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Silveira BC, Ribeiro AP, Pizzinatto FD, Lobo PM, Miranda HR, de Assis Pereira N. Effects of commercial amniotic membrane extract on the re-epithelialization time and the early expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in cats with experimentally induced corneal ulcers. Vet Ophthalmol 2022; 26 Suppl 1:154-162. [PMID: 36094319 DOI: 10.1111/vop.13024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate whether a commercially available amniotic membrane extract (AME) can accelerate corneal wound healing and suppress the early expression of MMP-9 in the tears of cats with experimentally induced superficial ulcerative keratitis. PROCEDURES A total number of 16 cats were included. At the end of keratectomy, cats in the treatment group (TG, n = 8) received 40 μl of AME (EyeQ® Amniotic Eye Drops, Vetrix®) four times daily, while cats in the control group (CG, n = 8) received 40 μl of saline at the same time points. Tears were collected 24 and 48 h after keratectomy, and the total MMP-9 was quantified by ELISA. RESULTS The corneal re-epithelialization rate did not differ between groups (p = .26), being 0.48 ± 0.05 mm2 /h in the CG and 0.41 ± 0.03 mm2 /h in the TG. Similarly, the average time to achieve corneal wound healing did not differ between groups (p = .25) and was 61.50 ± 3.54 h in the CG and 70.50 ± 6.71 h in the TG. The dimensions of the ulcerated areas also did not differ at any time point between the groups (p > .05). In both groups, corneas healed without scarring, pigmentation, or vascularization. The expression of MMP-9 in the tears was similar in both groups at 24 h post-keratectomy, with a slight decrease at 48 h (p > .05). CONCLUSIONS The instillation of a commercial AME (EyeQ®) is safe, but it did not decrease the corneal re-epithelialization time or the early expression of MMP-9 in the tears of cats with experimentally induced superficial ulcerative keratitis in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Paloma Moraes Lobo
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Brazil
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Fachini F, Kobashigawa K, Madruga G, Filézio M, Cruz N, Moraes P, Laus J, Oliveira F. Ophthalmic parameters in adult Pomeranian dogs. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-12326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to establish ophthalmic parameters in the Pomeranian dog breed. Schirmer tear test (STT), tear breakup time test (TBUTT), Jones test (JT), aesthesiometry, biomicroscopy, tonometry, non-contact specular microscopy (SM), ophthalmoscopy and ultrasonography (US) were carried out 48 eyes of 24 male and female Pomeranian dogs from a breeding kennel. Descriptive statistics was applied for data analysis. Means and standard errors found for STT, TBUT, JT, esthesiometry and tonometry were 24.310±0.448mm/min, 14.570±0.406s., 8.420±1.571min, 3.667±0.157cm and 17.960±0.697mmHg, respectively. For biomicroscopy, 43.75% of the eyes presented caruncle trichiasis, 25% chromodacryorrhea, 25% medial entropion and 10,42% distichiasis. SM showed endothelial cells density of 1958.285±36.760 cells/mm². For hexagonality, endothelial cells area and central corneal thickness were 62.229±2.183%, 519.231±9.853mm², 0.567±0.006mm, respectively. Ophthalmoscopy presented a pattern described in other breeds. Amelanotic fundus was reported in 8.33% of the eyes. The US means and standard errors for axial length of the eyeball, lens thickness, anterior and vitreous chamber depth were 16.859±0.148mm, 6.651±0.081mm, 2.673±0.091mm and 7.485±0.101mm. Mild changes in the lacrimal evaluation parameters were influenced by eyelid changes in STT type I. Increased corneal sensitivity was observed in the breed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - J.L. Laus
- Universidade Estadual Paulista, Brazil
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García-López C, Gómez-Huertas C, Sánchez-González JM, Borroni D, Rodríguez-Calvo-de-Mora M, Romano V, Rachwani-Anil R, Ramos-López JF, Ortiz-Pérez S, Rocha-de-Lossada C. Opioids and Ocular Surface Pathology; A Literature Review of New Treatments Horizons. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11051424. [PMID: 35268515 PMCID: PMC8911328 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11051424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
This review discusses the role of opioids in the corneal surface and the different pathways and therapeutic methods of management. A literature review was performed using PubMed database. For the database search, the main searching words “opioid” and “topical opioid treatment” were used with the descriptors “cornea”, “ocular surface”, “neuropathic corneal pain”, “corneal sensitivity” and “naltrexone”; original scientific articles and reviews were included to achieve the purpose of the review. The endogenous opioid system has relevant functions in the organism, and in daily use, opioids are used as painkillers. However, these drugs may be employed for other indications as opioid pathways have a wide spectrum. The corneal surface for topical treatment is easily accessible, hence sparing the side effects of systemic opioids. Instillation of opioid antagonist substances, such as naltrexone, increases corneal healing rates and stimulates the division of corneal epithelium cells without deleterious effects. The natural modulation of endogenous opioids controls different forms of pain, including inflammatory and neuropathic pain, both in the ocular surface and in the central nervous system. There are diverse methods in controlling pain using opioids, especially in refractory forms. This review attempts to collect the literature about corneal surface and opioid pathways to provide an overview image and a possible direction of the news treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia García-López
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, 18014 Granada, Spain; (C.G.-L.); (C.G.-H.); (J.-F.R.-L.); (S.O.-P.); (C.R.-d.-L.)
| | - Carmen Gómez-Huertas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, 18014 Granada, Spain; (C.G.-L.); (C.G.-H.); (J.-F.R.-L.); (S.O.-P.); (C.R.-d.-L.)
| | - José-María Sánchez-González
- Department of Physics of Condensed Matter, Optics Area, University of Seville, 41004 Seville, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-955-42-08-61
| | - Davide Borroni
- Department of Doctoral Studies, Riga Stradins University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia;
- Cornea Research Unit, ADVALIA Vision, 20145 Milan, Italy
| | - Marina Rodríguez-Calvo-de-Mora
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain;
- Department of Ophthalmology (Qvision), Vithas Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Vito Romano
- Department of Eye and Vision Science Ophthalmology, St Paul’s Eye Hospital, Liverpool L7 8XP, UK;
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, Ophthalmology Clinic, University of Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Juan-Francisco Ramos-López
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, 18014 Granada, Spain; (C.G.-L.); (C.G.-H.); (J.-F.R.-L.); (S.O.-P.); (C.R.-d.-L.)
| | - Santiago Ortiz-Pérez
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, 18014 Granada, Spain; (C.G.-L.); (C.G.-H.); (J.-F.R.-L.); (S.O.-P.); (C.R.-d.-L.)
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18010 Granada, Spain
| | - Carlos Rocha-de-Lossada
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, 18014 Granada, Spain; (C.G.-L.); (C.G.-H.); (J.-F.R.-L.); (S.O.-P.); (C.R.-d.-L.)
- Department of Ophthalmology (Qvision), Vithas Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ceuta Medical Center, 51001 Ceuta, Spain
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Spertus CB, Espinheira Gomes F, Martin-Flores M, Parry SA, Ledbetter EC. Analgesic effect of topical and subconjunctival morphine in dogs after phacoemulsification: A pilot study. Vet Ophthalmol 2020; 23:674-681. [PMID: 32369267 DOI: 10.1111/vop.12770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the efficacy of a single treatment of topical and subconjunctival 0.1% preservative-free morphine sulfate (PFMS) in providing analgesia following phacoemulsification in dogs. ANIMALS STUDIED Ten diabetic and ten non-diabetic client-owned dogs treated with bilateral phacoemulsification. PROCEDURES A prospective, randomized, masked, negative-controlled clinical trial was performed. All dogs received topical (0.2 mL) and subconjunctival (0.1 mL) 0.1% PFMS in one eye following phacoemulsification. The other eye received an equal volume and mode of administration of balanced salt solution (BSS). Ophthalmic examination, blinking rates, tearing, conjunctival hyperemia, aqueous flare, and central corneal esthesiometry (CCE) were evaluated in all eyes 1 day prior to surgery and at 4, 24, and 48 hours after surgery. Complete physical examination, ocular ultrasound, electroretinogram, hemogram, and serum biochemistry panel were performed in all dogs prior to phacoemulsification. All dogs received the standard of care treatment before and after surgery, including uniform anesthetic protocol. RESULTS Baseline ophthalmic exams were unremarkable, except for the presence of cataracts, in all dogs. The mean CCE (±SD) at 4 hours post-operatively was 1.76 ± 1.27 g/mm2 and 1.85 ± 1.5 g/mm2 for the negative control and PFMS groups, respectively. There were no statistical differences in blepharospasm, conjunctival hyperemia, tearing, aqueous flare, blinking rates, CCE, or intraocular pressure (IOP) between the treatment groups for any of the time points for the non-diabetic and diabetic dogs, or for all dogs combined (P > .05). CONCLUSIONS Topical and subconjunctival 0.1% PFMS did not affect the evaluated parameters after phacoemulsification in the study dogs at the timepoints assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe B Spertus
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Filipe Espinheira Gomes
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Manuel Martin-Flores
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Stephen A Parry
- Statistical Consulting Unit, College of Human Ecology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Eric C Ledbetter
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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Tang A, Caballero AR, Bierdeman MA, Marquart ME, Foster TJ, Monk IR, O'Callaghan RJ. Staphylococcus aureus Superantigen-Like Protein SSL1: A Toxic Protease. Pathogens 2019; 8:pathogens8010002. [PMID: 30609641 PMCID: PMC6471365 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens8010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a major cause of corneal infections that can cause reduced vision, even blindness. Secreted toxins cause tissue damage and inflammation resulting in scars that lead to vision loss. Identifying tissue damaging proteins is a prerequisite to limiting these harmful reactions. The present study characterized a previously unrecognized S. aureus toxin. This secreted toxin was purified from strain Newman ΔhlaΔhlg, the N-terminal sequence determined, the gene cloned, and the purified recombinant protein was tested in the rabbit cornea. The virulence of a toxin deletion mutant was compared to its parent and the mutant after gene restoration (rescue strain). The toxin (23 kDa) had an N-terminal sequence matching the Newman superantigen-like protein SSL1. An SSL1 homodimer (46 kDa) had proteolytic activity as demonstrated by zymography and cleavage of a synthetic substrate, collagens, and cytokines (IL-17A, IFN-γ, and IL-8); the protease was susceptible to serine protease inhibitors. As compared to the parent and rescue strains, the ssl1 mutant had significantly reduced virulence, but not reduced bacterial growth, in vivo. The ocular isolates tested had the ssl1 gene, with allele type 2 being the predominant type. SSL1 is a protease with corneal virulence and activity on host defense and structural proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aihua Tang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA.
| | - Armando R Caballero
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA.
| | - Michael A Bierdeman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA.
| | - Mary E Marquart
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA.
| | - Timothy J Foster
- Department of Microbiology, Moyne Institute of Preventive Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin 2, D02 PN40, Ireland.
| | - Ian R Monk
- Department of Microbiology, Moyne Institute of Preventive Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin 2, D02 PN40, Ireland.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, 3000 Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Richard J O'Callaghan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA.
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Gordon E, Sandquist C, Cebra CK, Heidel J, Poulsen K, Schlipf JW. Esthesiometric evaluation of corneal analgesia after topical application of 1% morphine sulfate in normal horses. Vet Ophthalmol 2017; 21:218-223. [DOI: 10.1111/vop.12494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emma Gordon
- Department of Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; Oregon State University; 158 Magruder Hall Corvallis OR USA
| | - Christy Sandquist
- Department of Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; Oregon State University; 158 Magruder Hall Corvallis OR USA
| | - Christopher K. Cebra
- Department of Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; Oregon State University; 158 Magruder Hall Corvallis OR USA
| | - Jerry Heidel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; Oregon State University; Corvallis OR USA
| | - Keith Poulsen
- Department of Medical Sciences; School of Veterinary Medicine and Wisconsin Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory; University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison WI USA
| | - John W. Schlipf
- Department of Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; Oregon State University; 158 Magruder Hall Corvallis OR USA
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Abstract
This paper is the thirty-sixth consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning the endogenous opioid system. It summarizes papers published during 2013 that studied the behavioral effects of molecular, pharmacological and genetic manipulation of opioid peptides, opioid receptors, opioid agonists and opioid antagonists. The particular topics that continue to be covered include the molecular-biochemical effects and neurochemical localization studies of endogenous opioids and their receptors related to behavior, and the roles of these opioid peptides and receptors in pain and analgesia; stress and social status; tolerance and dependence; learning and memory; eating and drinking; alcohol and drugs of abuse; sexual activity and hormones, pregnancy, development and endocrinology; mental illness and mood; seizures and neurologic disorders; electrical-related activity and neurophysiology; general activity and locomotion; gastrointestinal, renal and hepatic functions; cardiovascular responses; respiration and thermoregulation; and immunological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Bodnar
- Department of Psychology and Neuropsychology Doctoral Sub-Program, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, NY 11367, United States.
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Thomson SM, Oliver JA, Gould DJ, Mendl M, Leece EA. Preliminary investigations into the analgesic effects of topical ocular 1% morphine solution in dogs and cats. Vet Anaesth Analg 2013; 40:632-40. [DOI: 10.1111/vaa.12069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2012] [Revised: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Trujillo Piso DY, Ribeiro AP, Silva ML, Guimarães PJ, Morales A, Martins BC, Padua IM, Renzo R, Andrade AL, Uscátegui RR, Laus JL. Effects of antiproteolytic agents on corneal epithelial viability and matrix metalloproteinase-2 and metalloproteinase-9 activity in alkali-burned corneas of rats. Vet Ophthalmol 2013; 17:23-31. [DOI: 10.1111/vop.12032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dunia Y. Trujillo Piso
- Departament of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, College of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine; Sao Paulo State University; Jaboticabal SP Brazil
| | - Alexandre P. Ribeiro
- Department of Veterinary Clinic, College of Agronomy, Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences; Federal University of Mato Grosso; Cuiabá MT Brazil
| | - Miguel L. Silva
- Departament of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, College of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine; Sao Paulo State University; Jaboticabal SP Brazil
| | - Patrícia J. Guimarães
- Departament of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, College of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine; Sao Paulo State University; Jaboticabal SP Brazil
| | - Adriana Morales
- Departament of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, College of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine; Sao Paulo State University; Jaboticabal SP Brazil
| | - Bianca C. Martins
- Departament of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, College of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine; Sao Paulo State University; Jaboticabal SP Brazil
| | - Ivan M. Padua
- Departament of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, College of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine; Sao Paulo State University; Jaboticabal SP Brazil
| | - Roberta Renzo
- Departament of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, College of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine; Sao Paulo State University; Jaboticabal SP Brazil
| | - Alexandre L. Andrade
- Department of Clinic, Surgery and Animal Reproduction, College of Veterinary Medicine; Sao Paulo State University; Araçatuba SP Brazil
| | - Ricardo R. Uscátegui
- Departament of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, College of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine; Sao Paulo State University; Jaboticabal SP Brazil
| | - José L. Laus
- Departament of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, College of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine; Sao Paulo State University; Jaboticabal SP Brazil
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