prevalence of PD in regional, rural and remote areas of Australia, to inform the provision of equitable PD-specific care. DESIGN A scoping review, following the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for scoping reviews and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR), was conducted. An electronic search of four databases and the search engine google scholar was completed in May 2022 and updated in September 2023. Article screening and quality appraisal were undertaken independently by at least two reviewers. FINDINGS Of 514 records screened, six articles (between 1966 and 2019) were identified and included for review. Wide variations in PD prevalence were evident, ranging from 0.58 to 8.5 per 1000 people. Two studies suggested prevalence may be higher in regional, rural and remote areas of Australia than in urban localities. DISCUSSION The limited number of studies identified, and wide variation in prevalence rates makes it difficult to draw firm conclusions to inform heath care planning and resource allocation. CONCLUSION A paucity of reliable prevalence data indicates the need for well-designed, country-specific epidemiological studies to be conducted to estimate the actual impacts of the disease to inform public health planning, particularly in regional, rural and remote areas where access to PD-specific care is already inequitable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanna Fealy
- Ageing Well in Rural and Regional Australia Research Group, Charles Sturt University, Port Macquarie, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Nursing Paramedicine and Healthcare Sciences, Faculty of Science and Health, Charles Sturt University, Port Macquarie, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Patricia A Logan
- Ageing Well Research Group, Charles Sturt University, Wodonga, Victoria, Australia
- School of Dentistry and Medical Science, Faculty of Science and Health, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peter S Micalos
- Ageing Well Research Group, Charles Sturt University, Wodonga, Victoria, Australia
- School of Dentistry and Medical Science, Faculty of Science and Health, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rachel Rossiter
- Ageing Well in Rural and Regional Australia Research Group, Charles Sturt University, Port Macquarie, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Nursing Paramedicine and Healthcare Sciences, Faculty of Science and Health, Charles Sturt University, Port Macquarie, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Donovan Jones
- School of Nursing Paramedicine and Healthcare Sciences, Faculty of Science and Health, Charles Sturt University, Port Macquarie, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Ageing Well Research Group, Charles Sturt University, Wodonga, Victoria, Australia
| | - Pauletta Irwin
- School of Nursing Paramedicine and Healthcare Sciences, Faculty of Science and Health, Charles Sturt University, Port Macquarie, New South Wales, Australia
- Ageing Well Research Group, Charles Sturt University, Wodonga, Victoria, Australia
| | - Deborah Schwebel
- Mid North Coast Local Health District, Port Macquarie, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Vincent Carroll
- School of Nursing Paramedicine and Healthcare Sciences, Faculty of Science and Health, Charles Sturt University, Port Macquarie, New South Wales, Australia
- Mid North Coast Local Health District, Port Macquarie, New South Wales, Australia
- Parkinsons, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alfred Wong
- Ageing Well in Rural and Regional Australia Research Group, Charles Sturt University, Port Macquarie, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Business, Faculty of Business, Justice and Behavioural Science, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Victor S C Fung
- Western Sydney Local Health District, Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Hugo Morales-Briceno
- Western Sydney Local Health District, Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Marguerite Bramble
- Ageing Well in Rural and Regional Australia Research Group, Charles Sturt University, Port Macquarie, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Nursing Paramedicine and Healthcare Sciences, Faculty of Science and Health, Charles Sturt University, Port Macquarie, New South Wales, Australia
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Bamshad C, Najafi-Ghalehlou N, Pourmohammadi-Bejarpasi Z, Tomita K, Kuwahara Y, Sato T, Feizkhah A, Roushnadeh AM, Roudkenar MH. Mitochondria: how eminent in ageing and neurodegenerative disorders? Hum Cell 2023; 36:41-61. [PMID: 36445534 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-022-00833-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Numerous factors are implicated in the onset and progression of ageing and neurodegenerative disorders, with defects in cell energy supply and free radicals regulation designated as being the main functions of mitochondria and highly accentuated in plentiful studies. Hence, analysing the role of mitochondria as one of the main factors implicated in these disorders could undoubtedly come in handy with respect to disease prevention and treatment. In this review, first, we will explore how mitochondria account for neurodegenerative disorders and ageing and later will draw the various pathways contributing to mitochondrial dysfunction in their distinct way. Also, we will discuss the deviation-countering mechanisms, particularly mitophagy, a subset of autophagy known as a much larger cellular defence mechanism and regulatory system, along with its potential therapeutic effects. Last but not least, we will be highlighting the mitochondrial transfer experiments with animal models of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia Bamshad
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Nima Najafi-Ghalehlou
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Paramedicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zahra Pourmohammadi-Bejarpasi
- Burn and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, School of Medicine, Velayat Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Kazuo Tomita
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Kuwahara
- Division of Radiation Biology and Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Sato
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Alireza Feizkhah
- Burn and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, School of Medicine, Velayat Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Amaneh Mohammadi Roushnadeh
- Burn and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, School of Medicine, Velayat Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
| | - Mehryar Habibi Roudkenar
- Burn and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, School of Medicine, Velayat Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
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Bivol S, Mellick GD, Gratten J, Parker R, Mulcahy A, Mosley PE, Poortvliet PC, Campos AI, Mitchell BL, Garcia-Marin LM, Cross S, Ferguson M, Lind PA, Loesch DZ, Visscher PM, Medland SE, Scherzer CR, Martin NG, Rentería ME. Australian Parkinson's Genetics Study (APGS): pilot (n=1532). BMJ Open 2022; 12:e052032. [PMID: 35217535 PMCID: PMC8883215 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-052032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder associated with progressive disability. While the precise aetiology is unknown, there is evidence of significant genetic and environmental influences on individual risk. The Australian Parkinson's Genetics Study seeks to study genetic and patient-reported data from a large cohort of individuals with PD in Australia to understand the sociodemographic, genetic and environmental basis of PD susceptibility, symptoms and progression. PARTICIPANTS In the pilot phase reported here, 1819 participants were recruited through assisted mailouts facilitated by Services Australia based on having three or more prescriptions for anti-PD medications in their Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme records. The average age at the time of the questionnaire was 64±6 years. We collected patient-reported information and sociodemographic variables via an online (93% of the cohort) or paper-based (7%) questionnaire. One thousand five hundred and thirty-two participants (84.2%) met all inclusion criteria, and 1499 provided a DNA sample via traditional post. FINDINGS TO DATE 65% of participants were men, and 92% identified as being of European descent. A previous traumatic brain injury was reported by 16% of participants and was correlated with a younger age of symptom onset. At the time of the questionnaire, constipation (36% of participants), depression (34%), anxiety (17%), melanoma (16%) and diabetes (10%) were the most reported comorbid conditions. FUTURE PLANS We plan to recruit sex-matched and age-matched unaffected controls, genotype all participants and collect non-motor symptoms and cognitive function data. Future work will explore the role of genetic and environmental factors in the aetiology of PD susceptibility, onset, symptoms, and progression, including as part of international PD research consortia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Bivol
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - George D Mellick
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery (GRIDD), Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jacob Gratten
- Mater Research, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Richard Parker
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Aoibhe Mulcahy
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Philip E Mosley
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Peter C Poortvliet
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery (GRIDD), Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Adrian I Campos
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Brittany L Mitchell
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Luis M Garcia-Marin
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Simone Cross
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Mary Ferguson
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Penelope A Lind
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Danuta Z Loesch
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Peter M Visscher
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Sarah E Medland
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Clemens R Scherzer
- Center for Advanced Parkinson Research, Harvard Medical School and Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Precision Neurology Program, Harvard Medical School and Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Miguel E Rentería
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Center for Advanced Parkinson Research, Harvard Medical School and Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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Alamri Y, Pitcher T, Anderson TJ. Variations in the patterns of prevalence and therapy in Australasian Parkinson's disease patients of different ethnicities. BMJ Neurol Open 2021; 2:e000033. [PMID: 33681780 PMCID: PMC7871730 DOI: 10.1136/bmjno-2019-000033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease in the elderly after Alzheimer's disease. It is expected that PD cumulative incidence will increase in the future, as there are far more people surviving into late age than there ever used to be. While most commonly idiopathic, rare forms of PD can be familial/genetic. In addition, socioeconomic, cultural and genetic factors may influence the way in which anti-parkinsonian medications are prescribed, and how patients respond to them. This review aims to highlight the potential impact of genetic variation on the epidemiology and therapeutics of PD, focusing on data from New Zealand and Australia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yassar Alamri
- Department of General Medicine, Canterbury District Health Board, Christchurch, New Zealand.,Department of Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Toni Pitcher
- New Zealand Brain Research Institute, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Tim J Anderson
- New Zealand Brain Research Institute, Christchurch, New Zealand.,Department of Neurology, Canterbury District Health Board, Christchurch, New Zealand
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Czarny P, Bialek K, Ziolkowska S, Strycharz J, Sliwinski T. DNA damage and repair in neuropsychiatric disorders. What do we know and what are the future perspectives? Mutagenesis 2019; 35:79-106. [DOI: 10.1093/mutage/gez035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractOver the past two decades, extensive research has been done to elucidate the molecular etiology and pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric disorders. In majority of them, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), bipolar disorder (BD), schizophrenia and major depressive disorder, increased oxidative and nitrosative stress was found. This stress is known to induce oxidative damage to biomolecules, including DNA. Accordingly, increased mitochondrial and nuclear DNA, as well as RNA damage, were observed in patients suffering from these diseases. However, recent findings indicate that the patients are characterised by impaired DNA repair pathways, which may suggest that these DNA lesions could be also a result of their insufficient repair. In the current systematic, critical review, we aim to sum up, using available literature, the knowledge about the involvement of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA damage and repair, as well as about damage to RNA in pathoetiology of neuropsychiatric disorders, i.e., AD, PD, ALS, BD, schizophrenia and major depressive disorder, as well as the usefulness of the discussed factors as being diagnostic markers and targets for new therapies. Moreover, we also underline the new directions to which future studies should head to elucidate these phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Czarny
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Bialek
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Sylwia Ziolkowska
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Justyna Strycharz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Tomasz Sliwinski
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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Grünewald A, Kumar KR, Sue CM. New insights into the complex role of mitochondria in Parkinson’s disease. Prog Neurobiol 2019; 177:73-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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7
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Khan AW, Khan AU, Shah SMM, Ullah A, Faheem M, Saleem M. An Updated List of Neuromedicinal Plants of Pakistan, Their Uses, and Phytochemistry. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2019; 2019:6191505. [PMID: 30941198 PMCID: PMC6420976 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6191505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Almost every region of Pakistan is stacked with a large number of medicinal plants. Due to high cost and unavailability of allopathic medicines for the neurological diseases, especially in rural areas, traditional healers prescribe phytotherapy for various neurological diseases like epilepsy, depression, anxiety, insomnia, Alzheimer, and migraine. Such treatments are considered to be most effective by the native people. METHODS The data was collected from articles published on medicinal plants of various districts of Pakistan, using article search engines like Medline, Pubmed, Web of Science, Science Direct, and Google Scholar. Also, information regarding various neurological uses and mode of applications of medicinal plants was obtained from traditional healers, folk medicine users, and local elderly people having knowledge of medicinal plants. RESULTS A total of 54 families were found to be used in various neurological diseases, of which the highest use was of Solanaceae (22.22%), Asteraceae (12.96%), Lamiaceae, Papaveraceae, and Poaceae, 9% each, and Caprifoliaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Rhamnaceae, and Rosaceae, 5.5% each. According to districts, 15% of plants that were effective in neurological affections were found in Bahawalpur, 11% in Swat, 8% in Muzaffarabad, 7% in Malakand, and 6% in Bahawalnagar, Dir, Gilgat, and Sarghoda each, with 5% in Dera ghazi khan and Jhelum each. According to the plant's habit, out of total of 103 plants, 61.15% were found to be herbs, 22.33% trees, 11.65% shrubs, and 4.85% climbers. According to the part used of plant, whole plant, leaves, fruits, roots, seeds, and flowers were found to be used 32.03%, 24.27%, 20.38%, 16.50%, 13.59%, and 11.65%, respectively. According to disease's types, 45.63% were found to be effective in insomnia, 31.06% in epilepsy 12.62% in depression, 6.80% in anxiety, 7.77% in hysteria, and 5.88% in migraine. CONCLUSION Taking into consideration this useful knowledge on medicinal properties of the plants for curing neurologic diseases, it is believed that research in areas of ethnomedicine and ethnopharmacology can bring auspicious results that have potential of adding value to the very rich natural resources of Pakistan. This study will help all the researchers from diverse backgrounds working on plants based medicine for neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arif-ullah Khan
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Aziz Ullah
- Department of Pharmacy, Forman Christian College, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Faheem
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Saleem
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Park JS, Koentjoro B, Sue CM. Commentary: Nix restores mitophagy and mitochondrial function to protect against PINK1/Parkin-related Parkinson's disease. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:297. [PMID: 28974925 PMCID: PMC5610721 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Sung Park
- Department of Neurogenetics, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health DistrictSt. Leonards, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Medical School-Northern, University of SydneySt. Leonards, NSW, Australia
| | - Brianada Koentjoro
- Department of Neurogenetics, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health DistrictSt. Leonards, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Medical School-Northern, University of SydneySt. Leonards, NSW, Australia
| | - Carolyn M Sue
- Department of Neurogenetics, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health DistrictSt. Leonards, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Medical School-Northern, University of SydneySt. Leonards, NSW, Australia
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Paul SS, Harvey L, Canning CG, Boufous S, Lord SR, Close JCT, Sherrington C. Fall-related hospitalization in people with Parkinson's disease. Eur J Neurol 2017; 24:523-529. [PMID: 28117538 DOI: 10.1111/ene.13238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Falls are common in people with Parkinson's disease (PD) but few data exist on fall-related hospitalizations in this group. This population-based study compared fall-related hospital admissions, injury rates and consequences in people with and without PD, and determined whether PD was an independent predictor of fall-related hospital length of stay. METHODS This was a retrospective study using probabilistic linkage of hospital data in people aged ≥65 years hospitalized for a fall between 1 July 2005 and 31 December 2013 in New South Wales, Australia. Rates of hospital admissions and injuries per person admitted over the study period were compared between people with and without PD using Poisson or negative binomial regression. Multilevel linear modelling was used to analyse length of stay by clustering individuals and adjusting for possible confounders. RESULTS There were 342 265 fall-related hospital admissions in people aged ≥65 years during the study period, of which 8487 (2.5%) were for people with PD. Sixty-seven per cent of fall-related PD admissions were associated with injury and 35% were associated with fracture. People with PD had higher rate ratios for fall admissions (1.63, 95% confidence interval 1.59-1.67) and injury (1.47, 95% confidence interval 1.43-1.51) and longer median length of stay [9 (interquartile range 1-27) vs. 6 (interquartile range 1-20) days in people without PD; P < 0.001]. PD remained associated with increased length of stay after controlling for comorbidity, age, sex and injury (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS This study provides important benchmark data for hospitalizations for falls and fall injuries for older people with PD, which may be used to monitor the effect of fall prevention programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Paul
- The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - L Harvey
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - C G Canning
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Lidcombe, NSW, Australia
| | - S Boufous
- Transport and Road Safety, UNSW, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - S R Lord
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - J C T Close
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW, Australia.,Prince of Wales Clinical School, UNSW, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - C Sherrington
- The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Khedr EM, Fawi G, Abbas MAA, Mohammed TA, El-Fetoh NA, Attar GA, Zaki AF. Prevalence of Parkinsonism and Parkinson's disease in Qena governorate/Egypt: a cross-sectional community-based survey. Neurol Res 2015; 37:607-18. [PMID: 25796953 DOI: 10.1179/1743132815y.0000000020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE In a previous study we found a high crude prevalence rate (CPR) for Parkinson's disease (PD) in Assiut governorate/Egypt. We therefore surveyed a second Nile valley governorate (Qena) to provide confirmatory evidence for the high prevalence rate of PD in Egypt. SUBJECTS AND METHODS 10 areas in Qena governorate were selected by random sampling to recruit 8027 inhabitants. Positive cases were identified using a modified screening questionnaire, the unified Parkinson disease rating scale (UPDRS), mini-mental state examination (MMSE) and the non-motor symptoms scale (NMSS) for PD. RESULTS Forty-four patients were identified with Parkinsonism, giving a CPR of 548/10(5) inhabitants. Among them, 35 patients were diagnosed as PD with CPR of 436/10(5); three cases were diagnosed as drug-induced Parkinsonism with CPR 37/10(5); two cases had atherosclerotic Parkinsonism with CPR 25/10(5).Age-specific CPR of PD among population aged ≥ 50 years old was 2534/10(5).The highest age-specific CPR was recorded among subjects ≥ 75 years old. The CPR showed a tendency to be higher in males than females, urban than rural areas and industrial than non-industrial areas (503 vs 363/10(5), 474 vs 389/10(5) and 655 vs 312/10(5), respectively). There was a significantly higher CPR among illiterate than literate persons (1982 vs 299/10(5) with P = 0.00001). About one quarter of patients had cognitive impairment. All cases had positive symptoms in at least one or more NMS Domains. CONCLUSION The overall prevalence of PD disease is high in Nile valley governorates of Upper Egypt compared to other Arabic countries.
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Pringsheim T, Jette N, Frolkis A, Steeves TDL. The prevalence of Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Mov Disord 2014; 29:1583-90. [PMID: 24976103 DOI: 10.1002/mds.25945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1226] [Impact Index Per Article: 122.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Revised: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder. We sought to synthesize studies on the prevalence of PD to obtain an overall view of how the prevalence of this disease varies by age, by sex, and by geographic location. We searched MEDLINE and EMBASE for epidemiological studies of PD from 1985 to 2010. Data were analyzed by age group, geographic location, and sex. Geographic location was stratified by the following groups: 1) Asia, 2) Africa, 3) South America, and 4) Europe/North America/Australia. Meta-regression was used to determine whether a significant difference was present between groups. Forty-seven studies were included in the analysis. Meta-analysis of the worldwide data showed a rising prevalence of PD with age (all per 100,000): 41 in 40 to 49 years; 107 in 50 to 59 years; 173 in 55 to 64 years; 428 in 60 to 69 years; 425 in 65 to 74 years; 1087 in 70 to 79 years; and 1903 in older than age 80. A significant difference was seen in prevalence by geographic location only for individuals 70 to 79 years old, with a prevalence of 1,601 in individuals from North America, Europe, and Australia, compared with 646 in individuals from Asia (P < 0.05). A significant difference in prevalence by sex was found only for individuals 50 to 59 years old, with a prevalence of 41 in females and 134 in males (P < 0.05). PD prevalence increases steadily with age. Some differences in prevalence by geographic location and sex can be detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Pringsheim
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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12
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Chenoweth L, Sheriff J, McAnally L, Tait F. Impact of the Parkinson's disease medication protocol program on nurses' knowledge and management of Parkinson's disease medicines in acute and aged care settings. NURSE EDUCATION TODAY 2013; 33:458-464. [PMID: 22626862 DOI: 10.1016/j.nedt.2012.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2011] [Revised: 04/18/2012] [Accepted: 04/28/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To determine the impact of a Parkinson's medicine education program on nurses' knowledge and practices in two settings where people with Parkinson's disease are cared for: hospitals and residential aged care facilities. The Parkinson's Disease Medication Protocol Program aimed to increase nurse knowledge of Parkinson's medication administration and safety in care management in order to improve health outcomes, function and well-being for the person with Parkinson's. BACKGROUND The ageing demographic of the developed world is concomitant with an increase in chronic disease, with Parkinson's disease being one of the most debilitating and costly. Individually complex medication regimens and unique spectrums of symptoms require disease-specific knowledge in nurses. People with Parkinson's disease admitted to hospitals and/or living in residential aged care facilities often have multiple co-morbidities, rendering care more complex still. Nurse ignorance of Parkinson's disease medicines, their uses, side effects and administration regimens, and safe care practices, can cause unnecessary distress and dysfunction for the person. METHOD The two pilot studies employed an eighteen month pre/post-test/follow up design at different time frames, using a questionnaire developed by the study team and an expert panel to evaluate nurses' self-assessed 'perceived' knowledge and actual knowledge of Parkinson's disease, Parkinson's medicines and safe care practices, and satisfaction with the targeted Parkinson's education program. RESULTS/FINDINGS Nurses in the hospital pilot (2006/8) revealed deficits in pre-test perceived and actual knowledge levels, which increased significantly at post-test and follow-up. In contrast, in the residential aged care pilot (2008/10) the nurses had higher perceived and actual (correct) knowledge relevant to experience at pre-test and these levels increased at follow-up. Both pilot study cohorts were very satisfied with the PDMPP as an education and support vehicle in Parkinson's management. CONCLUSION These study results concur with the international literature which identifies that without targeted clinical education nurses do not necessarily have sufficient knowledge to effectively manage Parkinson's medicines and avoid unnecessary negative outcomes arising from delays, errors and omissions, nor do they know how to provide safe and effective care for persons with Parkinson's. A well-developed and resourced Parkinson's medicine education program, such as the PDMPP, has the potential to improve deficits in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn Chenoweth
- Aged & Extended Care Nursing, University of Technology Sydney, Health & Ageing Research Unit, South Eastern Sydney Local Health Service, Australia.
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Abstract
Neurological disorders place a considerable burden upon individuals, their families, and society. Some like stroke are common, while others like amyotrophic lateral sclerosis are much rarer. Some conditions such as multiple sclerosis are reported to vary by latitude, while others such as traumatic brain injury can vary considerably by locality. Depending upon the nature of the lesion, and factors such as time since onset, the consequences to the individual may also vary considerably, not just among different disorders, but within a given disorder. Consequently the patterns of disease incidence, its prevalence, and its consequences are complex and may vary not just because of the condition itself, but also because, for example, case ascertainment may vary from study to study. The cumulative annual incidence of disabling neurological disorders is likely to exceed 1000 per 100000, or 1% of the population. The incidence is characterized by significant variation, which is mediated by genetic, geographical, demographic, and environmental factors. While useful comparisons can be made through standardization techniques, planning for local services should be based upon local epidemiology, whenever available.
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Parkinson’s disease in general practice: Assessing knowledge, confidence and the potential role of education. J Clin Neurosci 2011; 18:1044-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2010.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2010] [Revised: 12/22/2010] [Accepted: 12/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Fisher A, Srikusalanukul W, Davis M, Smith P. Hip fracture type: important role of parathyroid hormone (PTH) response to hypovitaminosis D. Bone 2010; 47:400-7. [PMID: 20451678 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2010.04.610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2010] [Revised: 04/23/2010] [Accepted: 04/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether clinical and laboratory characteristics, including serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH) D), PTH and parameters of mineral and bone metabolism, differ by hip fracture (HF) type. PATIENTS AND METHODS We studied prospectively 761 consecutively admitted older patients (mean age 82.3+8.8(SD) years; 74.9% women) with low trauma non-pathological HF. A detailed clinical examination was performed, haematologic, renal, liver and thyroid function tests, serum 25(OH)D, PTH, calcium, phosphate, magnesium, C-reactive protein (CRP) and cardiac troponin I (cTnI) measured. In a subset of 294 patients' markers of bone formation (serum osteocalcin, OC; bone specific alkaline phosphatase, BAP) and bone resorption (urinary deoxypyridinoline, DPD/Cr; N-terminal cross-linked telopeptide of type 1 collagen, NTx/Cr; both corrected to urinary creatinine, Cr) were also measured. RESULTS In the trochanteric compared to the cervical group, females were older than males and the prevalence of Parkinson's disease, mean haemoglobin and albumin levels were lower. Incidence and degree of myocardial injury (cTnl rise) and inflammatory reaction (CRP elevation) as well as length of hospital stay, need of institutionalisation or in-hospital mortality were similar in both groups. Hypovitaminosis D (25(OH)D <50 mmol/L) was present in 77.8% of patients with cervical and in 82.1% with trochanteric HF, elevated PTH (>6.8 pmol/L) in 30.2% and 41.3%, respectively. The associations between 25(OH)D, PTH, and parameters of mineral metabolism and bone turnover were site-specific. In multivariate analyses, PTH (both as a continuous or categorical variable) response to hypovitaminosis D was a strong independent predictor of HF type. Coexistence of vitamin D deficiency (25(OH) D< 25 nmol/L) and elevated PTH predicts trochanteric HF while blunted PTH response predicts cervical HF (OR=3.5; 95% CI 1.5-80; p=0.005). PTH response and phosphate status (above or below median level) correctly discriminated HF type in 73.8% of patients with vitamin D deficiency. CONCLUSIONS HF type is significantly associated with PTH response to hypovitaminosis D and impaired phosphate homeostasis. We detected only minor differences between two main HF types with regard to a wide range of clinical and routine laboratory variables as well as short-term outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Fisher
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The Canberra Hospital, ACT, Australia.
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Muangpaisan W, Hori H, Brayne C. Systematic review of the prevalence and incidence of Parkinson's disease in Asia. J Epidemiol 2009; 19:281-93. [PMID: 19801887 PMCID: PMC3924097 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20081034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder in older people, and half of the world's older population lives in Asia. However, the epidemiology of PD in Asian countries is poorly understood. This review assembles evidence on the prevalence and incidence of PD in Asian countries and identifies gaps in our present knowledge. METHODS A systematic search of studies published from 1965 to October 2008 was conducted using MEDLINE and EMBASE. The selection criteria were defined a priori. Prevalence and incidence were standardized to the WHO World Standard Population 2000. Twenty-one original studies were selected for the review. Two studies that described the ethnic origin of participants and contained Asian populations were also included in the analysis. RESULTS Excluding one study with questionably low prevalence and incidence, the remaining studies reported a standardized all-age prevalence of 51.3 to 176.9 per 100,000 in door-to-door surveys; prevalence in record-based studies ranged from 35.8 to 68.3 per 100,000. The standardized incidence rates were 8.7 per 100,000 person-years in door-to-door surveys and 6.7 to 8.3 per 100,000 person-years in record-based surveys. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of PD in Asian countries was slightly lower than that in Western countries. However, comparison of incidence was difficult because of the small number of studies. Varying methodologies, diagnostic criteria, and case-finding strategies contributed to the considerable variation in the reported prevalence and incidence of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weerasak Muangpaisan
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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Panegyres PK, Gray V, Barrett L, Perceval S. Neurological disorders in a rural Western Australian population. Intern Med J 2009; 40:209-13. [PMID: 19220537 DOI: 10.1111/j.1445-5994.2008.01845.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is limited information on the causes of neurological disorders in an Australian rural setting. METHODS This study reports on a prospective cohort of 160 patients (95 women and 65 men) with a mean age of 55.1 years (standard deviation 19.78 years, range 12-92 years) receiving a neurological work-up from one neurologist attending the Geraldton and Midwest region of Western Australia over a 12-month period. RESULTS Patients were divided into 15 diagnostic classifications. Movement disorders were the most common diagnostic classification (38 of 160 or 23.75%) and Parkinson's disease was the most common movement disorder (30 of 38 or 78.95%) with an estimated period of prevalence of 187.5 persons per 1000. Of the other neurological disorder diagnosis classifications the following number of patients per group was observed: epilepsy (27 or 16.87%); neuromuscular disorders (22 or 13.75%); multiple sclerosis (12 or 7.5%); cerebrovascular disease (10 or 6.25%); headaches (7 or 4.37%); neurodegenerative (7 or 4.37%); dementias (6 or 3.75%); memory dysfunction (6 or 3.75%); gait disorders (4 or 2.5%); vestibular syndrome (3 or 1.87%); pain syndrome (3 or 1.87%); sensory syndrome (2 or 1.25%); brain injury (1 or 0.62%) and miscellaneous (12 or 7.5%). A high number of persons having Parkinson's disease was found. CONCLUSION Possible risk factors for Parkinson's disease for individuals living in Geraldton and Midwest region need to be investigated. This study raises issues pertaining to the provision of services and allocation of resources in rural areas, especially for patients with Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- P K Panegyres
- Neurodegenerative Disorders Research, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
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Watts JJ, McGinley JL, Huxham F, Menz HB, Iansek R, Murphy AT, Waller ER, Morris ME. Cost effectiveness of preventing falls and improving mobility in people with Parkinson disease: protocol for an economic evaluation alongside a clinical trial. BMC Geriatr 2008; 8:23. [PMID: 18823565 PMCID: PMC2573876 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2318-8-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2008] [Accepted: 09/30/2008] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cost of illness studies show that Parkinson disease (PD) is costly for individuals, the healthcare system and society. The costs of PD include both direct and indirect costs associated with falls and related injuries. METHODS This protocol describes a prospective economic analysis conducted alongside a randomised controlled trial (RCT). It evaluates whether physical therapy is more cost effective than usual care from the perspective of the health care system. Cost effectiveness will be evaluated using a three-way comparison of the cost per fall averted and the cost per quality adjusted life year saved across two physical therapy interventions and a control group. CONCLUSION This study has the potential to determine whether targetted physical therapy as an adjunct to standard care can be cost effective in reducing falls in people with PD. TRIAL REGISTRATION No: ACTRN12606000344594.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer J Watts
- Centre for Health Economics, Monash University, Building 75, 3800 Melbourne, Australia.
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